Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by. Welcome to Elbit Systems' fourth quarter 2021 results conference call. All participants are present in listen only mode. Following management's formal presentation, instructions will be given for the question and answer session. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. You should have all received by now the company's press release that is available in the news section of the company's website, www.elbitsystems.com. I would now like to hand over the call to Rami Myerson, Elbit Systems Investor Relations Director. Rami, please go ahead.
Thank you, operator. Good day, everyone, and welcome to our fourth quarter and year-end 2021 earnings call. On the call with me today are Bezhalel Machlis, our President and CEO, Joseph Gaspar, our Chief Financial Officer, and Kobi Kagan, who will take over from Yossi on April 1. Before we begin, I would like to point out that the safe harbor statement in the company's press release issued earlier today also refers to the contents of this conference call. As we do every quarter, we will provide you with both our regular GAAP financial data as well as certain supplemental non-GAAP information. We believe that this non-GAAP information provides additional detail to help understand the performance of the ongoing business. You can find all the detailed GAAP financial data as well as the non-GAAP information and the reconciliation in today's press release.
Yossi will begin by providing a discussion of the financial results, followed by Butzi, who will talk about some of the significant events during the quarter and beyond. We will turn the call over to a question and answer session. Earlier today, we hosted an investor conference at the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. A recording of the event will be available in the investor relations section of our website, www.elbitsystems.com. Investors and analysts who wish to ask questions related to topics discussed at the investor conference are welcome to present their questions during the Q&A session of the call. With that, I would like now to turn the call over to Yossi. Yossi, please.
Thank you, Rami. Hello, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. As Rami mentioned, on April 1, Kobi Kagan will take over as Chief Financial Officer. I will continue as Senior Executive Vice President, Business Management, and will retain, among other corporate priorities, the responsibility for capital markets and investor relations, working together with Rami. I look forward to introducing Kobi to investors and analysts over the coming weeks and months. I would like to take this opportunity to wish Kobi good luck and success in his new role. The 2021 annual results reflect the very positive transformation of Elbit over the last few years, during which we successfully moved up the value chain from a provider of products and systems to a provider of comprehensive solutions.
The Hellenic Flight School contract is a good example of a comprehensive contract as a result of this transformation, as well as supports the growth in order backlog and revenues that indicate the strong demand for our systems and solutions. We continue to implement mitigation plans to limit the impact of the strengthening Israeli shekel and the competition for talent. In the short term, these include the adoption of rolling currency hedge policy and efficiency measures. Over the longer term, we plan to extend our engineering and manufacturing footprint in high-quality, low-cost countries to better balance our currency exposure and reduce risk. The introduction of a company-wide ERP system will support these efforts. I will now highlight and discuss some of the key figures and trends in our financial results.
First-quarter revenues were $1.494 billion and increased by 8.5% year-over-year. For 2021 as a whole, our revenues were $5.3 billion versus $4.7 billion last year, representing a growth of 13%. A major part of the growth was organic in addition to the contribution from Sparton, which we acquired in the second quarter of 2021. In terms of annual revenue breakdown across our areas of operation, Airborne Systems accounted for 38% of total annual revenues and increased year-over-year, mainly due to airborne precision-guided munition sales. Land Systems sales accounted for 24% of total revenues, a similar level of revenues to 2020. C4ISR at 26% of revenues increased year-over-year, primarily due to the acquisition of Sparton and unmanned systems sales.
Electro-optics accounted for 9% of total sales, and other sales were 4% of revenues and increased year-over-year, mainly due to the growth of our US medical instrumentation subsidiary. Our diverse geographic revenue base is important to the long-term sustainability of our business. In 2021, North America contributed to 31% of our revenues. Asia Pacific, 27%. Israel was 21%, and Europe 17%. The growth in U.S. was mainly due to the Sparton acquisition and sales of commercial medical instrumentation. Asia Pacific revenues increased mainly due to the sales of precision-guided munition and unmanned airborne systems. The growth in European revenues was primarily due to training and simulation sales. Elbit has always viewed Europe as a strategically important market with significant potential. We have made significant investments to expand our positions across the continent.
Since 2014, our European revenues increased by more than 90%, significantly faster than the growth of the European NATO members' defense budgets in the same period. Almost all of this growth was organic. Following many years of investment, we believe Elbit is well-positioned to benefit from the planned increase in the European defense spending. Compared with the fourth quarter last year, we saw strong growth in Asia Pacific that more than offset lower sales in certain other markets. This reflects the phasing of programs and trends to fluctuate from quarter to quarter. We believe the longer-term trends are more representative of our business. The non-GAAP gross margin for the fourth quarter was 25.5% compared with the fourth quarter of 2020 at 26.3%.
For the full year of 2021, non-GAAP gross margin was 26.2% compared with 26.7% last year. Non-GAAP gross margin in 2021 reflect an unfavorable program mix as well as the impact of the strong shekel versus the US dollar compared to 2020. GAAP gross margin in the fourth quarter of 2021 was 25.1% of revenues, compared with 26% in the fourth quarter of 2020. GAAP gross margin in 2021 was 25.7% compared with 25% in 2020. GAAP gross profit in 2020 included expenses of approximately $60 million as a result of a non-cash expense related to inventory write-offs and asset impairment, mainly in our commercial aviation activities due to the impact of the COVID-19.
The first quarter non-GAAP operating income was $120 million or 8% of revenues, compared with $113.8 million or 8.3% of revenues last year. Margins declined slightly year-over-year due to lower gross margins and higher G&A expenses in the quarter. GAAP operating income in the first quarter was $107.3 million versus $104.6 million in the first quarter of 2020. Non-GAAP operating income in 2021 was $451 million or 8.5% of revenues, compared with $390 million or 8.4% of revenues last year. GAAP operating income was $490 million versus $326 million last year.
The operating expense breakdown in 2021 was as follows: Net R&D expenses were 7.5% of revenues versus 7.7% in 2020. Marketing and selling expenses declined to 5.5% of revenues versus 6.2% last year. G&A expenses were 5.1% of revenues compared with 4.8% last year. The increase in the G&A expenses was mainly related to the Sparton acquisition. While we do not provide forward guidance, I would note that the recent rise in the share price could lead to an increase in expenses in 2021 and on related to employee share price-linked compensation plans. Financial expenses were $20 million in the first quarter, compared with $33 million in 2020.
The lower level of financial expenses were mainly due to exchange rate differences related to the revaluation of lease liabilities in the quarter. Financial expenses in 2021 were $40 million compared to $71 million last year. We recorded a tax expense of $92.2 million in the first quarter, compared with $1.9 million in 2020. Taxes on income in the first quarter included a one-time expense of approximately $80 million related to the release of exempt earnings. Please see our press release published on 22nd of February this year. We have excluded this expense from our non-GAAP net income due to the non-recurring nature of this expense. Including this extraordinary expense, the effective tax rate in 2021 was 34.3% compared with 13.9% in 2020.
Our non-GAAP diluted earnings per share was $2.14 in the first quarter and $8.30 for the full year of 2021. GAAP diluted EPS was $0.18 for the first quarter and $6.20 for the full year of 2021. Our backlog of orders as of December 31, 2021 was $13.7 billion, $2.6 billion higher than the backlog at the end of 2020. Approximately 60% of the current backlog is scheduled to be performed during 2022 and 2023, and the rest is scheduled for 2024 and beyond. The percentage of the short-term backlog declined in recent years following the receipt of long-term contracts, improving our visibility for the future revenues.
Operating cash flow for the fourth quarter was $260 million, compared with $172 million in the same quarter last year. For 2021 as a whole, we reported $417 million operating cash versus $279 million in 2020. Operating cash flow benefited from receipts of delayed payments from the Israeli Ministry of Defense in the first quarter, as well as growth in advanced payments on contract by customers. The board of directors declared a dividend of $0.50 per share for the fourth quarter of 2021. I will now turn the call over to Mr. Machlis. Machlis, please.
Thank you, Yossi. I would also like to wish Kobi and Yossi good luck in their new roles. I look forward to continue working with both of you. 2021 was a solid year for Elbit, and the growth in revenue and backlog reflect our strategy that combines strong market positions around the world and a broad portfolio and technological capabilities that we leverage to tailor market leading relevant and cost-effective solutions for our customers. At our investors conference today, we discussed this strategy and the investment we made in the past and continue to make to grow both these market positions and disruptive technologies. We continue to see good momentum across almost all our end markets and in recent weeks, we have all heard European and NATO leaders announce plans to dramatically increase defense spending.
Elbit Systems has established subsidiaries in countries across Europe as part of our strategy to build a global multi-domestic company. Our European subsidiaries employ hundreds of employees, creating local jobs and supporting domestic supply chain. They provide engineering, manufacturing, and support services for domestic and export customers. Elbit Systems has invested a lot more than just capital to develop these subsidiaries. We have transferred technologies, IP, business best practices, and provided these subsidiaries with benefit of Elbit's global sales force and footprint. Our investment in Europe has already generated good returns. Our European revenues have grown significantly faster than European defense budgets in recent years, providing an encouraging indication of both our market position and the demand for our solutions. Sweden provide another example of our strategy. In 2021, we opened Elbit Systems Sweden following a number of commercial successes.
These include avionics for the Gripen fighter, radios and ammunition for the army, and combat management system for the Royal Swedish Navy. The Swedish Prime Minister recently announced plans to increase defense spending to 2% of GDP. I believe Elbit Systems Sweden can provide the Swedish military with a broad range of additional advanced and relevant technological capabilities to help address the increasing threat environment. This is also true for additional European countries with Elbit Systems subsidiaries that have also announced plans to increase defense spending, including Germany, Belgium, and Romania. In 2021, we opened our subsidiary in the United Arab Emirates, and in January this year, Elbit Systems Emirates received its first contract to supply DIRCM and electronic warfare self-protection system for the UAE Air Force Airbus 330 multi-role tanker transport aircraft.
I am optimistic about the potential for Elbit Systems in the UAE and additional countries that were part of the historic Abraham Accords. At our Investor Day in 2020, we presented the maritime market as one of Elbit growth drivers and the investment we have made to develop a range of solution for this growing market. Following the progress made over the last 12 months, we decided to highlight our activities in the maritime market at today's 2020 Investor Day. This progress includes the acquisition of Sparton in the U.S., a contract for our naval Spectrum XR system, as well as contract of our Seagull unmanned naval vessel . The $100 million Royal Navy electronic warfare contract, our UK subsidiary, Elbit Systems U.K., received in November, was a significant achievement for both our UK subsidiary and our maritime activities.
As part of this contract, Elbit Systems U.K. will design and manufacture maritime EW suite comprised of digital full-spectrum radar, electronic support measures, and EW command and control system. These latest generation technologies will enhance the situation awareness and anti-ship missile defense of the Royal Navy ships, improving the capability to exploit the electromagnetic environment. I believe that there's a significant potential for cooperation across Elbit subsidiaries that operate in the maritime market. Following the acquisition of GTI in Canada in 2018, Sparton in the U.S. in 2021, Elbit Systems today is a supplier to the U.S. Navy, the Canadian Navy, and the Royal Navy. These three countries are members of the Five Eyes alliance with Australia and New Zealand. I'm optimistic about Elbit's potential in the maritime market following the progress we delivered in 2021.
In summary, I believe Elbit Systems' investment to build significant market position around the world and the leading portfolio of technological capabilities will enable us to benefit from future growth in defense budgets.
With that, I will be happy to take your questions. Operator?
Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, at this time, we'll begin the question and answer session. If you have a question, please press star one. If you wish to cancel your request, please press star two. If you are using speaker equipment, kindly raise the handset before pressing the numbers. Your questions will be pulled in the order they are received. Please stand by while we pull for your questions. The first question is from Pete Skibitski of Alembic Global. Please go ahead.
Yes, hello, Butzi and Yossi and Kobi and Rami, and good afternoon. Hope everyone is doing well.
Good afternoon, Pete.
Maybe we could start off talking about backlog. Backlog in the quarter was fairly flat versus the third quarter. I'm wondering how the continuing resolution in the United States impacted that, because the CR was ongoing through the entire December quarter and really ongoing until only a few weeks ago. I was just wondering if you saw some order headwinds from the CR in the fourth quarter and maybe you expect that to continue through the first quarter, given the length of that.
Hi, Pete. This is Yossi. No, I cannot confirm that we have seen any headwinds. As you know, we have increased significantly about $2.5 billion the backlog in this year. Significant part of that came also from the U.S. There are fluctuations in these incoming orders. However, we are very optimistic when we heard today that Biden administration has proposed an increase of 4% over $30 billion in the recommended budget for next year. That will definitely be something very positive for us as well.
Yeah. Well, that guy, there's a segue into my next question, and you guys alluded to that in your opening commentary. You know, we're seeing certainly higher defense spending in the U.S. now, certainly in Europe, pretty sizable increases it sounds like. If we put that all together, maybe it's too early, but how are you guys now thinking of your organic revenue growth outlook, maybe through the midterm, given this, you know, pretty strong kind of macro environment we're seeing out there?
Hi, Pete. It's Butzi. We see a lot of interest in our portfolio, and we see the funnel. The potential new business opportunities that we are managing right now has increased a lot. We also got some immediate orders already. We just published last week a nice contract we got from Sweden to provide ammunition for the army. I'm optimistic that this that this funnel will be transformed to growing backlog in the near future as well as in the long future.
Sure. Makes sense. One last one for me, if I could. On the gross margin in the fourth quarter, could you say which was more of a headwind in the fourth quarter gross margin? Was it the program mix or was it FX headwind? Maybe you could give us a sense of, you know, if you can, reverse those headwinds in 2022.
Yeah. Well, it's a combination of both. We, as you know, Pete, are working very hard to mitigate these headwinds on our future planning. We have a very extensive long-term plan to improve profitability in our business. We are working hard to implement that. The one company ERP that I mentioned earlier, one of them, the reorganization that we did, the synergy that we are building between the various parts of the organization to reduce costs and overheads, all of that is underway with the long-term planning. We hope to see some improvements in the midterm future.
Okay. I won't ask any more questions, but let me just say, congrats on the free cash flow performance this year. It turned out to be, you know, over 90%. One of the, you know, best years, I think, over five years or so for Elbit. Great job there and thanks for the time, guys.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thanks, Pete.
The next question is from Dina Korshunov of Leader Capital Markets. Please go ahead.
Hi, guys. Great talking to you again today. I have a couple of questions. My first question is regarding the war in Ukraine. Can you please detail what are the immediate and long-term effects regarding the supply chain and ongoing operation? Can it escalate us to a significant rise in costs or disruption in activity? This is my first question. You can answer, and then I will ask the other question.
Yeah. Hi, Dina. I don't see any effect on supply chain. There is an effect on supply because of COVID, which we found some ways to handle. I don't see any immediate effect on supply chain and other cost drivers which might affect our performance in the future. I don't see actually. I see many opportunities related to the Ukrainian war for new business for the company.
I understand. Thank you. The second question, what are your estimations regarding the future trend in defense budget in the medium and long term?
I-
Maybe not in the next year, but, you know, in couple of years.
No, I think that we will see an increase in defense spending in this year as well as in the future. Actually, it looks like this war was a wake-up call to NATO, and there is a decision to increase defense spending in NATO countries to 2% of GDP. Just yesterday, it was announced that an increase in the defense budget of 4% might take place, which is about additional $30 billion. We also see additional growing defense spending also in Asia-Pacific, not just in NATO countries. I believe that this year, as well as in the coming years, we will see growing defense spending all over the globe.
Understand. In the long term, maybe, I don't know, in five-10 years, won't it stop in some point of time?
It's quite, you know, difficult to predict what will be in five - six years. It looks like many countries in Europe took a strategic decision to build strong local defense industries and to support their industries. We heard that Germany, for example, will invest EUR 100 billion this year in defense. We also see a trend to invest most of the budgets locally, and Elbit is very well-positioned via our subsidiaries in Europe as well as all around the globe, to take benefits of this growing investment.
Great. Thank you. My last question, what are the main programs or segments that expected to rise in the US budget in 2023 proposals that can influence you the most or vice versa?
We see additional investment in the naval domain. This was growing investment in the naval domain. This was one of the reasons for our strategic decision to invest in this domain, and that's one of the reasons to acquire Sparton, which supplies sonobuoys to the U.S. Navy. We also see increasing defense spending for airborne platforms. The army, I assume that based on the last conflict in Ukraine, we will see also increase in the army budget this year as well as in the near future.
I understand. Thank you. Great answers. Thank you. Good luck.
Thank you.
Thanks, Dina.
The next question is from Ellen Page of Jefferies. Please go ahead.
Hi. Good morning, guys. It's actually Sheila on the line. I just want to follow up on some of Pete's questions, actually, with regards to Europe. Can you remind us of your largest exposures there in terms of on a country basis? I know you mentioned some specific opportunities, but if you could give us a breakdown.
Could you repeat, please?
Sorry about the background noise. You know, in Europe, can you remind us of your exposure on a country basis and, you know, how we think about the opportunities actually being accretive to revenues in terms of timing? Country. Sorry.
How many people you have in each country? Oh, actually.
Revenue exposure in terms of country. Sorry.
Well, our subsidiaries, our major subsidiaries in European countries, we have starting with the U.K., we have actually under Elbit U.K., we have about five various plants that are operating the various business areas that we work on and do business in. We have hundreds of people in these operations. The other one that's worth mentioning is, of course, Germany. We have two operations there. Again, several hundreds of people operating in Germany. When I say operating, then I would say it's manufacturing, it's engineering work, customer relations, customer support, and everything related with the business that we are performing in that country.
We have in Belgium several hundred people operating in the electro-optic and land systems, again, developing and manufacturing equipment. We have a relatively significant base in Romania, which is a high quality, low cost territory. We're manufacturing over there quite a lot of mechanical and electronic assemblies, parts and assemblies. Of course, we have as well some software capability to develop software and related with all the engineering work that we are doing. That's in Romania. We have several hundred people over there. We have in Hungary a subsidiary that is operating in the advanced RF business, including radar systems. We have quite a lot of people over there.
We have a subsidiary in Sweden, which we established about a year and a half ago, but already received significant contracts for the Swedish Ministry of Defense. We have people on-site doing, performing these contracts. Austria is another base of ours. It did start in the past with command and control systems, but it developed in many other areas as well, like fire control systems and unmanned turrets and unmanned fire control systems and so on, and communication. Everything that I mentioned is just a part of it. We, of course, have subsidiaries, maybe at a little bit lower scale in France. We are doing over there commercial avionics, supporting the local commercial industry. We also have subsidiaries in Italy and other places as well.
Quite a lot of spread. In total, I would say, in Europe, we are close or probably over 1,000 people that are working for our subsidiaries in this continent.
Okay, great. Thank you for all that color. Maybe I wanted to ask about free cash flow once again. We get conversion on 62% on adjusted net income and 83 or so on GAAP. I think you suggest that there's still customer payments outstanding. Can you maybe remind us of those?
Oh, yes. Well, we had a short period of time during which there was no stability in the budget of the whole budget of the country of Israel. With the establishment of the new government, the budget stabilized, was approved, and as part of that budget, the budget for the Ministry of Defense here in Israel was approved, and they have actually paid up all their debt to us, and actually continuing on a normal, regular basis to pay whatever they have to pay to us. I would not look at them as any debt holder for Elbit.
From point of view of inventory, can you answer the question? Or on inventory, I think.
No, no. It was customer payments. You can talk about inventory, and that's my last question.
Okay. Thank you very much.
Thank you.
There are no further questions at this time. Before I ask Mr. Machlis to go ahead with his closing statement, I'd like to remind participants that a replay of this call will be available two hours after the conference ends. In the U.S., please call 1-888-782-4291. In Israel, please call 03-925-5900. Internationally, please call 972-3-925-5900. A replay of this call will also be available on the company's website, www.elbitsystems.com. Mr. Machlis, would you like to make your concluding statement?
Thank you. I would like to thank all our employees again for their continued hard work and contribution to Elbit Systems' success. To everyone on the call, thank you for joining us today and for your continued support and interest in our company. Have a good day, and goodbye.
Thank you. This concludes the Elbit Systems Ltd. fourth quarter 2021 results conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may go ahead and disconnect.