Good day and thank you for standing by. Welcome to Teva's third quarter 2022 financial results conference call. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be the question and answer session. To ask a question during the session, you will need to press star one one on your telephone. You will then hear an automated message advising your hand is raised. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand over the conference to our first speaker today, Ran Meir, Senior Vice President, Head of Investor Relations.
Thank you, Nadia. Thank you everyone for joining us today to discuss Teva's third quarter 2022 financial results. We hope you have had an opportunity to review our earnings press release, which was issued earlier this morning. A copy of this press release, as well as a copy of the slides being presented on this call, can be found on our website at tevapharm.com. Please review our forward-looking statements on slide number two. Additional information regarding these statements and our non-GAAP financial measures is available on our earnings release and in our SEC forms 10-K and 10-Q. To begin today's call, Kåre Schultz, Teva's CEO, will provide an overview of the first quarter performance, recent events, and priorities going forward. Our CFO, Eli Kalif, will follow- up by reviewing the financial results in more detail, including our 2022 financial outlook.
Joining Kåre and Eli on the call today is Sven Dethlefs, Teva's Head of North America business, who will be available during the question and answer session that will follow the presentation. Please note that today's call will run approximately one hour. With that, I will now turn the call over to Kåre. Kåre, if you would, please.
Thank you, Ran, and welcome to all of you. Let's take a look at the highlights for the third quarter. We came in with revenue of $3.6 billion, and our adjusted EBITDA came in at $1.1 billion. The GAAP diluted earnings per share were $0.05, and the non-GAAP diluted earnings per share were $0.59. We did see significant headwinds on the revenues in Q3. On itself, we had a net impact of $215 million, and year to date, we've seen an impact of $510 million. That's of course, compared to 2021. Just to give you an idea about how you can think about it, we have an estimated guidance on the revenue of, let's make it simple, $15 billion.
Half of that is US dollar sales in the U.S., more or less, and half of it is non-US dollar sales. The dollar has been strengthening against nearly every currency. If you imagine we have half the revenues, $7.5 billion, and there's a strengthening, let's say 1%, then that means that our revenues go down by $75 million US dollars. Each percent increase of the US dollar is a $75 million reduction on our revenue. Of course, then when you get to operating profit, it's less of an effect. There's some offsetting elements. It's roughly $20 million reduction in US dollar operating profit for each percent that the dollar strengthens. Just so you get an idea about it.
The free cash flow came in nicely at $685 million, and we continue to reduce our debt in accordance with our strategic aim. We are now down to $19 billion, first time in many years that we're below 20, which is really nice to see. The revenues are still affected by the strengthening of the US dollar, and the US dollar remains strong here in the beginning of the fourth quarter. We've adjusted our guidance on revenues, but we have been able, through a lot of measures, to keep our guidance on the adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EPS and free cash flow. We are reaffirming that guidance, and Eli will talk more about that later. Both AUSTEDO and AJOVY are doing very fine. We'll take a look at that in a couple of minutes. In Europe, we've seen a good development of the business.
Net of the exchange effect I just talked about, we've seen 5% growth in our generic and OT revenue in Europe. That's, of course, reflecting our strong position there and also some good new product launches. We have also seen substantial progress on the nationwide opioid settlement, and in just a few minutes, I'll give you some more details on that. Then on the U.S. generic drug antitrust litigation, we have made some more settlements. You know, these are of a lower size, so roughly around a 1 billion per 1% of a 1 million, $1 million per 1% of the U.S. population. Lately we have settled in Georgia and Arkansas, and we expect to see more of that in the coming months. Let's move on to the opioid litigation updates.
As you remember, we have reached an agreement in principle some months ago, and we've accrued for that in our half year earnings. That's really unchanged. We still have that accrual, and we've been having a lot of progress on that. In the coming period, we expect to initiate the actual process of having the opt-ins and opt-outs and so on both state level and on the subdivision level. We have also completed the details of our agreement with Allergan, and that was already part of the overall accrual that we did at the half year. That's now sort of been done in details, crossing the T's and dotting the I's.
We've also, as you might have seen, concluded a settlement with New York, which ends the litigation in New York, and it's done in the way that New York basically signs onto the national agreement, which has a certain value. Then they also get what you call a trial bump because they have a verdict against us. They get some extra money. What's important for us is of course that the national agreement is what we already had accrued for. We had also accrued for the premium for New York, most of it. We now have an arrangement where the extra money they get, they get it over 18 years, which is good for us because it means that it's very manageable in relation to our cash flow and our debt situation. We are quite satisfied with that outcome.
As I said, we are looking into that in the coming period. At some point in time, we will have to go through the normal process of the states opting in, and then the subdivisions opting in to the nationwide agreement. We're quite optimistic that we'll get a very, very high number of states and subdivisions joining. In that way, we will put the majority of opioid litigation behind us to the benefit, hopefully, of the U.S. people and also good for us as a company so that we can focus on the future. Now talking about the future, let's look at the current situation on revenue and how it's been developing. I'd like to just point to the latest chart here, or the latest bar here. You can see that it's roughly $3.6 billion as we just talked about.
If you add the 215 that we lost on exchange rates, you see it sort of gets to the 3.8 range, which is very similar to where it's been, sort of a bit up and down over the last many quarters. The main change here is really that we have seen this appreciation of the US dollar. Other than that, we have very stable business in all the different areas of our business. Let me just comment on our two key products, AUSTEDO first. You'll see here that AUSTEDO grew 30% versus last year to $260 million. We see a very strong development continue on AUSTEDO with nice increase in both revenues and in prescriptions, and also in patients and number of doctors writing the product.
All in all, it's looking very positive, and we're on track to reach around $1 billion in sales in 2022. That's very positive and of course very nice to see more and more people being treated also for tardive dyskinesia with this nice drug. If we move to AJOVY, we also here have a very nice positive development. You can see the scripts in the U.S., the TRX keep on growing. You can see here how the market share in Europe is nearly 33%. In U.S., it's around 25%. As you know, we recently launched with a partner in Japan, and they're already up to 28%. As I've said before, we have a target here that we wanna get at least to 1/3 of the market, 33%.
I think it's fair to tell you that I've already told Europe that that's getting too easy now, so they have a new target of 50%, which is exciting, of course, for them and me. Now, if we go on to cost management, then of course there's a lot of discussions about inflationary pressure and so on these days. Of course, we also have some inflationary pressures on things like energy and other elements of our manufacturing cost base. We are trying to compensate by being more efficient. As you know, we've had a strong efficiency drive for the last five years. We're continuing that. That is, to some extent, you would say, taking the worst out of the inflationary pressure.
Here you can see that we are year to date at 27.3% in operating margin, and we are very committed to and feel very secure about reaching the 28% next year, which is our 2023 year-end target. The net debt continues to decline. Just a little fun fact here, over the last five years, we have paid $20 billion of cash to the bondholders. The $15 billion, that's the reduction in the debt, and the $5 billion is of course, roughly $1 billion in interest payments every year. Twenty billion out of the accounts, from us to them, and we will continue to do that until we get the debt down and we get the interest payments down in parallel, of course.
on the pipeline, if we take a look at that, then I think I'll only comment on one key event, and that is that we've just refiled risperidone LAI for schizophrenia, and we're very optimistic about it. We did a complete quality check of all our clinical data. It looked good, and we refiled it with FDA and hope to be able to launch this product sometime during the first half of next year. If we look at another element of our business, our ESG ratings, then of course you all know that a lot of elements go into this environmental, social, and governance ratings. All the ratings are a little different. We've been able to improve all of these, which we're very happy about.
It goes well hand in hand with the sustainability-linked bonds, where we did the $5 billion refinancing a year ago. We're happy to see this continued improvement. Some of the scales are where you wanna have a high number, others you wanna have a low number. I can tell you that all of these five important ESG ratings have been improved during the last 12 months. To reiterate our long-term financial targets that we communicated a quarter ago, we have four targets. One is the operating income margin. We wanna keep on driving it up and get to 30% in 2027. We need, of course, to keep on driving debt down. You just saw that. It's also on a steady track there. We need to get to around 2x net debt to EBITDA in 2027, and we'll do that.
The cash earnings, of course, have to stay around 80% in order to be able to get the debt down. We are committed to revenue growth. That basically means that we will do it in a combination of organic revenue growth and selected project or product in-licensing to secure that we see revenues growing forward. We are committed to utilizing the cash flow to pay down debt, and we do not plan to raise equity. With that, I'll hand over to Eli Kalif.
Thank you, Kåre, and good morning and good afternoon to everyone. I will begin my review of the third quarter of 2022 financial results on slide 15, starting with our GAAP performance. Revenues in the third quarter of 2022 were $3.6 billion, representing a decrease of 8% or 2% in local currency terms compared to the third quarter of 2021. The decrease in revenues was mainly driven by foreign exchange headwinds in both of our European and international market businesses. In North America, a strong uplift of AUSTEDO partially compensated a decrease in revenues in our generics business, COPAXONE and BENDEKA and TREANDA. In Q3 2022, we recorded a GAAP operating income of $419 million compared to $623 million in Q3 2021.
GAAP net income of $56 million compared to $292 million in Q3 2021, and a GAAP earnings per share of $0.05 compared to $0.26 in the same period a year ago. The year-over-year decline of GAAP operating income, net income, and earnings per share was mainly driven by higher legal settlements and loss contingencies, as well as lower gross profit, and was partially offset by lower operating expenses. In recent months, the global economy has been impacted by fluctuating foreign exchange rates. Approximately 47% of our revenues are denominated in currencies other than US dollars. The strengthening of the US dollar versus other currencies in which we operate negatively impacted our revenues, results of operations, profit, and cash flows.
As Kåre discussed earlier, the continued strengthening of the US dollar versus other currencies during the third quarter of 2022, net hedging effects negatively impacted revenues and GAAP operating income by $215 million and $53 million respectively compared to the third quarter of 2021. On a year-to-date basis, we saw the same trend regarding US dollar appreciation, which net of hedging effects negatively impacted revenues by $510 million compared to the first nine months of 2021. That was a result of the impact of a stronger US dollar, especially versus the euro. I will further discuss the macroeconomic environment as part of a non-GAAP financial outlook review. Turning to slide 16.
You can see that net non-GAAP adjustments in the third quarter of 2022 were $602 million, versus $360 million in Q3 2021. We recorded a legal settlement and loss contingencies of $195 million. This was mainly related to an update of the estimated settlement provision recorded in connection with the remaining opioid cases, as well as an estimated provision recorded for the claims brought by attorneys general representing states and territories throughout the U.S. in the generic drug antitrust litigation. Additional notable non-GAAP adjustments include amortization of purchased intangible assets totaling $165 million, the majority of which is included in the cost of goods sold. Moving to slide 17. For review of our non-GAAP performance, I've already discussed our third quarter revenues, which totaled approximately $3.6 billion.
Now let's move down the P&L and look at the margins. Our non-GAAP gross profit margin was 63% compared to 53.6% in Q3 2021. The decrease in non-GAAP gross profit margin was mainly driven by macroeconomic headwinds affecting our operation costs, as well as low revenue from COPAXONE, partially offset by higher revenue from AUSTEDO and a favorable mix of generics products in our Europe segments. Our non-GAAP operating margin improved to 27.2% versus 26.8% in Q3 2021. This increase was driven mainly by lower spend base, which I will discuss in the next slide. We ended the quarter with a non-GAAP earning per share of $0.59, $0.59 flat compared to Q3 2021. Now, let's take a look at our spend base on slide 18.
As you can see, our quarterly spend base declined by $227 million or by $70 million net of FX impact. Looking at our total spend base on a year-to-date basis, it declined by $594 million or $212 million net of FX. We continue with our ongoing efforts to transform our global operational network and ongoing activities, management of operating expenses. We continue to face a strengthening of the US dollar versus other currencies, as well as spend increase due to inflationary pressures, as we keep focusing our efforts on reducing and optimizing our cost of goods sold.
We expect the overall annual spend base to decrease to $11 billion in 2022. I have mentioned in previous quarters, these ongoing efforts are expected to continue to help us partially mitigate it, the global macroeconomic headwinds, including inflation and higher cost of labor, and eventually lead to stabilizing our operating margin at the level of 28% in 2023, with the ultimate goal of 30% operating margin by end of 2027. Turning to free cash flow on slide 19. Our free cash flow in the third quarter of 2022 was $685 million. I've mentioned in the past, Teva's free cash flow tends to face headwinds at the start of the year. In addition, we face challenges due to a timing of certain items related to our working capital as a result of operation ramp-ups in relation to our annual production plan.
The decrease in our free cash flow in the third quarter of 2022 compared to the third quarter of 2021 resulted mainly from changes in working capital items, primarily a low reduction in our inventories level compared to the third quarter of 2021. Today, we are reaffirming our 2022 free cash flow guidance, which we initially provided in February. Our 2022 free cash flow is expected to be in the range of $1.9 billion-$2.2 billion. We expect the free cash flow generation will pick up during the fourth quarter as we continue to drive working capital improvements. We remain on track to achieve our objective of 80% or greater free cash flow conversion by the end of 2023 as part of our ongoing long-term financial targets. Turning to slide 20.
Our net debt at the end of Q3 2022 was $19 billion, compared to $20.9 billion at the end of 2021. The decrease in our gross debt is related to the bond maturities paid in Q3 2022, as well as the positive effect of exchange rate fluctuations. Our net debt to EBITDA ratio decreased coming in at 4x for Q3 2022. We expect it to further decline as we continue to make progress towards our long-term targets. Debt reduction continues to be our primary focus and main use of cash. Upcoming maturities, including approximately $0.7 billion in the remainder of 2022. Now turning to our non-GAAP financial outlook for 2022 on slide 21. I described earlier how the strengthening of the US dollar versus other currencies in which we operated negatively impact our revenue, earnings, and cash flow.
Additionally, high levels of inflation have recently resulted in significant economic volatility and monetary tightening by central banks. We have implemented certain measures in response to such macroeconomic pressures and are continually considering various initiatives to allow us to mitigate and offset the impact of these macroeconomic factors. The higher costs we have experienced during the recent period have already impacted our operations and will likely continue to have an effect on our financial results.
At current rates, we still expect the fluctuation related to the strengthening of the US dollar versus other currencies to have an unfavorable impact on revenues, and therefore, consistent with what we had communicated in July, at this time, it's prudent to adjust our guidance range for our full revenue from the previous range of $15 billion-$15.6 billion to the new range of $14.8 billion-$15.4 billion. This lowers the midpoint of our range by $200 million. We are reaffirming our full-year 2022 guidance range for operating income, EBITDA, earnings per share, and free cash flow. Although we were able to absorb some of the inflationary pressure this year and partly mitigated certain spend categories, we may still face volatile environment, and as such, we are keeping the broader outlook range for these items.
This concludes my review of Teva results for the third quarter of 2022. Now we will open the line for Q&A. Operator, if you would, please.
Thank you. As a reminder, to ask a question, you will need to press star one and one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To ensure everyone has the opportunity to ask a question today, please limit yourself to just two questions. We will now take the first question. It comes from the line of Elliot Wilbur from Raymond James. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Thanks. Good morning. Just first question on free cash flow and maybe just thinking a little bit about longer-term dynamics there. Just trying to incorporate the pending opioid litigation settlements and sort of think about, you know, what could potentially be a new floor on that number. We've kind of, I guess, sort of I've been thinking about a floor in terms of free cash flow around $2 billion and obviously expecting somewhere north of $350 million to be paid out annually in connection with the settlements.
You know, in thinking about sort of, you know, what could be the new floor over the next couple of years, I mean, is it reasonable to subtract that from sort of the lower end of the baseline number that we've been talking about for the last couple of years of $1.9-$2.2 ? Or do you still think that it's reasonable to assume that that $2 billion floor is defensible going forward, even with the litigation settlements. If I could just ask you to provide some more granularity or color into performance trends within the North American segment, specifically thinking about, you know, biosimilar trends and then obviously what's happening with respect to U.S. generics because, you know, certainly the number was quite a bit below expectations. I was just trying to get a little bit more insight into the dynamics there. Thanks.
Thanks, Elliot. I'll give you a quick answer on the free cash flow, and then Sven will give you some more details on North America and the biosimilars and generics. The free cash flow that we're expecting in the coming years is that you're talking about, at the level of $2 billion. That is taking into account what you also mentioned quite correctly, someplace close to $350 million cash outlay per year. We don't see any dramatic changes to that. The whole nationwide agreement is based, as you know, on a 13-year payment schedule with equal installments. Actually, the New York settlement that we just did is partly the nationwide and partly an even longer payment schedule of the trial bump you can call, which is over 18 years.
That's not putting additional pressure on our cash flow. I can also just ask Eli Kalif if you have a quick comment, and then we'll move on to Sven.
Thanks, Kåre. Yes, Elliot, thanks for the question. I think that, you know, part of our plans to reach the 80% cash conversion is also management of working capital. You can say that level that Kåre mentioned, around $2 billion, it's a kind of a combination of our efforts to generate more cash on working capital improvements as well, from the business. I would say that we're safely there.
Thanks. Sven, if you comment on North America sales.
Yes. Hi, Elliot. For North America sales, the sales come in below our run rate or target run rate of $1 billion. I think we said in the last quarter that we had a strong first half with the launch of a generic Revlimid, resulting in sales above this run rate. In the second half of 2022, we do not have any significant additional launches. For that reason, the generic sales run rate is below this, one billion US dollars. This will only improve in 2023 when we anticipate more launches into the U.S. generics business. Other than this, our biosimilar sales were quite stable in Q3. We have a stable volume market share in the U.S. business that has stabilized over the last month.
On the generic price erosion level, I think also here we see some improved rates as compared to what we've seen a year ago. It is an incremental stabilization across various product categories. We always analyze it by different product categories, and we expect this to continue in 2023. We have on the price erosion side, I think a stable outlook. On the sales side, as I said, it will improve with more product launches coming into our generics business.
Thank you, Sven. Let's have a next question.
Thank you. We will now take the next question. It comes from the line of Glen Santangelo from Jefferies. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Yeah, thanks and good morning. Thanks for taking the question. Hey, Kåre, I just wanted to talk and go back to some of your long-term targets. I think what investors are really focused on here is trying to understand, you know, the transition of the growth algorithm on the revenue side back into positive territory. You gave a lot of detail, you know, last quarter about, you know, the 13 biosimilars in development. You know, we didn't really talk much on this call about, you know, the biosimilar for Humira, you know, potentially coming in the middle of next year.
You know, to the previous question, you were just talking about the wave of sort of generics, you know, that are coming over next year and actually the next four years, I think you sort of laid out on the last call. I was wondering, you know, if you could maybe give us a little bit more detailed thoughts, you know, around that growth algorithm and what it will take to sort of inflect the revenues back into positive territory. If you have any early thoughts on 2023, not that you wanna give guidance or anything, but how we should think about that, you know, sort of revenue transition taking into consideration the continued headwinds from COPAXONE and the generics in North America. Thanks.
Yeah, thanks, Glen. Good question. Let me give you a bit more details, and some of it is, of course, a repeat of what I explained already a quarter ago. If you look at the generic piece of the revenues, then first of all, we have a stable business outside the U.S., which will have a single-digit positive growth. That's Europe, that's international markets. As you know, the pricing there is quite stable. We are, you know, in the top three in all the European markets and also doing well in international markets. That piece is sort of growing, you could say low single-digit, and that's very stable. Then we have the U.S. marketplace, where we will, in the coming years, have a substantial number of biosimilar launches.
Next year, we can just mention, as you said, biosimilar Humira, potentially biosimilar Stelara. Of course, you never know exactly how it plays out. You never know how, exactly how big a share you get. We think we're the, if not the best, then one of the best to manage the whole commercial part of a biosimilar launch. We think we've proved that with Truxima has done substantially more than $1 billion in sales already. We think we know how to do it, and we got the products coming in. We also have quite a number of complex generics. Some we've been waiting for a while to get the FDA approvals. Others are just coming on now, and we are quite optimistic about getting some of those approvals as well.
That, of course, on the generic side, adds to a positive, also single-digit, growth on generics. Then the last piece of this goes on the innovative products where you're absolutely right that COPAXONE will continue to decline. As you've also just seen today, AUSTEDO and AJOVY will continue to increase. Just, you know, a little fun fact, last year, the COPAXONE that's declining was roughly equal to AUSTEDO and AJOVY that's increasing combined. I think, COPAXONE did $1 billion. The other two together did $1.1 billion, something like that. This year, as you've just seen in the guidance, COPAXONE will be around $700 million. The two others combined will be about $1.4 billion.
That shows you that now we're getting to the point where it's like, instead of COPAXONE being the biggest one and then getting to be the same, now it's half of what AUSTEDO and AJOVY is doing. Which basically means that in the coming years, that dynamic year by year will get better. This year, it's close to break even. You could say the loss on COPAXONE is the same as the gain, but in the coming years, the gains on AUSTEDO and AJOVY will be bigger than the losses on COPAXONE. Again, that will contribute to growth in the innovative medicines. Of course, risperidone LAI, assuming that we get that launched, which I'm very optimistic about in the first half of next year, that will also contribute to growth.
All in all these different elements are pointing in the right direction towards what we mentioned, which is single-digit growth in 2027 on the revenue line. Thank you for the question.
Thanks for the details.
Thank you. As a reminder, if you wish to ask a question, please press star one and one on your telephone. We will now take the next question. It comes from the line of Umer Raffat from Evercore. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Good morning, guys. Thanks for taking my question. I wanted to focus on biosimilar Humira. Do you think you need an inspection to get the approval on the upcoming BsUFA, or do you think you can get an approval without a new FDA inspection? Can you confirm for us that the interchangeable version is the one that has the BsUFA coming up, not the one that had the CRL? Secondly, this 749 schizophrenia molecule that's now in phase III, can you tell us a little more about what the molecule is and what you've seen in phase I? Because it was not on clinical trials. Thank you very much.
Thank you very much, Umer. I will have Sven answer you on Humira and interchangeability and inspections and so on. I'll tell you about the antipsychotic that's going into phase III.
Hi, Umer. The second question was on the interchangeability action date. Yes, the action date that is coming up in December is on the interchangeability BLA. The other question was whether there is a site reinspection necessary. Just as a reminder, the file and the FDA interactions are managed by Alvotech, not by us. I believe Alvotech already published that they are in discussions with the FDA about the site reinspection and how it will be conducted.
Thank you, Sven. On TEV-749, that is a long-acting version of olanzapine, and it's very promising. As you know, it's the same prolongation methodology that's been used for risperidone LAI. I'm sure you've seen the phase III data there, which are excellent, both for once-monthly and once every second month therapy. As we all know, there's a big need for better long-acting therapies for schizophrenia, simply due to the fact that that's a way to secure adherence. Any relapse in schizophrenia has a potential damaging effect on the cognitive capabilities of the patients. With olanzapine, there's been a warning for a drowsiness syndrome. You basically fall asleep. That's because if you take a long-acting olanzapine, then it's an intramuscular injection.
There's a risk that the drug gets in your bloodstream and that you simply faint or fall asleep. For that reason, right now, you have to sit three hours in the doctor's office and wait after you get the injection, which means that very few people actually use it. On the other hand, we are developing a subcutaneous version here where we think there'll be no risk of this, which means it'll be a lot more convenient, easy to use for the nurse, for the doctor, for the patient. We're very excited about that. Thank you for the questions. Next questions, please.
Thank you. We will now take the next question. One moment, please. The next question comes from the line of Jason Gerberry from Bank of America Securities. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Thanks for taking my questions. Just a follow-up on the biosimilar Humira situation. As we think specifically about 2023, if approval does get pushed into maybe the second quarter or middle of next year, is there a risk that from a contracting perspective, you're unable to participate in the market, specifically in 2023?
Or do you see that as a dynamic process that that'll kind of reopen for bidding every quarter? Then just a follow-up on the rising European energy cost dynamic and how that impacts your business. Could you give us a sense, I assume that most of that's gonna be in your COGS line, and you know, what proportion of your business, you know, is more exposed to these inflationary pressures? Just trying to get a sense of, you know, how to put in context your commentary about increasing efficiency to sort of mitigate those headwinds. Thanks.
Thanks. Again, Sven will give you an outlook on biosimilar Humira, and then I'll talk to you about the energy costs.
Hi Jason. On the biosimilar Humira, we are in talks with our customers, the three, large PBMs and all other, customers, for the commercial side of the business to contract for 2023. All these preparations run according to plan. We are also preparing according to plan our marketing and sales and supply chain, strategies. That's all on track, and we are working closely with Alvotech to make everything work to be launch ready by, July 1st. In the contracting itself, of course, you only contract once you launch in, July. This is how the settlement agreements with AbbVie have been structured.
I don't expect that we will see in biosimilars a quarterly renewal of bids or businesses like you see on the generic side because the customer is different, it's PBMs and not the big wholesaling groups that you contract with. Secondly, the supply chain and how the supplies work are too, I would say, complicated to allow fast switchovers between different biosimilars. Once you are in the business, you should be, let's say, enjoying the business for a longer period, like or as compared to a generics bidding that we see in the U.S. generics market.
Thank you, Sven. On the energy cost, that's as you said, specifically in Europe, that's an issue. Let me first of all make it very clear that all our factories have taken precautions and done modifications to energy systems and so on, so that we can continue operating uninterrupted despite the changes in the European energy markets. We have also secured supplies of various types of energy, including the gas that we need, the oil that we need, and so on. There's an inflationary effect this year, which is included in our numbers, and as you said, it's in the COGS line, in the cost of goods sold line. To some extent that is modified by some of the hedging we do on our energy contracts.
Next year, we have also made sure to contract most of our energy, of course, at somewhat higher prices. You have noticed that the prices have been coming down again over the last month or so after a peak. We are seeing things relatively normalizing. Of course, some of the efficiency gains we are doing will be eaten up by this. That has happened already this year to the extent we've been covering these increased costs, and it's gonna happen again next year. It's not dramatic. It's something we can manage. As I said from an operational point of view, we are completely safe. From a cost point of view, we're doing our best to reduce the total impact of these increases in energy prices. Thanks for the question. Next questions, please.
Thank you. We will now take the next question. It comes from the line of Gary Nachman from BMO Capital. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Hi, good morning. This is Denis Reznik on for Gary Nachman. Thank you for taking our questions. Just in regards to business development, can you talk about the characteristics of potential assets you're looking at and kind of where and how they fit into the overall pipeline? Then if you can just kind of quantify and classify the current BD landscape in general, are there many interesting assets out there worth in licensing? Thank you.
Thanks for that question. In the BD area, what we are really looking for is we are looking for individual products or individual projects that will fit nicely with the portfolio we have. Both our R&D portfolio, which is focused on neuroscience and immunology, and our commercial portfolio, which is quite broad. We are not looking to buy companies. We don't have the money for it, we don't have the appetite for it, but we are looking to find products that will fit nicely with our commercial footprint already. We've done quite a number of deals. If you might have noticed, we have done deals in the biosimilar area. We just talked about the Alvotech deal. We've also done deals in Europe on biosimilar Lucentis recently.
We've done deals with a different research group on earlier projects such as MODAG, where we're looking into neuroscience and other exciting deals. That's really what you should think about, that we are looking for project or product specific deals that can strengthen our portfolio, either in the marketplace to drive revenues shorter- term or in our R&D portfolio. Thank you for the question. Next question, please.
Thank you. We will now take the next question. It comes from the line of Ash Verma from UBS. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking our question. I had two. One is just this, Alvotech partnered biosimilar products like Stelara and Eylea. Are they coming from the same facility, and is that something that needs to be resolved as well? That's first. The second one on AUSTEDO. Wanted to check on the DTC since it's a very promotion sensitive market. I know you launched a campaign in mid 2021. Has that been renewed or do you intend to continue DTC? Because this is an important drug in your portfolio, and I think your competitor is making a lot of investment on the DTC front.
Thank you for those two questions. Sven will handle both of them.
Yes. The Alvotech facility or the products that you mentioned, Stelara, Eylea and Humira and the others that we contracted, the drug substance is manufactured in the same facility that is also now subject to this FDA discussion on Humira. The drug product itself, the manufacturing is in several locations and with several subcontractors set up in Europe. We reviewed the setup. I think it's adequate to suppliers and we are also confident that the FDA discussion will turn out positive in the end. That's on track. On the question on AUSTEDO, we did not continue our TV campaign. We had a very effective TV campaign, but in Q3 we did not continue it.
We analyzed that our targets of patient activation and an expansion of our prescriber base have been achieved and our analysis suggests that we can generate the best return on our marketing investments now downstream, moving from patient activation to the area of sales force effectiveness, sales force deployment, the patient titration and adherence management. That does not exclude, of course, that we would return to TV, but at the moment we believe you get the highest return on marketing spend in downstream activities. Thank you for the question.
Next question, please.
Thank you. We will now take the next question. It comes from the line of David Amsellem from Piper Sandler. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Thanks. So I just wanted to drill down on product concentration in the North American generic business. What portion of the business comes from the EpiPen generic and also TRUXIMA? I guess where I'm going with this is I'm trying to get a better read onto, you know, the relative importance of those two products to the business. How are you thinking about the competitive landscape for TRUXIMA going forward? And then same question on EpiPen, bearing in mind that there are some companies developing some non-injectable alternative dosage forms of epinephrine. How are you thinking about that as well? Thank you.
Thank you for that question. I'll pass it on to Sven.
Yes. Thank you for the question. TRUXIMA and EpiPen are of course core anchors in our generics portfolio. I would say we have another, if you do an ABC analysis about the sales and the gross margin that we generate in generics out of the roundabout 300 net products that we have in North America. Of course we have the Canadian business as well. We have I believe a healthy and very classic concentration of anchor products like TRUXIMA and EpiPen. We have a couple of inhaler products or asthma products that are anchor products as well, and patches and complex injectables. That's a quite good, I would say and healthy portfolio distribution. And they are very stable and resilient.
That is also one of the reasons why Teva in its pipeline for North America is committed to the development of complex generics, among them, many of them that we already discussed here, ProAir, RESTASIS and so forth. Because we believe that over time you can drive a very stable and resilient generics business with these type of, complex products. The second question was I-
Just on the competition. Is anything expected on Epi and TRUXIMA?
Yeah. On EpiPen, I don't think that we will get a generic substitutable EpiPen, the second one or third one in, into the market. I think here the competition is more happening with the products that are 505(b)(2) developments, that come with new modes of action or a different convenience for the patient. That of course will also find its market. EpiPen as a brand in our generic are of course very well established in this category as the market leaders. Everybody knows how to use them, and for that reason we don't see a dramatic shift in market share distribution in this category.
Yeah. On TRUXIMA we can just say, as Sven has already alluded to, we have a stable market share. We're very happy about the performance there, and we don't expect any major upheavals in that market. Thank you for all the questions. Next question please.
There are no further questions on the phone at this time. Please continue.
Thank you very much. Thank you everyone for listening in and have a nice day.
That does conclude our conference for today. Thank you for participating. You may all disconnect.