Hello, and welcome to Colliers International third quarter 2021 investors conference call. Today's call is being recorded. Legal counsel requires us to advise that the discussion scheduled to take place today may contain forward-looking statements that involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Actual results may be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements contemplated in the forward-looking statements. Additional information concerning factors that could cause actual results to materially differ from those in the forward-looking statements is contained in the company's annual information form as filed with the Canadian Securities Administrators and in the company's annual report on Form 40-F as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. As a reminder, today's call is being recorded.
Today is November the 2nd, 2021 , and at this time, for opening re-remarks and introductions, I would like to turn the call over to the Global Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Jay Hennick. Please go ahead, sir.
Thank you, operator. Good morning, and thanks for joining us for the third quarter conference call. As the operator mentioned, I'm Jay Hennick, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the company, and with me today is Christian Mayer, Chief Financial Officer. As always, this call is being webcast and is available in the investor relations section of our website. A presentation slide deck is also there to accompany today's call. Earlier today, Colliers delivered strong results for the third quarter with continued momentum across all service lines. Here are some of the highlights. Investment management again generated strong results for the quarter, raised a record $4.9 billion in capital commitments so far this year, and finished the quarter with AUM or assets under management of more than $46 billion.
Capital markets and leasing were both up significantly over the prior year, while our recurring outsource and advisory segment, including engineering and design, property and project management, and mortgage servicing and valuation, also delivered solid internal growth. Given these strong results and the continued momentum we are seeing, we now expect Colliers to exceed the top end of the previously provided outlook, as you'll hear from Christian in just a few minutes. During the quarter, we released our Elevate the Built Environment framework designed to embed ESG practices across our organization. We are implementing specific targets to reduce carbon emissions, and we have committed to net zero in our own operations by 2030. Expect more of our ESG efforts coming in the upcoming quarters. Last week, Colliers formally announced its new Enterprise 2025 growth strategy, setting out ambitious growth targets for 2025.
Over the next five years, we will strive to double our profitability and generate more than 60% of our Adjusted EBITDA from recurring services. As shareholders know, our five-year plans have always been an important roadmap for our company. If we're able to achieve our new Enterprise 2025 growth plan, it will be very good news for shareholders. After quarter end, we announced two acquisitions, Antirion and Colliers Italy, both of which are expected to close by the end of the first quarter of 2022. Antirion, one of the largest investment management firms in Italy with more than $4 billion in AUM, will augment our Colliers Global Investors platform, while Colliers Italy adds another market leader to our strong company-owned services business in Europe.
Yesterday, we completed the previously announced acquisition of Bergmann, which provides additional scale and further diversifies our rapidly growing engineering and design business. The bottom line is this. Colliers continues to seize opportunities and to think differently as we lead our company and our industry into the future. We are one of the top global players in the business with a global brand and platform second to none, and we have a highly diversified business model, diversified by revenue, by client, by asset class, and by geography. We're also more resilient than ever, with more than 50% of our revenues coming from higher-value recurring revenue streams. With our proven track record of more than 26 years, unique enterprising culture, differentiated and diversified business model, and significant inside ownership, Colliers is better positioned than ever to continue to create value for its shareholders one step at a time.
Now, let me turn things over to Christian for comment. Christian?
Thank you, Jay. As announced earlier today, Colliers reported strong third quarter financial results. My comments follow the flow of the slides posted on the investor relations section of colliers.com to accompany this call. Please note that the non-GAAP measures referenced on this call are as defined in the press release issued today. All references to revenue growth are expressed in local currency. Third quarter 2021 revenues were $1.02 billion, up 46% relative to the prior year period, with continued momentum from earlier quarters. Revenues were up strongly across all service lines, particularly capital markets and investment management. Growth for the quarter was virtually all internally generated. Compared to 2019 pre-pandemic levels, capital markets revenues were up 34% and leasing was up 8%, with office leasing recovering to within 5% of 2019 levels.
Our Q3 consolidated Adjusted EBITDA was $124 million, up 32% from $92 million reported one year ago, with margins at 12.1% versus 13.3% in the prior-year quarter. Our margin was impacted by performance-based incentive compensation, the reinstatement of variable costs and higher support staffing costs, all due to the strong rebound in transaction activity levels. Americas Q3 revenues were $617 million, up 45% over the prior-year period. Capital Markets revenues were up 92%, driven by significant increases in industrial and multi-family sales transaction activity. Leasing revenues were up 34%, largely due to stronger industrial and office leasing activity across the region versus the prior-year period. Office leasing activity showed steady improvement in Q3, although remained below pre-pandemic levels.
Outsourcing and advisory revenues were up 24%, driven by strong internal growth in engineering and design, valuation and mortgage services. Adjusted EBITDA for the region was $66 million, up 20% from last year, with the margin impacted by performance-based incentive compensation from strong year-over-year growth in operating results, the reinstatement of certain variable costs and higher support staffing costs. Third quarter EMEA revenues were $155 million, up 29% with strong revenue increases in each service line, particularly leasing and capital markets. Adjusted EBITDA for the region was $15 million, up from $8 million last year on higher revenues and continued savings from pandemic-related cost measures. In the Asia Pacific region, third quarter revenues were $172 million, up 51% relative to the prior year period, with all service lines reporting robust growth led by capital markets and leasing.
On a geographic basis, growth was led by Australia, New Zealand and China. Adjusted EBITDA was $21 million compared to $13 million last year, with the increase attributable to operating leverage and continued cost management in light of the pandemic. Certain parts of Australia, New Zealand and Japan were under pandemic stay-at-home orders during the quarter, which made our operating results all the more impressive. Investment management revenues were $78 million, up 87% versus the prior year period. After eliminating the impact of pass-through carried interest, revenues were up 50% driven by management fee growth. Assets under management were $46 billion at quarter end, up 27% from one year ago, and reflected another record quarter of fundraising following on the record capital commitments achieved in the first and second quarters.
Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was $28 million, up from $15 million generated in the prior year period, reflecting solid operating leverage on incremental management fee revenue. Our consolidated operating cash flow for the first nine months of 2021 was $211 million. However, adjusting for the non-recurring cash component of the LTIA settlement, cash flow was $307 million, almost triple the 104 million generated in the same period in 2020. Cash flow impacted by a combination of higher earnings and a reduction of working capital usage, which was elevated during the pandemic last year. Capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30th, 2021 were $44 million, a significant increase from the prior year and reflected in investments in leaseholds in several markets, including certain markets where we deferred relocations and expansions during the pandemic.
For the full year 2021, we expect CapEx to be in the range of $55 million-$60 million. Almost 1/3 of this CapEx will be landlord funded leasehold improvements, reducing the net cash capital expenditures to approximately $40 million. Turning to our debt capital structure, our leverage ratio, as defined as net debt to pro forma Adjusted EBITDA was 0.5x at September 30th, 2021. After quarter end, we issued 300 million in U.S. and euro-denominated senior notes due 2031 and paid down our revolving credit facility in full. As a result, we now have well over $1 billion of liquidity available to fund future acquisitions and ongoing operations. In addition to this liquidity, our capital structure has low leverage, low borrowing rates and laddered debt maturities extending to 2031.
With all this in place, we believe we are perfectly positioned to execute on our Enterprise 2025 growth plan. Given the strong results reported for Q3 and continued momentum, we're updating and increasing our financial outlook for the full year 2021. We now expect to exceed the top end of the previous outlook. We expect that Adjusted EBITDA could be 40%-45% above 2020 levels. The new outlook includes two months of the Bergmann acquisition completed yesterday and is subject to the risks and uncertainties as outlined in the accompanying slides. That concludes my prepared remarks. I would now like to open the call for questions. Operator, can you please open the line?
Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, as a reminder, to ask a question, you will need to press star then one on your telephone. To withdraw your question, press the pound key. Again, that's star one to ask the question. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. Our first question comes from the line of Stephen MacLeod with BMO Capital Markets. Your line is open.
Thank you. Good morning, guys.
Thanks, Steve.
Morning. I just had a couple of questions that I wanted to follow up on, specifically around the operating costs. I mean, I know the operating costs came down a lot through the pandemic, and previously, Christian, you've given numbers around sort of where you are on a run rate basis. Can you talk about how much of those costs have actually come back into the system?
Yes, Steve, I think the majority of the costs are back in the system, particularly in the Americas, as we saw. The EMEA and Asia PAC regions are still benefiting from some of those operating cost reductions. You can see that in the margins in the quarter. Yeah, you know, I think we've managed very prudently over the past year and a half, and we're trying to remain as disciplined as possible in terms of returning costs to the system as we emerge from the pandemic.
Great. Thanks. That's helpful. My second question is more high level here. You released your five-year plan last week, which is another great five-year outlook. I'm just wondering if you can talk a little bit about sort of some of the key drivers that may lead you to potentially outperform that five-year outlook and where you're seeing the majority of growth when you think about doubling EBITDA over that time period.
Well, first of all, we think it's an ambitious plan over the next five years, and you know, we think it speaks for itself. You know, Steve, you've been with us for a long time. We've done this two or three times in the past, and there's a lot of rigor that goes around the plan. We're pleased that we're able to issue it now. We would have normally issued it earlier. Given the pandemic, we slowed the ball down a little bit. I think we have a very clear path on growing internally and through acquisition.
We are going to be more strategic around the additions that we make to our business, you know, focusing on more recurring and long duration revenue streams because we think that it enhances the value of our overall company. I think our peers are in the same boat. We have not been particularly pleased with the market valuation of companies in our sector and believe that part of the reason for that is the less or lower level of recurring revenue streams. As you can see, over the past two years, ours has elevated considerably.
If we continue to do that, we're hoping that, in addition to driving great results operationally, we can also, you know, attract a better valuation for a great global business with unlimited growth opportunities. We just see so many ways to grow this business, and having a global platform allows us to do that very well in the coming years.
That's great color . Thank you, Jay. Maybe just finally, with respect to the engineering and design business, you cited it as a good contributor to this quarter's Americas growth. I'm just wondering what you're seeing in terms of engagements in the pipeline in that business.
You know, pipelines have been higher than prior year. One of the benefits of continuing to grow the business is that you add credibility, you add disciplines, you add additional service potential to the business. We believe the addition of Bergmann will open up some existing doors within the Colliers Engineering & Design business and vice versa. We're seeing or expect to see the pipelines grow for that reason, but also with all of the stimulus discussions that you're reading about in the paper, you know, virtually in every country, in every budget, we believe that we are gonna be a beneficiary of that, as we move forward.
Great. Thank you, guys. That's it for me. Thank you.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Stephen Sheldon with William Blair. Your line is open.
Hey, thanks. Good morning. I guess just first, relative to what you were previously expecting with your guidance, what have been the biggest surprises on the way things have progressed over the last two to three months, especially across the different service lines and then also across the geographies?
Yeah, Stephen, we have, as you know, pretty good visibility on the recurring revenue side of our business. Not any significant surprises there. Certainly, you know, on the transactional side, we have been continuing to see very strong capital markets activity, and a rebound in leasing activity. You know, industrial leasing, office leasing, stronger than expected, you know, when we sat here three months ago, certainly. Those have been very strong contributors to our performance.
Got it. That's helpful. I just wanted to ask about the labor supply challenges out there. You know, is that a notable headwind as you think about this quarter? Or, I guess, could it become more of one as you think about the next few quarters? Would love to just get your thoughts on kind of that topic.
Yeah. It's definitely an issue that we are noticing. You know, there are more broad economic and I guess demographic social trends post-pandemic that are happening. There are elevated levels of turnover across all sectors of the economy and in the professional services sector as well, and that does affect our employee base. We're managing you know as best we can through that. It has not had a material impact on our business to date. Although you know when you think about some of our professionals you know it's difficult to recruit engineers and project managers and those types of folks.
One of our biggest factors constraining our growth will be, you know, the recruitment of those types of professionals going forward, because certainly, as Jay mentioned, the pipelines are very strong, and the business activity is gonna be very strong. It's just a matter of getting the staff to complete those assignments.
You know, I'd add something else, Steven. You know, as you know, a lot of our business is performance driven, and our people are generally paid at the higher levels of, you know, the compensation scale. When you're in the business of janitorial and other markets like that, where you're duty bound to provide a whole bunch of low-level employees to a building, you know, there's a serious gap in providing those services. I think everybody's impacted, but I think our structure at Colliers and our focus on higher value services has really held us in good stead versus others who are, you know, duty bound to be providing thousands and thousands and thousands of low-level employees on the building side.
Makes sense. Thank you.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Daryl Young with TD Securities. Your line is open.
Good morning, guys.
Hey, Daryl.
Just with respect to the five-year plan, I'm just wondering if there's a focus embedded in there on returning to some of the gateway cities. I know you've been somewhat over-indexed to the secondary markets historically, but just wondering if that's a core part of the plan going forward.
You know, it always is. We do it market for market. Where do we have gaps? Where is there growth opportunities? Where can we top grade our people to perhaps generate better returns? The other thing that we're in the early stages of, and I think it's very exciting, is cross-market opportunities and how do we best cover clients that are multi-market clients globally, nationally, regionally. We've made great progress there, but I think we've got a lot of room to grow in our occupier services business, in our capital markets, in our debt capital markets.
It's the same groups of clients that are operating in the United States and Europe and in a variety of other markets, and how best to cover those occupiers, how best to cover those investors in real estate is an opportunity and a big gap for all of the players in this industry. We see a big opportunity there.
Okay, great. Just thinking about the growth in that strategy, you've historically had a really nicely balanced organic and M&A mix. Would you see more M&A going forward or M&A contributing a greater proportion of the growth in this next five-year plan than historical?
I think maybe that's a fair comment. Not materially different, but I think it is different. You know, as we've grown and matured and become really global in our M&A activities, one of our competitive advantages is our great leadership teams around the world. They are actively looking market for market to accelerate their own growth and meet their own five-year plans, and they're all heavily incentivized to do that, so, more so than ever. I think, M&A will play a bigger role in the execution of our five-year plan, yes.
Okay, perfect. One just last one on margins. In the quarter, was there anything unique in terms of incentive rules or anything that would have pushed margins down further? Or is this sort of more the run rate going forward now that all the discretionary costs have come back and then we would see kind of margins grind higher over the next couple of years?
Well, Daryl, our incentive plans are based on year-over-year EBITDA growth. Because of the low base from 2020, the accruals this year are elevated. The plans haven't changed. It's just the baseline is lower and the growth this year is higher. You're seeing that in the results.
There was no bonuses last year.
There were no bonuses paid last year to anyone. In fact, people took pay cuts last year when we were in the depths of the pandemic. Going forward, those incentive accruals in 2022 will be less, you know, as things return to a more normal growth conditions. This year, we're just seeing you know, the impact of the elevated level of growth year-over-year.
Gotcha. Perfect. Thanks very much, guys. Congrats on the good result.
Thanks.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Frederic Bastien with Raymond James. Your line is open.
Hey, good morning, guys.
Hey, Fred.
The EBITDA you generated by investment management represented a step change over what we've seen in the past. Now, given your successes in fundraising and also the acquisition that you're hoping to close early next year, how should we think about the segment's performance over the next four or five quarters?
Well, as you probably know, it's all a function of capital raised. You know, about half the business currently is open-ended funds. There's very great consistency quarter over quarter, depending upon how much money is deployed. As we raise additional opportunistic funds, you know, it also drives the revenue and because it's a high margin business, the EBITDA up as well. I think, as long as we continue to raise capital and we're hitting new records for the organization, it bodes well for continued increases in revenue and EBITDA in that segment.
If I just, you know, straight line the quarterly performance, you're now over $100 million in EBITDA annually. Is that a fair kind of run rate that we should be thinking about with added growth?
There is one point I should make here, Fred, before I jump to that conclusion. That is that we completed fundraising for one of our opportunistic funds, Fund VIII, and during the quarter. When that happens, there are management fees that are earned going back to the first close, which was in Q4 2020. There was a more pronounced amount of management fee earned in the third quarter because of that completion, the catch-up fees and the completion of that fundraising activity. I think while the growth trajectory is gonna be very strong, I would not at this point, you know, straight line out year projections.
The growth will occur on a more normalized slope.
Okay. Awesome. Thanks for that clarification. Switching gears to Colliers Engineering & Design, is the focus over the next five years to gain continued mass, critical mass in the U.S., or do you see this business potentially extending its footprint to other regions like?
Yes, it's very much a growth story. We have great critical mass on the East Coast of the U.S., so there's lots of opportunity in the U.S. We believe that it fits beautifully within what we do at Colliers. We are being approached by other engineering firms around the world that are intrigued by the unique partnership philosophy that we offer. I wouldn't be surprised over the five-year plan that you would see engineering continue to accelerate its growth in other regions around the world under a brand that's truly a global and institutionally recognized brand, which is becoming more and more helpful with clients around the world.
Great, thanks. Last one for me. Christian, can you repeat where you expect to end the year in terms of EBITDA growth? My line cut off when you said that.
We expect to exceed the top end of our previous outlook, and in terms of EBITDA, that could be in the 40%-45% range relative to 2020.
Okay. Thanks for clarifying that. Thanks. That's all I have. Good quarter.
Thanks, Brendan.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of George Doumet with Scotiabank. Your line is open.
I think last call you guys mentioned that office leasing was down 29% from pre-pandemic levels. Do you have the number as to where we are today? Maybe some color there, Jay, as to when you expect, or maybe you can possibly see that number surpass pandemic levels at all? Any color on that office category.
Yeah. George, you're fading in and out a little bit on the call, but I think if I hear your question right, you're asking about office leasing. Yes, it was down significantly versus prior levels in Q2. In Q3, office leasing had recovered to within 5% of 2019 levels, and if that answers your question.
Yeah. Thank you. Would you expect that to maybe surpass those levels next year? Any thoughts there?
Well, we certainly are optimistic that that will occur. You know, we don't know what the timing of that's gonna be, but certainly next year is, you know, within reason that we will see the full rebound in office leasing around the world.
Okay, thanks. I think earlier you mentioned that operational costs were back in the Americas. I believe prior to the pandemic, there was a plan to improve those margins in the Americas by 250+ basis points. I'm just wondering how much of that is left, maybe how much of that is baked into our five-year plan and anything you can provide on maybe timing there.
Yeah. George, as I mentioned, you know, the elevated operating costs in the third quarter are a function of the year-over-year performance-based incentives that are very strong, very high this year given the low base last year. As we look ahead for the next five years, we certainly expect margin enhancement, you know, modest enhancement each year in the Americas region, you know, as we become more efficient, as we execute on some of our operating plans.
Okay. Just one last one, if I may. Looking at the five-year plan we have, what's baked in for organic revenue growth for the transactional business, excluding this year's recovery? So just kind of wondering maybe on a more normalized basis, so maybe from next year onwards to 2025, how should we think of that organic growth for that business line?
George, it'll be in the, you know, the low- to mid-single digits range for the transactional business. That's consistent with where our expectations in our last five-year plan. Certainly, we hope we can exceed that, but you know, that's the thinking in the plan.
Okay, great. Thanks for your answers as well.
Thank you. As a reminder, ladies and gentlemen, that's star one to ask the question. Our next question comes from the line of Scott Thompson with CIBC. Your line is open.
Thank you, and good morning, gentlemen. Just wondering, are you seeing market share gains in any particular regions or business lines?
I think we're seeing market share gains all over the place. You know, when we look at our peers' results and we see market comps, we continue to take share. Our revenues are up significantly, as you heard, in most markets. In this business, it's always about market for market. Some markets that used to be strong are not as strong for a variety of reasons. It's a constant battle to top grade our professionals and to ensure that we get our fair share and hopefully more. I would say market share continues to grow and the quality of the brand continues to get enhanced.
We hear constantly from clients that they're using Colliers more and more. I think some of our more sophisticated service lines, investment management, our debt capital operations have all helped to elevate the stature of the Colliers brand in markets all around the world.
Does this also reflect the composition of the buyers and sellers? Or maybe in other words, are you seeing more activity from global investors?
Global investors are way more active and the opportunity to take a Canadian global investor to a different market is bigger today than ever before. Capital flows, market for market. It was sort of a comment I made earlier today. We see it as a big opportunity, a big white space for us and probably for most of our peers because I think capital flows today, market for market, are way more than ever before.
Thanks, Jay. I'll leave it there.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Matt Logan with RBC Capital Markets. Your line is open.
Thank you and good morning.
Hey, Matt.
Jay, since this will be my last conference call, I'm wondering if you could humor me and talk about some of the lessons you've learned building successful companies over the past 25 years, and how these lessons will help you achieve your ambitious 2025 targets.
Whoa, that's loaded. Do you have an hour? Look, I think it all comes down to culture. One of the things that we've been able to accomplish both in the other company, FirstService and Colliers, is a unique operating culture that's very, very hard to replicate. We have exceptional teams of people. In the case of Colliers, they're global. They're placed globally. They have compensation systems that pay them handsomely for delivering handsome results. All of these types and our way of operating is very entrepreneurial, so it attracts the kinds of people that wanna make a difference and don't just wanna punch a clock and move the chairs around on the Titanic.
I think that it's culture more than anything else that makes the difference. You know, if I were in the business of allocating capital to public companies, I think it all comes down to the culture and the ethos of a company and how they've delivered over a lot of years. You know, we're very proud of our performance and continue to believe that our culture will sustain us over our five-year plan and beyond.
Agreed. Turning to your recurring services, one thing that I don't think gets enough credit is the quality of your EBITDA. Can you remind us what the organic growth was for the outsourcing and advisory business in 2020, as well as the investment management segment?
We'll get you those numbers right now.
Maybe looking forward, how you expect the organic growth for outsourcing and investment management will trend over the next couple of years?
Yeah. Matt, the organic growth in the outsourcing advisory and, you know, IM business were in the high single digits. We don't have the number directly in front of us right now, but certainly strong organically in 2020. As it relates to Enterprise 2025, we have high expectations for those businesses. You know, high single digits or better. Due to a number of factors, you know, our engineering and design business is a business that operates in a sector where there are tremendous tailwinds for infrastructure spending and development. Our investment management business is very well situated, you know, with its focus on alternatives, alternative assets that is, and real assets.
That we think is gonna translate into outsized growth as well. Mortgage is an area we got into last year. High opportunities there for growth as we are successful in integrating it into Colliers and increasing the amount of transaction flow that we're able to put through that very strong multifamily channel that we have. You know, in summary, we feel very good about the prospects in our outsourcing advisory and IM businesses for the next five years.
You know, just looking at outsourcing and advisory this year to date, all internal growth, it's up 32%.
That includes engineering and design acquisitions.
Even engineering and the engineering acquisition was modest. You just did the Bergmann one. Anyway, it's significant and growing much faster than the other areas. I'm glad you pointed it out.
Great color, guys. Jay, earlier you'd mentioned, you know, Bergmann opening doors. Can you talk about how Bergmann and the other acquisitions are kind of a 1+1=3 scenario? You know, how that relates to driving, you know, cross-sell opportunities across the business.
Well, they're really different. Bergmann is in our engineering and design segment, and that is a business all about continuing to do more for clients. If you have the credibility in one segment of an engineering practice, it's often a great segue into offering more services. Especially when Colliers is also involved in the acquisition of the land or in the project management of a project, surrounding the client with our various services helps. Antirion is really an addition to our European investment management platform, which we are trying to grow. It's a small business right now, obviously relative to Harrison Street.
This is an exceptional operator who we've known for many years because he is actually also the owner of Colliers Italy, the services business. We've watched him grow this business over the past 15 years, one step at a time, and believe that this is a natural addition to our business and will only strengthen it. Having relationships with multiple LPs, multiple investors, and having, probably most importantly, a great track record of delivering returns to these investors all helps to allow us to continue to raise additional capital as real estate opportunities present themselves. I would say that it's more competitive out there for real estate, traditional real estate asset opportunities than ever before, but our teams are up for that.
Maybe one last question from me before I turn it back. You've got a lot of white space in your business. If there's one vertical that you're not in currently that you could see yourself entering over the next five years, what would that be?
Well, we think we've got a full plate with our existing verticals. We have so much runway room everywhere. I think that in our five-year plan, you know, one assumption is that in year four or year five, we bring on another platform. We have some ideas around some that might make some sense for us, but that's well down the list right now. We just want to. We like our balance of our business across the board, and what we really wanna do is continue to double and triple the size of these opportunities because we have great leadership in place. We know how to integrate them well. We think we can buy them well. Our unique partnership philosophy helps us, I think, grow and find the right businesses better than most.
Thanks, Jay. Thanks, Christian. I will turn the call back.
Hey, Matt. Congratulations on your new role, and I wish you all the best in the future.
For sure, Matt. You've done a great job for us. Thank you.
Appreciate it, guys.
Operator, are there any more questions? If there are no more questions, we will say thank you, everyone, for participating and look forward to the next conference call. Thank you.