Earnings Call: Q4 2013

Oct 28, 2013

Good day, everyone, and welcome to this Apple Incorporated 4th Quarter Fiscal Year 2013 Earnings Release Conference Call. Today's call is being recorded. At this time, for opening remarks and introductions, I would like to turn the call over to Nancy Paxton, Senior Director of Investor Relations. Please go ahead. Thank you. Good afternoon and thanks to everyone for joining us. Speaking first today are Apple's CEO, Tim Cook and CFO, Peter Oppenheimer and they'll be joined by Vice President and Corporate Controller, Luca Maestri for the Q and A session with analysts. Please note that some of the information you'll hear during our discussion today will consist of forward looking statements including without limitation those regarding revenue, gross margin, operating expenses, other income and expense, stock based compensation expense, taxes and future products. Actual results or trends could differ materially from our forecast. For more information, please refer to the risk factors discussed in Apple's Form 10 ks for 2012, the Forms 10 Q for the 1st 3 quarters of 2013 and the Form 8 ks filed with the SEC today along with the associated press release. Apple assumes no obligation to update any forward looking statements or information, which speak as of their respective dates. I'd now like to turn the call over to Tim Cook for introductory remarks. Thanks, Nancy. Good afternoon, everyone, and thank you very much for joining us. We're eager to share with you the results of the final quarter of Apple's fiscal 2013. We had a strong finish to an amazing year and Peter will provide details about the September quarter shortly. But first, I'm happy to tell you that Apple's business is stronger than ever. We're in a unique position of having world class hardware, software and service skills under one roof, which enables us to provide an unparalleled user experience to 100 of millions of customers. And working with our vibrant developer community, we've built a large and thriving ecosystem. We're winning with our products in all the ways that are most important to us in customer satisfaction, in product usage and in customer loyalty. Our relentless focus on providing innovation that enhances our customers' lives is evident in the extraordinary list of products that we've launched in just the last couple of months. From the colorful iPhone 5c and forward thinking iPhone 5s to the powerful new Imac, MacBook Pro and Mac Pro to the stunning iPad mini with Redund display and the dramatically thinner, lighter and more powerful iPad Air. Thanks to a deep collaboration between our design and engineering teams, we also launched iOS 7 with a stunning new redesign, powerful new features and a great new service called iTunes Radio. We introduced OS X Mavericks, bringing new core technologies for breakthrough power efficiency and performance to our Macs. And we introduced next generation iLife and iWork apps for iOS and OS X. And we're making all of this incredible software free, because we want our customers to have access to the greatest new features. All of these are products that only Apple could have delivered and most companies would be proud to just have one of them. Looking back, we're very pleased with Apple's many accomplishments during fiscal 2013. Our customers had an incredible response to our product lineup buying 150,000,000 iPhones, 71,000,000 iPads and 16,000,000 Macs across the fiscal year. We expanded the breadth and depth of our ecosystem and we generated over $16,000,000,000 revenue from iTunes software and services. We also welcomed almost 400,000,000 visitors to our retail stores and opened or remodeled 49 new stores. And for the 2nd year in a row, we produced over $50,000,000 in revenue per store. We generated record total company revenue of $171,000,000,000 earnings of $37,000,000,000 and operating cash flow of $54,000,000,000 We paid over $8,000,000,000 in capital expenditures to bolster our supply chain, expand our infrastructure and increase our retail footprint. We also completed 15 strategic acquisitions. That's an average of 1 acquisition every 3 to 4 weeks. We more than doubled the size of our capital return program to $100,000,000,000 including the largest share repurchase authorization in history and we've become one of the largest dividend payers in the world. In fact, we've returned over $36,000,000,000 to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases in the last five quarters alone. We remain firmly committed to our objective of delivering attractive returns to shareholders through both our business performance and a return of capital. We review our capital program regularly and our Board is engaged in the discussion of capital allocation on an ongoing basis. We have solicited feedback on our capital return program from shareholders in the past. We've greatly appreciated their suggestions and we will actively seek their input again this year. As we have in the past, the Board and the management team will consider a wide range of issues and be thoughtful in deliberate and we will announce any changes to our current program in the 1st part of the new calendar year. We're off to a great start in fiscal year 2014. We continue to be very confident in Apple's future and we see significant opportunities ahead of us in both current product categories and new ones. We're participating in large and growing markets. Today smartphone penetration of the global handset market is only a little over 50%. The smartphone category is expected to grow significantly in the next few years from about 1,000,000,000 units per year this year to over 1,700,000,000 in 2017. And the tablet market is growing at an even faster rate from about 225,000,000 units this year to over 400,000,000 in 2017. We're continuing to invest in R and D and distribution. We're expanding our geographic coverage and we are building upon a phenomenal, but still very young retail store presence. We're also proud to be a force for good in the world beyond our product. Whether it's improving working conditions or the environment, standing up for human rights, helping eliminate aid or reinventing education, Apple is making substantial contributions to society. I'd like to thank all of our customers and our long term shareholders for their loyalty. And I'd also like to thank Apple's many talented employees who have worked tirelessly to bring us the SPAR and who are passionately focused on making great products that enrich people's lives. I'd now turn the call over to Peter to discuss the details of the most recent quarter. Peter? Thank you, Tim. We're pleased to report the results of the final quarter of Apple's fiscal year 2013 with record 4th quarter iPhone sales driving our highest September quarter revenue ever. Revenue for the quarter was $37,500,000,000 up 1 point 5 $1,000,000,000 or 4 percent from the year ago quarter and slightly above the high end of our guidance range. Gross margin was 37% at the high end of our guidance range and operating margin was $10,000,000,000 representing 26.8 percent of revenue. Net income was 7,500,000,000 dollars translating to diluted earnings per share of $8.26 As for the details of the quarter, I'd like to begin with iPhone. We sold 33,800,000 iPhones compared to 26,900,000 in the year ago quarter, an increase of 6,900,000 or 26 percent and a new September quarter record. IPhone sales were ahead of our expectations and grew strongly year over year in each of our geographic segments. We were particularly pleased with growth in a number of developing markets with unit sales up sharply year over year in Latin America, the Middle East, Russia and India. We were also very happy to add NTT DOCOMO to our carrier lineup in Japan, a country where demand for iPhone has been especially strong. IPhone sales remain very robust in the U. S. With Comscore estimating that Apple was the leading smartphone manufacturer with a 40.7% smartphone subscriber share for the 3 months ending in August. And among North American customers pulled by ChangeWave late last month who plan to purchase a smartphone within 90 days, 63% indicated they plan to purchase an iPhone. We exited the quarter with about 14,300,000 total iPhones in channel inventory, which represented a sequential increase of $3,300,000 from the June quarter and placed us at the low end of our target range of 4 to 6 weeks of iPhone channel inventory on a look forward basis. Customers are loving their iPhones. Based on the most recently published research, ChangeWave measured a 96% customer satisfaction rate among iPhone users and Kantar measured a 92% customer loyalty rate, significantly higher than the competition. And we believe that a great customer experience translates to much higher usage. In fact, Experian reported that iPhone users spend an average of 53% more time each day on their phones than Android phone users. IPhone continues to be a key productivity tool for organizations around the world aided by apps from the App Store as well as those custom built for internal use. In fact, nearly 35,000 companies representing millions of employees worldwide are building custom apps that address specific workflow improvements for their iPhone and iPad users. In the U. S, over 14,000 employees of Johnson Controls are using iPhones for work. The company has created in house apps that have enhanced field technician service delivery and customer communications. And China's ADIC International, a unit of Aviation Industry Corporation of China has equipped 27,000 employees with iPhones to access internally developed apps for office administrative documentation, approval processes and key business intelligence systems. Turning to iPad. We sold 14,100,000 iPads during the quarter compared to 14,000,000 in the year ago quarter. IPad sales exceeded our expectations in the September quarter as we approached our new product introductions. We experienced robust year over year sales growth in Japan, Russia, the Middle East and we were pleased with strong back to school demand for iPad in the U. S. And Canada. IPad sell through was roughly equal to sell in, so we exited the quarter with about 4,100,000 units of iPad channel inventory within our target range of 4 to 6 weeks on a look back basis. Interest in iPad remains incredibly strong. In an August survey by ChangeWave of consumers who intend to purchase tablets within 90 days, 55% indicated they plan to purchase iPads more than 4 times the rate of the next most popular alternative. And of those who already own iPads, the survey measured a 99% customer satisfaction rate. The momentum of iOS devices in Enterprise also remains incredibly strong. In its latest Mobility Index report, good technology indicated that the iOS platform accounted for 95% of enterprise mobile app activations and 72% of all mobile device activations in the September quarter, while iPad accounted for 90% of total tablet activations. Companies around the world are using iPads with custom apps to reinvent their legacy business processes, improving efficiencies across organizations and job functions. For example, direct store delivery reps at Doctor. Pepper Snapple Group uses iPads to facilitate communication and streamline the product delivery process. East Japan Railway personnel use iPad Minis to stay informed about schedule changes and access conductor manual. And Swedish manufacturer SKF uses a custom iPad app to calculate the life of their ball bearing products, saving 10 to 15 minutes per calculation for every engineer several times per day. Schools around the world continue to adopt iPad to transform teaching and learning in the classroom. In the U. K, the number of iPads sold to K-twelve schools has more than doubled year over year. And in Latin America, over 70,000 iPads are being used by Sistema Uno students across 800 schools to improve their learning experience. Here in the U. S, school districts continue to roll out large iPad initiatives to students. The Coachella Valley School District in California is currently distributing over 19,000 iPads to its entire student body. And in South Carolina, every one of the Horry County School District's 10,000 middle school students will receive an iPad this year. These broad deployments are in part driven by the great educational content available on iPad and we're pleased to report that iBooks textbooks are now available across the U. S, U. K. And Australian national high school curricula. Last week, we were thrilled to introduce new iPads featuring the A7 Chip with 64 bit best desktop class architecture, ultrafast wireless and expanded LTE connectivity. The new iPad Air features a beautiful retina display and an elegant unibody design that is 20% thinner and 28% lighter than the 4th generation iPad and the iPad Mini with Retina display packs all the pixels of the iPad Air into its stunning 7.9 inches display and runs over 475,000 iPad apps available from the App Store. Turning to Mac. Sales of 4,600,000 Macs were above our expectations, which is a 7% decline from the year ago quarter. IDC estimates the global personal computer market contracted by 10% during the September quarter indicating that Macs continue to gain share just as they have for 29 of the last 30 quarters. We were especially pleased with strong year over year growth in sales of MacBook Air, which we updated in June. And in late September, we updated Imac with 4th generation Intel quad core processors, new graphics, next generation Wi Fi and faster PCIe flash storage options. Last week, we launched new versions of MacBook Pro with Retina display, featuring 4th generation Intel Core Processors, faster graphics, long rate battery life and a more affordable price. Also last week, we launched Mavericks, the 10th major release of OS X with more than 200 new features. Mavericks brings iBooks and Maps to the Mac, includes a new version of Safari, enhances multi display support, introduces Finder tabs and tags and delivers core technologies for breakthrough power efficiency and performance and is now free. We ended the quarter with Mac channel inventory that was just below our 4 to 5 week target range. We continue to be very pleased with the growth of iTunes software and services and the strength of the Apple ecosystem. Our iTunes stores generated record billings of $4,400,000,000 in the September quarter, thanks to continued strong growth in sales of apps. The quarter's iTunes billings translated to quarterly iTunes revenue $2,400,000,000 up 15% from the year ago quarter. The strong Itunes sales combined with other software and service revenue resulted in total quarterly revenue of $4,300,000,000 from Itunes Software and Services, an increase of 22% year over year. Cumulative app downloads have reached $60,000,000,000 and our app developers have now earned $13,000,000,000 from sales through the App Store, half of which they've earned in the last year. We had a tremendously successful launch of iOS 7 last month, with 100 of millions of downloads in the 1st few days alone making it the fastest software upgrade ever. Last week, we reported that nearly 2 thirds of iOS devices were already running iOS 7. That's significantly higher than the percentage of users running the latest versions of other mobile operating systems. This rapid transition to the latest version of iOS not only means that more customers are having the most advanced experience possible, but it also enables developers to offer their latest app innovations to 100 of millions of users in a single software release. IOS offers something now for everyone with its great new design and features such as Control Center, AirDrop and iTunes Radio. In fact, the number of unique listeners who have tried iTunes Radio is now 20,000,000 and growing. IOS 7 also includes significant features that make iPhones and iPads more secure and easier to manage in corporate environments, offering new ways to configure and deploy devices at scale. New device management capabilities include controlled sharing of documents and attachments, App Store license management, wireless managed app setup and streamlined mobile device management enrollment. And in terms of security, iOS 7 offers enterprise single sign on, default third party app data protection and per app VPN to automatically connect storage corporate apps to the network without the need for users to change complicated settings. I'd now like to turn to the Apple retail stores. Revenue for the quarter was $4,500,000,000 up 6% from the year ago quarter. The stores produced very strong iPhone sales unit growth of 36% per store per week compared to the September quarter last year. We completed the remodels of 2 stores and opened 8 new stores during the quarter, ending with a total of 416 stores, including 162 outside the United States. We are projecting a total of approximately 30 new store openings in fiscal year 2014 about 2 thirds of which will be outside the U. S. We also plan to remodel about 20 stores over the course of fiscal year 'fourteen. With an average of 411 stores opened in the September quarter, average revenue per store was $10,900,000 compared to $11,200,000 in the year ago quarter. Retail segment income was 709,000,000 dollars We hosted 99,000,000 visitors to stores during the quarter, which translates to 18,500 visitors per store per week. Operating expenses were $3,800,000,000 and included $467,000,000 in stock based compensation expense. OI and E was $113,000,000 and the tax rate for the quarter was 25.9%. And turning to our cash. We ended the quarter with $146,800,000,000 in cash for short term and long term marketable securities, a sequential increase of $100,000,000 from the June quarter. Our domestic cash was $35,500,000,000 at the end of the September quarter, a sequential decline of $5,200,000,000 largely attributable to our share repurchase activity. $111,300,000,000 or 76% of our total cash was offshore at the end of the September quarter and cash flow from operations was $9,900,000,000 We paid $2,800,000,000 in dividends in the quarter and we executed an additional $5,000,000,000 in repurchases of $10,400,000 shares of Apple stock during the quarter. This brings us to a cumulative total of $36,000,000,000 in payments for dividends and share repurchases over the last 5 quarters, of which share buybacks were $23,000,000,000 This has resulted in cumulative retirement of almost 47,000,000 shares and represents 5% of the total shares outstanding prior to the launch of our repurchase program. More than 44,000,000 of these shares have been retired in the past two quarters alone. Finally, given that our capital return program must be funded from domestic cash and as a result of our payments to date, the cash that we can invest domestically and return to shareholders to stop accumulating. In fact, we have returned to shareholders or invested essentially all of the increase in available net cash generated since the beginning of our capital return program in 2012. Our Board of Directors has declared a dividend of $3.05 per common share payable on November 14, 2013 to shareholders of record as of the close of this on November 11, 2013. Now as we move ahead in the December quarter, I'd like to review our outlook, which includes the types of forward looking information that Nancy referred to in the beginning of the call. 1st, I want to explain a bit about revenue deferrals. We believe that our software and service play a tremendous role in delivering the overall experience that our customers have come to know and love. Over the last few years, we have added significantly to the offerings that we provide our customers at no incremental charge from operating system upgrade rights to non software services such as Siri and Icloud. The iLive and iWork apps have become as essential to the user experience as mail, messages and calendar. So we're now making iPhoto, Imovie, Pages, Numbers and Keynotes available as free downloads to customers who purchase new iOS devices and we're also making Mavericks and future OS10 upgrades as well as iLive and iWork free to our Mac customers. As a result of these additional rights and features, we are deferring a greater portion of the sale of each iOS device and Mac sold. We anticipate that the additional deferral per device sold coupled with our sequentially greater unit volume expectations in the December quarter will result in about a $900,000,000 sequential increase in the net amount of revenue deferred for software upgrade rights and non software services. In total, we expect revenue to be between $55,000,000,000 $58,000,000,000 compared to $54,500,000,000 in the year ago quarter. We expect gross margin to be between 36.5% 37.5%, reflecting approximately $105,000,000 related stock based compensation expense. We expect OpEx to be between $4,400,000,000 $4,500,000,000 including about $585,000,000 related to stock based compensation expense. We expect OI and E to be about 200,000,000 dollars and we expect the tax rate to be about 26.25 percent. In closing, we're very pleased with the results of the final quarter of our fiscal year 2013. We entered fiscal year 2014 with an incredible lineup of products, including our amazing new iPhones and iPads. We remain committed to delivering great innovative products and services that delight our customers to enhance their lives and we are very confident in our new product pipeline. With that, I'd like to open the call to questions. Thank you, Peter. And one follow-up. Operator, may we have the first question please? Absolutely. First, we'll go to Katy Huberty with Morgan Stanley. Thanks. Peter, I'm a little surprised your December quarter gross margin guidance isn't even better given the increased total iPhone mix and also iPhone 5s within the iPhone line. I imagine there's a lot of offsetting factors given the products that were launched last week. So I just wonder if you can walk through some of the gross margin headwinds that you see in the December quarter? Sure. We expect, as I said in my prepared remarks, our gross margins to be between 36.5% 37.5%, so essentially in line with the September quarter. We're pleased to be guiding gross margin about flat sequentially given all the new products that we have launched in the last few weeks. During the quarter, we expect gross margin to benefit from the leverage on the substantial sequential increase in revenue. Offsetting these benefits, we see a few factors, including the higher deferred revenue relating to the software that I talked about in my prepared remarks. And as I said, we expect the sequential increase in our deferral, which is not only revenue, but affects margin as well to be $900,000,000 2nd, a richer mix of new iPads with higher cost structures and lower pricing 3rd, FX headwinds primarily from the yen. And 4th, the new lower priced MacBook Pro and Imac, which have higher cost structures than their predecessors. So those are four things that I would point out, Katie. Okay. Very helpful. Tim, the press and even some of your competitors are quite complementary of the innovation in iPhone 5s. But it seems like investors are looking or glancing over the 64 bit ARM processor, the fingerprint sensor, the M7 processor. And part of this is that they're not exactly sure what those technologies enable I. E, why do you need a 64 bit ARM processor in a phone? So just hoping you could enlighten us a little bit on that question. I think all of everything that you mentioned, Katie, is the front end of a long road map. And so we have the 1st 64 bit smartphone as you mentioned and this is our first use of the fingerprint sensor. And if you've used it so far, you know that it's pretty profound to use it from security point of view and use it also to purchase apps or music or movies, etcetera. And so both of these, I think, are the most important person here, obviously, is what our customers think. And these new innovations on the 5s and the 5c combined led us to have our best iPhone launch ever with selling about 9,000,000 units through the weekend. So it was we're off to a great start. Thank you, Katy. Could we have the next question please? We'll go to Phil Shill with Goldman Sachs. Okay, great. Thanks. Looking at the iPhone business as well, for the 5 gs, there was some anticipation that the price point would be lower and there was obviously some debate around that when you launched it. Now that you've had the device out there for a while and a few weeks, what type of response are you seeing from the more cost sensitive regions? And can you remind us some of the things you are doing to make the products increasingly affordable for the emerging regions in particular? Yes, Bill, it's Tim. If you look at what we've done with our iPhone line, we're selling the iPhone 4S as our entry offer. We're selling the iPhone 5C as a mid tier offer and then of course the iPhone 5s. And our goal is to overall have growth for total iPhone. But also within that, we want to have each of those categories grow as compared to the what we were doing previously. And so if you take a if you look at the total offers that we're making in the low end space and mid tier and high end, the sum of all the price points we offer there. We'd like to grow in each one of those. And we're really pleased that we did that. And so that's how we measure partly measure success. Of course, the most important thing for us is to make a great product. But we do need growth and we're happy that we've seen that. I realize that some people were reading rumors about that the entry phone would be the 5 c, but that was never our intent obviously. Our entry iPhone is the iPhone 4S. And as you know from comments that I've made previously, we were selling the iPhone 4 in very good volumes. And as we begin to experiment in different regions at somewhat lower price points, we saw a fair amount of price elasticity. And so we're hoping and thinking that that will continue with the For Us. Okay. And then related to that somewhat looking at the iPhone ASPs overall, last quarter you reminded us that the iPhone ASP and mix tends to be at its highest levels in the 1st few months of a product cycle and then tends to trend downward throughout the product cycle. Do you think we should assume similar patterns hold for this cycle? Or are there some unique factors we should consider, particularly given the change in the product lineup? All things being equal, what we would normally see on our products is that you have a large number of people that are early adopter related that come into the market right after we announce and buy our very best product. And so other things being equal that's what we would expect to see. Okay, great. Thank you. Thanks, Bill. Could we have the next question please? Next we'll go to Tony Sakinaki with Sanford Bernstein. Yes, thank you. Tim, you commented in your initial remarks about new product categories. I think this was also something you were explicit about in your April quarterly conference call where you said that consumers and investors should expect new products, including new product categories in the second half of this year and first half of twenty fourteen. So can you reiterate that we should have that expectation? And when you talk about new product categories, I presume that since you made the statement in April, there have been none. I just want to make sure I understand the semantics of what you referred to as a new category. Tony, I didn't say in April that you would see them in this year and the first half of next year, so just to be clear on that. But what I have said is that you'll see I've said that you would see some exciting new products from us in the fall of this year and across 2014. And I obviously stand by that and you've seen a lot of things over the last couple of months. In terms of new product categories, specifically, if you look at the skills that Apple has from hardware, software and services and an incredible app ecosystem, These set of things are very, very unique. I think no one has a set of skills like this. And we obviously believe that we can use our skills in building other great products that are in categories that represent areas where we do not participate today. And so we're pretty confident about that. Okay. And as a follow-up, I wanted to revisit the question of your pricing strategy. Last quarter, you spoke very bunionally about elasticity that you experienced on the iPhone 4 and you had lowered the price in many emerging markets to about $400 And yet when the new products came out, the 4S was actually at a notably higher price than the 4 had been the previous quarter. And the 5C was obviously in line with what we had seen before with the 4S and the 5S was in line with the 5. So if anything, one of the common themes that came out of the last earnings call was the desire to embrace the elasticity of the iPhone. But as best I can tell, price points across the board seem to be a little bit higher than they were 3 months ago, despite the significant success you had there. So I'm wondering how we should think about what lessons you learned from the 4 pricing changes? Why you didn't choose to keep the 4 given that it was an extraordinarily strong seller as best we could tell last quarter? And how you proceed, how you expect to try and continue to address lower price segments of the smartphone market? Tony, the $400,000,000 number just to clarify is your number not mine. What we did with our lineup this time was the 4S is replacing the 4. And so if you look at the U. S. As an example, the 4S is now free. The 4 previously was free. When you translate that out of the U. S, it depends on the market as to what specifically has happened. As you know, currency changes and the strength of the dollar doesn't play in our favor in some geos from that perspective. But generally, we see the 4S as our entry iPhone offer that gives somebody the ability to access the entire ecosystem with a fantastic product. And we clearly understand that there is elasticity in that market and will move accordingly. Thank you, Tony. Can we have the next question please? And we'll hear from Ben Reiss with Barclays. Hey, thanks a lot. First question is on China. Tim, congrats on being I think the only company in my sector that grew in China this quarter. I'd have to check that, but got to be one of them. You returned to growth, I believe, a 6% if my math is right. What happened? And do you see that growth rate accelerating? We're hoping you have new partnerships there. And how can you expand distribution? Yes. Ben, we had a pretty good quarter in China. We obviously want to do better. But if you look at the quarter, we did grow by 6%. Underneath that, iPhone units were up 25 percent year over year despite significant constraints on iPhone 5s that affected the whole company. However, we were able to launch in our first round this time in China, and that was a big change and the result of a close relationship with the carriers in China and the government. And so we feel really good about that. We are able to do that on the iPad as well as we announced last week. For the full year, the Greater China region generated over $27,000,000,000 in sales force and up 14% year over year. And so we have a reasonable sized business there. In the year ago quarter, iPad launched, it launched late in China. And so that pressured the 6% down some. Otherwise, it would have been, I think, even a stronger quarter given the strength of iPhone. And so we are continuing to invest in stores. We opened one additional store in Greater China in the last few weeks. We're investing in indirect distribution. Our point of sales are up by about 50% year over year on the iPhone. And we're continuing to go out to more cities. And initially, we were very focused on just the large cities. So we're working on both coverage on launching earlier and execution and continuing to build out our retail practice there. Okay. And I guess nothing to announce on more. But my second question is for Peter. There's some confusion around the revenue deferral and I was just hoping you could clarify it for gross margins. The $900,000,000 is about I don't know I guess 160 basis points if I have that right on gross margins. How much of that is should we say is pressuring gross margin down in your guidance? I mean, do we take about would your gross margin guidance have been about half the difference there higher if it weren't for this revenue deferral? And then when do we recoup that margin? How many quarters does it take to recoup? And how will that flow back through the model? Thanks. Sure, Ben. We have been deferring revenues for the sale of each iOS device and Mac, given that we have been providing updates to software. Given the announcements that we made last week and that I went through in my prepared remarks, we have actually increased those deferrals. IPhone and iPad, we are deferring between $15 $25 that's up as much as $5 per device. And MAC has gone from $20 to $40 so up an additional $20 On a sequential basis, given the increased deferral rates that we have as a result of increasing the software that we are providing to customers for free, coupled with our sequential unit increases, we will defer, we think, about $900,000,000 more in revenue in the December quarter than we deferred in the September quarter. So you can calculate the impact to gross margin on that. We will also and that goes straight through the margin. It's revenue and a dollar for dollar reduction in gross margin. We will then record that revenue that we've deferred for iOS devices across a 2 year period of time ratably and for Macs over a 4 year period of time. So then just to summarize, we have been deferring revenue on both iOS devices and Macs for a number of years, given the software that we have been giving away for free. We have increased those rates beginning in September for the iOS devices and in October for the Macs. And it will come back into those products over 2 4 years as I said. Great. Thanks. That's a pretty good guide for gross margin if you take that out then if you're leaving that out? Thanks. Dan, just to add on to that, thank you for saying that and I agree. And I would also say that we're really happy to be guiding gross margin flat not only because of the deferrals, but in addition to all of the new products that we've introduced with higher cost structures and lower prices. And no hard and fast commitments, but we're going to work really hard to get down the cost curves as we have successfully in the past. Thanks a lot. Appreciate it. Thanks, Dan. We have the next question please. From Piper Jaffray, we'll go to Gene Munster. Hey, good afternoon. And just to make sure this is crystal clear here on the gross margin is it would have been about 38.5% would have been the midpoint of the guide excluding the change deferral. Is that correct Peter? Probably in that range, Gene. I didn't do it precisely, but you can take the $900,000,000 that we're deferring across the revenue ranges and do the math. Okay, great. And then beyond the December quarter in terms of structural elements around the iPhone gross margin, a couple of years ago with the 4S we saw the launch and then we saw the margins ramp kind of nicely after the launch. I know you're not giving guidance beyond the December quarter, but are there some structural things that have changed in the profitability of the iPhone that would be good to know as we think about our models in 2014? I don't know that there's any structural differences, but I'll make a couple of comments. And I'm not giving guidance beyond the December quarter, but just a couple of things to think about. We're benefiting this quarter, as I talked about in answering Katie's question, from the benefits of leverage given the very big sequential increase in revenue. Leverage cuts both ways. So presumably that would go against us in the March quarter. However, we would expect to defer less for these software deferrals in the March quarter as well. And as I noted at the end of Ben's question, we will endeavor to work very hard to get down cost curves as we have in the past. No change. Okay. And then for my follow-up question, in terms of the iPad and the Mini price change, I guess just broader thinking around the iPad. We've seen some fluctuations in the growth rate. How do you think about that segment in terms of growing at or above or below market growth rates around tablets? And separately, is there any differences in terms of how often people are upgrading their iPads versus iPhones? It feels like they're upgrading them every 3 years versus a little bit over every 2 years for the iPhone. Is that accurate? So size of the opportunity and then maybe just any sort of nuances and upgrade behaviors between the iPhone and the iPad? Gene, it's Tim. We continue to view the tablet market as huge. We see it as a large opportunity for us. We are not solely focused on unit share. As I've said many times, we're focused on usage and customer side and loyalty and other things that are very important to us. We do believe that this has been or the announcement last week was our largest iPad announcement ever. And we're confident we're going to grow year over year. And if you look back, we had a very, very strong quarter a year ago. We get off to a great start this weekend with iPad Air. And then later in the month, we'll begin shipping the new Mini. We did feel that we wanted to reduce the price of the iPad Mini, and so we did that. And now are coming in at $2.99 which is an incredible value to get access to the whole of the ecosystem and so forth. And iPad Air is just absolutely incredible product, the best iPad we've ever done. And so I think all of these are most of these products are going to do really well. I think it's going to be an iPad Christmas. And but we'll see. We will report the numbers back to you in January, how we did, but we're pretty confident. Thanks, Jean. Can we have the next question please? From Cross Research, we'll go to Shannon Cross. Thank you very much. Tim, can you talk a bit more about your decision to offer the macOS for free and provide iWork and iLife with new device purchases? How are you thinking about it visavis some of the competition? So what our primary reason for doing it Shannon was that we wanted it to become a part of what it meant to own a Mac and what it meant to own an iOS device. We saw Iwork had become the best selling productivity app on a mobile device. We wanted all of our customers to have access to our very latest software, so they would have access to our best features. And so we decided to make a bold move of making it free. And from I know some other folks charge $199 or so for each of these actually for the OS and the productivity apps. But we really wanted to make it a part of the experience. And so we're making it free and we're going back all the way to Snow Leopard on the OS side and I work as free for all new Macs. And so I think it's a very strong offer. I think it's just another reason that everyone should buy a Mac. And we think it was a great decision to do so. But most importantly, we think it's great for our customers. Great. And then I just had a question on education, which somewhat ties into this since I work and I life I think are some of these operating systems run through there. I'm curious what the what your thoughts are with regard to Chromebooks, Google Apps, any kind of foothold that we're seeing with Google taking share in education, because as we've seen some of the price points for the devices are pretty low. But clearly you guys are able to sell into education as well. So I'm kind of curious as to how you view the competition and how you position your products visavis some of the things that are fairly low priced? It's a good question. We had our best education quarter ever. We went over $1,000,000,000 in revenues for the first time ever. We were up strongly year over year, up 8%. IPad was up 22% year over year and the Mac was up 8%. And as you know, the PC market was down 10% in the aggregate and likely down even more in Education. And so we feel like we're doing great on both fronts, both in the iPad space and in the Mac space for people wanting to buy Mac. And we do see Chromebooks in some places, but the vast majority of people are buying PCMac or an iPad. Our share of tablets in education is 94%. I mean, it's sort of unheard of. I've never seen a market share that high before. So we feel like we're doing really well here and are great be making feel great to be making a contribution to education. Thank you. Thank you, Shannon. Next question please. Next from UBS, we'll go to Steve Milunovich. Thanks. Could you talk a little bit about the supply side? There's been some thought that the fingerprint technology has been a little bit hard to manufacture and you indicated that the retina mini would be out later in November. So kind of curious if you're going to be able to meet the demand for the holidays with the Mini that you would like to? And maybe some general supply comments and also comments on component costs? Sure. Steve, it's Tim. In terms of supply, iPhone 5s ended the quarter with a very significant backlog. We are still we still have a significant backlog. However, our supply is building each week And we're we've been and we're very confident of our ability to keep ramping. And so we've rolled out 30 more countries with the iPhone 5s and 5c as of last Friday. And we'll roll out another 16 this week. And so we're right on where we would like to be in terms of achieving 100 countries by the end of the calendar year. In terms of the retina or the iPad mini with the retina display, we'll start shipping later in November. It's unclear whether we will have enough for the quarter or not. We know how many we will have, but you really don't know the demand until after you start shipping. And so we'll see how that goes. But I think we'll do fairly well with iPad. As I had mentioned before, we felt like it's going to be a really great holiday season. On terms of component costs, both DRAM and NAND were up last quarter from the previous quarter. DRAM, we believe will continue to be up in this quarter. We think NAND will be flat and other commodities will fall sequentially. Okay. And then Peter, about a year ago you indicated that the December quarter would benefit by about 200 basis points in gross margin due to a combination of mix shift toward phones and higher volume. Is that the sort of uplift you would expect from those factors this December quarter? Steve, I don't want to put a precise amount on it, but we I see us benefiting from a couple of things in the quarter. The leverage on the higher revenue by far being the biggest. As Tim mentioned, we expect to have a positive commodity environment. And selling iPhones is never a bad thing from a margin perspective. Thanks. Thank you, Steve. Should we have the next question please? This is from the line of Mark Moskowitz with JPMorgan. Yes. Thanks. Good afternoon. The first question here for Tim. Just regarding the channel inventory levels of $14,300,000 for the iPhone, much higher than we've seen in quarters past. Is there some sort of message there in terms of you now having much broader coverage in terms of incremental coverage? Or is there a much bigger incremental upgrade cycle of some of your installed base or both? I think the way the number one thing to know on the channel inventory is that our range as you know for iPhone is 4 to 6 weeks and we were at the low end of our range. And so that to me is the most or that's the most important thing I look at anyway I should say. You can choose to look at the thing that's most important to you. In terms of it changing from where it's been in the past, the things that you should consider are that China was in wave 1 this year. So that there was a lot more point of sales there. We added DOCOMO in Japan. And so that's a large carrier to add. And what probably were not in the opening comments was that of the 14,000,000 dollars 1,800,000 of those were iPhones that were in transit and therefore not available to sale in the channel. And we always count those in channel inventory because they're in our sales line. And so that's how I look at the iPhone inventory. Okay. And then just a follow-up if I could. A year ago, you had a very ambitious multiproduct ramp in terms of new products coming out at the same time. You did have some impacts related to supply constraints. Just kind of follow-up on Steve's question. Do you feel that 12 months later and fast forward to the future now that you're in a much better shape to kind of avert or navigate some of these big supply constraints that inflict some problems on you last year? Or could we see a similar situation as we move through the quarter? As I mentioned on the iPhone 5s, I feel like we're doing really well on supply. The demand is very robust. And so we are in backlog right now. But I feel confident about us continuing to ramp and do quite well for the quarter. On the iPad Mini, we'll start shipping later this month and it's very difficult to forecast exactly when supply and demand will balance there. And we'll also see about the iPad Air as we go out this week. I think we'll have a really good weekend, but it may be that not everyone can find one that wants one. I think versus last year, I think one key difference is we announced one of our keymax the IMAX, but we didn't begin shipping it until the end of December. And so we went for more than 2 months with minimal IMAX sales. And therefore from a MAC point of view year over year last year, we had our only down quarter down versus the market that is in the last 30 quarters. And so I don't envision that happening this year. I feel really good about the way that the MacBook Pros have gotten off last week. They've gotten off to a huge start. I feel great about Mac growing year over year this quarter. I feel great about iPad growing year over year this quarter as well. And you can tell that from the guidance the strong guidance numbers that Peter gave earlier. Thank you, Mark. Can we have the next question please? We'll go to Chris Whitmore with Deutsche Bank. Thanks very much. I wanted to ask about iPhone ASPs. They were down about 7% year on year in the quarter and down sequentially. Last year they were up sequentially on the launch. Was that a product supply availability issue? And how do you think about ASPs going forward? Chris, it's Peter. Sequentially, we're relatively flat. So I'll comment on a year over year basis. They were down 7% as you indicated. And this was primarily due to a significant increase in the sales of our entry SKUs, where we have made them more affordable to attract more first time smart buyers. We've also incurred some FX headwinds from the yen, the Australian dollar and a number of the emerging markets, which impacted us as well. I don't want to forecast ASPs for the December quarter. We'll report to you in January what they were. But the FX headwinds likely continue given where exchange rates are today. And just to follow-up on Mark's earlier question around channel inventories that 14,000,000 unit number was I think higher than a lot of people expected. Was that also viewed towards the low end of the product stack given the 5S was short exiting the quarter? The 5S was in huge backlog. So any kind of divest that was in the channel was a transitionary kind of move, maybe perhaps in transit and so forth. We did have, as I mentioned before, we had 1,800,000 units of total iPhone units in transit at the end of the quarter. So that's a pretty substantial number. And just lastly, I wanted to ask about subsidies. That wasn't mentioned as a potential impact to phone margins. But can you comment on carrier subsidies more generally? How sustainable are they given the competitive environment? And how are carriers responding to the pricing stack of your phone line? Thanks a lot. I think carriers like to sell as many units as they can and get as many people in their service. And in most regions, we want them to be on service contracts. And so they're very predictable and reliable. And I don't really see that changing. I think the carriers have come up with some different or some carriers have come up with different sales programs that might appeal to someone who wants to upgrade their phone annually instead of every other year. I think those programs in general probably reduce the subsidy somewhat in the aggregate for people that take these up. But customers may view that, that's a fair exchange for getting to upgrade more often. So there's a customer proposition for it. Other than that, I think we have great relationships with the carriers. And I think they were, as we were very happy with the iPhone rollout. Thank you, Chris. A replay of today's call will be available for 2 weeks as a podcast on the Itunes store, at the webcast on apple.com/investor and via telephone. And the numbers for the telephone replay are 888 203-eleven 12 or 719-457-0820. Please enter confirmation code 5,599, 516. These replays will be available by approximately 5 p. M. Pacific Time today. Members of the press with additional questions. Joan is at 408-974-4570 and I'm at 408-974-5420. Thanks again for joining us. Ladies and gentlemen, that does conclude today's presentation. We do thank everyone for your participation.