Good day, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by. Welcome to your Q3 2013 Arch Capital Group earnings conference call with Mr. Dinos Iordanou and Mark Lyons. My name's Marie, and I'll be your operator for today. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode, and later we will conduct a question and answer session, and instructions will follow at that time. Before the company gets started with its update, management wants to remind everyone that certain statements in today's press release and discussed on this call may constitute forward-looking statements under the federal securities laws. These statements are based upon management's current assessments and assumptions and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. Consequently, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied.
For more information on the risks and other factors that may affect future performance, investors should review periodic reports that are filed by the company with the SEC from time to time. Additionally, certain statements contained in the call that are not based on historical facts are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The company intends the forward-looking statements in the call to be subject to the safe harbor created thereby. Management also would make reference to some non-GAAP measures of financial performance. The reconciliation to GAAP and definition of operating income can be found in the company's current report on Form 8-K furnished to the SEC yesterday, which contains the company's earnings press release and is available on the company's website. Now, I'd like to hand the call over to Mr. Dinos Iordanou. Please proceed.
Thank you, Marie. Good morning, everyone, thank you for joining us today. We had a good third quarter from just about every perspective. Earnings were solid, driven by excellent underwriting results. On a consolidated basis, our premium revenue grew by approximately 12% on both gross and net basis, although there were noteworthy items that I will get into in a few minutes. On an operating basis, we earn $1 per share for the quarter, which produce an annualized 11% return on equity for the third quarter. On a net income basis, Arch earned $0.80 per share, which corresponds to a 9% annualized return on equity. Reported net income was adversely affected by foreign exchange losses. These losses rose from the quarterly effects of evaluating our insurance liabilities that are settled in foreign currencies.
As you may know, changes in the value of investments used to fund these liabilities are reflected as a direct change in shareholders' equity. Accordingly, foreign exchange movements did not have a significant effect on book value per share. Our reported underwriting results in the second quarter were solid, as reflected by a combined ratio of 86%. They were aided by better than average performance on cat underwriting and continued favorable prior year reserve development. Net investment income per share on a reported basis declined to $0.49 per share, reflecting the effects of lower yields available in the financial markets and our total return approach to investments. Our operating cash flow for the quarter was $239 million, a $96 million decrease from the same period last year, substantially due to higher paid losses, including claim payments on prior year cat events.
The total return of the investment portfolio was 143 basis points, inclusive of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. Our book value per common share increased by 4.2%, primarily due to our operating performance. During the third quarter, the insurance market continued to attain rate increases, although they moderated somewhat relative to the first half of this year. In our U.S. insurance operations, which gives us a good indication because we have more granular data, we experienced rate increases in the quarter that provided 170 basis points of expected margin improvement. This is as compared to business written over a year ago. The movement of business from the admitted market back to the E&S market continued. On prior calls, we mentioned our expansion into the binding authority insurance business that caters to small E&S accounts written through the wholesale distribution channel. This group is off to an excellent start.
They are producing an increasing level of business and have begun to leverage Arch distribution platform and relationships to access more opportunities. In our view, on an absolute basis, while most long-tail casualty business still require further rate improvements to meet our return requirements, some segments are approaching rate adequacy. With regard to new versus renewal pricing, based on our monitoring systems, we saw no changes on a relative basis from what we have reported in the last quarter. On the reinsurance side of the business, in terms and conditions, we see pressure in three areas. First, in property cat, alternative capacity is putting pressure on rates. Second, although the profitability of primary insurance has improved, cedents have pressed successfully for additional ceding commissions, generally in the range of one to two points. The improved economics remain with the primary insurers.
Finally, cedents are moving to excess of loss instead of pro rata coverage, which increases the risk to reinsurance of our recharge by cedents. Net written premiums of the reinsurance segment grew by 24%, while the insurance segment increased their net written premiums by 4%. The increase in the reinsurance segment stems primarily from one significant treaty. As was the case in 2002 and 2003, certain cedents, based on their financial conditions, are looking to the reinsurance market to provide capital. The treaty I just mentioned fell into this category, and we recorded approximately $55 million of written premium in the third quarter of 2013, including the transfer of approximately $40 million of unmanned premium. In addition, as you may know from press reports, we enter into a transaction with Ethniki, the insurance subsidiary of the National Bank of Greece.
Although the reserves reinsure on a nominal basis were in excess of EUR 400 million, under U.S. GAAP, this transaction will be accounted on a deposit basis. Due to the long-term nature of the liabilities, the expected margin will be earned over several years and is not expected to have a material effect on any individual year. The insurance segment had a net written premium growth predominantly emanating from their U.S. operations, which represent approximately 75% of their worldwide volume this quarter. The U.S. operations grew net written premium by nearly 15%, partially offsetting strategic reductions elsewhere in the world. The U.S. growth came predominantly from increases in exposures on existing accounts, new business, including our contract binding business, and of course, rate increases.
Group-wide, on an expected basis, we continue to believe the ROE on the business we underwrote this year will produce an underwriting year ROE in the range of 11%-13%. Let me now update you on the status of our previously announced agreement to acquire certain assets of PMI and CMG. We are continuing to work on obtaining the regulatory and other approvals required to complete the transaction. As part of that process, we are continuing our discussions with the GSEs in order to obtain their approval of Arch as an eligible mortgage insurance carrier. This process takes time. If the required approvals are obtained, it is expected that the transaction will close near the end of 2013 or during very early part of 2014.
Before I turn it over to Mark and discuss our PMLs, it is worth noting that our cat PML aggregates reflect business bound through October 1st, while the premium numbers included in our financial statements are through September 30th. As of October 1st, 2013, our largest 250-year PMLs for a single event increased slightly to $868 million in the Northeast, or approximately 17% of our common shareholders' equity. While Gulf PMLs increased somewhat to $736 million, where our Florida Tri-County PML now stands at $615 million. I will now turn it over to Mark to comment further on our financial results. Then after Mark, we will take your questions. Mark?
Thank you, Dinos, good morning all. The consolidated combined ratio for this quarter was 86% even, with 2.5 points of current accident year cat-related events, which are net of reinsurance and reinstatement premiums, compared to the 2012 third quarter combined ratio of 90.2%, which reflected 3.7 points of cat-related events. Losses in the 2013 third quarter from catastrophic events totaled $19.5 million, emanating from a variety of events around the world. The 2013 third quarter consolidated combined ratio also reflected 8.2 points of prior year net favorable development. Again, net of reinsurance and related acquisition adjustments compared to 7.1 points of prior period favorable development on the same basis in the 2012 third quarter. This results in a 91.7% current accident quarter combined ratio excluding cats for the third quarter of 2013, compared to a 93.6% accident quarter combined ratio in the third quarter of 2012.
The 2013 accident quarter combined ratio excluding cats for the reinsurance segment was 83.7%, compared to 84.3% in the 2012 third quarter. In the insurance segment 2013 accident quarter combined ratio, excluding cats, improved to 97.0%, compared to an accident quarter combined ratio of 99.6% in the third quarter of 2012. Approximately 80% of the net favorable development in this quarter was from the reinsurance segment, with approximately 60% of that due to net favorable development on short-tailed lines concentrated in the more recent underwriting years. The other 40% of the reinsurance segment's net favorable development was attributable to longer-tailed lines spread evenly over all underwriting years 2010 and prior. The remaining aggregate 20% of net favorable development was attributable to the insurance segment and was primarily driven by short-tailed lines from the more recent accident years.
Similar to prior periods, approximately 69% of our consolidated $7.1 billion of total net reserves for loss and loss adjustment expense are IBNR or additional case reserves, which is a fairly consistent ratio across both the reinsurance and insurance segments. The insurance segment accounts for 63% of total net loss and loss expense reserves, and the reinsurance segment, the balance of 37%. On a consolidated basis, the third quarter of 2013 expense ratio was 32.3%, compared to the prior year's comparative quarter of 30.9%. This 140 basis point increase is driven by 150 basis point rise in the acquisition expense ratio, while the operating expense ratio dropped 10 basis points. The acquisition expense is a combination of higher ceding commissions on proportional treaties within the reinsurance segment, along with some lift in insurance segment premium taxes and ceded treaty commission adjustments on older years.
The insurance segment expense ratio went up 50 basis points, from 32.5% to 33% quarter over comparative quarter, with the acquisition ratio up 120 basis points while the operating expense ratio dropped 70 basis points. As stated, the rise in the acquisition ratio was driven by increases in contingent commissions on ceded treaties, along with increased premium taxes. The reinsurance segment expense ratio went up 280 basis points from 28.5% to 31.3% quarter over comparative quarter, with the acquisition ratio up 180 basis points and the operating expense ratio up 100 basis points. The acquisition increase was due to a change in product mix, along with higher ceding commissions on quota share treaties. The operating expense ratio reflects incremental expenses due to certain platform expansions as commented on last quarter.
Our U.S. insurance operations achieved a 4.7% effective rate increase this quarter, which translates into the margin expansion of 170 basis points that Dinos referenced earlier. This is a 20 basis point improvement over the 150 basis point expansion achieved during the second quarter of 2013, driven mostly by changes in mix. These figures represent the excess of written effective rate increases over estimated loss trend and provide continuing evidence of improving market conditions. This average range from having some margin contraction in some units, such as miscellaneous facilities healthcare and to professional liability areas, to large improvements in our private, mostly primary executive assurance growth and middle market operation. Other areas of note in margin expansion were E&S casualty and our program businesses. Property lines experienced low single-digit rate increases again this quarter and therefore, like last quarter, did not experience additional margin expansion.
Specialty casualty, workers' compensation, and national account businesses have now experienced 10 successive quarters of rate increases, whereas our executive assurance, middle market, and alternative asset protection books, along with our retail construction unit, have each experienced nine consecutive quarters of rate increases. Furthermore, our excess workers' compensation and umbrella books have now enjoyed eight consecutive quarters. As always, we make capital allocation decisions based on our view of the absolute returns and not relative improvements alone. For example, although our insurance property business did not experience margin expansion this quarter, we continue to estimate healthy returns for this line. The ratio of net written premiums to gross written premiums in the quarter on a consolidated basis was 80.9%, compared to 80.6% a year ago.
In the reinsurance segment, the net to gross ratio was 95% in 2013 third quarter, driven by an increased use of retro covers, compared to 97.2% a year ago. The insurance segment was essentially unchanged at a 73.5% ratio as they maintain their ongoing strategy to grow the less volatile, smaller account businesses in the current environment and reduce exposure in higher severity businesses. The total return on our investment portfolio was a reported positive 143 basis points in the 2013 third quarter, primarily driven by equities, high yield bonds, and alternative investments. Excluding foreign exchange, total return was 84 basis points. It's worth noting that equities and alternative investments account for 14.9% of our $13.3 billion of investable assets as of September 30th of this year, which is identical to June 30th, but higher than the 11.5% allocation a year ago.
This allocation on a portfolio basis has the potential to ameliorate future impacts on our investment portfolio from rising interest rates and widening credit spreads. Our embedded pre-tax book yield before expenses was 2.41% as of September 30th, 2013, compared to 2.43% at June 30th, 2013, while the duration of the portfolio shortened slightly to 2.83 years, which continues to reflect our conservative position on duration in the current yield environment. Reported net investment income in the quarter was $66.1 million, or $0.49 per share, versus $73.2 million or $0.53 per share in the 2012 third quarter. This difference is attributable to a reduction of interest income from fixed income securities and an increase in investment expenses relative to the third quarter of 2012. During 2013, however, fixed income earnings have been relatively flat each sequential quarter, as have investment expenses.
Our effective tax rate on pre-tax operating income for the third quarter of 2013 was an expense of 5.6%, compared to an expense of 3.1% in the third quarter of 2012. Approximately 41% of this third quarter tax expense, or $3.8 million, is associated with catch-up of the first two quarters to this higher effective rate, and $2 million of withholding on equities, tax withholdings on equity securities. The September 30th year-to-date effective tax rate on operating income, excluding some minor discrete items, is 3.3%. Fluctuations in the effective tax rate can result from variability in the relative mix of income or loss reported by jurisdiction. Our total capital was $5.84 billion at the end of this quarter, up 3.7% relative to June 30th, and up 4.9% relative to year-end 2012. We repurchased only $1.3 million of share value during the quarter and $57.8 million year-to-date as of September 30th.
We have $712 million of authorization remaining for additional share repurchases. Our debt-to-capital ratio remains low at 6.8%, and debt plus hybrids represents only 12.4% of our total capital, which continues to give us significant financial flexibility. We continue to estimate having capital in excess of our targeted capital position. Book value per share was $38.34 at the end of this quarter, up 4.2% versus June 30th, and 5.9% relative to December 30th of 2012. This change in book value per share this quarter is led by the company's continued strong underwriting results. With these introductory comments, we're now pleased to take your questions.
Okay, thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, your question and answer session will now begin. If you wish to ask a question, please key star one now. We have our first question, and it comes from the line of Michael Nannizzi from Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.
Thanks. I guess I just had one question on your decision to pull back on property cat. I know you've talked about it in the past. We've seen a lot of other folks increasing property cat exposure this quarter. What do you see as the opportunity set there, and why is it that you're choosing to pull back in that business while maybe others are seeing an opportunity to grow?
Well, at the end of the day, when we write any line of business, including cat, we look at opportunity by opportunity, contract by contract, and we have an expectation based on the volatility of that business, what the proper return should be. Our cat teams determined that in some areas, the erosion was more than we can stomach. For that reason, we let some of that business go. We're still bullish on the cat business. I don't want to give you a misleading conclusion. We still like it, but we're cautious about what our expected return should be, and we continue to price it with the expectation that we're going to have very high returns because of the nature of the business and the volatility that brings. Mark, you have anything?
No. You nailed it.
Yeah.
Yeah. Are you seeing pressure from other sources ameliorate now in terms of alternative capital? Are you expecting that to change between now and 1/1? How should we think about that?
I'm not telling you anything that the market doesn't know. The additional capital entering the market has put pressure on rates in the 10%-15% rate reduction. That by itself has not really changed significantly the prospects of profitability, but in certain segments, like on the low end of the curve, because especially the unrated vehicles that they have to collateralize the limits, they're looking for the high rate online business, which, of course, is on the front end of the curve. In that part of the curve, I think we don't find the returns attractive. Some of those returns they have moved into the sub two-digit, high single digits. For some investors, high single digits for the cat business might be an acceptable return. I can tell you it's not for Arch.
If we have business that it was on that low end of the curve and we're not getting the proper return, that's the business that you let go. Of course, that will magnify also because the higher rate online business also have big premium numbers. If you don't do one or two of those, in essence, you're not using a lot of PML, but you're losing a lot of premium. The profitability is not there.
Got it. Great. Thank you, Dinos. I guess one question for Mark, just on the investment portfolio. It looked like the turnover was pretty elevated again this quarter. I remember there was one sleeve of the portfolio, I think it was the treasury piece that was turning over multiple times as opposed to the portfolio itself turning over a significant amount. Just can you update us on what might have driven that turnover this quarter and whether that should continue?
Fairly similar to your observations of prior quarters. I think what you're seeing is taking some realized gains with the expectation of improved yields on those, given where some of those purchases were made throughout the quarter. The rate of turnover is approximately the same.
You expect that should continue from here?
It's hard to say based on what happens in the markets. Just like in the insurance business, we're going to react to what's there. It depends what happens with interest rates.
Don't forget our approach to investments is total return. If we believe that turning over the portfolio, factoring in frictional cost in doing it will be beneficial to us, we'll do it.
Got it. Great. Thank you very much.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Greg Locraft from Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.
Thanks, and nice quarter. Wanted to just ask about capital deployment. I think you guys are pretty explicit on when you like to buy back stock, and at one and a half book, it doesn't seem that it fits the grid that well, given prospective ROEs. How should we be thinking about excess capital as it continues to build within the context of your corporation in the future periods?
Well, the first thing you ought to think is our ability to put that capital to work in the marketplace, because that's what we've been hired to do as managers. In addition to that, I don't know if you've been following that space. Not only there is opportunities for us that they're going to come with PMI and CMG, but also there is transactions in the market that both Fannie and Freddie, they're testing in putting more of the credit business to the private sector, and we intend to be a participant of that. The prospects of us actually deploying more capital and utilizing in our business, including the mortgage insurance space, it's very high.
Also, as you've seen with two transactions that we've done in the third quarter the Ethniki transaction, which is significant, EUR 400 million of reserves, and the Tower Group transaction. We're seeing other transactions of similar nature and similar size. I'm not predicting anything. These things are lumpy. Sometimes you're successful in landing them, and sometimes you're not. I'm optimistic in utilizing more of our capital in the business going forward. Absent of that, we'll refer back to share repurchases, and we will not rule out an extraordinary dividend if that's appropriate to return capital to shareholders. We'll be good stewards of capital. We don't try to hoard it, but I can tell you, when I look into the future, I see opportunities. I'm not going to be too anxious to let that capital go right now.
Okay. Very thorough answer. Just one follow-up on that. It sounds like the core business is where you want to deploy it and you're seeing good opportunities. In a way, we should be growing the core faster, perspectively.
Well, given the market opportunities. Don't forget, the mortgage insurance space is going to eat up some of our capital.
Yeah.
We got to fund those, and like I said, the opportunity is not only with what we're going to write direct through PMI and CMG. It's also these transactions, the bulk transactions that the GSEs are putting into the marketplace.
Yep. Okay, good. You actually had mentioned buybacks ahead of a special dividend. Would you reverse that at this particular price? Again, I think you guys are somewhat valuation sensitive on the buyback front.
Yes, we are. We're looking at a kind of a light post, a guiding post that says if we recover it within three years is the right mix. We still believe there is a lot of intrinsic value in the company. It will not stop us to even buy our stock at 1.50 multiple.
Okay. Last, just on the special dividend, you brought it up. You guys don't like a regular dividend. How do you compare and contrast a special versus a regular, and what would cause you to do a special?
Well, a regular dividend is not a way to manage capital, right? This is a capital-intensive business. In the soft cycle, you have a lot of excess, and you got to return it to shareholders. When things get into a very good cycle, you can utilize as much capital you can get your hands on. By introducing an ordinary dividend of 1% or 2%, it's not really going to manage your capital. It might expand your shareholder basis, because some funds might not invest unless you're paying a dividend. We don't think in those terms. We don't try to make actions because they're going to be a reaction by investors. Our focus is what's the proper way to run the company?
How the capital structure needs to behave depending if we're on a soft or on a hard cycle, how much leverage we have in the capital structure. All those thoughts go into it, and how much excess capital we need to keep, because we got our high ratings, and also we want to have the financial flexibility, because when the markets turn, they turn very quickly. This gradual improvement in the market is not what I would call a hard turn to a hard market. If you have a continuation of pressures, as we've seen with some small companies, because of either reserve deficiencies or other issues they have. If that, for some reason, accelerates, you're going to see a hard market. We don't see it in the next year or two, but our responsibility is to be prepared for it.
We take that all into consideration before we make these decisions. We never believe on an ordinary dividend. Now, if you have excess capital and let's say if you believe that the marketplace is not giving you the right multiple, you might consider the extraordinary dividend because it's a quick way to return capital to shareholders and let them decide what to do with it.
Yeah. Greg, I would just add to what Dinos said, you get a high-level look at it that any special dividend would be the excess over all contemplated uses. When Dinos says he's more optimistic, it's because of marketplace opportunities. We have higher odds in our minds that these things might close. A special dividend would just be any potential uses outside of that, plus the guardian of our high ratings. If there's any leftover, only that would be considered discussion worthy.
Yeah. Great. Yeah, it's very clear that you'll be really busy building out the core as you've stated. That's the core underwriting operation. That's great. Thanks for the thorough answers, guys, and great quarter.
Thank you.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Arash Soleimani from KBW. Please proceed.
Hi. Thanks. Just a couple quick ones here. First, you had mentioned earlier on the call that you're seeing better economics on the primary side. Just one question there is, to what extent are you benefiting from the primary economics there, and to what extent are those economics then pressuring your reinsurance side? I'm kind of just qualitatively trying to assess the net impact on the overall business.
Well, the way I will answer is that 60% of our business is primary, 40% is reinsurance. We don't have any target. It can switch. It depends on market conditions. What we see today, and it's fair to say, I think we had phenomenally good results in the reinsurance market, and that is not deteriorating. What I'm saying is, basically we're not getting incremental improvement on the reinsurance sector because when we talk to cedants, they're seeing the improvement on the insurance side. They want to keep it. It's sticking to their ribs, not ours. Having said that, it doesn't mean the transactions that we do, they're worse than they were a year ago. They just don't have the improvement. All the improvement stays with the primary.
On our insurance group, as you've seen from the numbers that Mark mentioned, we've seen their margin and their combined ratio on an accident year basis coming down. As the market improves, we expect that to continue. On the 60% of our business, we're getting the benefit of it. On the reinsurance, I think we're remaining steady. The reason that we haven't changed the 11%-13% ROE, when you put everything in the hopper, we see improvement on the insurance side, we see steadiness on the reinsurance, but we're losing a bit on the cat business from a margin point of view. We're losing a bit on the investment income side. When you put it all together, I didn't see a reason for us to go beyond the 11-13 because that's what the numbers indicate.
Thanks. That's helpful. Just my next question, how should we think about risk-based capital for mortgage insurance?
I'll give you the short answer. The FHFA is in the process of coming up with new capital requirements. We know that the capital requirements are going to be somewhere between 15 times to 20 times value at risk. We don't know exactly where they're going to come, but basically, we believe the business is still very attractive from the low end of that range to the high end of that range. I don't know how long the transition period is going to be, especially for some of the existing mortgage insurers who right now they're not meeting those thresholds from a capital point of view. There might be a transition period, a year or two for people to come within those ranges. We don't know that yet. We're waiting for the regulator to come with the requirements.
Great. Thanks so much for the answers.
Excellent. Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Vinay Misquith from Evercore. Please proceed.
Hi. Good morning.
Hi, Vinay.
The first question is on the primary insurance operations. That's grown at a healthy pace of 14% for the U.S. Just curious as to what's happening there. Also wanted to know, you mentioned that more lines are reaching adequate profitability. Do you think that you could open this spigot next year and write more business?
Well, growing at double-digits in the U.S., that's a pretty good growth. First of all, some of our customers, they're seeing a slight improvement in their business. The exposure bit goes up, so you get a little more premium. On top of it, you have the rate increases. That helps. Of course, we're gaining a bit of a market share. The market share we're gaining predominantly is coming in the small E&S market through our binding authority business and I think in our program business. A lot of our program administrators, they've seen both growth in exposure units and very good rate increases. The combination of those gives you that. We expect that to continue, but you never know. The insurance business has always been very competitive, so I don't know what the competition is going to do.
If there is no changes and the trajectory continues to go, we expect to continue to grow, especially in the U.S. That's not the same story in other parts of the world. As a matter of fact, you saw that we decided to shrink in some other parts of the world. U.K. and Australia and Continental Europe in some lines, professional liability lines and D&O lines, et cetera. We look at it, we look at the profitability, and then growth is not what drives us. I think bottom line results is what drives us. We're not bashful. If we see opportunity, we'll seek it and we'll go out and write the business. Go ahead, Mark.
Thanks, Vinay.
Yeah, Vinay, just as a follow-up to Dinos's comments, I would note that there's some similarities in the two major areas in the U.S. where there was growth. One, programs, and the second, contract binding, as Dinos pointed out. First off, they're both smaller accounts.
They get a good overall spread. It's more stable. It's less volatile. As a result, we keep a massive amount of that net. Compared to other lines of business that might be getting similar rate increases, this will stick to the ribs a lot more than they would.
Sure. That's helpful. Dinos, you sounded more bullish about reinvesting the money into business, and yet seems on the P&C side, there are not as many opportunities. Am I reading this correctly that you're looking more at the mortgage insurance and these Fannie Freddie transactions and one-off transactions that we can't really see where you propose to deploy the capital?
Yeah. You got it absolutely right, Vinay. You continue to do your homework. What can I tell you?
All right, great. One last thing for Mark. Actually, Mark, the margins are quarter-over-quarter in the reinsurance segment. I mean, the loss ratio went up a tad. Just curious whether that was because of the new quota share reinsurance transaction?
Well, yeah, good question. It had a marginal impact. I'd prefer to look at the combined ratio impact more than each piece, but I'm happy to address that. On the acquisition side, as we commented, the acquisition quarter-over-quarter was up 180 basis points.
If you control for that large transaction, it would be 130 basis points. It was 50 basis point impact on the net acquisition ratio. You really can't stop there because you got to look because of the different premium base and what it does on your operating expense ratio, and that really takes it back to another 60 basis points the other way. There's a point difference because of just pure premium size and where the loss ratio is on that as well. On a combined ratio point of view, it's hardly noticeable. On a component point of view, it had 50 basis points on acquisition. Depending on where you're looking, that's the answer.
Okay. That's helpful. Thank you.
Okay. Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Michael Zaremski from Credit Suisse. Please go ahead.
Hey, thanks. A couple of numbers questions, probably for Mark. Other expenses were well below previous quarter levels, and also any equity method investment returns were also, I think the absolute return levels were healthy, but also well below prior quarters. Any guidance on how to think about those going forward?
Yeah, Mike, let Mark answer it, but I know numbers, too.
I got you now.
The CEO wants to jump in on numbers questions, and I want to jump in on underwriting questions.
Go ahead, Mark.
First, just a clarification of your question. When you said expenses, are you talking investment expenses or operating expenses?
The operating expenses. The other expense line item, I think it was $7.8 million.
Okay. Well, I think in the insurance group, it was an improvement in the operating ratio, but that was really driven by the denominator, more than anything else. There wasn't big movement in it. Where you saw some movement was in the reinsurance group because of some platform expansions. As we've said in some other quarters, there's always some differences in quarter to quarter because of equity and how equity's recognized, especially with retirement eligible people. It creates some differences. There's a little bit, of course, of some front-ended mortgage related acquisition expenses that hit prior to receiving the premium that would be in this quarter.
We have no revenue yet from that. We're building a sales force. We're a little bit ahead on the MI because when the transaction closed, we want to be able to hit the road running, not putting our shorts in the locker room.
Got it. On the equity method investment income?
When it comes to that, there's not a ton that really jumps into my mind. That stuff from quarter to quarter can be all over the place. We do various analysis, of course, on it, like you might think, but there's no underlying causative trend that would be predictive if you're thinking in a forward sense.
We should just kind of think of it as alternative investments?
You should look at it as pretty lumpy. You should expect it. It's like the D&O business. It's going to be very, very lumpy. On a long-term basis, it's predictable. Quarter by quarter, it's not.
Okay. Last question, could you clarify the ultimate size and duration of the Tower Group arrangement? Is there any element of first mover advantage, if that business doesn't renew with the same party next year?
Well, the business is July 1 to year end. Because of the downgrade, we don't know how much they're going to write in the fourth quarter. In essence, there was the unearned premium reserve coming in, plus what they wrote in the third quarter, what they're going to write in the fourth quarter. After that, it depends what they want to buy, if there is any opportunities to come into an agreement on a going forward basis. All that is up to future negotiations, et cetera. This transaction has that finality to it. It's July 1 to December 31 of this year, including the unearned premium reserve coming for certain parts of their business. We didn't cover everything that they have.
Got it. Thank you.
Okay, thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Joshua Shanker from Deutsche Bank. Please go ahead. Proceed.
Yeah, good morning.
Hi.
How are you all doing?
Good.
Good.
Good. I just wanted to talk about tax a little bit. I listened to Mark's disclosure. I'm trying to understand what the true-up is and is tax rate a little higher than it used to be based on where you're writing business, or am I just imagining things?
Well, the interesting thing that I found out once I took over this job is how tax rates can move really as a function of either where cat or where prior period development winds up being by jurisdiction. Here's the big picture. The operations in the U.S. on both the reinsurance side and the insurance side are improving. We've been talking about that because of the margin expansion. That's naturally going to gravitate to U.S.-based enterprises on what remains onshore as being subject to tax. In the quarter by itself because of prior period development, you have to look at more of the skin underneath the onion as to where the prior period development was coming from. It's always annualized. We never forecast prior period development on a go-forward basis.
When it actually emerges in the quarter, we have to react to it, be cognizant of where it emanated from by jurisdiction, and give it the appropriate tax rates.
Okay.
Let me give you an example. This way you can focus on the example. If you wrote cat business a year ago or two years ago, and for whatever reason, the reserves were higher than needed, and now you're dropping those reserves in this quarter, that business will show a lot of underwriting profit. For that reason you're going to pay the appropriate tax because it's emanating from the U.S. Just an example just to see as to how improvement in results and increased profitability will increase the tax bite depending where you're writing the business.
As a proportion over time, would we expect if you guys are writing less reinsurance next year that the tax rate's probably going to go up a little bit more?
Quite frankly, I can't really predict that. Let's follow on Dinos' example for a minute. First of all, we'd like to use the cat example, but cat's only a piece of the pie here.
Right.
It's all lines of business and what prior years the prior period development's coming from. For example, next quarter until the analyses are done, I can't tell you what jurisdiction, what lines of business, and what accident years are going to show pluses or minuses. I'm not being coy. I'm just simply saying until the analysis is done, I can't tell you.
No. Directionally, Josh, you're in the right queue because if a U.S. operations, they're improving in profitability, the tax bite is going to be higher.
Okay. When I think about mortgage insurance, the taxing arrangements, how is that going to look on your tax rate going forward?
No different than anything else we do in the U.S. If we generate a lot of the business in the U.S., we got to pay the U.S. tax.
Will anything will be try and reinsure part of that back to Arch Reinsurance in Bermuda?
Yeah. There is some arrangements with Arch Re and other reinsurance. We don't have the entire reinsurance structure in front of us. We got to close the transaction, then we'll see as to how we're going to reinsure the business.
I will remind you, though, that you're asking a tax question. We don't expect it to be accretive until year three, maybe later into year three. Just keep that in mind.
Understood.
The earnings are not going to be on day one. It might be very profitable business, but by the time it starts dropping to the bottom line, it will take a couple of years.
Well, good luck landing that ship, I guess.
No, thanks. Thank you.
Take care. Thank you.
Okay. Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Charles Urbanski from BMO Capital Markets. Please proceed.
Good morning. Thanks for taking my call. Just one more follow-up on the mortgage insurer and sort of how you view that business, where it could be comparatively to the rest of the business. Do you have sort of lines on you would cap it at certain size? What could it grow to as a % of the overall book that you're doing now?
Well, listen, our expectations will be somewhere between 15% and 20% of what we do. It can be as high as one-third. We won't let it go beyond that, because like I said, we're in three businesses. We're in the reinsurance business, we're in the insurance business, and we're in the mortgage insurance business, both insurance and reinsurance. That's the three legs of the stool. It balances a little better. I used to balance on two legs, now I got three. At the end of the day, we like to be diversified. We don't like to overload, I don't care if it's the cat business or anything else, and put a lot of our eggs in one basket.
The way we structure that, if the opportunity is bigger, we have abilities to bring additional investors into the mix, and not own 100% of the mortgage insurance enterprise. We can own 80% or 70% with other investors that showed interest to come and partner with us. We got a lot of flexibility there, but my projections over the next three to five years, think of it as a 15% or 20% of our business. If things happen the way I envision them to happen, that's what it's going to be.
Would that be both on top line and operating income?
Well, the top line is different than the P&C world. On the operating income, once it gets into a steady state, it's going to be there. It might be a little north of that.
Yeah. I think on that range of the 15-20, there's so many unknowns. To the extent that the core business gets harder quicker, of course, there's going to be more growth there relative to mortgage insurance. That might be on the lower end of that 15% range. As the business stabilizes, though, which is the whole reason we went into it should become a higher proportion of the net income.
Okay. Just a little different side. In the insurance business, in the professional lines, you may have said this earlier and I missed it. Sort of two out of the last three quarters have seen some pullback. Is this on the basis of pricing not being adequate where you guys want or some sort of change or anything different going on and why we've seen the contraction there?
It's exactly what you said and what we said in the last couple of quarters. This was a purposeful pullback out of the U.K., continental Europe, and Australia, mostly because we, through repeated attempts, could not get the rate that we were seeking. With that inability to do it doesn't make sense. We purposely decided to pull back, and you should expect to see that next quarter as well.
Great. Thank you very much.
You're welcome.
Okay. Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Ryan Burns from Janney Montgomery Scott. Please proceed.
Great. Thanks for taking my call here. I guess, in your press release here, you noted that the underlying loss ratio in the reinsurance segment was kind of helped by the mix of more mortgage insurance business. Is that something you're going to look to continue doing next year? Just want to see if you guys have the risk appetite to do it on both the insurance and reinsurance side going forward.
I don't totally understand your question. The mortgage insurance will be a low loss ratio business. As we write more of that will have the effect on the loss ratio on the reinsurance business, because that's where we book it. Loss ratios for us, it depends always on our mix. Since we're a company who changes mix more often than most, the loss ratios, that's why we focus more on profitability and combined ratios, because the components of loss ratio, expense ratio, they're going to be moving around depending on what we do. What's coming in for the reinsurance business, it's the transactions we did with one major mortgage insurer, that we wrote a big quota share for them for two years in a row. That, it will continue to have that effect of lowering the loss ratio on the reinsurance sector.
The second part of your question was?
Well, yeah, I'm just trying to figure out, if you're writing on the reinsurance side, it sounds, I guess I don't know the expense ratio, but it sounds profitable. Is it just the ramp why it will take three years on the insurance side? Just trying to figure out why it take?
You got to build a portfolio and as you're building the portfolio, it's how you're earning the premium. Don't forget, the mortgage insurance duration is about seven years. Six, seven years, it depends. These are loans that mandated to buy mortgage insurance, that they have less than 20% down payment. Some of these loans, once the amortization schedule comes down to, and they have more than 20% equity in the house, they drop the insurance because they're not required to have it. For that reason, you getting a piece of the premium with every mortgage payment. It will take you quite a bit of time to ramp it up. When you do a reinsurance transaction, you're already reinsuring an existing book that is already in steady state. That's the difference between the two.
Got it. Great.
If your question was, do you anticipate us continuing to write on both sides of the house, insurance and reinsurance? The answer is yes.
Yes.
Just separately, just one numbers item. With the, I guess it looks like it's about just under $40 million of unearned premium left in the Tower transaction. Just want to figure out how we should think about how that will earn over the next couple of quarters. Is it mainly for Q1, Q2, and then a little bit in Q3, Q4? Is that the right way to think about it?
The unearned premium depends when they wrote the business. They might have wrote it in the first quarter, second quarter, maybe even a bit in the fourth quarter of 2012. The fourth quarter in 2012 already earned fully, right? Because by the end of the third quarter of this year, it earned. It earned in our third quarter this year. What they wrote in the first and second quarter will continue to earn until it cycles over the next year. All the policies that they wrote, they're annual policies. The earning pattern is 12 months.
Got you. Thank you.
Okay, thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Ian Gutterman from Balyasny. Please go ahead.
Hi, good morning, Dinos.
Hi, Ian. You're getting into lunch hour.
I'll be quick. I only have two.
Okay.
On the Tower transaction, obviously you have that downgrade clause. They've been downgraded. Why are you still committed to this deal? Have you had any change of thought? What would make you decide to back out given they've been downgraded?
Well, the business we underwrote, they already wrote before they were downgraded, the bulk of it, right? It's the unearned premium plus what they did in the third quarter. We don't know how much they're going to write in the fourth quarter. From an underwriting point of view, we don't expect them to deteriorate. They might have less volume because some people might not. They're not prepared as a company to go and just start slashing rates. In the condition they are, they're going to try to retain as much business as they have, and they try to maintain the rating structures they have. That's our expectation. That's part of our discussions we have with them. Their fourth quarter business, highly unpredictable as to how much is it going to be. We were originally estimating about $17 million-$18 million for the fourth quarter.
It might be less than that, significantly less, we don't know. Only time will tell. Overall, we're pleased with the entire transaction.
Got it. The other one on the investment portfolio, Mark's comment about the equities and the alternatives sort of giving you protection from fixed income if interest rates go up. I guess I'm wondering, is that really the right way to think about it? It would seem, is it probably reasonably consensus view that if interest rates go up, equity markets sell off, credit spreads gap out. It would seem they'd be all fairly highly correlated. Is it really going to protect you?
Don't forget, you're assuming our alternative investments is in the equity world only. We have a lot of high yield fixed income stuff that it will be uncorrelated with that. We have special funds that they invest in special situations. One that I can mention to you is we do the development and managing of parking spaces in China. I don't think that correlates with anything. We have some investments that they're in sectors that we have floating rates. The investments will go and follow floating rates. Think about it as more how much of our asset allocation should be in alternatives before you decide as to what type of alternatives we're going to do and what the expectation. A lot of what we do in alternative investments, we have an expectation of double-digit returns.
We're looking for 10% returns or better when we make these investments. That, of course, you can be a fool. If you're investing on something with expectation of 10, you're taking a lot more risk. We understand that. It will supplement the less risky stuff we do that we're getting 2% return.
There's already been a couple of quarters of exactly what Dinos just said about the performance and the extent of the performance of some of these alternatives as an ameliorating factor.
Got it. Thanks so much. Enjoy your lunch.
Okay. Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Rob Bogman from Capital Returns. Please proceed.
Ian Gutterman asked my question. Thank you.
Rob, it's all right. I got an extra sandwich for you.
Okay. Thank you. Our next question comes to line of Jay Gelb from Barclays. Please proceed.
Thank you. It'll be a quick one. The mortgage insurance opportunity. When you look three years out, when that can be accretive, what type of combined ratio assumption do you think is reasonable?
Don't think about combined ratios. Think about ROE. I think the business will produce mid double-digit ROEs.
Does that mean mid-teens?
Yes.
Okay. Thank you.
You're welcome.
Okay. Thank you. There are no further questions.
Well, thanks everybody. Enjoy your lunch. Looking forward to speaking with you next quarter. Have a good afternoon.
Thank you, ladies and gentlemen. That concludes our conference call for today. Thank you for joining us. You now may disconnect.