As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to your host, Judy Meehan, Vice President of Investor Relations for American Eagle. Thank you, Ms. Meehan. You may begin.
Good morning, everyone. Joining me today for our prepared remarks are Jay Schottenstein, Interim Chief Executive Officer, Roger Markfield, Chief Creative Director, and Mary Boland, Chief Financial and Administrative Officer. Also joining us for Q&A today are Simon Nankervis, EVP of Global Stores, Michael Rempell, Chief Operating Officer, and Jen Foyle, EVP and CMO of Aerie. Before we begin today's call, I need to remind you that we will make certain forward-looking statements. These statements are based upon information that represents the company's current expectations or beliefs. The results realized may differ materially from those expectations based on our risk factors included in our SEC filings. We've also posted a financial supplement on our website, which Mary will refer to. Now I'll turn the call over to Jay.
Okay. Good morning, everyone, and thanks for joining us. Although the second quarter was clearly not to our satisfaction, the results were slightly ahead of our expectations. In light of the challenges, the team managed the business well, accomplishing our goal of clearing through spring and summer inventories while delivering a stable merchandise margin. Second quarter revenues declined 2% in EPS of $0.03, was well below last year. Despite a really tough first half, we remain in solid financial condition, ending the quarter with $263 million in cash and no long-term debt. During the quarter, we've made good progress on our priorities to strengthen the business. Now let me provide a brief update and review of some highlights. It starts with delivering great merchandise assortments and an outstanding customer experience. The upcoming fall and holiday product lines are more consistent with what our customers expect from our brands.
The team has done a nice job refining the line, injecting better quality, and adjusting the merchandise presentation. Gradual improvements should continue as we approach the holiday season and continue into spring. Inventory levels are down from last year. It's our goal to plan conservatively and chase where we see demand, while ultimately reducing our reliance on promotions. As Roger will discuss, we've become more nimble and have tightened up our design and production process. Looking ahead, our priorities also include strengthening customer engagement, customer service, and operational efficiencies. Over the past year, we made significant investments in a number of these areas and are beginning to see the benefits and expect to see returns to the business over the next several years. First, our new state-of-the-art fulfillment center in Hazleton, Pennsylvania is up and running right on schedule.
The facility has added needed capacity to our online business and supports an omni-channel capability. We're able to significantly speed up delivery times, now reaching over 90% of our customers in two days or less. Next year, we will add store distribution to the facility, and over time, we expect unit processing costs to decline by at least 10%. Our buy online, ship from store capability is now in 255 stores. Ramping up further by holiday, BOSS is exceeding our expectations, delivering incremental sales. Over time, we also expect to benefit from lower store markdowns and see improved inventory utilization. Next, we've been making ongoing enhancements to our digital site, including the new denim shop, more on body display, and a 360-degree product view. Additionally, we are about to relaunch our mobile app, enabling a significantly faster and better shopping experience.
Lastly, we began piloting a new point-of-sale system that will be rolled out in 2015, providing improved speed integration with our e-commerce business and upgraded mobile checkout capabilities. With the completion of a number of these projects, next year we see capital spending will come down to roughly $150 million from approximately $230 million this year. We also remain focused on our expense reduction efforts. We've done a good job slowing expense growth, but this is not enough, and we continue to go after deeper reductions. As we rationalize our store fleet, we are evaluating our corporate expense structure. In fact, across our strategic plan initiatives, we are reevaluating, in some cases, repacing projects and ensuring we are distributing capital to deliver the highest potential returns.
Our international business performed well in the second quarter. We continue to see a strong global appetite for our brands. In November, we will enter the United Kingdom, opening company-owned and operated stores in three of the most popular shopping destinations in England. We believe our presence in these centers will provide good returns and a great foundation for further growth. Before I turn it over to Roger, let me comment that our CEO search is underway, and we remain committed to finding a strong successor to enhance performance and capitalize on opportunities. In the meantime, we have a very strong and talented team in place and continue to focus on executing our goals. With that, I'll turn the call over to Roger.
Thanks, Jay. Good morning, everyone. Second quarter results reflected ongoing headwinds within our sector of retail. Also, as we indicated earlier, our AE spring and summer assortments were not our best, and inventory was planned ahead of demand. With that said, our performance was slightly better than we expected, and we accomplished our goal of clearing through excess spring and summer inventory.
We saw favorability in our product costs, markdowns stabilized, and we delivered a higher merchandise margin in the quarter. Over the past several months, we've made progress laying the foundation for the future. Before I comment further, I'd like to make the following points. First, although markdowns were still at unsatisfactory levels, we have reduced our reliance on broad-based promotions. This is a significant opportunity for margin improvement as we move forward. Next, inventories are in good shape and planned down in the back half. We are keeping more open to buy and using our fast-track capability to chase demand. Third, we've realigned the design and merchandising teams to ensure we have the right talent in the right jobs and supported by the right process. We've made critical changes over the past several months, and I'm confident we are now in a much better place.
We've made some progress on the back-to-school floor set and expect to see improvements ramp up through holiday and into the spring season. We are telling the lifestyle story better, and our stores reflect a stronger point of view with key categories front and center. New trends in bottoms play to the strength of the American Eagle brand. New styles and rises are combined with updated fabrics on our tried-and-true fits. We've also introduced great variety and newness with joggers, leggings, soft pants, fleece, and twills. To address the change with new trends, our denim business was planned down to last year, and that's how it's trending. However, we are maintaining a less promotional stance. Denim is holding up well in a highly competitive landscape and remains a healthy and profitable business.
While challenges still exist in the macro and competitive landscape, we've seen incremental improvements from the first half and are somewhat encouraged by early selling, especially in the women's business. We plan to build on this success throughout the season and into spring. Last week, we launched our new national marketing campaign, I'm Perfect, our diverse 360-degree customer outreach across social media, in-store, digital, magazines, online video, and TV. It's critical that we continue to build brand awareness and strive for greater customer engagement. While we are confident, we are also realistic about the environment. Our plans provide greater flexibility to read and react to trends. Our merchandise planning and sourcing teams have done a great job tightening up production schedules, reducing lead times, and leaving more open to buy. Now on the Aerie brand. I must congratulate the teams for delivering a strong quarter.
Aerie achieved positive comps and higher margins in the second quarter. Across merchandising, marketing, and customer engagement, the teams executed extremely well. We leveraged Aerie's most popular bra fits into a successful swim business, and we're driving newness with exciting soft dressing trends. Bras and undies remain solid as well. We're pleased to see how Aerie customers are responding as we position the brand in proximity to the AE store, delivering a true shopping destination for our customers. The new Aerie side-by-side store design is exceeding expectations and driving improved four-wall productivity and profitability. The runway for Aerie is long, and we are very excited about the future opportunity. Looking ahead, our focus for both AE and Aerie is on continuous improvement across all areas. In addition to merchandising, we're working on customer engagement, customer service, and operational efficiencies.
Investments in infrastructure, technology, and digital, as Jay reviewed, will begin to deliver results and pave the way for improved performance. Overall, I'm extremely pleased with the team's performance. Working through a challenging and dynamic business environment is never easy. Yet, I'm proud of how everyone has pulled together and made quick adjustments to our process and plans. I'm certain that as we prioritize merchandise improvements and strengthen the customer experience, we will achieve the results we expect. With ongoing improvements domestically, strong acceptance and growth internationally, and the potential for Aerie, we are well-positioned for bottom-line growth. Thanks. Now I'll turn the call over to Mary.
Thanks, Roger. Good morning, everyone. Despite ongoing pressure in our sector, our second quarter performance came in slightly ahead of our expectations. Topline weakness caused the deleveraging of fixed expense. Compared to last year, markdowns improved as the quarter progressed, reflecting an improvement in our inventory position for the back-to-school season. Now looking at the details for the quarter. Total revenue declined 2% to $711 million, compared to $727 million last year. Revenue from new store growth, primarily factory and international, nearly offset the negative comps. Consolidated comparable sales declined 7%, following a 7% decrease last year. By brand, AE comps were down 8% and Aerie increased 9%. On a consolidated basis, transactions and the average transaction value declined. The average unit retail was down in the mid-single digits, largely driven by spring and summer clearance. Additional sales information can be found on page five of the presentation.
The gross margin of 33.4% declined 40 basis points. The comp decline caused buying, occupancy, and warehousing costs to increase 180 basis points as a rate to revenue. This was largely offset by favorability in merchandise and design costs, as well as a slight improvement in the markdown rate. SG&A expense of $190 million increased 2% from last year. As a rate to revenue, SG&A increased 110 basis points to 26.7%. Investments in advertising, international growth, new factory stores, and omni-channel initiatives drove the increase and were partially offset by reductions in overhead and variable expenses. As Jay mentioned, we continue to work hard on further expense reductions, which we expect to ramp up as we progress through the year. Depreciation and amortization increased to $35 million, deleveraging 90 basis points, driven by omni-channel and technology investments, new factory and international stores, and the new fulfillment center.
Operating income for the quarter was $12 million compared to $29 million last year, and EPS of $0.03 decreased 70% from EPS of $0.10 last year. Turning to the balance sheet. Starting with inventory, which can be found on page six of the presentation. We ended the quarter with inventory at cost per foot down 18%, following a 1% decline last year. The year-over-year decline includes a change in the timing of inventory ownership. As a reminder, late last year, we began taking ownership at the receiving port rather than the port of departure, creating working capital efficiencies. Without this change, inventory at cost per foot decreased in the mid-single digits. We were able to effectively clear through excess spring and summer sale merchandise during the quarter, and as a result, we ended the period with clearance units well below last year and overall inventory levels on plan.
We expect third quarter ending inventory at cost per foot to decline in the low double digits with the change in ownership or a mid-single digit decline excluding the ownership change. We ended the second quarter with $263 million in cash and investments. Capital expenditures totaled $74 million for the quarter, and we continue to expect to spend approximately $230 million this year. As Jay mentioned, we expect CapEx to drop off to approximately $150 million in 2015. During the quarter, we opened 20 stores, including five new North American mainline stores opened in under-penetrated markets such as Las Vegas and Quebec City. We opened 10 factory stores, three stores in Mexico, and two stores in China. We closed five stores, including three AE mainline and two Aerie standalone locations. Additionally, we opened seven international licensed stores, ending the quarter with 84 stores across 13 countries.
Additional store information can be found on pages nine through 11. Now, regarding the outlook for the third quarter. Based on a slight decline in revenue and a mid-single digit decline in comparable sales, we expect third quarter EPS of $0.17 to $0.19. Our guidance compares to adjusted earnings of $0.19 per diluted share last year and excludes potential impairment and restructuring charges. We expect third quarter markdowns to decline, and SG&A is expected to increase in the mid-single digits. It's important to note that this follows a $13 million or 6% SG&A reduction in the third quarter last year, due in part to an incentive adjustment. Excluding this adjustment, SG&A is expected to increase this year in the low single digits. Yet, as Jay said, we are targeting further reductions. Now, I'd like to provide more details on our fleet repositioning.
The majority of our AE store fleet is healthy and generated four-wall profitability on a trailing 12-month basis. For the American Eagle stores, the average sales productivity of the fleet is over $400 per gross square foot, with double-digit four-wall profitability. That said, we continue to look at the entire store portfolio, evaluating sales trends to identify potential closures. Last quarter, we outlined our plans to close 100 AE and 50 Aerie stores over the next three years. These stores underperform the fleet, with average sales productivity of $250 per square foot. Of the closures, most are in B and C malls and geographically dispersed throughout North America. Our investments in factory and Aerie side-by-side stores are generating a return. Factory store productivity is over $600 a foot, and four-wall profitability is over 25%, well above the chain average.
As you know, part of our strategy for Aerie has been to close unprofitable standalone stores. Reposition the fleet at side-by-side locations next to our AE stores. In 2014, we plan to close 27 standalone stores and open 29 side-by-side locations. Early results have been very favorable, with new side-by-side locations more profitable and nearly 30% more productive than Aerie standalone stores. Additionally, the majority have also produced a lift of comps in the adjacent mainline store. Lastly, we are highly focused on deeper expense reductions to fuel stronger margins and enable us to fund strategic investments necessary for our long-term success. Thanks for listening, and now we'll take your questions.
Thank you. At this time, we'll be conducting a question and answer session. In the interest of time, we ask that you please limit yourselves to one question each. If you'd like to ask a question, please press *1 on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you'd like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. Once again, if you'd like to be placed in the question queue, please press *1 at this time, and we do ask that you please limit yourself to one question. Our first question today is coming from Matt McClintock, Analyst from Barclays. Please proceed with your question.
Hi, good morning, everyone. This is Gregory Bagley on for Matt.
Hi, Greg.
Just wondering if you could talk about any early reads from back to school. Seems like most retailers are pretty positive to date. Just any major category callouts and any difference in your strategy this year versus last. I just have one follow-up after that. Thanks.
Okay. Roger, we'll take that.
We don't want to give too much color. It's still only in the early part of back to school and certainly on a competitive spirit. I'd like not to give too much information, but we're relatively pleased with the way the business is trending. It's on our plan. Overall, the women's business really is picking up extremely better than what we would've thought.
Okay, great. Just on the international, China, you've been there for about a year now, and you're opening stores, and you alluded to moving into the U.K. Just wondering what gives you confidence with the consumers in those regions and your strategy. Any high-level stuff would be great.
Thanks. Simon, that's for you.
Greg, I think in relation to Greater China, it's probably a little bit early to talk about the profitability of the market. We're annualizing the acquisition of that business in October. We've seen some good improvement and early indications from our digital channel there that's been good and helping us refine the assortment. I think in relation to general customer demand and the appreciation from the customers, we've had an international business since 2010. We've seen good demand, and we've seen strengthening in our international locations, both the ones that we own ourselves and also the ones that are operated by our licensed partners. We have early indications, and based on that run rate, we still feel incredibly confident about our ability to execute and for customer engagement and acceptance of the brand.
Thank you. Our next question is coming from Simeon Siegel from Nomura Securities. Please proceed with your question.
Thanks. Good morning, guys. You mentioned opening the mainline stores in the under-penetrated markets, and I think you upped the FY 2014 opening plan. Can you speak to that opportunity? Then, Mary, can you just quickly talk to the gross margins implied within the Q2 guidance, given the clean inventories and the fact you're lapsing meaningful erosion in the back half? Thanks.
Hi, Simeon. It's Simon. Look, on the under-penetrated mainline stores, as part of our fleet rationalization, we've looked broadly across all the geographies. We identified certain markets, as we said in Q1, where the brand still had opportunity because we didn't have sufficient store concentration, nor have we seen an ability to drive significant opportunity through cross-shopping the various channels. A great example is Las Vegas, where we knew that we're under-penetrated, so we've identified those locations. We continue to look for opportunities, but the overriding thing is really to look at getting the North American fleet in total back to profitability. Part of that will be the continued focus on the rationalization, which will include remodels, store movements, but predominantly store closures over the next 12 months.
On gross margin for Q2, it deleveraged about 40 basis points. That was driven by our deleverage of BOW, which was almost offset by some favorability in our markdowns and our product costs. Fairly close to being flat versus LY. As I look forward to the back half of the year, not giving specific guidance on gross margin, but would expect for our gross margin rate to reach up something closer to the 37%-38% range in the back half of the year. We'll take the next question.
Thank you. Our next question is coming from Susan Anderson from FBR Capital Markets. Please proceed with your question.
Good morning. Thanks for taking my question. I was wondering if you could give some more color on the product cost efficiency in the second quarter, mainly the merchandise and design savings. Exactly what was that, and do you expect this to continue to flow through the rest of the year? Also, was this a bigger impact than the better markdowns? Thanks.
For the second quarter, the savings was really driven by great work by our sourcing team, just driving for efficiencies. There wasn't anything specific there, but more kind of across-the-board efficiency work. For the balance of the year, while the team continues to drive for efficiencies, what it looks like is we're basically flat for the back half of the year. Wouldn't expect to see any average unit cost impact in the back half of the year, one way or another.
Thank you. Our next question is coming from Paul Lejuez from Wells Fargo. Please proceed with your question.
Hey, thanks, guys. Can you talk about the performance at ECom? Also, if you could, by A, B, C, D, and outlet malls, where you saw the strongest performance. Then just secondly, I know you talked about cutting expenses. I'm wondering if, as you guys have had a deeper dive into the business, is there any areas that you feel that you've underspent or underinvested? Just trying to figure out how to think about SG&A growth longer term. Thanks.
Okay. We'll start with Michael Rempell on eCommerce.
Hey, Paul, it's Michael. About eCommerce, we're not breaking out eCommerce comps separately. What I would tell you is, we're pleased in the improvement in the run rate we saw between Q1 and Q2 in eCommerce. Some of the initiatives that we put in place, redesigning the site, contributed to a lift in conversion. We're expecting continuing improvement going forward. Like I said, we're pleased. We're not completely satisfied, we recognize there's a lot more opportunity. We're focused on mobile expansion, international expansion, and the flexible fulfillment project or ship from store that Jay talked about earlier.
Paul, in relation to the performance of the various brick and mortar channels, really, we didn't see a dramatic difference between A through D. Pretty much the comps were flat across the chain. As Mary said earlier, we're sort of seeing sales in that $400 gross per square foot. Factory still managed to maintain average sales around $600 gross per square foot.
In terms of SG&A growth longer term, as I mentioned, we're looking for SG&A to continue to increase on a consistent basis here in the low single digits. Having said that, we are aggressively pursuing further cost reduction here in the company, which you'll start to see some of that impact later this year into the first of next year. I think we're trying to balance a lot of things here. The need to continue to invest in advertising behind our brand to support in the market, and also trying to balance the short term with the long term. We're looking at areas of the business that are attached to the declining part of the business, which is brick and mortar, and trying to continue to rationalize that cost base. We still need to invest for the long term here because that's what this is about.
Trying to balance all of that together, and we'll continue to stay focused on expense reduction and keep you posted.
Thank you. Our next question is coming from Randal Konik from Jefferies. Please proceed with your question.
Thanks a lot. I guess in the presentation, it said that the transaction counts were down slightly. Is there any color if the transaction counts turned positive in the last month in the quarter? With regard to the merchandise margins, I think you said they were up. Is that really a function of better planning of inventory, or are you seeing a better sell-through rate on the product? Lastly, on the CapEx guidance, you gave CapEx guidance of $150 million for next year. Is that a number that can come down further in a year after that? Just trying to think about what is maintenance type CapEx levels. Thanks.
Okay. The CapEx, historically, the company has spent around $100 million-$200 million, depending on the year. We're planning, as we said, at about $150 million. I think as we look at our business and our growth potential, we'll need to continue to invest outside the U.S. I think $150 million is probably, at this point in time, about the best planning number to use going forward. Your question on merch margin. The merch dollars were pretty flat here for Q2. We did improve the rate here pretty significantly. Lots of things drove that. As I look forward at our merch margin, we've got product improvements that the team have been working on. We're focused on marketing. We do continue to focus on inventory, and that's a big component of this to help drive down our markdown rate.
We'll see that markdown rate continue to decline as the year goes on. It's not really any one single item. It's a combination of a lot of effort across the company.
Thank you. Our next question today is coming from Stephanie Wissink from Piper Jaffray. Please proceed with your question.
Hi. Good morning, everyone. Thanks for taking our questions. Just a real quick clarification, I think in respect to Paul's earlier question on the expense reduction. Mary, could you give us a sense on the balance between kind of headquarters level expenses and what you expect to be looking for at the store level in terms of drawbacks? Roger, if I could put one in front of you as well on the Aerie business. Could you talk a little bit about the mix of that business relative to what it's been historically between intimate lounge and maybe even into the activewear category? Thank you.
Regarding the expense reduction, what's most important here for us is that we maintain our great customer experience. That's critical to our brand. We're always very careful about how we look at expense reduction in our stores. Having said that, there's efficiencies to be found everywhere, including our stores. Simon and team continue to focus on that and drive efficiencies. I would say a lot of the focus here, though, does need to be on the overhead side, the corporate overhead side. As the company's revenue has been relatively flat, we need to continue to drive for actual reductions there, that's what we're working on.
Yes, Stephanie, I'm fortunate to have Jennifer Foyle here with me, who's leading that Aerie great business, I'll let her give you her comments.
Hi, Stephanie. How are you? We're excited about the focus on the intimate apparel portion of the business in Aerie. We've penetrated that business, we're winning there because of really investing in bras and undies. That penetration is about 65% of the total, the balance resides in mirroring categories such as swim and lounge, which is really the balance of the assortment.
Thank you.
Thank you. Our next question today is coming from Thomas Finucane from SIG. Please proceed with your question.
Hi. Thanks. I'd like to offer some congratulations on a well-managed quarter in a tough environment. Hey, Roger, can you please discuss maybe some of your forward merchandising views in the business for fall and holiday, and where do you see the greatest opportunity? In terms of the current season as well as holiday, can you tell us if there have been any changes in SKU count and how you're viewing AUR? Just quickly, kudos to Jen and the team for the Aerie performance. Can you guys remind me the size and profit profile of that business? Thank you very much.
Tom, thanks for your note. At the same time, I don't really expect that you expect that I will give much detail on what you asked for. I will tell you that I definitely expect the average unit retail to continue to increase.
Aerie profit profile.
Yeah. The Aerie overall profitability is accretive to our bottom line. As the team has gone through and assorted or changed the assortment here over time, as we're moving out of the standalone into the side by side, we're seeing further improvement in profitability and a great improvement in overall productivity. Continue to see great improvement in the Aerie profitability, and we expect that trend to continue.
Thank you. Our next question today is coming from Adrienne Yih-Tennant from Janney Capital Markets. Please proceed with your question.
Let me add the nice progress on the inventory management. Roger, I wanted to talk to you about, you made some comments about lowering your inventory or down inventory investment in the denim category. What percentage is that of kind of back-to-school fall sales? Earlier in the year, you had changed to investing more in commodities or I should say basic fashion basics. I am just wondering if you can talk about that mix shift for the fall season as well. Thank you.
I think I can give you a little color without giving you percentages.
Okay.
Certainly, we have a very healthy and profitable denim business. As you know, our market share is well over 30% in the denim space, which is quite frankly, a huge market share. I believe we're maintaining that level of market share and probably growing it. I think our denim assortment is quite significantly better than it's ever been before. As relates to fashion mix, we have core fashion, and we have fashion. The way we have the mix now with tighter inventories and the way we're chasing, especially on the women's top business, is really working nicely for us.
Great. Thank you very much.
Thank you. Our next question today is coming from Brian Tunick from JP Morgan. Please proceed with your question.
Thanks. Morning. Hoping to get maybe a couple of quick liners on the factory comp declines in the quarter. Also, your view on the men's business that's been decelerating. Just maybe any comments on the port strike and any impact that could have on product flows or ship versus boat costs. Thanks very much.
I'll talk to you, Brian, quickly about the factory comp declines. What we saw is, last year, if you recall, we opened a lot of factory stores, and what we think we've seen in Q2 is the hangover from those initial openings and the enthusiasm of a number of new malls opening, plus the rapid expansion that we had into that. What we're seeing now is a settling down of the run rate into more normalized levels of the chain historically.
On the men's business, you recognize that men's is a bit more of a commodity-driven business than the women's business, which is more fashion oriented. The price pressure in the malls is quite dramatic, and we choose not to meet those prices. Our quality of our product, I believe, is that much better. For holiday, it is significantly better, and I think we'll start to see a change in trend as we move men's into holiday.
Port strike, Michael.
Right. On the port strike, it's obviously something that we're watching very carefully. The team does have contingencies in place should a strike occur. As of now, it's kind of a wait-and-see game, and hopefully, we'll get through holiday without an impact.
Thank you. Our next question today is coming from Anna Andreeva from Oppenheimer. Please proceed with your question.
Great. Thanks so much for taking my question. Great to hear about improvements in the business for back to school. I guess the question, are you guys running in line with negative mid-single-digit comp guidance, or do you need business to accelerate to get there? Maybe remind us of how your comparisons shook out in September and October versus August. A question to Mary. With CapEx levels coming down next year, just maybe remind us how much cash cushion you guys need on the balance sheet, and any updated thoughts on the share buyback. Thanks.
Okay. That's a lot of questions.
Yeah. Our guidance on comps was down mid-single digits. That's how we think the third quarter will play out. We're not looking for any huge trend over the coming months. We don't give monthly comp guidance, so I'll just leave it there at the quarter. In terms of the cash cushion, we've always said, on an annual basis, we need somewhere around $200 million to $250 million cushion to make sure we have enough cash to weather anything that comes our way. We're in great shape here, ending the quarter at $263 million of cash and feel good about that. In terms of share buybacks and shareholder return, again, our focus continues to be investing in our business and investing for long-term growth. We provide shareholder return through outstanding dividend, and we continue to evaluate the possibility of share buybacks.
Thank you. Our next question today is coming from Richard Jaffe from Stifel. Please proceed with your question.
Thanks very much. Just a working model question and then a follow-up to the margin question. First, the tax rate for the second half, where do you think that'll end up? Then a bigger question. Gross margins of 37% to 38% in the second half, really terrific, and wondering if that's as much a factor of much leaner inventories and a much more disciplined approach to markdowns as it is to full price selling. Wondering how you're seeing one factor versus the other impact the numbers, and that said, what you're basing the margin outlook on.
Yeah. The tax rate for the year, we're expected to kind of settle in here at about 44%, somewhere in that ballpark. Obviously, we'll come down here in Q3 and Q4 from where we've been pacing the first half of the year. As I look at gross margin in the back half of the year, it is really about more effectively managing our inventory and investing the inventory, chasing inventory on product lines that are really working versus getting out of balance with the total trend. Leaner inventories mean less markdowns. As we said earlier, we saw our markdown rates start to improve as we've gone away from as many box off promotions versus last year, and we expect to see that continue. We're seeing that in August as well.
I feel pretty good about the combination of product, the combination of focused marketing, the continued focus on inventory here. All of that should result in a lower markdown rate and help drive our gross margin up.
The next-
Nope. I think we lost you. Nope. Next question.
Our next question is coming from Jennifer Davis from Buckingham Research Group. Please proceed with your question.
Hey, guys. Can you hear me now? Sorry about that.
Yeah.
Good morning. Let me add my congratulations on good performance in a really tough environment. I had a quick clarification. Then I wanted to see, Mary, if you could discuss AUCs for maybe the first half of next year, especially with cotton down at about 64%. Clarification, how much of the merchandise margin rate, I guess, is driven by better cost versus lower markdowns? I'm just trying to reconcile the decline in AUR because of more spring and summer clearance with the merchandise margin improvement. Was it just more spring and summer sales in general in the second quarter versus fall sales?
Yeah. I'll just handle the merch margin question. Then Michael will talk about average unit cost. When you look at Q2, we did see some favorability here in our product costing, which did help our merch margin. Our markdowns improved about, looks like about 40 basis points in Q2 versus LY. A fair amount. That was part of the improvement, but more of it was driven by the product cost side of that. As we move forward, though, what I would say is that the merch margin improvement will flip around and be mostly driven by markdown improvement.
Michael.
Right. It's really too early to give a forward view of what product costs are going to be for spring and summers. We're trying to work closer to those seasons. What I will tell you is we are carefully watching cotton prices. If they stay where they are or go down further, we have a lot of cotton in our product, and I would expect we would see some benefit flow through the product costing.
Thank you. Our next question today is coming from Dorothy Lakner from Topeka Capital Markets. Please proceed with your question.
Thanks. Let me add my congratulations on managing through a really tough period and making really good progress here. I had a question for Roger. Just if you could give us a little bit more color on where you are in terms of how much open-to-buy you're keeping and how much of the assortment you're able to fast track at this point. Thanks.
Dorothy, we have the process really tightened up the way we used to run the business. We are keeping the right amount of inventory open to chase. We're now chasing, we set our next set on 9/11, which is the fall set, and there is probably about 20% of that inventory was chased. We're working on holiday. We have an extraction that will take place in our stores at the end of this month on holiday. After we read that extraction, we'll go into chase mode for holiday.
The fast tracking?
Well, that is fast tracking.
Thank you. Our next question is coming from Oliver Chen from Cowen & Company. Please proceed with your question.
Hi, guys. Great job on a tough environment. Regarding your product planning and what you're seeing for the bottoms trends and the softer dressing, the jeggings and the leggings, how does that dynamic work with the lower average unit retail versus denim? Will the transactions there be able to offset a potential AUR mix headwinds? Then Mary, thanks for the details on the gross margin side. Looking forward, are there certain classifications that you're more enthusiastic about in terms of merch margin expansion opportunities?
On the average unit retail question, obviously, we follow trend of product, and we let the average unit retail come out where it comes out in the mix. With the reduction of markdowns and the sell-throughs that we're getting in the women's product, I still believe the average unit retail will be rising. What's very good for us with all of these bottom trends taking place, other than denim, we're very well positioned for that trend.
I think in terms of the gross margin, looking forward at our product portfolio here for the back half of the year and seeing the improvements in product that Roger and Jen and the entire team are driving, encouraged by what we're seeing. I think, honestly, as we sit here today, how I think about planning forward is just keeping inventories in line, making sure we're chasing only what we need to chase, and being able to drive a markdown improvement by not having to go big box promotional. I think the product will speak for itself once it's out, and we'll see what kind of results it delivers.
Thank you. Our next question today is coming from John Morris from BMO Capital Markets. Please proceed with your question.
Thanks. Really nice progress for the entire team. Mary, question for you. Roger had very good comments, constructive comments about the start to back to school and pleased with where they are and the women's trending better yet. You are planning negative mid-single-digit comp for Q3, although we're up against an easier compare on the same inventory lean level. I'm wondering if there's any consideration there for, I guess, the cautious guidance.
I think that I wouldn't call it cautious guidance. It's our guidance. When we look at all the variables that we have playing here for Q3, we feel confident in that guidance, and based on what we're seeing as an early read. Again, we're really trying to move ourselves away from the big box off the promotions that we ran last year. We started that journey here in the second quarter and into that journey as we speak. Expect to see the bottom line results improve as we continue on in the quarter.
Thank you. Our next question today is coming from Janet Kloppenburg from JJK Research. Please proceed with your question. Ms. Kloppenburg, your line is now live. Perhaps your phone is on mute. Our next question today is coming from Jennifer Black from Jennifer Black & Associates. Please proceed with your question.
Good morning. Congrats. Your side by sides look amazing. I wondered if you could talk a little bit about your rewards program and what type of changes we could expect to see in the back half of the year. I wondered how many active members you have. That's my question.
We're sitting right now with close to 13 million reward customers, loyalty customers, and that's up double digits. I really feel good when I see that with the strength of the brand. We're in the midst of reworking the whole loyalty program, even though it's successful. When we complete our analysis and what we're going to do, I'll let you know.
Okay. Do you have any comments about your marketing for holiday season?
We're in conversation right now, and Mary and Jay and myself and the team, we all believe in marketing the brand. It's a very powerful brand. We like where we are with the campaign that we have in place now, "#ImperfectlyMe," which is resonating, and we'll continue to do something through the holiday season.
Thank you. Our next question today is coming from Janet Kloppenburg from JJK Research. Please proceed with your question.
Can you hear me?
Yes, Janet.
Yes, Janet.
Okay. Thank you, and congratulations on the progress. Just a couple of quick questions. Roger, you talked about the downtrending denim cycle. I wondered if you thought that would continue into the spring. Secondly, I wondered if your investments in the alternative bottom was appropriate now or if that will be building. It looks a little light to me in the stores. I don't know about in the direct channel. Mary, I know you didn't want to talk about current comp trends, but I was wondering if your encouragement on the business for the back half might be related to business trends improving slightly as the back-to-school product arrives in mid-July. Thank you.
Well, I never have a crystal ball, but my sense is that the denim cycle will continue to be a bit soft. It's still, as I said before, a dominant business. Very healthy and very profitable. The other categories, the legging business, the jegging business, the soft dressing businesses will continue, obviously into spring, and we're obviously in chase mode, and you'll see that in our next set of windows. I feel pretty good about where we're moving to and how we are positioned.
Regarding the comp trend, as the Q3 guidance is down mid-single digits, as we look to Q4, would expect to see some improvement versus LY. We had a really tough Q4 last year, expecting to see some improvement versus LY.
Thank you. Our next question today is coming from Betty Chen from Mizuho Securities. Please proceed with your question.
Good morning, everyone. My congratulations as well. I was wondering, Mary, if you can clarify in terms of the inventory at the end of Q3, total cost will be down. How should we think about unit changes year-over-year? Then also in terms of the comp lift you're seeing in adjacent American Eagle stores next to the Aerie side-by-side, what sort of comp lift are you seeing? Then lastly for Roger, are you also seeing some success with the top business as you see the better sell-through in the bottoms? How are you feeling about some of the new fashion trends, if any, as we go from holiday into the spring season? Thanks.
In terms of the unit inventory, we're down in Q2, looks like about 13% roughly, would expect to see something similar to that in Q3 versus LY. Regarding the comp lift to the AE box with Aerie side by side. Look, it's early to declare a number or declare a success. I would say early read, we're seeing a bit, we'll just keep you posted as we get more experience under our belt.
Okay.
The women's top business is strong, we're in real speed sourcing chase at this point in time. The swing from where we were in first and second quarter to where we are in the third quarter is quite dramatic.
Kevin, we'll take one more question.
Thank you. Our next question is coming from Jeff Van Sinderen from B. Riley. Please proceed with your question.
Thanks. Just to clarify. Mary, I think you said improvement versus last year for Q4. Just wanted to clarify on that, you mean positive comps, correct?
No. We're not giving guidance here for Q4. I think what I was trying to articulate is that we expect to see improvement, a bit of an improvement in our trend based on the strength of all the work the team has done here on the product. In my view.
Any update you can give us on the longer term outlook for real estate? Are you leaning more toward closing more than the 100 stores I think you've talked about for the next few years? Or would you be leaning toward just keeping it at that at this point?
Look, Jeff, it's Simon. Where we're at at the moment is we've got 150 stores, including Aerie, that we've identified for closure. We've got another 200 stores that have leases expiring over the next three years. As we're moving through the business, as we're seeing the customers' traffic patterns change between the digital channel and the brick and mortar channel, we'll change our focus and update the strategy accordingly.
Thank you. That concludes today's teleconference. You may disconnect your lines at this time and have a wonderful day. We thank you for your participation today.