Good day, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to Ambarella's fourth quarter and full year 2022 earnings call. At this time, all participant lines are in listen-only mode. After the presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. To ask a question during the session, you'll need to press Star, then one on your telephone keypad. Please be advised today's conference may be recorded. If you require operator assistance during the call, please press Star then zero. I'd now like to hand the conference over to Louis Gerhardy, Corporate Development. Please go ahead.
Thank you, Liz. Good afternoon, and thank you for joining our fourth quarter and fiscal year 2022 financial results conference call. On the call with me today is Dr. Fermi Wang, President and CEO, and John Young, VP of Finance. The primary purpose of today's call is to provide you with information regarding our fourth quarter and fiscal year 2022 results. The discussion today and the responses to your questions will contain forward-looking statements regarding our projected financial results, financial prospects, market growth, and demand for our solutions, among other things. These statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Should any of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should our assumptions prove to be incorrect, our actual results could differ materially from these forward-looking statements. We're under no obligation to update these statements.
These risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, as well as other information on potential risk factors that could affect our financial results, are more fully described in the documents that we file with the SEC, including the annual report on Form 10-K that we filed on March 31st, 2021 for the fiscal year 2021 ending January 31st, 2021, and the Form 10-Q filed on December 10th, 2021 for the third quarter of fiscal year 2022, ending October 31st, 2021. Access to our fourth quarter and fiscal year 2022 results press release, historical results, SEC filings, and a replay and prepared transcripts of today's call can be found on the investor relations portion of our website. Fermi will first provide a business update for the quarter and the full year.
John will review the financial results, and then Fermi, John, and I will be available for your questions. With that, I turn it over to Fermi.
Thank you, Louis, and good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining our call today. Fiscal year 2022 represented an inflection year for Ambarella, with numerous milestones achieved. Record revenue of $332 million was up 49% year-over-year, with CV revenue more than tripling to exceed 25% of total revenue and driving blended ASPs higher. It was the first year where CV delivered a material contribution to our operating results, enabling non-GAAP operating margin to reach 19% versus 4% the prior year. CV revenue Wave two, Smart Home, became material during the year as expected, and we are pleased to announce CV revenue from Wave three Automotive also became material during the year. This occurred more than a year ahead of the guidance originally provided in June 2019. Turning to products.
We expect CV5, our first 5-nanometer SoC, to begin mass production in the second half of fiscal year 2023. While CV3, our second 5-nanometer SoC, a 10 billion transistor automotive domain controller, has tape-out and is expected to sample this year. There is a strong and broad-based demand for our CV products. At the end of the year, we have cumulatively shipped more than 6 million CV SoCs to more than 275 unique CV customers across many verticals. Looking to fiscal year 2023, geopolitical and public health headwinds persist, and the market forecasters predict real global GDP and the semiconductor industry growth rates will decelerate. There is a continuation of supply chain challenges, and in February we were informed our 40-nanometer supply from Samsung will be constrained.
At this time, we anticipate an adverse impact to our video processor revenue of approximately $5 million in Q2. Despite these headwinds, we see the secular forces from the digital transformation remaining very strong. In particular, demand for our deep learning AI processors for IoT endpoints. A majority of our customers design activity is now on CV, and we expect CV revenue to reach 45% of our total revenue in fiscal year 2023, driving a further increase in our blended average selling price as fewer of the lower ASP video processors are shipped. Now I will provide some representative market and product development activity during the quarter. We hit the road running in the first week of January, hosting our annual technology showcase held during CES in Las Vegas and announcing our new CV3 AI domain controller.
We held over 35 live technology demonstrations, including our latest EVA autonomous vehicles, Oculii radar technology running both automotive and security applications. Numerous IoT robotics and partner demonstrations. The automotive partner demonstration, including ADAS implementation from software partners, Autobrains and Helm.ai, as well as drive monitoring demos from Seeing Machines and Cipia. All running on our CV4 SoCs. On January 4th, we launched CV3, our AI domain controller SoC family for single chip, multi-sensor perception, fusion, and path planning in ADAS to level 4 autonomous vehicles. This scalable power efficient CV4 family of SoC provides the automotive industry highest AI processing performance at up to 500 TOPS, representing a 42 times increase over Ambarella's CV2 and 160 times CV22.
The first CV3 family member is fabricated in 5-nanometer process technology and enables centralized single-chip processing for multi-sensor perception, including high-resolution video, radar, including Oculii software, and other sensor modalities. The family's unique hardware scalability allows automakers to unify their software stack across their entire product portfolios, while reducing the cost and the complexity of software development. We have received significant interest in CV3 from leading automotive OEMs and their tier ones following the announcement. In addition to automotive applications, we will be developing CV3 SoC derivatives targeting other markets, including security camera and robotic applications. This new CV3 family SoCs will leverage an increased performance over the third-generation CV2 architecture, which provides over three times the power efficiency of the previous CV2 generation. In January, we announced our new artificial intelligence image signal processor.
This new ISP architecture uses neural networks to augment the image processing done by the hardware ISP integrated into our CV SoCs. We demonstrated it live during the show, showing full frame rate HD video capture under 0.03 lux lighting conditions, or almost complete darkness. We believe this technology will begin shipping in all of our markets as the higher quality video data not only improves visibility in human viewing applications, but also improves the accuracy of AI processing algorithms under challenging lighting conditions. During the quarter, we made a number of automotive partnership announcements. We announced our collaboration with Autobrains, a developer of a self-learning AI for assisted and autonomous driving to deliver a scalable range of AI solutions ranging from ADAS to higher level autonomy for automotive mass market.
At the show, we demonstrated the Autobrains ADAS software running on a single CV2A automotive SoC. The collaboration will deliver higher resolution from ADAS solution targeting compliance with five-star NCAP standards. We also announced our partnership with Seeing Machines, the industry's leading computer vision technology company for driver monitor applications. We demonstrate the Seeing Machines software running on our CVflow AI platform. The partnership will enable the delivery of a complete integrated DMS and ADAS solution. We're also seeing new opportunities in automotive applications employing cameras for security, access control, and customization of personal settings.
During the quarter, Hyundai introduced its Genesis GV60 SUV with a Face Connect feature that recognize driver's face, open and closes vehicle doors, and provides customized setting for the driver using near-infrared cameras and deep learning technology. The face recognition module is based on Ambarella's CV25AQ automotive SoC.
Also during the quarter, Rivian began shipments of its first consumer SUV, the R1S, and its first commercial vehicle, the new EDV 700 delivery van, designed in close collaboration with Amazon. As announced by Rivian, R1 family comprised of the R1S and the R1T has 71,000 vehicle pre-ordered, while Amazon has placed an initial order for 100,000 of the vans. Both R1S and the EDV 700 have a camera platform based on Ambarella solutions, with multiple Ambarella CV2 SoCs being utilized for Rivian's autopilot, called Driver+, Gear Guard, and Surround View systems. The EDV 700 delivery van also includes stereo forward-facing cameras enabled by CV2 built-in stereo processing capability. The rapid design and deployment of these vehicles, in addition to our other automotive product production wins, reflects the maturity of our CV4 SoC and the development tools.
In February, the U.S. Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration issued a final rule allowing automakers to install adaptive driving beam or ADB headlights on new vehicles. Adaptive driving beam headlight systems are useful for distance illumination of pedestrians, animals, and objects without reducing the visibility of drivers in oncoming vehicles. The use of cameras with AI-based perception to intelligently control the headlight beams represents a new opportunity for Ambarella's CV4 SoC. In December, we announced an early win in this area with Chinese automotive visual technology company, HASCO Vision and IM Motors. A new automotive technology company jointly created by SAIC Group, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech, and Alibaba Group. At the 2021 Shanghai Auto Show, IM Motors announced its new L7 electric vehicle, which began sales in February.
It includes an intelligent DLP lighting system based on our CV22AQ automotive SoC that can perceive the driving environment and provide visual warnings to pedestrians, as well as automatically adjust the width of the headlight beams under narrowing road conditions. In China during the quarter, Hycan, an EV vehicle joint venture between GAC Group and the electric car maker NIO, introduced its Z03 SUV. The Z03 includes a Hycan Pilot Two, an intelligent driving assistance systems based on our CV2AQ SoC, and supplied by tier one MAXIEYE. Now I will talk about some of our IoT customers' product introduction during the last quarter. In the enterprise camera market, Motorola Solutions announced the expansion of its license plate recognition portfolio with the introduction of the L6Q camera based on our CV25 SoC.
The L6Q can accurately scan vehicle moving at up to 75 miles per hour and up to 70 feet away. It can be powered by battery, solar panel, or AC-DC power and can operate in complete darkness. Also, in the enterprise and public market, Verkada introduced its CD42 and the CD52 dome cameras based on our CV25 SoC. The Panasonic i-PRO Sensing Solutions introduces i-PRO mini, a versatile network camera based on our CV22 SoC. In the smart home market, Comcast introduced its first video doorbell, the Xfinity Video Doorbell. Based on our SoC, it supports 1080p HD video, crystal clear night vision, and a wider 4:3 aspect ratio that allows you to see more of your doorstep.
In the same market, Ubiquiti introduces G4 Doorbell Pro, a Wi-Fi enabled video doorbell with a primary five-megapixel camera and a second eight-megapixel package camera. Ubiquiti also began shipping its AI 360 PTZ camera, which provides panoramic overhead surveillance and is based on our CV25 SoC. We are also seeing opportunities in new AI camera IoT applications, including robotics and video conferencing. During CES, HMS, an AI factory automation company based in Japan, announced and demonstrated its new SiNGRAY AI 3D camera designed for robotic and Industry 4.0 applications. In this application, Ambarella CV25 SoC does the camera perception and fusion, combining the RGB camera and the ToF dual sensors. The product is being supplied to Japanese robotic leader, Yaskawa, for robotic arm application.
In video conferencing application, an example of one of our first wins is from INNOTRIK, a Chinese-based leader in communications and video conferencing. Their new UV430 series, Ultra HD PTZ video conferencing camera based on our CV22 SoC, offers 4K 60 video, 25x optical zoom, and the pan-tilt-zoom operation. In summary, this engagement indicates we are successfully leveraging our state-of-the-art human viewing video processor expertise into markets for high bandwidth AI processors in machine sensing IoT edge endpoints. Much of the early CV growth we have experienced has been driven by new product cycles in existing markets like security cameras. We are extremely excited about the penetration we are achieving in multiple new market verticals, like the robotic arm, automotive headlamp, or automotive access control mentioned earlier.
The mega trends for security, safety, automation, and eventually complete autonomy or robotics are key drivers in our market, and it is key driver for our SoC expansion, increasing from about $4 billion this year to approach $10 billion in calendar year 2027. With the breadth of our SoCs expanding, the market opportunities are now much larger. We are engaged in discussion with multiple customer where the lifetime revenue of any one program could be more than 20x higher than what we have experienced in the past. With evidence mounting, we are more convinced in the positive secular trends of our AI products. In order to sustain and grow our leadership position, we have and will continue to make a premium investment in our differentiated semiconductor and software R&D.
Our organic R&D investment leads the way and has been augmented with our synergistic acquisition of HD radar leader, Oculii. Our R&D investment includes new perception technology development, deep fusion for cameras and radars, automotive functional safety, next generation processor on 3 or 4 nanometer technology, and software modules higher up the stack. I would like to provide an update on Oculii about four months after we announced the acquisition. We are very pleased with customer interest and activity with our proprietary HD radar products and the many cross-selling opportunities we discussed with customers during CES this year. Since the acquisition, we have seen a significant pickup in the number of radar module customers. In fact, during Q4, we shipped a record number of 77-GHz radar modules.
We understand many of these customers are evaluating the technology for their production programs, and we plan to continue to aggressively hire to support the strong interest and outlook for our HD radar technology. In conclusion, after 5+ years of Edge AI investment, fiscal year 2022 represented a firm inflection for Ambarella. While decisively established, we are still in the very early inning of the AIoT market development. We are very pleased with our progress. Evidence continues to build, and we remain convinced the market opportunity is very significant. We are committed to sustaining our strong investment to capitalize on our leadership position.
Along the way, we are committed to deliver positive operating leverage at the $500 million and the $1 billion annual revenue milestones as indicated during our capital market days in January. With that, John will now provide our prepared financial comments.
I will review the financial highlights for the fourth quarter and the full fiscal year 2022, ending on January 31st, 2022, and provide a financial outlook for our first quarter of fiscal year 2023, ending on April 30th, 2022. I will be discussing non-GAAP results and ask that you refer to today's press release for a detailed reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP results. For non-GAAP reporting, we have eliminated stock-based compensation expense and acquisition-related costs adjusted for the impact of taxes. Fiscal year 2022 revenue increased 49% year-over-year to $331.9 million. Security camera revenue was close to 65% of total revenue, up more than 50% year-over-year. Auto revenue more than doubled year-over-year and represented almost 25% of total revenue.
Our other business declined roughly 20% year-over-year to represent slightly more than 10% of revenue. For fiscal year 2022, non-GAAP gross margin was 63.4%, up from 61.4% in fiscal year 2021. Despite some higher costs and expenses, our customer mix and product mix improved, and the pricing environment was relatively stable. Non-GAAP operating expenses increased 15% for the year, with the majority of this increase in our organic R&D investment. For the 14th consecutive year, we reported positive annual operating cash flow, which was $38.8 million in fiscal 2022. With no debt, net cash on hand totaled $171 million at the end of the year.
Q4 revenue of $90.2 million was slightly above the midpoint of our guidance range, with CV ending the year on a strong note. Q4 revenue declined 2% sequentially, well above the five-year average of down about 10% sequentially. With several new video processor and computer vision programs commencing production, auto revenue increased more than 30% sequentially. Security camera and other revenue declined about 10% sequentially. Non-GAAP gross margin for Q4 was 64.8%, above the high end of our guidance range of 63%-64%. Despite some increased costs, the more diversified nature of our business, a relatively stable pricing environment, and a richer customer and product mix all contributed to this strong gross margin performance. Non-GAAP operating expense for the fourth quarter was $40.3 million, compared to $35.6 million in Q3.
This was slightly above the midpoint of our guidance range of $39 million-$41 million. Non-GAAP net income for Q4 was $17.9 million or $0.45 per diluted share, compared to $22.2 million or $0.57 per diluted share in the third quarter. In the fourth quarter, the non-GAAP earnings per share were based on 39.7 million shares. Total headcount at the end of the fourth quarter was 899, with about 82% of employees dedicated to engineering, most of whom are focused on software. Approximately 65% of our total headcount is located in Asia. In Q4, we generated positive operating cash flow of $20.6 million.
Total accounts receivable at the end of Q4 were $44.5 million or 45 days sales outstanding, in line with the 45 days outstanding at the end of the prior quarter. Net inventory at the end of the fourth quarter was $45.2 million or down about 4% in dollars from the $47 million at the end of the previous quarter. On a days basis, inventory increased to 128 days in Q4 from 118 days in Q3. We had two customers represent 10% or more of our revenue in Q4. WT Microelectronics, a fulfillment partner in Taiwan who ships to multiple customers in Asia, came in at 59% of revenue, and Hakuto, a distributor for automotive customers in Japan, came in at 12% of revenue.
Revenue from Dahua and Hikvision declined more than 60% sequentially and more than 75% on a year-over-year basis and represented about 2% of total revenue in Q4 and 6% for the year. I will now discuss the outlook for the first quarter of fiscal year 2023. Underlying demand remains solid, but supply side conditions are highly dynamic. First, as Fermi indicated, our lead times remain extended, and we are now facing new challenges and uncertainty with regard to our suppliers' timing of deliveries for our 14-nanometer video processors. Second, some of our customers have experienced significant delinquencies from other component suppliers. As a result, some customers may choose to defer our shipments. Other customers may build inventory of our SoCs as they await a complete kit.
We are also prepared for a potential public health lockdown in Hong Kong, where our main warehouse is located, by arranging alternate delivery routes to our customers. To the best of our knowledge at the current time, our guidance contemplates these new and existing supply chain challenges. Considering all these factors, we expect our Q1 results to be better than the 9% average sequential decline experienced in the last five years. We estimate our revenue to be in the $88.5 million-$91.5 million range, or approximately flat sequentially at the midpoint. After a surge in demand for several new programs in Q4, auto revenue is anticipated to decline sequentially, with IoT revenue increasing sequentially.
As indicated at our January 4th Capital Markets Day, given our strategy and the related changes to our business, going forward, we will be reporting in two revenue categories: automotive and IoT. We estimate Q1 non-GAAP gross margin to be between 63%-64%. We expect non-GAAP OpEx in the first quarter to be between $41 million-$43 million, with the increase from Q4 primarily coming from increased engineering headcount, payroll tax accruals, and other engineering expenses. The Q1 non-GAAP tax rate should be modeled in the 3%-6% range. We estimate our diluted share count for Q1 to be approximately flat sequentially. Ambarella will be participating in the Morgan Stanley TMT conference on March 9th and 10th, the 33rd annual ROTH Conference on March 14th, and Bank of America's 12th annual Global Automotive Summit in April.
During Q2, we will also be hosting virtual demos from our recent CES exhibition. Please contact us for more details. Thank you for joining our call today. With that, I will turn the call over to the operator for questions.
Our first question comes from Matt Ramsay with Cowen.
Good afternoon. Thank you very much. Guys, my first question is, obviously there's some sensitivities and changes with the supply situation from Samsung on 14 nanometers. A couple questions around that. I guess the first one is, in the prepared script, it sounded like you guys found out pretty recently and there's gonna be a $5 million impact. I think you said to Q2. Maybe you could clarify that, how long you feel like that type of or magnitude of impact might continue to be a headwind into the back half of the fiscal year. I guess the other part of the question is, does that mean that you're not yet seeing any of that impact in the guidance for April? Thanks.
Well, I think the guidance we just provide for Q1 has considered all of the potential impact. We noticed this problem after Chinese New Year. We have communicated with Samsung many times throughout the last few weeks to identify potential impact. Our conclusion is our Q2 revenue will be impacted by approximately $5 million. We're still working hard on Samsung to secure our second half supply. We believe that Q2 might be the worst case for the whole year, but we still need to confirm the supply situation with Samsung for Q3 and Q4.
Got it. On supply is more around the longer term. I mean, you guys have worked with Samsung really since the birth of the company, Ambarella. Is there any change that happened on their side that causes the supply disruption? Or do you get the feel that you're getting the priority with your supply partner that you would like? Are there any changes to that dynamic, and are you considering going forward any other sources of foundry capacity?
Well, I think our relationship with Samsung still very strong. I think you probably noticed that 14 nanometer process supply that we talk about is the same product line that we had a problem last year when Samsung Austin Semiconductor had a problem. I think that one of the reason that this popped up is if there's any supply change, we really have no inventory to cover to bridge the problem. I think that we still get a high priority from Samsung, but I think this shortage of 40 nanometer in Samsung is severe, and I will just continue to see the result of that. In terms of considering second source, you know, we are working on 5 nanometer right now.
Any tape out, regardless of the other engineering costs, any tape out is $50 million. It's going to be a very costly proposal if we want to consider second source. At this point, I think we would like to understand what happened in Samsung and try to work out the catch-up plan so that we don't face a more severe situation in the future. At the same time, I feel that Samsung is working hard to work with us to reduce the impact.
Got it. Thanks for that. Just for my last question, you mentioned that, as you look into the April quarter after some stronger results in the last couple, that the automotive revenue might be down sequentially slightly. Maybe you could talk about the drivers of that sequential revenue decline and how do you think the automotive business is gonna trend for growth, for the full fiscal year? Thanks.
Well, first of all, I think our automotive business continues to be strong. This quarterly reduction is more like a seasonal, but also reflect last year, we have a multiple products ramping up at the end of year. I think that the ramping up really trigger a big surge on the demand, and now we are start seeing the regular run rate. I think that combination of seasonality and this is a reason. I still believe that our automotive business continue to performing strong.
Got it. Thanks, Fermi. I'll jump back in the queue.
Our next question comes from Gary Mobley with Wells Fargo.
Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my question. I wanted to focus a minute on the demand side of the picture. Fermi, you seem to be hedging a little bit in your prepared remarks talking about decelerating industry trends. So what I'm curious to know is, you know, to what extent is sort of the flattest revenue trends you're expecting to see for three consecutive quarters, albeit, you know, better than seasonal, impacted by supply and to what extent is impacted by demand? In other words, I guess the direct way I can ask the question is, did backlog grow during the quarter?
We still see a very strong demand. You know, particularly on the CV side, you know, we feel strongly that we have a great momentum on CV, and we continue to believe that our CV revenue will be more than 45% of this year's total revenue. From that point of view, I think we feel confident that we invest heavily on that direction, and we believe we're going to get payoff from that investment. From the supply point of view, 40 nanometer had been a problem for us between Samsung and us for more than 18 months now. I hope that when the overall industry short supply become better, this problem will go away with us.
We have not seen any supply issues for any other process or any other product lines for Samsung.
Okay. On the thread of supply chain issues, I wanted to ask about what you're getting produced at Samsung Korea. I presume almost everything CV is in Samsung Korea. Are you seeing any constraints on that particular fab?
You know, just like any other fabs, the older fabs around the globe are very tight. We believe that the Samsung Korean fabs are tight too, but we are convinced that at this point, we will not have any shortage on our CV product supply chain.
Got it. Thank you, guys.
Our next question comes from Ross Seymore with Deutsche Bank.
Hi, guys. Thanks for letting me ask a question. It's nice that you sized the $5 million impact. You know, it's not fun to have to deal with that. Any sort of sizing about the supply side impact, if any, on either your fourth quarter that you just reported or the first quarter you're guiding to?
I don't think there's any impact on Q4 and Q1. We just realized this problem a few weeks ago, so we're dealing with it immediately by disclosing to our investors so that, you know, we give the potential impact, the size of impact as well as the timing impact so our investors can understand the situation.
Great. Thanks for that, Fermi. I guess as my one follow-up, the non-CV revenue looks like it grew about 25% last year, which is really impressive. Can you just talk about what the drivers of that growth would be? Do you see them continuing this year ex the supply limitation? I just wanna figure out what sort of growth rate we should think about for the part of the business that's not included in the 45% CV?
Right. Last year, the growth, the non-CV revenue growth mainly come from the security camera and the automotive. Particularly, a lot of automotive growth came from the non-CV product line. This year – however, last year, I also want to make a note on the we continue to lose business from Hikvision Dahua. We have been you know documenting the unit number drop. In fact, on the John's script, he talked about that. We're going to go from 6% last year total revenue from Hikvision Dahua go down to even lower level. I think from that point of view, the non-CV revenue will continue to have a pressure because of Hikvision Dahua.
I think that our CV product line also replace some of the video product line. I don't expect that the video product line grow another 25% this year. This shortage from 40-nanometer is all video processor, which is non-CV, and that will continue to put pressure on our non-CV revenues.
Do you expect the non-CV revenues to grow this year?
I don't think so.
Okay, thank you.
As a reminder, if you'd like to ask a question at this time, that is star then one. In the interest of time, we ask that you limit yourself to one question and one follow-up. Our next question comes from Andrew Buscaglia with Berenberg.
Hey, guys. You know, maybe if you could talk a little bit about on the margin side, you had a great gross margin quarter, but operating margins were a bit lighter than I was expecting, only because looks like some of your, you know, operating expenses were a little bit higher. How much was that, you know, more so, you know, sort of self-inflicted versus anything supply chain related?
Well, there are some supply chain related issue because I think the cost is continue to go up not only just on wafers and packaging, testing, even delivery. All the cost is going up. However, I think that the main driver of our operating expense growth is always on the R&D side. In fact, you know, when we tape out our CV3 chip that R&D expenses on the IP/IT side, as well as the contractor side is definitely higher because that's such a huge chip and we work very hard to put the resource on to solve that problem.
Definitely our operating expense will be driven by our continuing investment on the premium R&D, including the 5 nanometer, maybe even 4 nanometer tape out and also tools and also continue to hire further engineers in the future.
Okay, maybe, you know, one more on automotive, just with the guidance for Q1. You know, you made some comments about customers maybe choosing to defer shipments. Was that specific to automotive? Just kind of what's your confidence in that, you know, the demand versus a few weeks ago being stronger this year than it was, prior to some of the stuff that's come to light?
I don't think the demand changed in the last several months or several weeks. The biggest change is I think everybody's seeing that automotive industry continue to have a supply problem, not only our supply problem, but also the other materials, right? In fact, we continue to see, you know, our customer cannot build a product because of the lack of other components, microcontroller for one. So I think that's probably the biggest variable we're dealing with. I don't see a demand change. I still continue to see the uncertainty of supply is the biggest problem.
Right. Okay. Thanks for having me.
Our next question comes from Joe Moore with Morgan Stanley.
Great. Thank you. To the extent that you guys talked about these incomplete kit type issues where they may have excess inventory of your product, you know, what markets do you see that as being more likely than others? Does it span all the markets? You know, is there anything you could do to help us kind of quantify what that impact might be?
Well, we start seeing it, we see pockets of the inventory and some is in automotive, some is in security. It really depends on how the customer purchasing criteria, right? Some customers continue to buy our chip until they realize that they cannot get other components. Some people stop earlier, so they don't build inventory of our chips. We see small pockets here and there across all the markets.
Okay. Any sense for the magnitude of it? Like, is this extreme by historic circumstances, you think?
I don't think it's a huge amount yet. Otherwise we should make it known to make it available, visible to our investors. We want to talk about what we're seeing in this and because we are seeing people pushing out the demands because of that. I don't think that's a severe problem just yet.
I appreciate that. Thank you.
Our next question comes from Kevin Cassidy with Rosenblatt Securities.
Thanks for taking my question. Maybe just another way to ask Joe's question. The, in the security camera business, that was down 10% quarter-over-quarter. Was that mostly professional or was it the home security camera?
I think it's both. I think both went down. Also you have to remember seasonality plays a major role in there. If you look at our last five-year trend, both professional and the consumer market went down. It's not a surprise to us.
Maybe with the shortage of supply, are you being or are you getting any manufacturing cost increases?
In the last 18 months, we continue to get increase, yes. We continue to see that.
Okay. Can you pass along that cost increase to your customers?
To some extent, yes. In the past, we did pass some of the cost increase to some of the people when they tried to expedite the delivery. This time, with a 14-nanometer problem, we did because of the cost rose to a point that we have to reflect to our customers.
Okay, great. Thank you.
Our next question comes from Tore Svanberg with Stifel.
Yes, thank you. Just a clarification question on the foundry situation. Is it purely just capacity, or are there some other technical or yield issues? 'Cause it sounds like you've had some issues for the last 12 months. Is it just purely capacity?
I think right now what we're seeing is that we don't get enough allocation. What's the real reason behind it? I don't want to speculate because Samsung didn't tell us. I think it's become clear in very early January that they either got overbooked or they have other issues that we are not familiar with, that they have to reduce the allocation to us in Q2.
That's very helpful. Can you just elaborate a little bit more on the timing for CV5 and CV3? I think you mentioned revenue contribution CV5 late this year. Are you expecting CV3 revenue maybe second half of next year still?
CV3. First of all, yes, you are right. CV5, we're expecting second half revenue from customers, and in fact, both from the security camera as well as some of the traditional consumer product. For the CV3, we are sampling to our customer. I would say second quarter this year. The revenue will come much later than that, right? This is really automotive customer we're talking about.
Got it. Thank you, Fermi.
Our next question comes from Quinn Bolton with Needham.
Hey, guys. I wanted just to ask on the video processor side, do you think that demand is perishable, meaning that, you know, if you're sort of you don't get the allocation from Samsung in the second fiscal quarter, that demand goes elsewhere? Or do you think that it simply pushes into fiscal Q3 or fiscal Q4?
You know, Quinn, my gut feeling is this: If this is a one-quarter problem, I think our customer probably can wait, and their customer can wait. If this drags along further, I think some of the revenue will become perishable. It really depends on how fast we can work with Samsung to control this problem and to provide much better visibility to our customer for Q3 and Q4.
Got it. Hikvision and Dahua are down to 2% of sales. Do you think that they recover over the next couple of quarters, or do you think that they just continue to represent a very low single-digit percentage of revenue going forward and effectively become immaterial at this point?
Yeah, I think they will stay that level. You know, last year, if you look at the whole year, they are still probably 6% of total revenue. This year they will be a low single digit and probably will stay there until become non-material.
Understood. Okay, thank you.
Our next question comes from Vivek Arya with Bank of America.
Thank you for taking my questions. The first one I actually have is on your balance sheet. When I look at the cash level, it's strong, but it's kind of at the lowest level since fiscal 2015. I'm curious for me, will you need to raise more, whether it's to execute on the R&D roadmap? Or more importantly, will you need to provide long-term supply, you know, agreements with your foundry suppliers? Because we are seeing many of the computing peers kind of prepay for capacity. Is that something that you will also need to consider, so you are assured of supply going forward?
Right. There are two separate questions. First question is, you know, because of acquisition of Oculii, our cash flow dropped to $150 million. I think you also notice that in this quarter, we generate $20 million cash flow. From this point of view, if we don't need extra cash in the near future, we don't need to really raise any funding. You made a great point that there are many companies out there trying to commit cash to secure their foundry. That's something we are considering to do. However, that if we want to do it, really we can get a line. We talked about this last time, that we can easily get a line to help us to bridge that demand.
I think, you know, worst case is we'll go to the line, but we're not considering any secondary at this point.
Got it. Very helpful. For my follow-up, just a quick one on Q2, the $5 million impact. Does it kind of mean conceptually Q2 sales closer to $85-ish million, or are there kind of positive offsets from the CV side? Are there any gross margin implications, because, you know, you had very strong margins in Q4, but you're kind of getting back to a trend line in Q1. What happens when you have this additional supply issue? How should we think about, you know, just the puts and takes around the sales and the gross margin? The best insight you have today would be very helpful.
I think when we say $5 million is really directly impact our top line. It's really just revenue probably. Well, we believe we lose $5 million revenue in Q2. That's probably answers your first question. From a gross margin point of view, there is a combination of cost increase as well as we talk about, we have to raise the price to certain of 40-nanometer customers. That combination we are factoring in our guidance, so that's why, you know, you see our guidance on the gross margin line. I think that we continue to believe that long term, our gross margin is 59%-62%, but in the next quarter is based on the 63%-64% guidance right now.
Okay, thank you.
Our next question comes from David Kelley with Jefferies.
Good afternoon, guys. Maybe just a question on customer and product mix. Clearly, it's been a tailwind. How are you thinking about the sustainability of that benefit into 2023?
Well, I think that from computer vision point of view, I think all the indication that we have is really to make us to believe that we have very strong support on the not only customer base but also revenue growth. We talk about from 25% total revenue last year to 45% total revenue this year. We also talk about the customer that we engage and the number of customer that we take into production. We continue to believe that story is very strong, right? Now I think there's a 40-nanometer product line shortage definitely will impact the on the video processor product line and also put impact on the revenue, but also some designing activities.
People probably want to look at, you know, in Q3 and Q4, if we cannot deliver, how they can satisfy their revenue. I think that definitely impacted that we need to evaluate quickly and work with Samsung to solve the problem.
Okay, that's helpful. Thank you. Maybe one more following up on the earlier automotive deferral conversation. I was hoping you could talk a bit more about the timing of what you're seeing there. You know, did your customers start to pull back in January as some of the production disruptions were picking up again? Or is this something that you were seeing earlier in Q4 as well?
Yeah, just to be clear, hey, David, this is Louis Gerhardy. We didn't talk about an automotive deferral. In fact, our automotive revenue increased 30% sequentially in Q4, as we had a number of new programs kick in in multiple geographies for both video processors as well as computer vision. In Q1, we do see our automotive business down a little bit sequentially, but we do expect auto to be, you know, a key driver of growth in the next year.
Okay, thanks, Louis. One more if I may, just to follow up on that. The Q1, is that more of a seasonal pullback or is there anything from a customer standpoint where they're, you know, pushing out order books with some of the OEM production disruptions?
Yeah, no, I think it really comes down to several new programs that kicked in, again, for both video processors and computer vision. Now that they've established their initial inventory, now their order rate comes back to a normalized run rate. Those are the dynamics we think caused it.
Okay, got it. Thanks for the clarification.
Our next question comes from Tristan Gerra with Baird.
Hi, good afternoon. Any way you could help us quantify the revenue contribution from the CV5 ramp in the second half? Embedded in that question, given the commentary that you know, inventories are not a huge problem yet and suggesting it gets worse, you know, any attempt to gauge you know, when the inflection point quarter is going to be this year?
For CV5, we're comfortable with the ramp occurring in the second half of the year. There's multiple customers, you know, multiple product areas where that's going to occur. There's no change there and no change with CV3 in that we expect it to sample in the first half of the year. I didn't understand your question about inventory. Could you just rephrase that or repeat it?
Yeah, thank you. You know, Fermi, during the Q&A, mentioned that inventories were not a huge problem yet, as part of an answer to a question. It suggests that it might get worse in terms of inventory corrections. I'm just trying to look at the timing of where we should expect an inflection point.
That's a question that we are trying to find an answer for, because right now there are all kinds of supply chain issues that are out of our control. A lot of our customers are pushing out their demand for our silicon because they cannot find other silicon like a microcontroller, Wi-Fi chip, or PMIC. Until they get better visibility, we will not get a better visibility on that. I think that it really reflects this industrial problem. Until the shortage of other components gets better, we are going to have a very limited visibility on how much inventory is sitting on the supply chain.
Great. Thank you very much.
Our next question comes from David O'Connor with BNP Paribas.
Great. Thanks for taking my question. Maybe one or two on my side. Maybe firstly, a question for John on how we should think about the OpEx growth for this fiscal year ahead. Should we kind of take what the trend was last year? That's my first question. Just secondly, just a clarification on the seasonality for Q2 typically up, but given the Samsung issue and also the deferred shipments, can you give us any more on kind of the puts and takes of how we should kind of model that for looking out towards Q2? Thank you.
Yeah. You know, as far as Q2 goes, I think really the only guidance that we're giving at this point is just the $5 million issue. Beyond that point on revenue in Q2, we don't really wanna make any additional comments at this time just because you know, we're looking to get more visibility as we get closer to that. I think with regard to OpEx, as I think we said in the prepared remarks, that our expectation, our plan is to continue to invest in you know, premium R&D that we've been developing you know, in-house year after year. You know, that's going to take on several different initiatives, developing modules for the complete automotive stack, higher up the stack.
That's one of the initiatives that we have, developing chips that fully take advantage of the Oculii radar that we recently acquired their technology, continuing to hire. I think, you know, while we are at an inflection point for the CV revenue, and we expect that to be very favorable for us, you know, on a long-term basis, I think in the near term, we are expecting to continue to invest, and I think the level of investment that we've seen in fiscal 2022 is indicative of what we might expect going forward.
That's helpful. Thank you.
Okay.
Our next question comes from Martin Yang with Oppenheimer.
Hi. Good afternoon. Thank you for taking my question. My one question is on your business development activities in China. It seems that there are a lot more, you know, non-automotive, non IP security camera projects going on. Has there anything changed as the result of lower revenue exposure to your IP customers in China, or that's basically reflective of the normal design activities among the Chinese customers?
Well, in this, in our script this time, we didn't talk about any Chinese security camera customer. We did mention several Chinese automotive customer. There is a video conferencing customer. One of the interesting automotive application is this automatic beam control for lighting. You know, I don't think there's any major change on the Chinese security camera market per se. I think that market today is highly dominated, and we, like we talk about our supply situation to them. I don't think that we talk about any major changes on the Chinese security cameras.
Well, maybe if I may clarify my question a little bit. I was asking if your, you know, overall business development, infrastructure or resources have changed.
I see.
Are you putting more resources into non-security customers or applications?
Yes. That's obvious because, you know, we realize that security camera in China is a very sensitive industry, and most of our Chinese customers are looking for non-US suppliers. However, in other business which is not as sensitive as security camera, like automotive, like other industry we talk about, we continue to put effort in China because that's still a big market that we can continue to get market share from. That's why you are absolutely right. We continue to have a strong team in Shanghai and Shenzhen helping us do this development in China.
Thank you.
In fact, we also see Oculii radar that China can be a very good market for them too.
Got it. Thank you.
Our next question comes from Brian Ruttenbur with Imperial Capital.
Yes. Thank you very much. If I dig down a tiny bit on the security business, can you tell me what percentage of your revenue was security in the fourth quarter?
Hey, Brian, this is Louis
Hey, Louis.
Security in the fourth quarter was, let me just check this. Around 60%. For the year, security overall grew a little more than 50%, and it was around 65%.
Okay. 65% of, you know, this fiscal year that just ended. Can you talk then about where you see it at least in the first quarter or for, you know, fiscal 2023 would be great, but at least the first quarter, where do you see that percentage going? I assume down from 60% - 55%. How much of a stairstep are we talking about in terms of the security revenue as a total?
Yeah. We see that IoT category where security is the largest part of it, growing sequentially in Q1. As you know, with automotive growing, you know, to be 65%-70% of our SAM over the next, excuse me, 5-6 years, over time, our revenue mix should shift in that direction.
Okay. Do you have a percentage that you're targeting for first quarter that's gonna be IoT/security?
No, we don't have a figure for that other than it will grow sequentially. That's our expectation. Auto, we expect to have a slight decline in Q1 given the factors we talked about earlier.
Okay. Just finally on that same point, is this more a demand issue or a supply issue on the slowing on the security side?
I think it's a seasonality, right? If you look at the seasonality in the last five years for professional and consumer security camera, it's always that, seasonality always play a role between from the Q4 to Q1.
Yeah. I mean, there's also been the factor in the last 2 - 3 years where, you know, Hikvision and Dahua were more than 25% of our revenue, and you heard now they're in the very low single-digit range combined. That's been a factor over this period of time.
Great. Thank you very much.
That concludes today's question and answer session. I'd like to turn the call back to Dr. Wang for closing remarks.
Thank you, and thanks to all of you for joining the meeting today. I'm looking forward to seeing you at some other opportunities in the near future. Thank you. Goodbye.
This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.