Thank you for standing by. Good day, everyone, and welcome to the Amazon dotcom Q2 2018 Financial Results Teleconference. At this time, all participants are in a listen only mode. After the presentation, we will conduct a question and answer session. Today's call is being recorded.
For opening remarks, I'll be turning the call over to the Director of Investor Relations, Dave Fils. Please go ahead.
Hello, and welcome to our Q2 2018 financial results conference call. Joining us today to answer your questions is Brian Olsavsky, our CFO. As you listen to today's conference call, we encourage you to have our press release in front of you, which includes our financial results as well as metrics and commentary on the quarter. Please note, unless otherwise stated, all comparisons in this call will be against our results for the comparable period of 2017. Our comments and responses to your questions reflect management's views as of today, July 26, 2018 only and will include forward looking statements.
Actual results may differ materially. Additional information about factors that could potentially impact our financial results is included in today's press release and our filings with the SEC, including our most recent Annual Report on Form 10 ks and subsequent filings. During this call, we may discuss certain non GAAP financial measures. In our press release, slides accompanying this webcast and our filings with the SEC, each of which is posted on our IR website, you will find additional disclosures regarding these non GAAP measures, including reconciliations of these measures with comparable GAAP measures. Our guidance incorporates the order trends that we've seen to date and what we believe today to be appropriate assumptions.
Our results inherently unpredictable and may be materially affected by many factors, including fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, changes in global economic conditions and customer spending, world events, the rate of growth of the Internet, online commerce and cloud services and the various factors detailed in our filings with the SEC. Our guidance also assumes, among other things, that we don't conclude any additional business acquisitions, investments, restructurings or legal settlements. It's not possible to accurately predict demand for our goods and services, and therefore, our actual results could differ materially from our guidance. With that, we will move to Q and A. Operator, please remind our listeners how to initiate a question.
At this time, we will now open the call up for questions. Our first question comes from the line of Justin Post from Merrill Lynch. Please proceed with your
question. Great. Thank you. I guess the standout metric of the quarter was the profitability and the margins. Both U.
S. And international have improved year over year. Could you talk about, was better than your expectations for the quarter? And then maybe reasons for the ad business to accelerate within the other line? Thank you.
Sure. Yes. Thanks, Justin. Yes, for the quarter, so it was a strong quarter. We had what I attribute it to is continued strength in our some of our most profitable areas.
AWS had its 3rd consecutive quarter of accelerating growth, 9% FX neutral growth. Advertising also had strong growth. Elsewhere, we saw probably better than expected efficiencies in operations, our infrastructure costs and generally all of our fixed costs. You'll note that in the first half of the year, capital leases were flat year over year, although we're up 20% for the full trailing 12 months. In the last 6 months, it's been pretty flat as the team has really worked well to plan our data centers, run our data centers more efficiently, even to meet, again, increasing usage by our customers, usage rates that are exceeding our growth rate.
So that's what I would point to. Internationally, a lot of the same factors hold. I would say that in addition to the operating efficiencies, advertising is also starting to make an impact on gross profit, although advertising is smaller international segment than is in North America. It's growing at the same rapid clip year over year. Even within even while in international, we're continuing to invest in a lot of areas.
We continue to front load Prime benefits for the newer geographies. We continue to launch new countries. We launched Prime in Australia recently. We've launched devices in multiple countries. Echo and Alexa were launched in France.
Echo Spot was launched in India and Japan in the last quarter. So continued it's a mix of operating efficiencies as we grow and then also continuing to invest on a lot of fronts.
Our next question comes from Mark Mahaney with RBC Capital Markets. Please proceed with your question.
Okay. Maybe two things. Just a little bit of color on that unit growth that I think was 17%. Any particular things to call out there that would have stunted that growth or negatively limited? Or is that just of the new normal?
And then Brian, I'm sorry, you just talked about better than expected efficiencies in operations. Could I ask you to tease that out a little bit more and a little more color particularly on retail side of the business? Are there particular new newfound efficiencies that are sustainable? Thanks a lot.
Sure. Let's start with unit growth. So I will note we did a very strong unit growth rate last year in Q2 with 27%. So we're comping against that. As we look back on that, there were a number of factors.
I mean, in any quarter, there can be product mix or ASP differentials which shift the unit growth figure. But if you also remember, we dropped our Super Saver shipping threshold twice early part of last year from $49 to $35 and then down to $25 So there was a bit of growth, particularly in lower ASP items from that, that we saw last year. So we're comping that. Another factor is digital content that moves to subscription. So Amazon Music and Kindle Unlimited, well, they're very successful and it's a good transition.
They just the units do not count in this unit calculation. So there's some things like that that maybe obfuscate the numbers a bit, but we're really pleased with the retail growth. We think it's as well as increased selection, and particularly, as well as increased selection and particularly third party selection. On operations, if you look at probably the last 18 months, you're going to see a lot of different pace of increase in both infrastructure costs and capital costs and the addition of fixed cost heads. So one thing that you'll notice is that we've grown that we stepped down our rate of growth of fixed headcount.
Excluding acquisitions, we've grown 26% year over year at the end of June on a trailing 12 month basis. But the 23% of that was in the second half of last year. So we are continuing to look at where we're investing headcount. We're seeing a lot of our growth areas being fueled by headcount that's moving within the company. There's a lot of movement of tech headcount.
And so there was less external hiring in the first half of this year. We don't think that that's necessarily the long term trend, but it certainly created a lot of operating efficiencies. And that will reset and evaluate where we need to still add people. So I think the first half of the year can be a test of where our cost structure is coming off all the investment that leads up to the holiday. Last year, there was a lot of first half investment.
If you look back on infrastructure and fixed headcount, that maybe made that less pronounced. But this year, it's a little more apparent.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Douglas Anmuth with JPMorgan. Please proceed with your question.
Thanks for taking the question. I wanted to ask 2, if I could. First, 3Q is typically a heavy fulfillment center build out period ahead of the holidays and then lower utilization, but obviously your profit outlook is good. Can you just give us a sense of how you're thinking about FC build out and square footage increases this year? And then secondly, a lot of excitement around the pharmacy opportunity with the acquisition of Colpac.
Can you frame some of the strategic rationale there around the acquisition and how that helps advance your efforts and how we should think about integration going forward? Thanks.
Sure. On the fulfillment center capacity, I don't have a number for you today. I'll probably clarify that at the end of next quarter as we head into holiday. But if you think back the last 2 years, we've added square footage that's exceeded 30% growth, both in 2016 2017. We anticipate it's going to be lower this year as we get some efficiencies off what we've built over the last few years, but I don't have a number for you today.
I will say that the majority of it is being put in service in the back end of the year just like in the last 2 years. But I'll work to clarify that next quarter. On PillPack, yes, the deal, of course, hasn't closed yet. We expect to close it in the second half of the year. So I'll limit my comments right now, but we're excited.
We think the company has a really highly differentiated customer experience, and they've done a great job getting to the size and scale that they're at today. We think that working together with them, we can expand on that in the future. They're like a lot of the other acquisitions we've done recently. We're looking for well run companies with highly differentiated customer experience and a real sense of customer obsession that matches ours. So we think PillPack has got all those traits and we look forward to the deal closing and working with them.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Mark May with Citi. Please proceed with your question.
Thanks. On AWS, does the backlog there give you confidence in the ability for this business to continue to post the type of robust growth that you've seen of late? And on Alexa, now that you're reaching a meaningful number of Alexa users, I wondered if you could discuss a bit more about how Alexa is impacting the retail business.
Sure. Let me start with AWS. We're very happy with the results we're seeing and the backlog that we see in the new contracts and new customers and the expansion of existing customer business that we see. Again, the business has accelerated the last three quarters, and we're seeing great signs in a number of areas. We've added 800 new services and features so far this year.
That's an accelerated pace from last year, which was a record year. We see customers migrated more than 80,000 databases using the AWS data migration service excuse me, database migration service. And customers are just branching out to a lot of new products from us. There are new areas like machine learning, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, serverless computing and database and analytics are really big. So we think that when you look at it, why do people come to us, essentially set functionality and pace of innovation that we've demonstrated for multiple years.
We've built a very strong partner in customer ecosystem. And frankly, we have the most proven reliability, security and performance, and we've been at this longer than anyone else. So again, we continue to deliver for customers. We continue to use feedback from customers to develop new services and features. The operating margin itself will fluctuate quarter to quarter, very strong performance this quarter, obviously.
Part of
that was in the capital expenditures or excuse me, capital leases being flat year over year and the team's ability to really run the data centers at a higher efficiency. Yes. And I think the
second question was just related to how is Alexa impacting the business overall. And this is Dave. I mean, I think we're having a lot of success with
devices and customers are enjoying those. We talked
to coming out of Prime Day, happy customers enjoying some of the devices there. So I think that's a lot of the focus now is really having a good and exciting roadmap of recent revises and more to come ahead and getting those into customers' hands.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Heath Terry with Goldman Sachs. Please proceed with your question.
Great. Thank you. Just on the AWS point, as you're seeing customers to AWS or you're adding new customers to AWS, can you give us a sense of sort of where you're seeing customer spend focus? How successful you mentioned database, but what other areas you're potentially seeing as customers move up the the past, when you've talked about the growth in CapEx and capital lease, you've generally referred to trying to grow those numbers or that infrastructure grows overall with more or less with the business. Is there some level of efficiency breakthrough that you've gotten there where that's no longer the case?
Or is it a function of timing? How should we think about what that CapEx and capital lease spend signals about your expectations for growth?
Sure. I would say it's just a demonstration of a very tight period where we still added a lot. I mean, dollars 4,600,000,000 is a lot of capital leases, but the rate of growth over last year was flat. So what I would say is, not sure about the breakthrough element of it. We do spend a lot of time driving better efficiency in our data centers.
We do see it. Sometimes it is higher than other quarters. The starting point for our expectation would be that usage growth would be very that our growth in infrastructure costs would start with the growth in usage, which has been exceeding the revenue growth rate. But we can do we can drive more efficiently and we can sometimes bank the efficiencies of prior investments that we've made in other periods. So it will fluctuate quarter to quarter.
I would say last year in the first half was a pretty large investment area. I'll lump it in with capital expenditures. But in the first two quarters, Q1 of last year was 82% growth year over year in capital expenditures. Q2 was 67%. This year, those numbers are 33% in Q1 and 1% in Q2.
So it's a there's a bit of timing at play here, but I think overall in the longer term, we certainly work to drive efficiency in both AWS infrastructure capability and also in our warehouse networks. I don't have on the other piece on product detail, I don't have anything more for you. I would just say that our growth is coming from customers that span from startups to enterprise customers to government agencies. And they start small and then they continue to build and shift their businesses to us and many of them gone large number have gone all in on AWS and have had a chance to lower their cost structure as a result. I would count Amazon in that category, because on the consumer side of the business, we increasingly see infrastructure savings due to the conversion to AWS resources.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Brian Nowak with Morgan Stanley. Please proceed with your question.
Thanks for taking my questions. I have 2. The first one on the ad business. Brian, I was just wondering, could you give us some examples of some products you've had particular success with on the ad side? And then I know you guys are always focused on removing customer friction points and solving pain points for customers.
Maybe talk to us about some of the still existing pain points for your advertiser customers you're looking to address on the advertising with the advertising product? And the second one, I know it's an accounting question, but we're going to be asked it a lot. On revenue accounting, can you just sort of walk us through any of the accounting changes that any of the revenue lines had in the current quarter because of the multiple accounting moving pieces? Thanks.
Yes. Let me give Dave a chance afterwards to talk about that piece, but I'll start with advertising. So conceptually stepping back, it's now a multibillion dollar business for us. We're seeing strong adoption across a number of fronts, Amazon vendors, sellers, authors, as well as 3rd party advertisers who want to reach Amazon customers. So we have hundreds of thousands of emerging and established advertisers, and they're using our services to achieve their marketing goals to whether that's to drive new brand awareness, discovery or ultimately purchase decisions on our site.
Pain points and improvements, I would say our priorities include improving the usability of our tools for advertisers, helping make smarter recommendations for customers. Automating, we're doing a lot of work on automating the activities that the advertisers need to do and continue to invent new products for those advertisers. We also think measurement is going to be important. So we're focused on our measurement capabilities, so advertisers understand what outcomes they're driving properties. And we think that we're uniquely positioned to show them the direct benefit of their advertising.
Yes. And Brian,
this is Dave. Just on the accounting piece, specifically to Q2, the impact of the accounting standards update revenue recognition changes we did starting in the 1st part of the year, it's a $640,000,000 increase to other revenue, specifically related to how we treat some of the advertising service. So you remember as part of the adoption beginning in 2018, certain of the advertising services were classified as revenue rather than cost of sales. So $640,000,000 more is in other revenue this Q2. You'd see that in the that line item, which is about $2,200,000,000 here in the second quarter.
Addition to that, some of the other factors I talked about last quarter, some of the treatment of gross to net changes in some sales of apps and app content, digital media costs. Some of that shift created a headwind for online stores revenue. So that year over year growth rate for that line item would have been higher, but for that change.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Eric Sheridan
Two questions if I can. On Whole Foods, any update on the integration of Whole Foods within the broader Prime ecosystem, the way in which you're tying those assets and customer bases together to sort of promote the flywheel that you've about a fair bit? And Prime Now, any update on the scale of markets globally and what you're learning as Prime Now continues scale in terms of how users adopt the service, putting SKUs closer to prem, what that does to the velocity of purchasing? Thank you so much.
Sure. So it was a big quarter for Whole Foods and Prime. We launched Prime for sorry, we launched additional savings for Prime members at Whole Foods. If you go to Whole Foods store, Whole Foods Market 365 store, you'll see a lot of yellow stickers for 10% discounts off hundreds of sale items. You also see deep discounts on selected popular products.
So Prime members have adopted this benefit at one of the fastest rates we've ever seen for a Prime benefit. And they've already saved 1,000,000 of dollars on everything from seasonal favorites to, as I said, popular daily sales. So in addition, we've expanded grocery delivery to 20 cities, so that's picking up steam. During the Prime Day, we had some unique deals with for Prime customers at Whole Foods. Actually, the deals lasted for a week at Whole Foods and people had, again, the ability to see the benefit of their Prime membership, save incremental dollars because of it at Whole Foods.
And the Prime Rewards Visa card, which gives you $5 excuse me, 5% off on all purchases, has been applied to Whole Foods purchases as well. So that is a second wave probably after the first wave where we talked in previous calls about initial price drops, putting lockers in the stores, selling some of the Whole Foods products on the Amazon site and other things. So the invention level is still really high. We're we think it's a big milestone this quarter to launch Prime Benefits with Whole Foods, and we'll keep going. We'll see how that develops.
Prime Now, I guess my comments are that it's in 50 cities worldwide, it's across 9 countries. It is different than we have multiple options for you in grocery delivery. We have the delivery services, which Amazon Fresh and Prime Now, which serve a certain need. We have the traditional grocery store now with Whole Foods. And then we have the combination of those 2 with home delivery and we're using Prime Now Whole Foods products through Prime Now to get make those deliveries, as well as the new kind of stores with Amazon Go that we're experimenting with.
So lots of innovation, invention on that front as well.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Ross Sandler with Barclays. Please proceed with your question.
Great. Hey, guys. I had two questions. First on the music business. So I think you said recently you have tens of millions of paying subscribers.
So are those paying music listeners coming from Prime and using the mobile app? Or are they coming in from Echo? Any color on what's driving that uptick and converting users into paid members? And then the second question is, you mentioned efficiency gains in retail and the improvement in retail operating margin. If we look at international, it's still negative, but it's also improving pretty meaningfully.
So can you parse where that improvement is coming from between India and the other emerging markets versus some of the more mature markets in Western Europe?
Sure. Let me start with that second question. So yes, we have seen over the last few quarters improved operating margins internationally. I would say in places like Europe and Japan, we're seeing many of the efficiencies I talked about earlier on fixed headcount operations costs, infrastructure costs and also things like marketing we're working to be very efficient. I would also say that, although it's smaller internationally, the impact of advertising is starting to show up more and more internationally.
It's growing quite quickly just as it is in North America. But you're right, continue to invest. We're investing in India, obviously, and have seen good traction there. We just passed our 5th year anniversary, to celebrate our 5th year anniversary, and it's the most visited site in India. So we think there's a lot of great innovation that has continued to occur for Indian customers, consumers and sellers, and that will continue.
But you're also seeing additional expansion. So we launched Prime in Australia, we're rolling devices out, launched Echo and Alexa in France, the Echo Spot in India and Japan, and we'll be we announced that we're going to expand Echo and Alexa soon to Italy, Mexico and Spain. So I would say that we're continuing to front load Prime Benefits in the newer geographies. So that's one of the issues that we see with operating margin. But we think it's the right thing to do.
We are seeing strong traction in that front as well. We also like that the on Prime Day, we are able to expand our list of countries that experienced Prime Day this year to Australia, Singapore, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. So we're very bullish on our international business. We do realize it's a period of investment and we're at different stages of growth in different countries.
Yes. And then, hey, this is Dave. Just quickly on music. As you mentioned, tens of millions of paid customers are enjoying Amazon Music. When you look at the Amazon Music Unlimited subscription, it continues to grow very quickly.
We've got those offerings in more than 30 countries now. And the catalog there is tens of millions of songs and a lot of rich playlist, personalized stations, those kinds of things. Of course, we started in music with Prime Music a little bit earlier in that space. And I think that's been a great way for Prime members to enjoy some of that catalog for free. And then as they enjoy that be able to move into the Amazon Music Unlimited skill.
One of the great things that's also part of that I think you alluded to it is just Alexa. And one of the most popular features we see as you probably imagine for using those devices are just interacting with Alexa wherever you may be is being able to listen to music. So that's proven to be I think a good skill for folks to be able to enjoy addition to a really kind of rich and growing Amazon skill set. We now have more than 45,000 skills available to customers.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Youssef Squali with SunTrust Robinson Humphrey. Please proceed with your question.
Thank you very much. On the new And for 3P, I And for 3P, I think it was in a company in 2 states. Have you seen any slowdown to growth in these 2 states since you began collecting taxes? I think you started maybe last 12 months or so. When will you start collecting taxes in the rest of the other in the rest of the country?
And will you charge for it? Because my understanding is that produced in those two states, you do not collect or you do not charge to help these 3P sellers file taxes or collect state taxes? Thank you.
Yes. Hey, Youssef, this is Dave. Just so right now, as you mentioned, 45 states that have state and post sales tax for first party products, we do our own collection on that. For 3 piece sellers right now, it's 3 states. So Washington State started as of January 1 Pennsylvania as of April 1 and most recently Oklahoma on July 1.
So those are the ones where we're collecting and remitting. We haven't said and to your second point, we've not talked about any kind of trends. As you imagine, some of these are still really early days.
Thank you. Our final question comes from Jason Helfstein
Given the focus in the press release about Alexa voice services, any thoughts about how you would monetize on third party devices? And then just a follow-up Amazon Prime Video channels, any plans to offer standard skinny bundles to become a cable replacement? Thanks.
Yes, let me start with Alexa. So, right now, our emphasis is around expanding the reach of Alexa and the usefulness. So as Dave mentioned, we're now up over 45,000 skills. We have a development network of that's expanded and we have over 13,000 smart home devices from 2,500 unique brands. You're seeing things like expansion into the hotel space where we're partnering with hotels to allow you to experience Alexa while you're traveling.
And you saw from the quote that was in our press release that Jeff from Jeff, the number of Alexa enabled devices has tripled in the past year. So, including some really large companies like Polk, Sonos, Acer, Hewlett Packard, Lenovo, BMW, Ford, Toyota, and name a few. So that's the biggest emphasis is getting the expansion of Alexa to places where it can be useful. We also are developing new machine learning tools to help developers more easily build Alexa skills. We feel like we're getting great traction there.
So I think your original question was about monetization of Alexa. But right now, the biggest thing we can do is to make as useful as possible and make devices that can use the skills. Yes.
And then just on the second question, I mean, I can't speculate on what we might do in the future, but I'd say today with prime channels, I think we're really pleased with the growth we're seeing. We've seen some good channels come online over the last few quarters and seen some good traction there. So we'll keep focusing on building out even better selection because it's clear to us that customers want that option to be able to add that content as part of their Prime memberships. Thanks for joining us today on the call and for your questions. A replay will be available on our Investor Relations website at least through the end of the quarter.
We appreciate your interest in Amazon and look forward to talking with you again next quarter.