Good morning. My name is Maria, and I'll be your conference facilitator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the BlackRock Incorporated Second Quarter 2020 Earnings Teleconference. Our host for today's call will be Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Lawrence D. Fink Chief Financial Officer, Gary S.
Shetland President, Robert Escapito and General Counsel, Christopher J. Meade. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speakers' remarks, there will be a question and answer period. Thank you.
Mr. Meade, you may begin your conference.
Thank you. Good morning, everyone. I'm Chris Meade, the General Counsel of BlackRock. Before we begin, I'd like to remind you that during the course of this call, we may make a number of forward looking statements. We call your attention to the fact that BlackRock's actual results may, of course, differ from these statements.
As you know, BlackRock has filed reports with the SEC, which list some of the factors that may cause the results of BlackRock to differ materially from what we see today. BlackRock assumes no duty and does not undertake to update any forward looking statements. So with that, I'll turn it over to Gary.
Thank you, Chris, and good morning, everyone. It's my pleasure to present results for the Q2 of 2020. I hope everyone and their families are remaining safe and healthy in the current environment. Before I turn it over to Larry to offer his comments, I'll review our financial performance and business results. While our earnings release discloses both GAAP and as adjusted financial results, I will be focusing primarily on as adjusted results.
BlackRock's ability to deliver for clients, employees, the communities in which we operate and our shareholders, no matter the market environment, is a testament to the resilience of our differentiated business model, which has been purposely built with a mindset of consistently investing for the long term. Our performance throughout the COVID-nineteen crisis, including the strength of these 2nd quarter results, is a direct result of this scaled business model supported by diverse global investment capabilities, best in class technology and rigorous risk management. Our whole portfolio approach is fostering deeper partnerships and now more than ever clients want to hear from BlackRock. BlackRock generated $100,000,000,000 of total net flows in the 2nd quarter, reflecting 6% annualized organic asset growth and 10% organic base fee growth as clients re risked and once again turned to BlackRock for solutions oriented advice to meet their long term investment needs. Organic growth reflected record flows into iShares fixed income ETFs and active equity, our 5th consecutive quarter of positive flows in this product category and continued leadership in cash management solutions.
Momentum also continued in sustainable strategies and illiquid alternatives. 2nd quarter revenue of $3,600,000,000 increased 4% year over year and operating income of $1,400,000,000 rose by 10%. Earnings per share of $7.85 was up 22% compared to a year ago, also reflecting higher non operating income, a lower effective tax rate and a lower diluted share count in the current quarter. Non operating results for the quarter included 2 $10,000,000 of net investment income, driven primarily by mark to market gains on unhedged seed capital investments and our minority stake in Envestnet and also reflected incremental interest expense associated with the successful pre refinancing of our May 2021 debt maturity. Our as adjusted tax rate for the 2nd quarter was approximately 23%.
We continue to estimate that 23% is a reasonable projected tax rate for the remainder of 2020, though the actual effective tax rate may differ as a consequence of non recurring or discrete items and issuance of additional guidance on previously enacted tax legislation. 2nd quarter base fees of $3,000,000,000 were up 2% year over year, primarily driven by organic growth and higher securities lending revenue, partially offset by the negative impact of equity beta and foreign exchange movements on average AUM and strategic pricing changes to certain products. Securities lending revenue increased 40% year over year and 33% sequentially, primarily driven by higher average on loan balances as hedge fund leverage recovered from March lows and higher cash spreads. Sequentially, base fees were down 3% despite higher securities lending revenue and positive organic growth in the quarter due to the significant impact of 1st quarter global market declines and foreign exchange movements on our 2nd quarter entry rate and average AUM. The impact of negative divergent beta was also the primary reason we saw a decline of 0.2 basis points sequentially in our 2nd quarter effective fee rate.
Performance fees of $112,000,000 increased 75% from a year ago, reflecting higher revenue from alternative and long only equity products. Since the end of the Q1, we have seen strong performance from certain single strategy hedge funds, which better positions us to generate performance fees in the second half of the year. Technology services revenue increased 17% year over year, reflecting continued momentum in Aladdin and the impact of the Efront acquisition, which closed in May of last year. Since acquiring Efront, we have executed on our integration plan and feedback from current and prospective clients as well as our own alternatives team has been overwhelmingly positive. We remain committed to low to mid teens growth in technology services revenue over the long term, driven by new clients, deeper relationships with existing clients and expansion of Aladdin's functionality.
The operational and financial impacts of this crisis underscore more than ever the need for robust enterprise operating and risk management technology solutions. However, as mentioned last quarter, and despite successfully implementing over 18 Aladdin go lives since the pandemic began, near term revenue growth may be impacted by extended sales and contract cycles in the current environment. Advisory and other revenue of $39,000,000 was down $25,000,000 sequentially, primarily reflecting the absence of PennyMac Equity Method earnings following the charitable contribution of our remaining equity stake in the Q1 as well as lower transition management assignments. Total expense was essentially flat year over year, driven in part by higher compensation and lower G and A expense. Employee compensation and benefit expense was up 6% year over year, reflecting higher base fee and incentive compensation driven in part by higher performance fees.
G and A expense was down $82,000,000 year over year and $165,000,000 sequentially, primarily due to significant amounts of non core G and A expense, including contingent consideration fair value adjustments, foreign exchange remeasurement and product launch deal and legal costs in prior periods. 2nd quarter G and A expense of $388,000,000 which included $12,000,000 related to a fixed asset impairment and several $1,000,000 of incremental costs associated with COVID-nineteen also reflected meaningfully lower T and A expense versus pre pandemic levels. In January, we communicated an expectation for an approximate 5% increase in 2020 core G and A expense versus comparable 2019 levels, driven by continued investment in technology and market data, including sustainability initiatives and the full year impact of the Efront acquisition. At present, given reduced levels of T and E in the current environment, we would expect core G and A expense for the year to be closer to 2 percent higher than comparable 2019 levels. Our 2nd quarter as adjusted operating margin of 43.7% was up 60 basis points from a year ago, primarily reflecting lower G and A expense in the current quarter.
We remain margin aware and committed to optimizing organic growth in the most efficient way possible. Our long term strategic growth plan continues to be focused on iShares, illiquid alternatives and technology, as well as driving sustainable investing and creating whole portfolio solutions. As you will hear more from Larry, we have never been better positioned to deliver for clients and to continue generating differentiated organic growth. With that in mind, we expect to restart selective hiring in the second half of this year. Our capital management strategy remains first to invest in our business and then return excess cash to shareholders through a combination of dividends and share repurchases.
During our Q1 earnings call, we reaffirmed commitments to both our dividend and share repurchase plans for the year. In late April, we completed a net issuance to increase liquidity in the current environment, take advantage of historically low interest rates and pre refinance our $750,000,000 4.25 percent notes due May 2021. We successfully issued $1,250,000,000 of new tenure notes with a 1.9% coupon, which was the lowest in BlackRock's debt stack and the 2nd lowest 10 year coupon ever from a financial issuer. And in May, PNC successfully monetized its entire 22% position in BlackRock through a secondary stock offering, culminating a 25 year partnership with our firm. This transaction effectively completes BlackRock's evolution to a 100% publicly held company and we are humbled by the commitment of many of our largest and longest tenured shareholders who participated in the offering and welcome a number of significant new investors to our company.
In connection with the secondary sale, BlackRock repurchased $1,100,000,000 of its shares directly from P&C at a price of $4.15 per share. In total, we've now repurchased $1,500,000,000 worth of common shares during 2020, completing our targeted level of share repurchases for the year, but will remain opportunistic should attractive relative valuation opportunities arise. Over the past 15 weeks, BlackRock has been more connected to clients than ever before, offering differentiated advice and solutions that are unique to our globally integrated and scaled investment in technology platform. Organic growth of $100,000,000,000 in the 2nd quarter suggests that these clients want to hear from us now more than ever. IShares net inflows of $51,000,000,000 representing 11% annualized organic asset growth and 13% annualized organic base fee growth reflected continued growth in fixed income and sustainable ETFs, partially offset by outflows from Precision International Equity Exposures as institutions continue to use these instruments for tactical allocation decisions.
Year to date, iShares net inflows are now in line with a year ago, despite a more challenging Q1 led by strong growth in the Q2. Many of the trends that favor the growth of ETFs have been further catalyzed as a result of recent market disruption and coupled with the performance and resilience of iShares during this period has strengthened our conviction in the overall growth outlook for ETFs. IShares fixed income ETFs generated record quarterly net inflows of 57,000,000,000 dollars in the 2nd quarter, driven by renewed investor appetite for fixed income and acceleration in long term secular growth trends and even stronger investor confidence in fixed income ETFs following their strong performance amid market stress earlier this year. Momentum in sustainable iShares also continued with $8,000,000,000 of net inflows in the 2nd quarter. IShares remains committed to its goal of increasing investor access to sustainable investing through ETFs and we now lead the market globally in this high growth strategic product category.
Retail net inflows of $16,000,000,000 representing 11% annualized organic asset growth were positive in both the U. S. And international. Inflows were led by high yield bond, active equity and event driven liquid alternatives funds. Institutional net outflows of $5,000,000,000 reflected approximately $3,000,000,000 of active inflows, primarily driven by fixed income, life path target date funds, OCIO, systematic active equity and illiquid alternative strategies offset by nearly $8,000,000,000 of net index outflows primarily in fixed income.
Institutional and retail demand for alternatives continued in the Q2, with approximately $3,000,000,000 of net inflows across liquid and illiquid strategies, driven by infrastructure, private equity solutions and our event driven hedge fund. We currently have approximately $24,000,000,000 of committed capital to deploy for institutional clients in a variety of alternative strategies, representing a significant source of future base and performance fees. BlackRock's cash management platform crossed $600,000,000,000 of AUM during the quarter, driven by $24,000,000,000 of net inflows. A significant portion of that growth was driven by corporate clients who acted to reinforce balance sheets and strengthen liquidity in the current environment, and we also witnessed strong flows back into institutional prime funds. As gross yields have remained above relevant thresholds, we have not waived fees on flagship government funds to date.
However, we expect potential fee waivers may be implemented during the second half of the year. Finally, 2nd quarter advisory net inflows of $14,000,000,000 were primarily linked purchases managed by our Financial Markets Advisory Group. Revenue linked to these assignments is primarily reflected in the advisory and other revenue line item of our income statement. BlackRock's 2nd quarter results once again demonstrate the resilience of our platform, underscore the importance of our deep, long standing partnerships with clients and highlight the value of investments we have made over time. The diversification and breadth of our business positions us to serve stakeholders in a variety of environments and to continue playing offense, so we are able to deliver for clients, employees and shareholders both during and after this crisis.
With that, I'll turn it over to Larry.
Thank you, Gary. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining the call. I know this continues to be a difficult time for many people. So first and foremost, I hope you all are staying healthy and safe. Our clients are turning to BlackRock more than ever as they face increasingly uncertainty about the future.
Pensions, many of them already underfunded, are having an even harder time meeting their liabilities in a persistent low rate environment. Insurers are dealing with the dual impact of a sharp increase in payouts and declining asset values. Individuals are becoming even more dependent on their retirement savings, which are all the more challenging to build in this environment. People have now worked for months at home, while also maintaining distance from their friends and loved ones. This prolonged isolation is increasingly many people's desire for connectivity.
I feel this way. I see it across all our people at BlackRock. I'm hearing it from our clients worldwide. BlackRock's strong fiduciary culture and our unified operating and technology platform has allowed us to adapt to serve and connect with our clients through this period. Across all segments, all geographies, clients have sought timely contextualized context to help them analyze economic indicators, understand policy actions, make sense of these turbulent markets and rebalance their portfolios accordingly.
BlackRock's strategy has been centered around sharing the insights that meet this demand and delivering the comprehensive investment and technology solutions our clients need to build resilient portfolios. We are bringing together the entirety of the BlackRock platform entrusting BlackRock with a greater share of their assets through a deeper partnership. BlackRock generated $100,000,000,000 in net inflows in the 2nd quarter, representing 6% organic asset growth and 10% organic boat base fee growth. Our platform was positioned to meet this client demand because of investments we made over time to build a truly client centric business. It is critical that we continue to invest in our business through these difficult times, not only to serve clients and shareholders, but to support our employees and communities now more than ever with compassion, forward thinking will be essential to our future.
The human toll of COVID-nineteen continues to be severe. The virus is highly infectious. Therapies remain elusive and vaccinations are still months away. While economic pressures are not comparable to the human loss, month long shutdowns have been devastating to those who have lost their jobs and income. Over the past few weeks, government leaders have been forced to make inevitable choices between stemming the virus and reopening the economy.
In some emerging market countries, these choices are even more difficult given the fragility of their economic systems, the fragility of their healthcare infrastructure and the lack of fiscal and monetary space. Despite this backdrop, financial markets have rebounded as historic stimulus measures by the world's central banks and governments have been unquestionably successful in limiting investor fears. These policy measures combined with the anticipated pace of recovery has fueled optimism in the market. The S and P 500, for example, has bounced back more than 40% since its lows in March is once again approaching a record high. We are speaking to you from our New York City offices as BlackRock employees begin their return to the office in split operations on Monday.
I remain cautiously optimistic about our path to recovery and I'm heartened as we begin to return to somewhat normalcy.
There will
be positive societal changes from this pandemic despite the uncertainty and the suffering it is causing today. More companies will adopt a more permanent remote work coming out of this crisis, which will have a positive environmental impact as congestion eases in cities and hopefully improve quality of life for more people. And the uptake in the use of technology by more people than ever before will catalyze change in many industries, including asset and wealth management. At the same time, local and national governments must grapple with the lingering economic toll of the pandemic, including its potential to exacerbate income inequality if the real and financial economies remain divergent. BlackRock is leveraging the full breadth of our capabilities to meet our clients where they are, be relevant in their changing needs and to provide them with solutions.
Aladdin has enabled BlackRock and its clients to seamlessly operate from home. IShares ETFs have provided investors with transparency, liquidity and price discovery during periods of extreme market stress. Clients turn to our scaled cash management platform for liquidity and safety driving $77,000,000,000 of inflows in the first half of this year. And BlackRock's ability to be a whole portfolio partners for clients have proven critical as more institutional and client and well clients are turning to us for help designing and implementing a more resilient portfolio. Our client centric approach drove $18,000,000,000 of net inflows year to date in BlackRock, managed models and outsourced CIO solutions.
Our strong fiduciary culture is resonating in the depth of our relationships and the strength of our results. As in the past times of crisis, BlackRock's Financial Markets Advisory team has been once again called upon to serve governments and the broader public. Public. FMA's work as an advisor extends back to 1994 and the work they are doing today with 5 governments around the world, including the New York Federal Reserve Bank on programs that support the economy is another reflection of BlackRock's ability to deliver insights and information. These recent partnerships are also a testament to the trust we have earned executing these types of assignments over time and the trust of clients and regulators have in BlackRock's culture.
Volatile markets create opportunities for generating alpha and we are seeing the benefits across our active platforms, which is the top performing with 82% of both fundamental active equities and taxable fixed income assets above benchmarks or peer median for the 3 year period. Strong active performance across a number of our flagship mutual fund franchises drove global retail net inflows of $16,000,000,000 in the 2nd quarter, positive across the United States, Europe and Asia Pacific. Flows globally were led by demand in our top performing high yield bonds, our health science products, our technology funds, supported by our global distribution reach and a deepening partnership with wealth managers and financial advisors around the world as they turn to BlackRock for insight and whole portfolio solutions. Across retail and institutional active equities, we generated a record $8,000,000,000 in net inflows, our 5th consecutive inflow quarter for active equities. The momentum we are seeing is a direct result of our investment to evolve the platform with better data, analytics, technology and a more informed risk taking culture with global scale and reach.
Our diverse and top performing active fixed income platform was well positioned for renewed client appetite in the Q2 and saw $13,000,000,000 of inflows following outflows across the industry in the Q1. Growth was driven by high yield and the second close of the BlackRock Securitized Investor Fund, which invests in assets financed under and adjacent to the recently reintroduced Federal Reserve term asset backed security loan facility. Client demand is strong across our top performing fixed income platform, which includes 5 of the 29 Morningstar Gold related active Think of Mutual Funds in the United States. Clients need differentiated sustainable alpha in their portfolios more than ever before. BlackRock has never been better positioned to meet their needs and I'm confident we will continue to generate the differentiated organic growth in all our active strategies.
BlackRock is working with our clients in more ways in both active and index. IShares generated $51,000,000,000 of net inflows in the 2nd quarter, led by demand for fixed income and sustainable, partially offset by outflows in certain precision and core international equity ETFs. As clients use iShares to rebalance the core of their portfolios or express risk off settlements in Europe and the emerging market equities. IShares has a purposeful differentiating business model that serves the broadest set of clients with the most diverse set of ETFs. Our combination of value, performance and versatility allows us to effectively serve individuals, partner with financial advisors and wealth managers and enable institutional investors with a tool for strategy and tactical allocations and liquidity management.
Client demand for iShares is accelerating globally, particularly in fixed income and sustainability. And in the RIA channel where our flows are up meaningfully and our leading market share position has further strengthened since the movement to commission free trading by U. S. Brokerage firms last year. We remain confident in the long term growth of both iShares and the ETF industry.
IShares fixed income ETFs generated a record $57,000,000,000 of debt inflows in the 2nd quarter. Through extreme market turbulence, they functioned incredibly well, which is unlocking new source of client demand globally. And particularly, pension funds, insurers and asset managers, including over 60 first time institutional clients of fixed income ETFs in the first half of this year are increasingly turning to ETFs as a preferred technology for liquidity, transparency, lower transaction costs and a better price discovery across market cycles and across the fixed income market. They're using ETFs for active fixed income strategies and we continue to believe fixed income ETFs can double in the next 5 years to $2,000,000,000,000 with iShares leading the market. Demand for sustainable products continue to accelerate as clients are increasingly turning to ESG not only for investments that reflect their values, but also to enhance performance, risk management and portfolio construction.
BlackRock generated a record $17,000,000,000 in sustainable iShares ETFs inflows year to date, outpacing the $12,000,000,000 from all of 2019 as we innovate and expand access to sustainable investment solutions. For example, last year when we launched our Liquid Environmentally Aware Fund or LEAF strategy, it was the 1st money market fund to incorporate ESG. In 1 year, it has grown to $13,000,000,000 Last year, we launched 4 iShares ESG asset allocation ETFs, the first of their kind. And together with other launches, we now have more than 3 quarters of the way towards our 3 year commitment of 150 ESG ETF offerings. We are also developing sustainable data analytics within Aladdin to address the need for better data and better technology to focus on climate risk.
We continue to anticipate BlackRock's sustainable assets under management will reach $1,000,000,000,000 by the end of the decade and we're focused on investing in this fast growing area. We are seeing increased demand for private market strategies as clients look for uncorrelated sources of return to meet their long duration liabilities. We generated over $3,000,000,000 of illiquid alternative inflows and commitments in the quarter, driven by infrastructure and our private equity solutions. Infrastructure will be a key component to driving growth as we look ahead to restarting the global economy. Infrastructure benefit not only investors, but create jobs in local community for individuals who work on the development, operations, maintenance of such assets.
BlackRock has purposely built a diversified infrastructure investment team, which now manages $28,000,000,000 in client assets, and we look forward to partnering with more clients in this asset class. Our results today are all enabled by our unified technology platform, which is a significant differentiator and growth driver for BlackRock. Technology Services revenues grew by 17% year over year as clients turned to Aladdin for comprehensive end to end technology that supports the entire investment process. As Gary mentioned, it has been 1 year since we acquired eFront and we recently crossed an important milestone with our first client going live on joint Aladdin and eFront solution. Trends that have fueled Aladdin's growth across institutional wealth and provider segments are only accelerating out of this crisis.
We continue to target low to mid teens technology services revenue growth over the long term. 2 years ago, I wrote about the importance of every company operating with a sense of purpose that in order to deliver durable long term returns, company needs to focus on all their stakeholders, not just their shareholders. This has been further amplified by the COVID-nineteen pandemic. Our investment stewardship team, which has been speaking with companies for years on these issues, have intensified their focus and dialogue with companies over the last few years to better understand how they are managing the S and ESG. Asking questions like how are corporations protecting and inspiring their employees?
How are we contributing to society? How are they balancing the pressure of society with efforts to oversee long term financial and operational performance? Within BlackRock, we are focused on living our purpose with compassion and with a lot of courage. This includes working together to build a more fair and just society. Recent events of racial injustice have been appalling, painful and truly eye opening because they reveal how pervasive these issues are in our society.
BlackRock is firmly committed to racial equality and while we've made a lot of progress in these recent years, it is clear to me that we have not we are not where we need to be. That is why BlackRock is making a long term commitment to build a more inclusive, a more diverse firm and user platform and our voice to advocate for change within our industry and more broadly. We laid out some very specific goals for ourself over the next several years. The process of building a more just equitable society will not be easy or quick and driving real change will require long term accountability and measurable progress. I am honored by the trust that clients, governments and communities that have placed in BlackRock, which we approach with a deep sense of responsibility.
We are committed to staying focused on our mission and true to our purpose. This is what enables us to thrive even during these unprecedented times and to deliver long term value to our clients, to our shareholders and to all our stakeholders. We crossed an important milestone in BlackRock's evolution as a public company in May. PNC exited their full position in BlackRock, which means many more stakeholders now have the opportunity to participate in BlackRock's future growth and performance. I want to thank PNC and their leadership for their support over the past 2.5 decades.
BlackRock could not be who we are today if we did not have that strong partnership with P&C. But I also want to welcome our new shareholders and thank our existing shareholders who have continued to put their trust and support in BlackRock over time. With that, operator, let us open it up for questions. Thank
Our first question comes from the line of Dan Fannon of Jefferies.
Thanks. Good morning, Dan.
My question is around flows. If you could expand upon the strength of active equities and then also talk about Methi Asset where you saw some outflows in the
quarter? So thank you, Dan. You know that we believe that all asset management decisions are active and as clients focus more on outcomes, both alpha seeking and index are going to play a pretty big role in their portfolios to drive returns. And in a lower return environment, alpha generation is even more critical as active managers have the potential to deliver a much greater portion of total investment return. So active strategies have a critical role in building efficient portfolios for clients with strong performance after fees.
Now the type of volatile market that we've seen in 2020 created a lot of opportunities for alpha generation. And as Larry mentioned, our integrated platform is positioned to deliver investment solutions and portfolio construction, leveraging the industry's most comprehensive array of active and index strategies across equity, fixed income, multi asset alternatives and cash. And the investments that we've made in our platform and our optimization of the unique assets that we have, our scale, access to relationships and information globally, our data and technology including Aladdin and portfolio construction expertise have positioned us to capture client and drive investment performance. In equities, we have arrived. It's about performance.
BlackRock has now seen 5 consecutive quarters of active equity inflows, including $8,000,000,000 in the Q2 and $18,000,000,000 over the last 12 months. The active equity net inflows in the 1st quarter were driven flows into several top performing franchises where organic growth has been supported by a track record of consistent active equity outperformance, a differentiated offering at the right value and distribution partnerships included our health sciences with $3,000,000,000 of net inflows performing in the top quartile for 3 years 5 years, technology with $3,000,000,000 of net inflows performing in the top decile for the 3 5 year periods, capital appreciation and large cap growth with $1,000,000,000 of net inflows performing in the top quartile for the 3 year and 5 year periods. In addition, we saw $1,000,000,000 in scientific equity flows from institutional clients. So it's been a long journey. The investments we've made over the past few years, including high quality in house research capabilities and the BlackRock Investment Institute have positioned us better than ever before to capture client demand and we'll continue to invest in data and technology to drive sustainable alpha generation.
And we are incredibly proud of our equity team. On the multi asset area, the net outflows of $5,000,000,000 were primarily due to outflows from global allocation as the world allocation industry category saw pressure. BlackRock's global allocation franchise significantly outperformed peers and stayed true to its 3 decade promise of providing upside return and limited downside capture. Global allocation is now at the top of its peer group, performing in the 7th, 12th and 21st percentiles over the 1, 3 5 year periods. Global allocation has seen its share of the world allocation category net outflows fall from -32% at year end to -10% through May 20, while maintaining its -eight percent market share of the category of assets under management.
So look, we continue that we made changes in our global allocation, rebuilt the team. We are seeing very good momentum in that and we expect to see growth return back in that. But we also continue to see multi asset inflows into our LifePath target date franchise and continued momentum in our OCIO business. So, it's an important area for us, but we are going to see both inflows and outflows as the world turns to different allocations depending upon the volatility in the markets.
Our next question comes from the line of Craig Siegenthaler of Credit Suisse.
Hi, Craig.
Hey, good morning, Larry. Hope you guys are all doing well.
Starting with fixed income ETFs, we all saw the strong momentum in 2Q. But what do you see as the key drivers? Which client groups were the biggest buyers? And then how do you think about the addressable market relative to your $2,000,000,000,000 target as we size the opportunity even longer term?
So Craig, we obviously have big ambitions for fixed income ETFs. And this last quarter has validated that this is an important asset class for fixed income going forward. In some of the previous comments, we mentioned that the industry has crossed the $1,000,000,000,000 mark in assets under management and we predicted this would double by 2024. But today the category is already over 1.3 trillion with growth split evenly between the second half of last year and the first half of this year. And our conviction in iShares leadership has been strengthened as a result of the strong performance and market disruption that you saw in the Q1 and record iShares fixed income flows of $57,000,000,000 in the 2nd quarter.
So more directly, investors of all kinds have more confidence in fixed income ETFs than ever before following the extreme test in the Q1. IShares fixed income ETFs performed under extreme stress with better liquidity, price discovery, usage tracking and bid ask spreads than the underlying markets and competitors. So as a result, we've seen increased demand from both institutional and retail investors, including a notable acceleration in adoption coming from wealth managers, asset managers, pension funds and insurance companies all around the world. We just published earlier this week a paper called Turning Point, which provides further facts around performance and why investors are using fixed income ETFs. We have seen iShares attract over 60 new highly sophisticated pension plans, asset managers and insurance clients to become first time fixed income ETF buyers and now hold $10,000,000,000 year to date.
Even prior to the Federal Reserve purchase of fixed income ETFs, insurance companies were net buyers of fixed income ETFs throughout the volatile first quarter and more than $2,000,000,000 worth of LQD was purchased in the 1st 3 months by these institutional investors with 83% occurring before the Federal Reserve announced plans to buy ETFs. So today we manage over 6.30 $4,000,000,000 in fixed income ETF assets and that's up from $514,000,000 this time last year and 402, 2 years ago. So iShares gathered 47% of the $118,000,000,000 of industry flows year to date into fixed income ETFs. And this inflow into ETF contrast with the continuing all types are recognizing that fixed income ETFs are more efficient, more transparent, offer better performance and more convenient ways to access the bond market. So we continue to believe that global fixed income ETFs can double to $2,000,000,000,000 in the next 3 to 4 years, driven by the modernization of the $100,000,000,000,000 bond market and from conversions of bond securities by institutions, central banks and alpha managers into ETFs.
And we're going to continue to evangelize and we will continue to work with clients on how these tools can provide them with good value in the fixed income market.
Our next question comes from the line of Ken Worthington of JPMorgan.
Hi, good morning. Maybe taking fixed income from a slightly different direction, interest rates have fallen to unprecedented lows in the U. S. And fixed income product yields are following. There's speculation that the ultra low interest rate environment could alter traditional U.
S. Asset allocation, U. S. Asset allocation, for example, the sixty-forty model to the detriment of fixed income allocations. So do you think there are longer term implications of lower or ultra low yields on investor asset allocation to fixed income?
If so, are implications similar or different for retail versus institutional? And ultimately, what does this mean for the growth of BlackRock traditional fixed income assets?
So with low interest rates, there is still a room for a significant allocation to fixed income. We see it in the asset allocation models and we see it in specifically in the models that we are building both for the RIA channels and also for other institutions. BlackRock generated $60,000,000,000 of fixed income inflows across both the active and index platforms and this was meeting new demand and new client appetite for fixed income. So investor confidence in both the active fixed income funds and the fixed income ETFs actually grew and following the strong performance and the liquidity management needed amid this market stress in the Q1 and Q2, we were pretty well positioned. So even though interest rates were lower, we saw that people needed an alternative to cash.
And what we saw is incredible demand into both the high yield and the investment grade credit area. So we saw 13,000,000,000 dollars of active fixed income net inflows and that reflected $8,000,000,000 $5,000,000,000 of net inflows from both retail and institutional clients respectively. Institutional flows were pretty broad based. So even though rates were low, the retail flows were led by the high yield franchise with about $8,000,000,000 of net inflows where our flagship high yield bond is performing in the 17 percentile. Now the other point about low interest rates is note that when it comes to ETFs, we're the number one global franchise player.
So rates seem low in the U. S. Today, but they have been lower outside of the U. S. So we are seeing a huge demand for U.
S. Fixed income from Asia and from Europe. So even with low rates, it's all relative. I still think that the fixed income market is going to continue to grow. You also saw the volatility in the markets, which is going to lead to people needing to execute in a more efficient way.
So, I understand where you're going in that, but people will be still looking for fixed income. It just may move from treasuries to credit to alternative structures.
Our next question comes from the line of Glenn Schorr of Evercore.
Hey, Glenn.
Hello there. How are you? Hi, Bill. So I want to talk about illiquids. Thank you.
Good to hear. I want to talk about the illiquid build. Clearly, it's happening. I heard your comments about both infrastructure and private equity and I see your $75,000,000,000 now. So the question is, where do you still need to build?
Maybe focus a little bit more on the private credit side and wanted to, in conjunction with that, get your opinion on the recent DOL ruling for inclusion in 401 and target based funds? Thanks.
Great question. So we continue to emphasize and grow our liquid alternatives. We're seeing growth across the world in every area of the world and across all our different distribution channels. I believe we continue to have very large and real opportunities. As I said earlier, we are going to continue to be driving great growth in our in the infrastructure area and we could continue to see real opportunities in some of our credit opportunities and even in some of the private equity areas.
We're going to continue to build this out organically by building out our teams. Our hedge funds actually across the board have done exceedingly well in these very volatile times. Our European hedge fund is once again double digit performance. Our health science products continue to be doing exceedingly well. And so I think what is really happening overall is, I think 5 years ago, we were not as recognized as being a participant in the illiquid alternative space and today we are.
We are in the top 5 in terms of asset growth and we continue to be driving even more accelerated growth in these areas. And related to the DOL rule related to the PE and target date funds, this is a positive development. It will increase access for individuals, the benefit in the private markets. And we're very well positioned with the relationships in that area. And obviously, because our Life path target date franchise was being more than $260,000,000,000 we have great opportunities to present different asset categories into these strategies.
And so we are very well positioned. It's very early days. We have to see how this implementation will work, what type of disclosures that is going to be necessary. But we're excited about these opportunities. It furthers the opportunity for us to have an accelerated position in the illiquid area because of our strength and positioning in our target date business.
And so I'm quite excited about this opportunity, but we need to wait and see how this is going to be implemented, the type of disclosures we need to do. We need to make sure that the investors know what they're investing in. They know the associated risk in it. We're talking about retirement assets and as a fiduciary, we have to ensure that our clients' retirement assets are protected and they understand fully the risks associated with the investments. And so as investors move their retirement assets across different investment spectrum, a great need for risk analytics.
And this is only going to mean more opportunities for eFront and Aladdin as more and more clients are starting to look at illiquids and there's going to be a great need for technology and technology utilization to help them understand the risk. And I believe the need for the risk. And I believe the need for technology and risk management in these areas is going to be required as for all of us as a fiduciary to all our clients' retirement assets.
Our next question comes from the line of Alex Blostein of Goldman Sachs.
Good morning, Alex.
Hey, Larry. Good morning, everybody. A question for you guys around Aladdin and specifically I wanted to talk about provider Aladdin. We haven't gotten an update on that in a little while, but it looked like Citi, I think joined the platform. I think you guys already partnered with BK and a handful of others.
So maybe talk a little bit about where the build out stands, whether or not BlackArk is still kind of the primary customer of provider Aladdin? And when do you guys would anticipate other asset managers potentially joining the service?
So Aladdin provider, as you know, was created as a response to the industry's desire for closer integration along the investment life cycle to drive efficiency. And as a leading investment management platform used by 90 plus asset managers globally, Aladdin is uniquely positioned to drive increased standardization across the ecosystem. So by working directly with asset servicers to streamline the operating model, Aladdin provider leverages Aladdin's proprietary data interfaces and workflows to drive this connectivity and the transparency and the information symmetry between the asset manager and the asset servicer. So through provider Aladdin, we have the capability now to enable custodians and middle office outsourcers to service client assets directly on Aladdin, and this allows a further refinement and reduction of friction in our clients' operating models, improving the data quality and streamlining the workflows. So more broadly, we are seeing the demand for what we're going to call interoperability with asset managers, trading venues and the market data providers as they continue to grow as clients, they want to increase straight through processing.
And this will consolidate the number of systems that they have to do their jobs and maintain optionality in their counterparty relationships. So we're continuing to build this out. This is part of BlackRock's long term technology strategy to provide technology for as much of the asset management value chain as possible. So we are continuing to build this out, lots of interest and I think it will improve the ecosystem going forward.
Our last question comes from the line of Bill Katz of Citigroup.
Hi Bill. Good morning everybody. Thank you so much for taking the call this morning. So maybe a big picture question for you, just given all the moving parts. I appreciate that the market beta is probably the biggest variable test, but assuming sort of a neutral view of that, how do you sort of see the fee rate evolving from here?
And then Gary, you had mentioned the potential for some money market fee waivers in the second half of the year. I was wondering if you could help potentially quantify that?
Thank you. Sure, Bill. Good to hear your voice. So I don't think anything has really changed with regard to our views on fee rates. As you know, we talk a lot about what we can control and what we can't control.
And so as we've talked before, our fee rates are obviously in many respects tied to beta, in particular divergent beta, what's going on in FX, client risk preferences and the like. And I think as we mentioned last quarter as we entered the quarter with a fee rate that was obviously down as a result of what was happening in the markets. I think the good news is a combination of strong markets and organic growth in the second quarter has almost entirely eliminated the headwind that we had talked about last quarter. And while Q2 AUM, as you said, is up 13% since the Q1, it's obviously still down. So we estimate we're entering the 3rd quarter at a run rate that's essentially equal to our Q1 base fees.
We're probably about 4% higher entering the 3rd quarter than we were over the 2nd quarter. But on an equivalent day count basis, our base fees were still down sequentially. And as you know, that was despite higher security lending revenue as well. The impact of negative diversion beta and FX was also the primary reason we saw that decline of 0.2 basis points in our 2nd quarter effective fee rate, which will obviously impact us going forward. So we're still there's still some beta issues.
The good news is this quarter, we obviously saw a positive difference in our organic base fee growth relative to organic asset growth, and that's because we saw some significant success in some of our higher fee products. Rob's talked a lot about those. Obviously, iShares ETFs was a strategic category that comes in higher than our average fee rate as well as our active and our illiquid. So I think to the extent that we can continue to watch and push some of those products, which I think we're incredibly well positioned for, as we think about all of the trends coming out of the pandemic that have been in many respects magnified before the pandemic where we were investing, so ETFs, sustainability, fixed income more broadly, I think we're going to see some very positive impacts if we can see that continuation going forward. On the fee waiver point, as I mentioned in my initial calls, we haven't yet waived any fees.
But in the past, when our clients have struggled with low rates and subject to market conditions, we have used yield support waivers. They typically come into play when yields fall below management fees. We typically share them with our distribution partners. And previously, in other periods of time, we've tried to maintain yield floors of somewhere around 1 to 3 basis points. And so while timing is obviously depends on a lot of things, depending on how quickly portfolios grow, how quickly portfolios turnover.
We haven't really come into that. So as an example, our Fed fund gross yield today is roughly around 20 basis points. That's in excess of the management fee, which is closer to 17 basis points. So we do think that kind of putting on our looking at our crystal ball that will probably start to hit us in August or September, but I would say a couple of things as you think about that. If we do choose to implement yield support waivers, we do anticipate that about 40% to 50% of those would be shared with our distributors, so that lessens the bottom line impact for us.
And we would also anticipate that the primary impact would be on U. S. Government funds, which represents today about 50% of our overall cash business. And then the final point I would I'll just leave you with in this current low rate environment is as we also mentioned, we've been seeing increasing inflows into prime funds. And I think as long as those are operating and with the Fed currently providing some secondary market support there, we do think we'll continue to see people migrate out of government funds into those prime vehicles, which we don't anticipate to be impacted by fee waivers.
And ladies and gentlemen, we have reached the allotted time for questions. Mr. Fink, do you have any closing remarks?
I want to thank everybody for joining us this morning for continuing interest in BlackRock. I'm proud of the progress we've made in helping our clients through the uncertainty in the first half of twenty twenty. We will continue to invest and innovate in the years to come, so we can better meet our clients' needs. That's what we're all about. We're going to continue to generate growth and importantly fulfill our purpose in helping more and more people experience financial well-being.
That is our purpose. That is what differentiates us. It is our fiduciary culture of building strong, deep, long term partnerships with our clients, with our communities where we work with governments and we will continue to do so. I wish all of you to have a safe and healthy start to the Q3 and let's hope for all humanity that we find a solution quickly for this dreaded disease. Thank you everyone.
Have a good quarter.