Good morning. My name is Jasmine, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Q1 earnings conference call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speaker's remarks, there will be a question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question during this time, simply press star, then the number 1 on your telephone keypad. If you would like to withdraw your question, press the pound key. Thank you. I would now like to turn the conference over to Richard Galanti. Please go ahead, sir.
Thank you, Jasmine, and good morning to everyone. This morning's press release reviews our first quarter earnings results for the 12 weeks ended November 24th. As with every conference call, I'll start by stating that the discussions we are having will include forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and that these statements involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual events, results, and/or performance to differ materially from those indicated by such statements. The risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those outlined in today's call, as well as other risks identified from time to time in the company's public statements and reports filed with the SEC. To begin with, for the quarter, our reported earnings came in at $0.96 a share compared to last year's earnings per share of $0.95.
Several items of note that impacted the year-over-year comparison, I'll go through six items. Membership fee increase, as I've been mentioning for the last many quarters. The fee increase that we did in the U.S. and Canada in late 2011 and early 2012, that benefited this first quarter earnings by about $8 million pre-tax or $0.01 a share. That'll be the tail end of the benefit of that increase hitting our numbers. Interest expense was higher year-over-year in the first quarter by $14 million pre-tax or $0.02 a share. This, of course, related to last December's $3.5 billion debt offering in conjunction with a $7 per share special dividend. FX in the first quarter, the foreign currencies where we operate weakened versus the U.S. dollar, primarily in Canada and Japan.
This resulted in our foreign earnings in the first quarter, when converted into U.S. dollars, being lower by about $14 million pre-tax or $0.02 a share than those earnings would have been had FX exchange rates been flat year-over-year. Gasoline profits. Gas is a very good business for us. It drives frequency, we feel. Year-over-year it's always profitable, although it tends to be volatile. In the first quarter, that impacted earnings by a little over $0.02 a share. Stock expense, that's the line item that we have in our SG&A. It was higher year-over-year in the first quarter by a little over $0.02 a share as well. We have over 4,000 people, generally managers and buyers and above, who receive restricted stock units as a significant part of their annual compensation.
Such grants are made annually each October or in our first fiscal quarter. These RSU grants typically vest over a five-year period with accelerated vesting when a recipient reaches 25, 30, and 35 years of employment with the company. Factors driving this increase included a 24% increase year-over-year in our stock price on the dates in which the RSUs are granted each year. Additional levels of accelerated vesting, given many employees long tenure with the company, and a large number of employees in the plan. I should note that this past October, our RSU grants were reduced by an average of around 15%. That is the number of RSUs granted to each recipient. The increased expense occurred, of course, notwithstanding that reduction. IT modernization. I've talked again about that. We're in our probably second full year of a major modernization effort.
As discussed in the past several quarters, these efforts will continue to negatively impact our SG&A expense percentages throughout fiscal 2014 and probably a little beyond that, especially as the new systems are placed into service and depreciation begins. In the first quarter on an incremental year-over-year basis, these costs impacted SG&A by about $12 million or about three basis points. Turning to our sales for the first quarter. Our 12-week reported comparable sales figures for the first quarter showed a 3% increase, 3% in the U.S. and 1% internationally. As indicated in our release, excluding gas price deflation and the impact of FX, the 3% reported U.S. comp would have been 4% for the quarter. The 1% international would have been up 6%, and the overall 3% for the company would have been plus 5% on a basis excluding gas deflation and FX.
Other topics of interest, opening activities and plans. We opened 13 locations during the first quarter of fiscal 2014, nine throughout the U.S., one in Alberta, Canada, one in Monterrey, Mexico, our third in that city, and two new units in Australia, bringing Australia now to five total units in operation. During the fiscal quarter, one location was closed in Acapulco, Mexico. This was due to the extensive damage that resulted from the severe flooding down there from Tropical Storm Manuel. That may or may not reopen this fiscal year, but most likely, certainly in calendar 2014. Since the end of the first quarter, we have opened in Q2 two new locations, one in Illinois and one in Canada in Ontario. That gives us 15 new openings thus far in fiscal 2014.
For the entire fiscal year, we have a current plan of 30 new locations, 16 of which are planned for the U.S., four in Australia, including the two we recently opened, three in Canada, two each in Korea, Japan, and Spain. Of course, those would be our first two units in Spain, and one additional location in Mexico. I'll also discuss later in the call, e-commerce activities, membership trends, and of course, discussion on the components of margin and SG&A. Again, quarterly results, total sales were up 5% to $24.5 billion. On a comp basis, a reported three, which again, excluding gas deflation and FX, was a five on a normalized basis.
In terms of the 3% reported comp, that was a combination of an average transactions decrease of 2%, actually up almost 1% excluding deflation and FX, and an average frequency increase of just under 4.5% for the quarter. In terms of sales comparisons geographically, for the first quarter, the better performing regions in the U.S. were the Southeast, Midwest, and Texas. Internationally, in local currencies, the better performing countries were Canada, Mexico, and Australia. In terms of merchandise categories for the quarter. For the first quarter within food and sundries, candy, deli, and refrigerated were the relative standouts. Hardlines was probably the most challenging category. Majors came in negative for the quarter, challenging, of course, in televisions and in cameras. Better performing departments within the hardlines were office and automotive. Slightly negative overall for the department.
Within the low double-digit softlines positive comps, small electrics, apparel, and jewelry were the relative standouts. Within fresh foods, comps in the mid-singles. Better performing departments included produce, meat, and deli. Moving down the line items of the income statement. In the first quarter, membership fee income came in at $549 million, or 2.24% of sales. That's a 7.3% or $38 million increase versus the first quarter of last year, and as a percent of sales up four basis points. As I mentioned earlier, that did include the extra $8 million as the first time that incremental benefit from the fee increase that we did almost two years ago. In terms of membership, we continue to benefit from strong renewal rates, a little over 90% in Canada and U.S., and just under 87% worldwide.
Continued increased penetration of executive members and, of course, the benefit I just mentioned from the fee increase. Our new membership sign-ups in the first quarter company-wide were up 17%. That's, of course, due to the fact that we opened 13 units this year in the first quarter versus nine a year ago. This year's first quarter included three international openings, which tend to have higher sign-ups at opening. In terms of number of members at Q1 end, Gold Star members came in at the end of the first quarter at 29.6 million, up from 28.9 million 12 weeks earlier at the end of the fiscal year. Primary business at 6.7 million, up from 6.6 million 12 weeks ago. Business add-on at 3.5 million each.
Total member households, which at the end of the fiscal year had been at 39 million even, came in at the end of the first quarter at 39.8 million. All told, we have 72.5 million cardholders out there at the end of the first quarter, up from 71.2 million at fiscal year end. In terms of paid executive members, they stood at 13.9 million of those totals, an increase of about 330,000 during the quarter, or a little over 27,000 new executive members per week increase. They represent about 35% of our member base now and over two-thirds of our sales. In terms of renewal rates, as I mentioned, they've continued to be strong. Our total membership had eked up a little bit from a 90.0 at the end of the fiscal year to 90.2 and worldwide from an 86.3 to an 86.5.
Going down the gross margin line, our reported gross margins were up 13 basis points to 10.81%. As usual, I will ask you to jot down four columns and six line items. Basically, the first two columns would be reported for the entire fiscal year of 2013. The second column would be also for the entire year of fiscal 2013, without gas. For the first quarter, columns 3 and 4 would be reported, then without gas deflation. Going down the lines, it would be core merchandise year-over-year, ancillary businesses, 2% reward, LIFO, other, and total. Again, going across core merchandising for the fiscal year, fiscal 2013 versus fiscal 2012 was lower by four basis points in both of those columns. Ancillary businesses was better in the fiscal 2013, +6 in both of those columns. 2% reward, -2 in both columns.
LIFO, +5 basis points in both columns. Other, +2 in both columns. That was that non-recurring legal settlement, which benefited our margins last year. The total fiscal 2013 over fiscal 2012 was up 7 basis points, both on a reported basis and without gas. For the first quarter, merchandise core reported was up 12, without gas deflation up 3. Ancillary up 5, without gas, +2. 2% reward, -3 and -2. LIFO, -1 and -1. Other, zero and zero. Again, total reported for the first quarter year-over-year in the first quarter was 13 basis points up, taking out gas deflation was up 2 basis points.
In terms of core merchandising, the component of gross margin being up again 12, 3 excluding gas, both food and sundries and hardline subcategories were up in basis points year-over-year, while softlines was down slightly year-over-year and fresh foods had lower year-over-year gross margins as well. Ancillary business gross margins were up, as I mentioned, 2 basis points without gas. e-commerce, business centers, and pharmacy all showed higher margins year-over-year, offsetting slightly lower gas margins. Our 2% reward, again, increasing sales penetration of that and therefore increasing executive member rewards caused a 2 basis point year-over-year reduction in margin due to the reward program. LIFO, last year in the quarter, we had a $2 million LIFO credit. This year, there was a very small LIFO charge of about $1 million, so about a 1 basis point swing year-over-year.
Moving on to SG&A. Our SG&A percentage in the first quarter was higher or worse by 17 basis points, coming in at 10.22% this year in the first quarter compared to 10.05% last year in the first quarter. Again, we will do the same four columns reported for all of fiscal 2013 then without gas. Columns 3 and 4 reported for the first quarter year-over-year, then without gas for the first quarter year-over-year. In terms of operations in the fiscal year, both columns are the same columns 1 and 2, zero and zero for operations. Central, zero and zero. RSUs or stock compensation, -3 and -3. Quarterly adjustment, +2 and +2.
For a total in fiscal 2013, SG&A was higher by one basis point or minus one year-over-year. Columns three and four, operations on a reported basis was nine basis points of that 17, minus nine. Without gas, zero. Central, minus three and minus two. Stock or RSU compensation, minus five and minus five. No quarterly adjustments, then again, total minus 17 or 17 basis points higher year-over-year in the first quarter, and again, without gas, minus seven. Core operations again, was flat, excluding the impact of gas deflation. Within operations, our payroll SG&A percentage was actually two basis points better year-over-year, while benefits, workers' comp, and related expenses were about four basis points worse year-over-year. Those are the two big factors within SG&A for core. Central expense was higher year-over-year, two basis points without gas.
Again, primarily related to the increased IT spending as we continue our modernization efforts. As I said, this will continue to be a drag on SG&A, especially as the new systems are placed into service and depreciation begins. Finally, SG&A expense related stock compensation I mentioned earlier, I won't go through the detail again, was at five basis points year-over-year. In terms of pre-opening, $6 million higher, coming in at $24 million in the first quarter. Last year in the first quarter, we had nine openings. As I mentioned, we had 13 openings this year, so no real surprises there. All told, reported operating income in the first quarter totaled $639 million last year and was up to $668 million this year, or an increase of $29 million. I won't go through the items I mentioned earlier.
Below the operating income line, reported interest expense was higher versus last year, coming in at $27 million, up $14 million from last year's $13 million in the quarter. That's essentially the $3.5 billion debt offering we did and the interest expense associated with that. We did that, I believe, in mid-December, so there'll be a little bit of a year-over-year negative impact in Q2, then it'll be no delta year-over-year. Interest income and other was lower by $2 million in the quarter, coming in last year at $20 million and this year at $18 million. Actual interest income component was slightly up while the other component was slightly down, nothing of size to mention. Overall, pre-tax income was up from $646 million last year in the first quarter to $659 this year. Below pre-tax, tax rates.
Our effective tax rate this quarter came in at 34.6%, or about two-tenths of a percent better or lower than last year's rate of 34.8%. I think most of it relates to simply the various discrete items that impact each year, a little bit of improvement there. Overall net income was up $416 million last year to $425 million this year in the first quarter. Quick rundown of other topics. Balance sheet, of course, is included in today's press release. In terms of depreciation and amortization for the first quarter, it was $231 million. One of the metrics we always talk about is our accounts payables % of inventory. On a reported basis last year, it was 108%. This year in the first quarter, it was 99%. Both of those numbers include quite a bit of non-merchandise payables, particularly as we ramp up expansion.
Construction payables, if you will. If you just looked at merchandise accounts payable to inventories, last year's 108 was a 94, and this year's 99 was an 89. I'll talk about that in a moment of why that came down a little. Average inventory per warehouse last year in the first quarter was $13.2 million. This year in the first quarter, it was up $1.2 million to $14.5 million. We're up about 9%. Both of those AP ratios and the higher inventories is for the most part because of how Thanksgiving fell one week later in the calendar this year. The first week of Q2 versus last year was the last week of Q1. Much of that excess has since been burned off and talking to the senior merchants, their view is no issues with inventory levels going into the last few weeks before calendar year end.
In terms of CapEx, for the quarter, it was $572 million. Our CapEx is estimated to be about $2.4 billion this year compared to $2.1 billion last year. Higher year-over-year spend, of course, due to the increased level of planned openings. In terms of dividends, our quarterly dividend remained at $0.31 a share or $1.24 on an annualized basis. Based on shares outstanding, that's about a $540 million annual expenditure. Costco online, we're now in four countries, U.S., Canada, U.K., and most recently Mexico. Mexico e-commerce commenced operations in late October. For the first quarter, sales and profits were up over last year. Q1 e-commerce sales were up 24%. Excluding, again, the more relative recent and smaller startups in the U.K. and Mexico, U.S. and Canada in the quarter was up 22%.
E-commerce still is a relatively small part of our company, running about 2.5% of our total sales. We've had a variety of initiatives in that area. We're always asked those questions, so I'll point out a couple of things. Of course, a year and a half ago, we re-platformed the site and shortly thereafter added mobile apps. We've combined, in the last year, some e-commerce merchandising efforts with inline efforts. We think that's given us a better merchandise capability there. We've added a few categories, most particularly apparel, some apparel items. We've done, I think, a better job of improving the timing of shipments by expanding various shipping points, so getting the merchandise more quickly to our members.
In terms of expansion, last year we opened 26 units and started fiscal 2013 a quarter ago at 608 units and ended at 634, so that was up a little over 4% square footage growth. This year, assuming we get to the 30 net units on a base of 634, that would round up to about 5% square footage growth. Again, if we get to 30, and we expect to, 16 in the U.S., four in Australia, three in Canada, two each in Korea, Japan, and Spain, and one in Mexico. Square footage at Q1 end totaled 92,654,000 sq ft. With that, I'll turn it back to Jasmine for Q&A, and then I'll put myself on speakerphone here.
Again, I would like to remind everyone, in order to ask a question, please press star, then the number one on your telephone keypad. Again, that's star one to ask a question. We'll pause for just a moment to compile the Q&A roster. Your first question comes from the line of John Heinbockel from Guggenheim Securities.
Hey, Richard. On gross margin by category, can you give a little color, two are up, two are down? I know mix might be some of the explanations, say hardlines up because maybe majors and TVs down, but a little more color on that. Are there clear areas where you're making some price investments in that grouping of four?
Clearly, fresh foods is the one I've talked about in the past.
Yeah.
While fresh food margins year-over-year in the quarter were down, frankly, they were down, I think, less in Q4, it was a bigger down year-over-year. There are a lot of moving parts, of course, but when I go to the budget meeting each month and hear the merchants talk, certainly fresh foods is an important part. As we go into the seasonal period of September through December, you're trying to do some hot prices on exciting non-food items as well, bigger ticket items. TV, in my view, has a little more to do with SG&A. When you sell a few less $1,000 price point items, that probably impacts your SG&A little bit, but I don't even know how much it moves the needle given it helps, but it's one of many things. We keep doing what we're doing.
I don't think there are any big surprises to us in these numbers. If anything, one of the things I mentioned last quarter when I pointed out fresh foods were I think 80 or so basis points lower year-over-year, and it's quite a bit less than that delta in the first quarter. Part of that was we've maintained some key prices on some very high volume key items like the rotisserie chickens. As some of the underlying costs come down a little from their peak, that helps margin a little bit. I think it's more we haven't changed what we do necessarily to try to reduce that delta or improve a positive delta. It's just where it's came out. We're ever diligent in being competitive out there.
Do you think longer term, over a 5 to 10-year time horizon, that as Kirkland penetration goes up, do you think that gives you much room to get sharper on branded pricing? Or not really, that's an independent decision?
I think, honestly, there's 100 different independent decisions, and that's part of it. Certainly, when we expand Kirkland Signature, it does a lot of things. In many cases, as you suggested, we can get a little bit more margin and provide even greater value to our member. As important in some cases, it drives a lower price on the branded item as the branded item loses market share to the private label, and which again, serves us and our member well. On an overall basis, probably increasing penetration of KS helps you. I think increasing penetration of our total sales in locations that don't have a direct warehouse club competitor helps you a little bit in some of these other countries.
As you can see from our segment analysis, certainly it would imply that in Canada, which again, has been a very strong economy and good growth for us locally as well, not having a direct warehouse club probably works on a little higher margin. Not a lot. We don't take great advantage of that.
In terms of expansion, I know every country will have different levels of capacity people wise, when you aggregate it, as you do 30 this year, maybe a couple more next year, is there a level where you simply for people reasons, cannot go beyond that without fearing your execution might slip?
For us, long term is two or three years sometimes. I think five years ago when we were averaging something in the low 20s, our goal was to see can we get it up to 30. We feel pretty comfortable, as I've indicated in the last few calls, that both this year and over the next three or four years, some number in the low to mid-30s we feel pretty good about. Hopefully starting at 30 and ending at 35 in a few years. Beyond that, one would think that we could expand that a little bit if the opportunities still present themselves out there. I don't think that'll be a people issue. Some of it has been particularly, we've done, as you know, a lot of ramp-up in several countries.
We've gone from whatever, eight to 18 or nine to 18 units in Japan in the last couple of years. We're going to go from three to seven or eight in Australia this year. We're adding as fast as we can. It's harder to do in Taiwan and Korea, getting sites, we've got the pipeline full, hopefully we'll get a little more there. That strains you a little bit because you don't want to move some of those people. If anything, we've devoted more people to those areas, I don't think that's a constraint. If we did 25 a year, four or five years ago, we're doing 30-ish plus a year now, five years from now, certainly something north of that, assuming the opportunities out there present themselves, is certainly a likelihood.
Your next question comes from the line of Paul Trussell from Deutsche Bank.
Hey, good morning, Richard. If we strip out the impact of gas, could you just speak more to operating margin performance this quarter in the various segments between U.S. versus Canada and international?
I think the detail will be in the queue. I don't think there's any big trend changes from most recent year-end quarters. In terms of operating profitability as a percent of sales, Canada is stronger than the U.S. It has had a great economy. It's been a great business for us. It has no direct warehouse club operator. Its healthcare costs on average are a little lower. All those things work in our favor. The other column, it generally is more profitable, again, we're opening a lot of new units, so we're cannibalizing. Going into Spain, we'll certainly have not only a little extra pre-opening, but once we get open, half a million or a million a month just in Central over there with one partial unit for a few months.
I think those things tend to make that column a little harder to understand other than generally speaking, many of those countries in that other column tend to be a higher pre-tax percent of sales than the U.S.
Thank you. That's helpful. Just moving to the U.S., could you just give us an update on the top-line trends that you're seeing in California?
No big differences. The big differences in California were way back when the economy first got hit. Not only California, but Arizona, Las Vegas, and Florida tend to, if I recall correctly, those are the ones that were hit hardest. I think California overall is probably a shade lower than the rest of the U.S., but the rest of the U.S. includes Midwest, Texas, where we're opening new units, and we've been pretty successful in seeing a little more robust top-line sales growth.
Got it. Just my last question, can you just remind us and give us on expense side, how should we think about some of these investments that you're making and the impact over the next few quarters? Thanks.
Well, the one that I pointed out for now the last probably five fiscal quarters, all of the quarters last year and plus this first quarter, is IT modernization. We have finally had the courage, I think, a few years ago to recognizing that we had great homegrown systems that were kept together and allowed us to do what we want to do, but as we're becoming more global and bigger and getting to a platform and a whole IT infrastructure that'll serve us as we go from hopefully $100 billion to $200 billion in the next many years. That's several hundreds of millions of dollars over three or four years. We're halfway into it, maybe a little under halfway into it.
Again, my guess is I'll be talking to you about a few basis points each quarter, year-over-year, and incrementally probably into 2015 before it starts flattening out and coming down. Not only is a lot of that expenditure necessary, there's dividends that we believe that will come from it, too. In a way, one of the first modernizations things we did, even before we called it modernization, was re-platforming .com a year and a half ago. Again, we had a website that the search engines couldn't even crawl on it, to give you a simple example. We see the potential there. Still small, relative small business to our company, but a very profitable business. We think there's a lot of opportunities as we re-platform and rewrite the membership system, the basic buying systems, the depot systems, but it's necessary as well.
Beyond that, it doesn't seem like healthcare costs are going to change dramatically in the U.S., as a higher percentage of our total company is from overseas, outside of the U.S. For the most part, every other country that we operate in, the healthcare-related costs are lower as a percent of sales. I might be wrong on one country, but for the most part, that's correct. Those are the kinds of things that, again, there's probably a few structural things that as non-U.S. sales become a higher percentage of the total company, whether it's a lack of direct warehouse competition in many of these countries, whether it's lower healthcare costs as a percent of sales, in some cases, a little higher membership fee percentages as a percent of sales.
Maybe in some cases, occupancy as a percent of sales is a little higher, but more than offset by the other things I mentioned. Generally speaking, I think that will tend to help us a little bit, and I've tried to point that out as we go along here.
Your next question comes from the line of Meredith Adler from Barclays.
Hi. Thanks very much. I'd like to start, as you're talking about international, and you are going to be opening a couple of clubs in Spain, could you talk a little bit about what your strategy is about Europe? Is there a reason for Spain and not for France or Italy? Just wondering how you think about that.
We've talked about Spain and France, with Spain coming first, and France hopefully the following year. We have a few people on the ground in France, or less than a few, but we're working towards that. When we looked at where are we going to go before we decided on those two, there's various different parts of the world. We felt that we've had a place of operation in the U.K. for many years under a little different format, in terms of how we market to our Gold Star members in the U.K. We always looked at Western Europe as a good opportunity for us. Frankly, the economies over there, we feel have allowed us the opportunity to get in and to be welcome. We provide good, high-paying jobs.
We're great competitors and frankly, we see the economy a little better than some of the numbers you just read about unemployment. We think that it was, A, an opportunity for us to get in when historically it was a little harder. We'll see where we go from there. To start with, it'll be Spain first, France second, and then we'll let you know when we know.
Okay. Is it fair to say that you are looking at places where people are looking for those unique values? Germany, where the economy's been stronger, would be somebody that would come lower on the list of priorities?
We do better in stronger economies, frankly. I think each country has its own set of challenges compared to the United States. Again, I'm not prepared to talk a lot about some of those other countries at this point since we're focused right now on really ramping up the existing countries we're in, the newer countries like Asia and Australia, as well as what we're doing here in these new two countries over in Europe.
Okay, great. I have a question about e-commerce. First, I was just wondering, I'm sure you do talk to your members. What kind of feedback do you get from them about how much they want e-commerce to be sort of part of what they get from Costco? Is it discussions with them that has a big influence on what you actually sell online, or are you trying to test new things or sort of branch out in any way through e-commerce?
Well, we take member comments all the time, both online and in warehouse. Look, e-commerce is certainly an important component of what's out there and what's growing. We recognize we're a retail competitor. It's part of the landscape. We're very much a brick and mortar. 97% plus of our business is in store, not online. What we have done is, we've looked at it as not trying to offer a million different items to our members. Arguably, we don't offer a million different items to them in store. We offer less than 4,000. We view it as an extension of that in some categories as well as some overlap. We've been successful in bigger ticket items or hard to handle items like furniture and televisions. I think the example I mentioned earlier about apparel.
We tried some apparel items several years ago in online and it underwhelmed us and our members. We're trying some different things now, and it seems to be working. Again, e-commerce is a small percent and a given department like that is a small percent. We are getting some traction. Look, we want our members to buy everything at Costco, whether it's in store or online, and we'll keep trying some new things.
Great. That's very helpful. Thank you.
Your next question comes from the line of Michael Montani from ISI Group.
Hey, Richard. Good morning. I wanted to ask about inflation. It looks like maybe with gasoline in total, it could have been slightly down for this quarter. Is that right? What are your buyers seeing out there six, nine months out?
Well, currently, again, we had, I think, a very small LIFO charge. Given the volatility in gas, it was deflationary, although I don't think we took any of that in the first quarter. We tend to wait into the year. That's what we've done over the past many years. Probably including gas, yes, it was slightly deflationary, but not reflected in our small LIFO charge. In terms of outlook, the only thing that I can recall from the budget meetings, again, has to do with some fresh food items or commodities. Three months ago, the outlook was three to six months hence, so that would be now to three months. Generally speaking, I think that's still the case, with the exception of some produce items, which are more a function of what's going on with weather in different places.
I know there's been shortages in, I think, berries and each of these items are big volumes for us, and that drives the price of these up, so the availability of these things up. Overall, I haven't heard about a lot from the general non-food areas, anything big. Just scrolling down the 30 biggest inflationary items, many of them, there's a few on the beef side. There's several produce, like strawberries is up 25-plus%. Blueberries up more than that on a cost basis. I look on the deflationary side, you have the usual suspects of electronics and gas, of course, as I mentioned earlier. A few other items that generally are some commodity items that peaked a year ago and have come down some. Again, no big inflation worries at this time.
Got it. Just a quick follow-up on Kirkland's. Can you just remind us where the penetration is today, and is it still kind of 50, 75, 50-type penetration increases that you're seeing?
It's in the 23-plus range. My guess it's half a %. Part of that is as we roll out gas in Canada and as gas. Aside from gas deflation right now, gas overall is. As gas for the company has gone from 9 to 10 to 11 to 12%, everything else, KS is increasing relative to that other 87 or 8%.
Got it. Just an e-commerce question, actually, that has somewhat of two parts, if you bear with me. The first part is, can you just talk about some of the efforts that you have to sort of integrate your work online with the in-store experience and how there's interplay there? The second one is, the AP to inventory ratio this quarter, obviously came down a little bit. When we look at one of your larger competitors in Amazon, it's north of 200. I'm just wondering if there's opportunity for initiatives there to really increase that and if we'll hear about you guys cohabitating, so to speak, on warehouses with some vendors or anything like that.
First of all, as it relates to Amazon's enviable 200 basis point, I think a lot of that, as I understand it, for every dollar of reported sales, they've got close to $0.50 of other throughput, which is not a sale. It doesn't report on their GAAP income statement because they're handling merchandise for others where they charge service fees for doing that. In many instances, when that merchandise is sold, it's sold through Amazon. Amazon gets the money and doesn't pay those third-party sellers, if you will, until after. My understanding is, and I could be wrong, a big chunk of it is that. I would assume as they handle more inventory that are their sales, that will pressure that number a little bit, by no means, that's a very enviable number to have.
In our case, on the one hand, we've always kind of looked as, how can we get to 100%? Can we get no cash required for our inventories? It's going to fluctuate. This one downturn here has more to do with Thanksgiving than anything. That one week, burning a couple extra days of sales or incremental equivalent of a day plus of sales. We get that back in order pretty quickly. I think that as we're ramping up expansion, that will tend to reduce the number a little bit. We've always been in the high 80s to very low 100s, depending on which fiscal quarter and timing it is, and I don't see a lot of change there. Ultimately, if we can turn our inventory faster, it's going to help that. Gas has helped it in a perverse way.
I mean, when we turn our gas many times a week, forget about many times a year. We've got a lot of payables there relative to inventory. I think that it's going to fluctuate a little bit. The only thing I wanted to point out in this quarter was Thanksgiving had more to do with the reduction there. I think our inventory turns, our goal is to continue to turn it faster. E-commerce turns it faster for sure for us, but it's 2.5% of our business.
Your next question comes from the line of Matt Fassler from Goldman Sachs.
Thanks a lot. Good morning. This is Stephen Tanal on for Matt Fassler. We were hoping you could comment on the buyback. Specifically, did you guys do any this quarter? If so, how many shares did you repurchase?
We did not do any this quarter. Stay tuned.
Okay. Just a clarifying item on the stock expense. I guess you mentioned that some of the increase year-over-year was related to sort of more people basically with more tenure. Is that a trend that continues here going forward? Would you expect additional pressure on that line because of it?
That'll continue to have some pressure, recognizing every time a given person hits 25, 30 or I think very few examples of 35, that's going to hit it, although that reduces that amount because it's the same charge over five years, it just comes sooner. It'll be bumpy sometimes. When I looked at the four quarters of this coming fiscal year, the big hit is in Q1. It dips a little bit in Q2. It dips back up in Q3 and dips a lot in Q4 relative to the increase we saw in Q1. Some of that has to do with the timing of acceleration. In addition, we've always put, again, a lot of compensation focus in most of those people's cases or in many of the managers and above, if you will, over half of annual compensation relates to stock and hopefully stock price performance.
We've tended to try to keep the number of grants each year to a given person at a given responsibility level the same. This is the first time in many years that we've reduced it, recognizing the stock has been very strong, not only this year, but the last several years. Now, again, by reducing the grant by an average of around 15% per recipient, and it ranged from zero for lower grants to 20% for our CEO and Chairman and Board. That will continue to impact us for a few years here. I think this was a little bit more of an anomaly this quarter. It'll be an anomaly in the third quarter, and sometimes it'll be a little less. Overall, I think it'll be a slight increase to SG&A in each of the next couple of years.
One thing that will reduce it, if the stock next October is at a price lower than $117 or $18. We hope that goes the other way, and it's a little higher expense, so we'll see.
Sure. Thanks a lot.
Your next question comes from the line of Jason DeRise from UBS.
It's Jason DeRise here. I always get a lot of questions about why you do so well internationally. I was wondering if we can get some color on a few specific markets.
That'd be great.
particularly in Canada and Mexico. I guess I'm talking about just top-line success and if you can comment at all about how you're doing with members there.
Yeah, well, internationally, for the most part, Canada, first of all, has had a great local economy. It didn't get hit with the financial crisis that we in the U.S. did. Some of its economy is natural resource-based, which has been on a boom for the last couple of years.
There's more competition in Canada, too, and when I look at some of your competitors there, it doesn't sound so rosy.
Well, but there's-
Got to be something else.
In our view, there's no direct competition. There's no other warehouse club operator. Mind you, our warehouse club business is roughly an 11% gross margin. Other forms of big box discount ranges anywhere from the very high teens to, in the case of home improvement, to the low to mid-30s. Call it the high teens to the low 20s for general merchandise, big box discount. Supermarkets, of course, are in the mid-20s and up. At 10 or 11, that's a pretty compelling value proposition when you don't have another warehouse club operator. I think that helps us a little bit. We don't take a lot of advantage of that. We have a little extra margins. In some countries, while our labor costs in every country, we view our hourly labor rates, wage rates are at a significant premium to comparable big box hourly retail.
They frankly are lower in terms of dollars in some countries. Sometimes lower, the top-line purchasing power is not as low. That helps your percentages there. In some countries like Asia, we have a lot more members per warehouse when we start up. We have a little higher percentage of membership fees as a percent of sales. Again, on a macro basis, the one thing internationally in some of these countries that stands out a little higher might be occupancy, but we own 80% of our units. You don't see that in SG&A, frankly, a lot. You see a little more depreciation perhaps, but you don't see rent charges.
Right.
All those things have tended to help. By and large, in my view, the big factor is going to be no direct warehouse competitor.
Okay. In Mexico, I guess that's one that's every monthly sales call, it's been called out as one of the strengths, and we haven't seen that many openings from you. You do have a direct competitor there. Maybe talk about what's working in Mexico.
Well, it's working very well for us. We have, I think, 33 or 34 units. Sam's has over 100. They have been much more aggressive over the years. We know sales-wise that our units, like the U.S., do more volume per warehouse. Until July of 2012, we owned 50% of a venture and operated it with a very good partner, Comercial Mexicana, down there. They had some financial issues, for, I think, five years leading up to July 2012, over five years, we opened a total of two units down there. We have ramped up our activities and efforts down there. We opened, I think, one this year, but we've got plans for more. You'll see that come up a little bit. Again, we're not going to go crazy. We're not going to go from 30 to 40 in a year.
You'll see that 0.4 number, if you will, two units over five years, increase quite a bit and continue in that direction.
Just one more question about some of the new markets. As you thought about Australia and I guess now Spain, do you think it's more like the Canadian market where if you keep your margin structure in terms of your markups the same as the U.S. or any other market you compete in, that you think you just come in at a wider gap and that's why you picked it, those markets as the next of the evolution? Or is there something else about where you can source product that you're bringing back to the U.S.? I guess there's some.
Yeah, well.
Less known synergy about shipping to Asia crates of American product and bringing product back that you're selling in the U.S.
Yeah, I like to think that we're that smart sometimes. I think when we look at all countries around the world, where we're going to go, Australia, we viewed, much like we did Alaska and Hawaii 25 years ago, where the margins and the markups in those two states were dramatically different than The mainland here. Australia also is a very high price structure. As I understand, two retail competitors have upwards of two-thirds of the market share over there. We came in with our margins, which were even more dramatic over there. We also look at it as, what is the potential?
Part of our due diligence, if you will, in addition to looking at various metrics like population and small business and average household income, is really shopping the towns and going over and visiting these places, feet on the ground, all the way from our chairman and CEO to key merchants and operators and see how vibrant the retail business and how competitive it is. We think that as we've gone into these countries, clearly, we are the extreme value proposition in terms of markup. Again, when we look at Spain, we think the economy is a little better than some of the numbers would portray in terms of unemployment. We're there for the long term also, and the economy should get better over time.
It's less to do about what products come from there. I mean, part of our success as an example in Asia and these other countries is bringing not only Kirkland Signature items, but in some cases, U.S.-sourced goods that aren't there. We all think of ourselves sometimes as liking things like Italian leather and cashmere from Europe, and guess what? Some of these other countries like big American stuff at great value and prices. That's helped us as well.
Your next question comes from the line of Chuck Cerankosky from Northcoast Research.
Good morning, Richard. I'd like to focus on the second quarter to date and how has the sales cadence been trending by week, and how do you feel about the mix thus far as the second quarter's progressed towards Christmas?
Well, of course, we don't provide any guidance. Nice try. The only thing we did say, certainly for everybody, not just us in the U.S., the switch of Thanksgiving a week later certainly impacted November reported sales and the November-ish month of our first quarter. The fact that there's, I think, five less days between Thanksgiving and Christmas, less selling days, that's certainly going to be an impact for everybody out there, but we plan for it.
All right. Thank you.
Your next question comes from the line of Scott Mushkin from Wolfe Research.
Hey, good morning, Richard. This is actually Mike Otway in for Scott. Thanks for taking the questions. Just following up on Chuck's question and kind of getting your take on the sales climate. Aside from the one last week that you talked about, a number of companies have seen their sales slow post Labor Day, and you guys have been somewhat immune to this slowdown, although that did change a little in November. Was that due in part to the one last week, as you just mentioned, or is there anything else going on that you could comment on?
There's not a whole lot we see. I mean, not really. We commented on slower TV sales. It was very strong a year ago. I think there's a little less promotion out there. Yeah, there's not a whole lot beyond that.
Okay.
Our frequency continues to be strong.
Okay, great. Then, just following up on that, it sounded like last quarter, if my memory serves correctly, that you'd be willing to keep some margin if input prices fell more quickly as you maintain your competitive pricing in areas such as food. Has anything changed in the competitive landscape over the last couple of months, or what you see over the next few months that could mitigate your ability to capture some of that margin if it's available?
Well, first of all, separate sales and margin. We don't really see a whole lot of change in the landscape other than a few retailers opened earlier into Thanksgiving this year. No, we don't really see a whole lot out there different.
Okay.
There's certainly more promotional stuff that we all read about each day that some of the power retailers are doing and non-food merchants.
That's helpful. Thanks for taking the questions.
Your next question comes from the line of Charles Grom from Sterne Agee.
Good morning. This is actually Renato Basanta on the line for Chuck. How are you guys?
Good.
Just a quick follow-up on an earlier question. You guys mentioned no buybacks in the quarter and haven't had any since 1Q13, it looks like. Can you just maybe talk a little bit about the strategy to return cash to shareholders with regards to the various vehicles that are available to you, whether it be another special dividend or increasing the ongoing dividend or starting to buy back more shares aggressively going forward?
Well, I mean, again, it's more art form than science here. Historically, I mean, we still view our outlook and our opportunities going forward positively. First and foremost is to ramp up expansion, which we have done, although we're generating more cash than that. We have historically, for now eight or nine years, raised our dividend every spring, I believe. We, of course, did a big special cash dividend, a little over $3 billion last December. In terms of stock buy, I think you'll see all of the above. We haven't looked beyond where we are now. We're not sitting around looking at special dividends as an example. I'm sure next spring, the board will consider what they want to do with the regular dividend.
Again, I don't want to be coy, we'll continue to look at stock buybacks and let you know next quarter what we did or didn't do. We viewed all those vehicles as logical vehicles for us going forward.
Okay. Fair enough. Just wondering if you could perhaps provide some perspective on the U.S. consumer right now. The general retail environment seems to be more promotional this holiday season, while your approach has always kind of been more in terms of offering everyday value. I'm just wondering what you're seeing out of the consumer in terms of his or her appetite for even more competitive pricing. Do you think the generally more promotional environment is affecting your business at all materially?
We do not think it's affecting us materially. I mean, the fact is, when there's a lot of promotions, they work. If some traditional merchants are backed up in inventory, they're going to be very much more promotional. I think as evidenced by our frequency, we still have them coming in, and we have them coming in surprisingly, it continues to increase each year-over-year. That being said, if they stopped at one of these promotions first, that's one less thing they may buy at Costco. We feel very good about our merchandising and our own merchandise marketing activities as it relates to the MVM, some hot buys. We think that we've got a lot of good things going on.
Again, in talking to the senior merchants, we feel quite good about coming out of the season with nothing unusual in terms of markdowns and having clean inventory. I think that's, in my view, good evidence that we're not seeing a big impact out there.
Okay, just one more, if I may. Can you provide an update and maybe some flavor on the progress of some of your newer merchandising initiatives, whether it be in organics or the upscaling of fresh foods and cosmetics or improved assortments in apparel? Any color there would be appreciated. Thanks.
I think you mentioned two or three of the ones that would be at the top of the list. Certainly, we've talked about apparel now for a year and a half, having still double-digit increases year-over-year, two years out. Part of that is our own commitment to expanded apparel. Part of that is some brands. Part of that is the Kirkland Signature. We've got a great Italian wool men's pant that's $49, but actually $39 right now. We've gone from 100,000 to a million pair in the last few years. We're maxing that out better. Cosmetics, we've got a couple of units in the L.A. market where we're testing some expanded cosmetics. We still would like to get more brands to sell us, we're pretty scrappy. We're getting a few things in ourselves, it's still a small business for us.
The ticket programs, whether it's for movies or ski vacations or local restaurants, those continue to grow. Again, I think where we have been, probably one good thing over the last year or so is some of these non-food categories, like from apparel to domestics to housewares. Those have had some good legs for us.
Your next question comes from the line of Michael Exstein from Credit Suisse.
Thank you so much. Thank you for the update on e-commerce. Could we sort of shift another part of e-commerce? Amazon announced today that they're going to start home delivery of grocery in the Bay Area. Where are you in sort of thinking about what you do with the grocery business as new threats come into it, and how do you look at that new form of competition? Thanks.
Well, look, we'll keep looking at it. We have no plans currently to deliver to homes anything other than through e-commerce, which tend to be non-food items and a very limited food selection, certainly not fresh foods. We enjoy watching the landscape as others are getting into those types of businesses, some of the supermarket chains, Walmart. Google is doing something in the Bay Area as a test with a number of brick-and-mortar retailers, including us, where they'll deliver through the Google Shopping. They come in and buy it. We do some help in store at just a couple of locations as a test, but it's small, and it's a test. I think there's going to be a lot of changes over time. Getting overnight delivery or same-day delivery is great, but ultimately, you got to pay for it. We'll see.
I think there's probably a market for it, but we'll see how big of that market is. We keep doing what we're doing in terms of value. If things change dramatically out there, we'll figure it out, but there's a long way to go there first.
Has your business in grocery in Seattle, where Amazon has been most established, been any different overall than elsewhere in the country?
No.
Thanks.
Your next question comes from the line of Peter Benedict from Robert Baird.
Hey, good morning, Richard. It's actually Justin Kleber for Pete. Just want to follow up on Michael's question there on the online business. Clearly, you guys have a lot of good momentum here. In terms of just fulfillment as it relates to online orders, it sounds like you guys aren't interested in delivering to homes, but just curious where you stand in terms of developing capabilities such as buy online, pick up in stores. Is that something we should expect within the next few years? Are these types of flexible fulfillment capabilities just not really important to your core customer?
first of all, a lot of what online is delivering to home, it's delivering televisions and swing sets and furniture and some apparel. Again, a very limited amount of shelf stable, if you will, food items. Then we also do office products and things online to small business. Look, 97.5% of our business is in store. It's continued to grow nicely. People actually do like to go out and shop. I think that probably, when I've been asked the question before, even on Amazon Fresh up here in Seattle or some other type of fresh delivery in other parts of the country, in New York and what have you, my sense is probably that's taking some market share more from what are the other daily or every other day alternatives.
It's when you're stopping at the supermarket two and a half, three times a week. Again, on an incremental basis, is there something that you're going to get that way that you didn't get at Costco? If we can keep you coming in, you're still getting a lot of key bulk items at our place on the fresh food side as well. We know our members, our most loyal members, are still getting some of those things at supermarkets, at other forms of convenience. Amazon will be just one of those, or other forms of overnight or other delivery. It's different value. Again, we recognize convenience is a value. I think both Amazon and some of these others out there, the quality tends to be good. The availability sometimes is good or not.
You're paying for that convenience, there's a lot of things that people are still going to buy at our place. If we can keep you coming in, we'll get our share of that.
Okay, that makes sense. Just a question on traffic. I think you said up 4.5% in the quarter, been pretty consistently healthy. Is there any material difference you guys are seeing between just U.S. frequency versus the trends internationally? Thanks.
It's pretty much the same. It's a little higher in newer markets. If you ask me what's most surprising, that the U.S. is pretty darn close to the rest of the world. Canada is a little higher than that. Again, as evidenced by a local currency comp in the high singles, mid to high singles. By the way, some of the frequency numbers change, like as we cannibalize, as we go from, in two years, from roughly nine to 18 units in Japan and add two or three more units into Tokyo, that's going to cannibalize and reduce the frequency of that existing unit.
Your next question comes from the line of Sandra Barker from Montag & Caldwell. Actually, my question's already been answered. Thank you. Your final question comes from the line of Budd Bugatch from Raymond James & Associates.
Hi, Richard. This is Justin on for Budd today. My questions kind of go back to international, and I'm curious if you could shed some light on what other countries similar to Spain exhibit attractive characteristics that you may look to get into in the near future.
It'll be a while, but if I do, I wouldn't tell you.
Okay, fair enough. Moving on to my follow-up, where do you see the international business going as a % of total sales eventually and that exposure to the currency fluctuations as a result?
Well, look, it's going to continue to increase. Five years ago, 80% of our units openings were in the U.S., or 75%. This year, it'll be 50%, 55% will be U.S. Over the next three or four years, probably a shade under 50, maybe a 40 to 45 perhaps. I think over time, it'll continue to increase. I think the U.S. will still be above 50. It's now around 70, low 70s. That'll change over time. Again, the relative profitability of these other countries tend to be a little higher than the U.S., so the profitability penetration will probably get there a little earlier. In terms of currencies, arguably, we tend to have a currency in the U.S. that, on average, tends to be stronger over long periods of time than others. That'll impact us, but we'll let you know what that impact is.
That'll be part of our makeup.
Okay, thanks for the questions.
Okay. Well, thank you.
There are no further audio questions.
Thank you, everyone. Have a good day.
Thank you. This concludes today's conference call. You may now disconnect.