Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for joining DocuSign's fourth quarter and fiscal 2020 earnings conference call. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded and will be available for replay from the investor relations section of the website following the call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A question- and- answer session will follow the formal presentation. If anyone should require operator assistance during the conference, please press star zero on your telephone keypad. I will now like to turn the call over to Annie Leschin, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
Thank you, operator. Good afternoon, everyone. Welcome to DocuSign's fourth quarter fiscal 2020 earnings conference call. On the call today, we have DocuSign CEO, Dan Springer, and CFO, Mike Sheridan. The press release announcing our fourth quarter results was issued earlier today and is hosted on our investor relations website. Let me remind everyone that some of our statements on today's call are forward-looking. We believe our assumptions and expectations related to these forward-looking statements are reasonable, but they are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results or performance to be materially different. Please read and consider the risk factors in our filings with the SEC with the content of this call. Any forward-looking statements are based on our assumptions and expectations to- date.
Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these statements in light of future events or new information. During this call, we will present GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures. Non-GAAP financial measures exclude stock-based compensation expenses, amortization of acquired intangible assets, amortization of debt discount and issuance costs from our notes, and as applicable, other special items. In addition, we provide non-GAAP weighted average share count and information regarding free cash flows and billing. These non-GAAP measures are not intended to be considered in isolation from, a substitute for, or superior to our GAAP results. We encourage you to consider all measures when analyzing our performance. For information regarding our non-GAAP financial information, the most directly comparable GAAP measures, and a quantitative reconciliation of those figures, please refer to today's press release, which can be found on our website at investor.docusign.com.
I'd now like to turn the call over to Dan. Dan?
Thanks, Annie. Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome to our fourth quarter and fiscal 2020 earnings call. We have a lot to share with you today. We'll cover our performance for the quarter as well as the entire fiscal year, we'll talk in more detail about our recently announced intention to acquire Seal Software, and we'll look ahead to our focus areas for fiscal 2021. Before we get to that, I wanted to take a moment and acknowledge the evolving situation with COVID-19, the disease caused by the coronavirus. Over the past few weeks, our team has been meeting daily to monitor the ongoing developments. We've taken several steps to ensure the safety and wellbeing of our employees and their families, as well as our customers and partners.
Actions we've taken include transforming our annual North America customer conference, Momentum, into a virtual live-streamed event held last week, and our decision to move our global workforce to an entirely remote environment as of the end of this week. We will continue to monitor the situation, as we learn more, we'll update our plans accordingly. With that said, let's move on to our business performance over our second year as a public company. It was just 12 months ago that we introduced the DocuSign Agreement Cloud, our suite of applications and integrations that help organizations automate the entire agreement process. That is preparing, signing, acting on, and managing those agreements. We see agreements increasingly integrated with the cloud software suites like sales, service, marketing, HR, and finance.
Our belief is that organizations will need a DocuSign Agreement Cloud to act as a platform of record for agreements and agreement processes, which will be connected to the other clouds. For example, integrating with the HR system for offer letters or the CRM system for sales contracts. As we have said, we believe this represents the next big cloud opportunity. Over the past fiscal year, we have broadened our product and service offerings to cover every stage of the agreement process. Of the five new products that we shipped in fiscal 2020, I'd especially like to call out DocuSign CLM. Launched in November last year, this builds on our acquisition of SpringCM, and was just named by Gartner as leader in the 2020 Magic Quadrant for Contract Life Cycle Management. We are very proud of this recognition.
The positive impact of all this work can be seen in our financial results, a few of which I want to share with you now. For Q4, DocuSign's revenue grew 38% year-over-year to $275 million, and billings grew by 40% year-over-year to $367 million. We were again profitable on a non-GAAP basis, and we continued to generate positive cash flow. Our total customer count climbed to approximately 589,000 worldwide, and our dollar net retention rate came in at 117%. For the full fiscal year, our revenue grew 39% to $974 million, and our billings grew 38% to $1.1 billion. I am incredibly proud of the entire DocuSign team for this collective effort. Of course, we're not going to stop there. As we continue to define and grow the Agreement Cloud category, we know that contract analytics and artificial intelligence will play an increasingly important role.
This technology can rapidly search large collections of agreements by legal concept rather than just by keywords. It can automatically extract, analyze, and compare contract terms, and it can even identify areas of risk and business opportunity for our customers. We couldn't be more excited to be acquiring the pioneer in this space, Seal Software. As many of you know, we formed a partnership with Seal about two years ago, where we began reselling its flagship offering as DocuSign Intelligent Insights. We also made a strategic $15 million investment in the company in March of last year. Having seen Seal's technology and people at work with our customers, as well as in the broader marketplace, we wanted to bring them fully aboard into DocuSign. To give you a little more color, let me share a few customer examples.
One large international information services company reduced the time they spent on legal reviews by 75%. A global financial services company automated the analysis of more than 2.5 million contractual data points across its supplier agreements. An aviation company was able to review more than 25,000 agreements in just a few business days, something that could have taken months if done in the traditional manual fashion. Once this acquisition closes, we will continue selling Seal's flagship contract analytics product. We'll also be able to integrate Seal's technology across the entire Agreement Cloud. We'll start with CLM, given the immediate market opportunity for AI to enhance workflows there. Over time, we expect to apply Seal's AI technology across a broad range of our existing and new products.
Now, these developments will complement and extend our other work in AI, some of which we showed at our Momentum Conference last week. For example, we demoed Auto-Tagging. It's a new feature in eSignature. It uses AI to automatically place the tags for signatures, dates, and other fields. Normally, this is something that needs to be done manually when preparing a document for signature. With Auto-Tagging, it can happen automatically and immediately, and it is a huge wow factor for our users. We also demoed a product under development called DocuSign Analyzer. It uses Seal's AI to analyze inbound agreements, identifying areas of risk and triggering actions based on the content of its various clauses. We believe this whole area of AI meets agreements is incredibly exciting. While nascent today, it represents a key greenfield opportunity for the future, as well as a deepening of our competitive moat.
We will keep you updated once the Seal acquisition closes in our second quarter. For the last part of my comments today, I want to look to the future and how we are thinking about scaling our business. Based on our fiscal 2020 results, we are on the cusp of joining an elite group of SaaS companies that have crossed the $1 billion revenue threshold. This is a major milestone, but it's also just a stepping stone to the exciting future that lies ahead. Our first $1 billion was built largely on our leadership in eSignature. The next $1 billion will continue the eSignature expansion, but also be boosted by substantially broader opportunities for the rest of the Agreement Cloud. To make that happen and to ensure we operate at the intersection of the world's business and agreement processes, we'll focus on three key strategic priorities.
One, continue executing on our Agreement Cloud vision and strategy, which fiscal 2020 customer demand has shown is working well. Two, live and breathe customer success around the world in everything that we do. As part of that, we'll also continue to leverage our amazing partner network, both our 350 ISV partners and our growing SI partners that are building Agreement Cloud practices to drive our joint customer success. Three, we're going to ensure DocuSign remains a top place to work so we can attract and retain the talent that can drive our scale to the next level. To that point, I wanted to share that we recently appointed Rob Giglio as our new Chief Marketing Officer and Eric Darwin as our Head of Corporate Development. Both will be reporting to our COO, Scott Olrich.
Rob comes to us from Adobe, where he helped to architect the growth strategy for the company's self-service cloud business and oversaw significant international expansion. Eric joins us from LinkedIn, where he led the corporate development team there. You may recall that we named Emily Heath as our Chief Trust and Security Officer in October of last year. Emily was formerly the CISO at United Airlines. We are already benefiting from her considerable experience. That's it for my section of today's call. I'm incredibly proud of the progress we made as a company in fiscal 2020. I'm excited about the Agreement Cloud's prospects to transform agreements and agreement processes around the world in fiscal 2021 and beyond. With that, I'd like to hand it over to Mike for a deeper look at our Q4 and our fiscal year financials. Mike?
Thanks, Dan, and good afternoon, everyone. As Dan mentioned, DocuSign had a very successful fiscal 2020, in which we saw continued strong growth in our core eSignature offerings and increasing interest in upsells among our customers for our broader Agreement Cloud suite. For the fourth quarter, total revenue reached $275 million, subscription revenue reached $258 million, both representing a 38% increase year-over-year. For the full year, total revenue increased 39% to $974 million, subscription revenue increased 38% to $918 million. International revenue continued to grow over 40% year-over-year to $49 million in the quarter and $171 million for the year. Fourth quarter billings rose 40% year-over-year to $367 million, billings for the full year increased 38% to $1.1 billion. We added almost 27,000 new customers in the quarter, including nearly 6,000 direct customers.
This represents a 33% year-over-year increase in our commercial and enterprise installed base and brings our fiscal 2020 total customers to approximately 589,000, of which about 75,000 are direct customers. We had another strong quarter of upsells into our installed base, led by our North American business. This quarter, our dollar net retention was 117%. Customers with ACVs greater than $300,000 grew 41% year-over-year to a total of 437 customers. non-GAAP gross margin for the fourth quarter was 79%, compared with 78% a year ago. For the full year, gross margin was also 79%, compared with 80% in fiscal 2019. Fourth quarter subscription gross margin was 84%, compared with 85% a year ago. For the full year, subscription gross margin was also 84%, compared with 86% in fiscal 2019.
Non-GAAP operating expenses for the quarter totaled $196 million, or 71% of total revenue, compared with $149 million, or 75% of total revenue, for the fourth quarter of last year. For the full year, operating expenses were $720 million, or 74% of revenue, compared with $544 million, or 78% of revenue, in fiscal 2019. Non-GAAP operating profit for Q4 was $21 million, or an 8% operating margin, compared with $7 million, or a 4% operating margin last year. For the full year, operating margin was 5%, up from 2% in fiscal 2019, as we continue to make progress on improving our operating leverage. Non-GAAP net income for Q4 was $22 million, compared with $10 million last year. For the full year, net income was $59 million, up from $18 million in fiscal 2019. We ended the year with 3,909 employees, a year-over-year increase of 29%.
Operating cash flow increased 33% year-over-year to $46 million in the fourth quarter, compared to $34 million in the same quarter a year ago. Free cash flow was $16 million in the quarter, compared to $23 million in the prior year. This decrease relates to our capital investments to complete the build-out of our Dublin office in Q4 and continued work on our dedicated federal data center, which we expect to complete in the first half of fiscal 2021. For the full year, operating cash flow increased 52% year-over-year to $116 million, compared to $76 million a year ago, while free cash flow was $44 million, compared to $46 million in fiscal 2019. Turning to our guidance, as you know, we recently announced our intent to acquire Seal Software. We expect this acquisition to close in fiscal Q2.
The guidance ranges I'm about to discuss do not include contributions from Seal, other than top-line contributions we expect to generate from our existing partnership with Seal. We will update our guidance to include contributions from Seal after the acquisition closes. Seal is significantly smaller than DocuSign, so the impact of including Seal will not be significant to our top or bottom line. In terms of top-line guidance, we expect subscription revenue of $266 million-$270 million in Q1, and $1.21 billion-$1.214 billion for fiscal 2021. We expect total revenue of $280 million-$284 million in Q1, and $1.272 billion-$1.276 billion for fiscal 2021. I have separately guided subscription and total revenues because we anticipate different growth rates in these components of revenue.
Specifically, we believe that we will be successful in engaging system integrators to take on more of our professional services engagements in fiscal 2021, as we have more projects that involve multiple products from our DocuSign Agreement Cloud. This positive development will reduce the year-over-year growth rate in our professional service and other revenue. For the remainder of our guidance, we anticipate billings of $279 million-$289 million in Q1, and $1.43 billion-$1.45 billion for fiscal 2021. We expect non-GAAP gross margin to be 78%-80% for both Q1 and fiscal 2021. For operating expenses, we expect sales and marketing in the range of 47%-49% of revenues in Q1 and fiscal 2021. R&D, in the range of 13%-15% of revenue for Q1 and fiscal 2021. Finally, G&A in the range of 9%-11% of revenue for Q1 and fiscal 2021.
For the first quarter, we expect $2 million-$3 million of non-GAAP interest and other non-operating income. For fiscal 2021, we expect non-GAAP interest and non-operating income of $8 million-$12 million. We expect a tax provision of approximately $1.5 million-$2.5 million for Q1, and $6 million-$10 million for fiscal 2021. Finally, we expect fully diluted weighted average shares outstanding of 195 million-200 million shares for Q1 and fiscal 2021. Overall, fiscal 2020 was another outstanding year for DocuSign. As we continue to broaden our Agreement Cloud, we are excited at the interest we are seeing from our customers and partners as we begin fiscal 2021. Thanks for joining us today, now we will open up the call for Q&A.
Thank you. We will now be conducting a question- and- answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you would like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. Our first question comes from Sterling Auty with JP Morgan. Please go ahead.
Yeah, thanks. Hi, guys. I wonder if maybe you can give us a little color as to what industries maybe you're seeing increased strength as we're seeing a lot more remote working, remote sales engagements, maybe some areas that maybe you're seeing some weakness, and especially what's happening in the real estate market, given what we're seeing with refinance volumes?
I think the answer in our strength is a lot in our traditional places. Financial services, in particular, has continued to be strong for us. We see telecom with good strength as well. From your real estate question, we haven't seen anything different. I know lower interest rates might start to change activity there, but at this point in time, we haven't seen anything. Keep in mind, when we talk about real estate, it's often much more focused, our volume, on the transactions of buying and selling homes versus refinancing. I wouldn't think a dramatically different interest rate environment from refinancing would change it. I suppose it could spur additional new purchases and sales, and that would have some lift. In general, we haven't seen any noticeable change at this point.
All right, great. One follow-up on the acquisition of Seal. What portion of your existing installed base would you think are just the natural targets for upsell the solution that perhaps have not already adopted?
Well, I think you have to look at two pieces. You have to look at what we've been doing with DocuSign Analyzer, think about some of the traditional Seal Software pieces. That's going to have a heavier focus towards our enterprise and our larger commercial customers. As I mentioned on the call, we really think there's an opportunity to take the AI technology here and spread that across our entire offering. We would be really excited to make that available to more and more smaller customers as well. Particularly this idea of taking the product that was codenamed Seal Software, which allows people to analyze incoming agreements that I referred to. That I think is going to be an opportunity that would be used for small businesses all the way up to enterprises.
We think it's going to be broadly based, but different aspects of it are going to be appropriate for different customer segments.
Thanks, guys.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Kirk Materne with Evercore. Please go ahead.
Yes, thanks very much. Congrats on a really nice end of the year. Just two quick ones. Mike, sorry if I missed this in your prepared commentary. When you thought about the guide for billings in 1Q, did you take anything into consideration around COVID, just in terms of deal slippage? I know this is really fluid. I think we're all digesting this in real time. I was just curious if you thought about sort of pipeline coverage a little bit differently, anything like that. Dan I know you had to do Momentum virtually this year, but I was also just curious, sort of with your conversations maybe around it with the GSIs and how that's going and maybe if that could be a new sort of opportunity for you this year. Thanks.
Starting with guide for Q1 and really for the fiscal year, all of our guidance has been developed in the same methodologies that we've used in the past. Of course, we're watching very closely any developments with COVID. We do look at our pipeline. We do look at our ability to generate opportunities. We look at our close rates. We look at all of that information. To date, we have not yet seen any material changes in our trends. Of course, we have more visibility in the near term than we have as the year unfolds, and I think we're all going to be learning that together. We're comfortable that with all the information that we've had, we've incorporated it into the guidance that I just summarized.
Yeah. To your question around GSIs, I'd sort of point to three things. The first one is, if you think about the guidance that Mike gave, he referred to the fact that we believe there's so much demand coming from the systems integrators to do these projects with us that we've actually changed our expectation on the amount of professional services growth we would have. Two, you did mention Momentum, and while we did make it a virtual event, I'll point out that we still had some of our most important customers and partners participate in it, including Accenture, who came and presented in our virtual cast. Three, the last point, I'd just take you back to what we said from the beginning.
As the Agreement Cloud builds out with more components, it just becomes a richer and richer opportunity for the systems integrators to build an Agreement Cloud practice. We see all three of those things contribute to some really exciting opportunity with the GSI.
Thank you very much.
Our next question comes from Walter Pritchard with Citi. Please go ahead.
Hi, this is actually Matt Wells on for Walter here. Dan, I was just curious if you could rank order the drivers of growth in fiscal 2021 and maybe just between expansion and then customer growth and net add, and on top of that, just your expectations for growth international versus domestic.
I think we think of this as pretty broad-based, but if I thought about your question around the first piece was the separation from the base to net new. From a revenue standpoint, as you know, because it's a SaaS model, in any given period, dramatically more of the revenue's going to come from the base because we have the installed base phenomenon that Mike's walked you all through in the past. From a standpoint of the strength there, if you take a look at dollar net retention rate, we're pleased to see a couple of quarters in a row of that up at the higher end of our range at 117%. We continue to see a lot of strength with our expansion motion.
At the same time, we did mention that we started putting more focus in splitting out groups that were focused on land versus expand or hunter versus farmer. We're quite pleased with the success we're seeing on the dedicated hunter part of that model. I would say if I had to put one, just because of the volume, I of course would put it to the base, and the growth of the base. The last thing I'd just add to that is, because we are now starting to really produce more Agreement Cloud products on top of our incredible leadership position in eSignature, I think that gives us even more sort of gas in the tank to grow with our existing base customers.
Good, thanks. That was helpful. I just had one. Oh, go ahead.
No, I was just saying, and I think we see strength across the board geographically. We've mentioned in the past that North America, because it's the driver of our business because it's the lion's share, we continue to see great strength there on top of the opportunities we see in international markets.
That's helpful. I have a question related to COVID. You noted that most of your workforce is entirely remote. I'm just curious, when implementing DocuSign software in a customer, how much of that work can be done remote or over the web versus actually them having to go on-site?
Yeah. The vast majority of our implementations are done remote. Of course, if you think about the perfect example of that, it's our web and mobile customers where they never actually have to speak. Not only do they not have to have us in person, they don't need to speak to us to onboard. We do find with some of our larger enterprise customers, that they get more value when some of the installation is done on their premises. We have not had the opportunity in the past to consider doing that completely remotely, and it may be in the new way of business over the next X period of time here that we'll do more of it.
I can tell you this, as we've moved now to the model of having all of our employees remote, I've been so pleased how all of our business continuity programs have worked, and we have not missed a beat in terms of maintaining the productivity of our team. I'm hopeful we'll be able to have that same positive impact as we work with our customers if we need to do those installation projects remotely as well.
That's really helpful color. That's it from me. Thanks.
Next question comes from Alex Zukin with RBC. Please go ahead.
Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my question. I guess, maybe one, Dan, for you. With respect to Momentum, how much of a pipeline-generating or closing event is that for you? Just, I guess anecdotally, what kind of a delay do you expect to pipeline generation or close sale closing, just given the event went virtual? Just a quick follow-up, Mike, you mentioned no change to the guidance methodology, but I guess, given the current events, what gives you the confidence to not change the guidance methodology at the current point?
Okay. I'll go first. Momentum's a super important event for us, but it's a totality of our marketing efforts. It's a very small piece. One of the things that's interesting about the event and moving to virtual, we were thrilled with the results. I'll just give you a couple high-level metrics to give you a perspective on it. Normally, we'd expect for the San Francisco event, maybe 1,000, 2,000 people would be here, and it would be great. When we moved to virtual, we basically had five times that number of people participate. We had a big increase. We also saw that there was a higher absolute number of leads generated than last year's in-person event. Now, there is a mix difference because we had some more small businesses. I can't say, all opportunities are of equal size.
We found that this is a fantastic way for us to reach our customers. As we start thinking about our plans for next year, we're actually rethinking how we're going to do our mix of in-person versus virtual events. There's nothing that came out of Momentum this year for me thinking that was going to be a slowing or an elongation of our business.
In terms of the guidance, I think our basic philosophy remains the same, which is we're going to guide what we know. Clearly, the more current the information, the better fidelity we will have, for example, around Q1. As I mentioned before, we have done a lot of work looking at our pricing trends. We've done a lot of work looking at our demand gen trends, our close rates, tracking trends. We have all of that information to inform us on the closer periods, and right now we're roughly halfway through Q1. That's useful information. As you look out into future quarters, I think, again, we're in the same position as everybody else. I don't have information to second-guess the plan that we've put together to execute against, and we're putting all of our resources against that execution.
As Dan said, operationally, we have not really missed a beat to date in terms of our ability to execute and be productive. If something develops that gives us more clarity about something different than that in future quarters, we of course will update it. To do so now with the information available to us, we felt would be premature and frankly would be more like guesswork than guidance.
Understood. Maybe just as a quick follow-up on hiring, what are you seeing right now with respect to your hiring trends as you move more remote in that department? Is there any, kind of, I would say risk around just the volume of reps you need to hire, engineers you need to hire, as it moves fully remote?
Yeah. We have not made any changes in our expectations or plans for hiring. I can tell you, earlier this week, we had one day where we onboarded 31 new DocuSigners remotely. We have actually figured out, our team has just done a fantastic job, and I really appreciate you bringing it up, in building these capabilities into virtual approaches. The best example that I probably should have mentioned up front was what we did when we moved our Momentum conference from what was going to be a multi-day event into a couple-hour stream, followed up by a lot of online classes. Our team has just mobilized. Team DocuSign has said, "We are going to make these things work in a virtual environment." I'm confident we're going to be able to continue to do that going forward and scale the business this year with our hiring.
Perfect. Thank you, guys.
Next question comes from Karl Keirstead with Deutsche Bank. Please go ahead.
Thank you. Mike, a question on margins. I think everybody on the call can agree that DocuSign should have pretty good operating leverage over time. Evidently, that's really not going to kick in in fiscal 2021, given your guidance for 6% operating margin. I had three questions on this, short ones. First of all, what are the investment priorities for DocuSign in fiscal 2021 that might be weighing a little bit on those operating margins? Secondly, is there any change to the path to get to 20%+ operating margins that you talked about at the time of the IPO? Third, when you do close Seal, is there a prospect that we get a bit of a down leg in that 6% guide? Thank you.
Yeah. Thanks, Karl. A couple things. One, my guidance is a range where I didn't actually guide a percentage for operating margin, and I think within that range, depending upon the investment profile that we choose for growth during the fiscal year, we could be at the higher, mid, or lower end of that. I wouldn't want to call out a single percentage. I don't think that the guidance ranges would support that. At the highest level, what I would tell you is that, if you look at our performance, we continue to see ourselves as being in a high-growth period of time, and we're going to continue to invest in that. We have been demonstrating, including in fiscal 2020, continued progress in leverage, and I expect to continue that in fiscal 2021. The key is, what is the balance that we want to adopt?
Could we grow that bottom line faster? We could. It would probably suboptimize some of the investments that we could make to continue to drive growth. What are those investments? I would call out Seal as one of them. When we do roll Seal into our numbers, I don't think, as I had mentioned, it's going to have a dramatic impact on our top or our bottom line. It's a smaller business that is investing a lot in R&D, and so it'll have some impact on that. The exchange of some bottom-line dilution for the opportunity of growth that that provides to us long term. In terms of the long-term operating model of a 20%-25% leverage, I think that we continue to track towards that.
I think fiscal 2020, both in terms of the growth in our cash flow and our bottom line, is good evidence that we are tracking towards that, and we're going to continue to endeavor to find that right balance. I think we're pretty much on target with it. That everybody is clear, we do continue to believe right now the right priority for us is to continue to drive growth with responsible leverage.
Got it. Then maybe, Mike, as a follow-up on operating cash flow, I don't think your stock's really getting valued, at least near term on cash flow, but it's still important to model correctly. If operating margins will be up modestly, given the investment priorities you mentioned, 100 basis points or so, and in fiscal 2020, you did operating cash flow margins of 12%, is it a reasonable starting point to model fiscal 2021 operating cash flow margins up a similar 100 basis points to 13-ish%? Is that a decent starting point?
Well, we don't guide the cash flow, Karl, specifically, but I do think that if you look at the historical relationship of our P&L margins with our operating cash flow, I think that's the best proxy to use as you build your model.
Got it. Okay. That's very helpful and congrats on the terrific billings guidance.
Thanks.
My mic won't open. Next question comes from Rishi with D.A. Davidson. Please go ahead.
Hi, guys. This is actually Hannah Rudoff on for Rishi today. Thank you for taking my question. I know you said you haven't seen material changes in trends so far from COVID, but could you talk about the impact to the business and to adoption you expect to see from COVID-related travel bans? I'm thinking if no one is traveling to close deals, it may get more businesses on to DocuSign to negotiate deals and sign them. Any color you could provide on that would be great.
Yeah, I think from a standpoint of visibility to that, I don't think there's anything we've seen that would be a change. As Mike said, when you look at the guidance that we provided, we took all the latest information we could have and brought that to bear. To the second part of your question around how we think about the longer-term impact, look, we think that there's a digital transformation phenomenon that's going to occur. Whether episodes like this tragedy around coronavirus make some companies mildly accelerate that, I suppose, is possible. We think it's the long-term trend that's important, and companies are realizing there's a better way to do business, getting rid of the paper-based processes, which are hard on themselves, hard on their customers, and hard on the environment.
We don't think that trend is going to be dramatically moved one way or another by this pandemic. It's not leading us to, at this point, change our perspective on the timing.
I would add to your specific question around travel, I think one thing to remember about our go-to-market structure, we have everything from e-commerce through large enterprise, and in between is commercial, and our commercial motion is largely inside sales. We do have travel that's in the enterprise side of things. Many of our customers there are working with us because they're going through the same thing of figuring out how to work together through Zoom and other techniques like that. Do remember that a lot of our go-to-market is through inside sales or e-commerce as well.
Okay, great. That's super helpful. Then can you talk about how we should be thinking about subscription gross margins across the course of the year?
Yeah. I think I put a guidance of total gross margins, and I think that the subscription trend should be similar to what we've seen in prior years and most recently, fiscal 2020.
Okay, thank you.
Next question comes from Pat Walravens with JMP Securities. Please go ahead.
Oh, great. Thank you. First of all, let me say I applaud your guys' actions in terms of making the conference virtual and having everyone work from home and keep everyone safe. I know you made that decision early when it was harder to make than it is now. I guess, Dan, my first question is, and we kind of hit this a little bit, would you expect the usage of DocuSign to start going up basically this week as everyone's starting to work remotely?
We don't expect to have any dramatic change in the usage. We think the use cases that people have will be dramatically unchanged. We think they'll be pleased that they have DocuSign as that option.
Yeah.
At this point, we're not expecting any dramatic change in usage. The only thing I would mention is, remember that from a financial standpoint, a short-term change in usage probably wouldn't also have a dramatic impact because we don't really have an overage model. People buy capacity, as Mike has walked through everyone in the past. If there were some fluctuations, we probably wouldn't see that have a big impact on our short-term financials anyway.
Okay. If people use more than the capacity they licensed, what happens next?
When they get to their next cycle, I mean, if it's dramatic, then we might have a chat with them about it.
Yeah
do they have the appropriate level? Usually, we just wait, and when they got to their renewal cycle, we would say, "Looks like your business needs have grown. That's fantastic." We consider it great because the high ROI-
Okay
They usually consider it great too. Then we increase, with an upsell motion, their capacity going forward.
Okay, great. Mike, maybe this is for you, but so the federal data center is going to be finished, I guess, in the next three months or so. Why is that important?
I think, first off, I'd want to make sure that everybody knows that we are in production today. We have work to do to complete it, but it's actually in production with active customers today. It's important for the long term, I think, to build out that vertical. Pat, our approach to it has been, starting a couple of years ago, getting the right certifications in place to qualify us to sell to the most number of federal agencies through our FedRAMP efforts. A percentage of those agencies require the private data center, not all of them, but a percentage of them. When I was talking before about investing in growth, the investments that we're making today aren't necessarily targeted at just a fiscal 2021 increase in our growth.
It's a longer-term view of positioning ourselves as the strongest provider, such that as that market does gain more traction, we're not encountering unnecessary slowdowns in our sales process. Both of those efforts have been designed to really make Fed an important vertical for us over time. Yeah, it's good to be coming close to the completion of the data centers. It's also good to have them in production at this stage.
Right. Last one, and this is hard, I know, but all this digital transformation spending has been in a really strong economic environment. Do you think the level of urgency around digital transformation diminishes in a recession?
I don't, because I think for most of our customers, at least half of the focus is around efficiency, people see the incredibly high ROI. I can't speak for all digital transformation programs, of course, but as I think about the ones that are DocuSign-centric, people are laser-focused on the ROI they get from getting rid of those manual processes, the wasted labor, getting rid of things like the transportation costs of shipping, et cetera. That's a big focus. I don't think in a recession, you would see people pull back on that. I would say that any time, if you had a significant recession, you expect people to kind of shoot first, ask questions later, and that could lead to some delays. In general, we think the business case just gets stronger when people need to find those efficiencies.
Okay, great. Thank you very much.
Next question is from Stan Zlotsky with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.
Perfect. Thank you so much, guys, and congratulations on a very strong quarter. Very quick questions from my end. The CLM product certainly feels like you're getting a significantly more consistent performance from your sales teams around CLM. Would it be correct to characterize CLM as one of the bigger drivers of upsell that you're seeing benefit your net revenue retention rate in North America?
Let me answer that in two pieces. The first piece is to your question, yes. I mentioned our super big excitement around the Gartner classification. Mike had mentioned last period that we were exceeding our expectations in CLM in terms of our internal goals. I think those are both strong endorsements of your question. When you ask the question specifically to our overall economics, I would just remind you that Signature is still significantly the largest contributor to our business. If you thought about our overall upsell to our business, CLM would not actually be as big as the opportunity from Signature. It's not because CLM is not amazing and we're not killing it out there. This is just a law of large numbers issue. Again, that would be my only modifier. Conceptually, I think we're with you 100% on everything else.
Just don't lose the sight of the scale of that eSignature business.
Right. That makes sense. Maybe just piggybacking on an earlier question around federal, how are you guys thinking about the federal opportunity into fiscal 2021? Should we be thinking that that's more of a fiscal 2022 type of opportunity from a revenue perspective and billings, obviously? Thank you.
I think we continue to see the strength. We had some big wins in 2020. I think our aspiration is we're going to have more big wins in 2021. I know we've tried to be tempered in saying you have to understand in working with the federal government as a customer, while they can be a great customer, the pace sometimes is not what we would see in some of our other verticals. We're eyes wide open to that. I think we look at this year as going to be another strong year for us. As Mike said, one of our big enthusiasms around completing the federal data center, the IL4, internally call it, is to unlock even more opportunity with both use cases and agencies that will see that DocuSign is very federal-friendly as a supplier.
Perfect. Thank you.
Next question comes from Bhavan Suri with William Blair. Please go ahead.
Hi, this is Kamil Mielczarek on for Bhavan Suri. Congratulations on the solid results. You've estimated in the past your systems of agreement TAM is around $50 billion, with eSignature at $25 billion. Can you provide some details on your product roadmap? As you look out over the long term, what is the timeline to expand into all four phases into preparing, signing, acting, and managing? What milestone should we be looking for?
Let me give you a couple of thoughts on that. First off, when we talk about our TAM, we did sort of really thoughtful analysis at the time of our IPO, which we have continued to update around the eSignature TAM. We feel very solid about that as about a $25 billion opportunity. When we talk about the rest of the Agreement Cloud, we've talked about a rough doubling of that, but I just want to make sure you understand the level of analysis on that core business. We're the clear leader, and we have so much history, it's very, very strong. For the rest of the Agreement Cloud, it's less precise of an estimate, and that's why we tend to use the term of an approximate doubling.
Within the categories of the Agreement Cloud, to Stan's question a minute ago, CLM, which is heavily in the manage phase, is an area that we're probably most excited about. We have good progress already, but we just see tremendous growth opportunity. In the prepare phase, which has a component that can relate to CLM, but also has like our Gen and Negotiate products, we're off to a great start in those products which we launched at Dreamforce last year. I would tell you, I think the dollar opportunity there is smaller because it is going to be a business that's focused on our smaller SMBs and smaller commercial customers. It may not have that same proportion of the TAM there.
We've always talked about the act phase and how important and integrated that is with things like APIs, but it's been a part of our business for years, albeit smaller, and we see that continuing to grow and increasingly becoming a bigger piece of the overall DocuSign Agreement Cloud. Just in closing, I'd say we're in all of the spaces today. Sign and Manage are the ones that we've said we think have the biggest growth opportunities as a share of that going forward.
That's great, color. Thank you. Just a quick follow-up. When you first acquired SpringCM, it initially extended your sales cycle slightly, which drove some temporary deceleration in the business. How much risk is there that you would see a similar impact from Seal Software? How will your sales go-to-market process change once Seal Software is closed? Thank you.
I think it's very little and very little. There's a big difference. When we bought SpringCM, we didn't have an existing commercial relationship in place where we were selling their products. We've been selling Seal for over a year and a half, and I think that motion is now very well understood by our field force, so I don't expect that to be very different once we close the deal and integrate them. Obviously, in the period between now and close, we have to operate the businesses independently. Once we do close, as Mike said, we're targeting that in our second quarter, I believe it will be a relatively seamless integration from that standpoint because of our experience in already selling their products.
That's helpful. Thanks again.
Once again, if you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. Our next question comes from Dan Ives with Wedbush Securities. Please go ahead.
Yeah, thanks. Yeah, great quarter, obviously, in a volatile environment. Just, can you maybe just from a high level, talk, if you compare a year ago, six months ago, just how things are changing in terms of your conversations with customers, in terms of being more strategic? Obviously, deals are getting larger. Maybe you can just give some examples of that, of just strategically how the view of DocuSign within companies is changing at least from your perspective.
Yeah. I think in the six-month timeframe, I'd say I don't think there's been dramatic change. I do think there's this recent announcement, we see a lot of very positive responses that we've gotten from customers. I was actually just in Europe a couple of weeks ago. Somewhat ironically, just before we announced the deal, I had two large customers say, "We just love what you guys are doing jointly with Seal. You guys should really buy them." Obviously, I was excited that we could make that happen shortly upon my return. I think the macro change that's different is just that. People are saying, "We used to think of you as a fantastic provider," as an eSignature process, which was a fantastic driver of success in their business.
Now they're looking at us and saying the Agreement Cloud is something bigger and broader, and we can, in fact, be a more strategic partner to companies. That's why we really believe this is the next big cloud opportunity. I think that's what the change has been. I think it's been fairly consistent as we've added the additional functionality and brought that vision to the market. I'm excited about that momentum, and I expect it to continue going forward as we execute against bringing the additional product functionality to our customers.
Got it. Just given the environment, especially maybe on strategic M&A on some small private companies, and obviously a lot of customers are going to drive potential acquisitions for you, right? In terms of just different areas of the product suite. Do you expect to be more aggressive on just what I would view as more tuck-in M&A, especially as you use this opportunity to just further build out the suite?
There's a couple things that I think give us the potential to do that. We're still gonna try to make the right one-off each individual business decision. We brought in Eric Darwin, as I mentioned, who used to lead the LinkedIn corporate development team. We obviously wouldn't have brought in such a senior leader if we didn't think there was a broad opportunity for us over time in M&A. We didn't do that until after we had the successful execution of the SpringCM deal because we wanted to make sure that we were moving at a cautious phase as we started building out this capability within DocuSign. Mike and I have been very clear that we're not gonna acquire for the sake of acquiring. We're only gonna acquire when we see great deals that also drive our very clear strategy for the DocuSign Agreement Cloud.
Obviously, we wouldn't have made the pull with Eric if we didn't see that. Second thing is we really feel we were successful in the integration of SpringCM and having that now done and under our belt, I think that gives us more confidence that we can do more deals. Seal, obviously, was the next one. I would stop short of saying I think we're going to become some sort of an acquisition machine. I think we're a company that wants to do really thoughtful deals that are going to have meaningful impact for our customers in building out their Agreement Cloud solution. I wouldn't expect, at this point, a dramatic increase in velocity. At your specific tuck-in point, there's multiple pieces behind that. It's what's happening in the macro environment.
I think some of the noise we've been hearing around the VC community not continuing to support tech companies, I think that's dramatically exaggerated. We don't think there's going to be some sort of shopping spree kind of phenomenon for us or for other companies coming forward. I think the VC community is going to continue to do a good job of supporting the companies they've invested in. They've raised a lot of money, have a lot of dry powder to do that. I would think you should expect more of the same for us, with maybe some slight acceleration as we continue to build our confidence that we can do these fantastic deals, bring tremendous companies into DocuSign, and as I said, really provide more and more value for our customers in their Agreement Cloud solution.
Yeah. Thanks again for all the insight and transparency in a tough time for investors. Appreciate it.
There are no further questions, so I'd like to turn the floor over to management for closing comments.
Yeah. Well, thank you all for joining us. Particularly in the light of the macro environment, we hope you all stay healthy and safe, and we look forward to seeing you when we can next be out to see you all. Thank you so much.
This concludes today's conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time, and thank you for your participation.