Good morning. Welcome to Driven Brands First Quarter 2022 earnings conference call. My name is Chris, and I'll be your conference operator today. As a reminder, this call is being recorded. Joining the call this morning are Jonathan Fitzpatrick, President and Chief Executive Officer, Tiffany Mason, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, and Rachel Webb, Vice President of Investor Relations. During today's call, management will refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures. You can find the reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures on the company's investor relations website and in its filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Please be advised that during the course of this call, management may also make forward-looking statements that reflect expectations for the future.
These statements are based on current information, and actual results may differ materially from these expectations. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from expectations are detailed in the company's SEC filings, including the Form 8-K filed today containing the company's earnings release. Information about any non-GAAP financial measures referenced, including a reconciliation of those measures to GAAP measures, can also be found in the company's SEC filings and the earnings release available on the Investor Relations website. Today's prepared remarks will be followed by Q&A session. We ask that you limit yourself to one question and one follow-up. Please press star one to be placed in the queue. I'll now turn the call over to Jonathan. Please go ahead, sir.
Thank you and good morning. We had another great quarter across the board, our fifth as a public company, and are excited to share the results over the course of today's call. Driven is the largest automotive services company in North America. Our diversified portfolio of needs-based services provides many levers to grow revenue and profit through same-store sales, new units, and M&A.
Our total addressable market is massive, over $300 billion and growing, and yet we have less than 5% share in this highly fragmented industry. We will continue to grow and generate cash because of our core competitive advantages. Our multiple levers to open new units. We can franchise, build, or buy. Our supply chain capabilities that keep us in stock and allow us to take share and price when others cannot.
Our scale, which is growing, is a sustainable and increasingly significant competitive advantage in our highly fragmented industry. Over the long term, Driven has and will consistently deliver organic double-digit revenue growth and double-digit adjusted EBITDA growth. That together with our asset-light business model means we generate a ton of cash. Our needs-based services and franchise business model help insulate our profit from the impacts of inflation. We then invest that cash to further accelerate our growth by building new units and layering on acquisitions, which as we have proven, adds massive incremental upside to our model. Our Dream Big Plan of at least $850 million of adjusted EBITDA by 2026 is on track. Exceeding that plan is now our primary focus, and we were making great strides already. Driven is growth and cash.
I want to take a moment to highlight our Q1 results, and all credit goes to our team, our amazing franchisees, and our loyal and long-term customers. Compared to Q1 of 2021, consolidated same-store sales were positive 16%. Revenue increased 42% to $468 million. Adjusted EBITDA increased 52% to $119 million, and adjusted EPS increased 47% to $0.28. Another top to bottom beat and our 5th in a row as a public company. The world has changed since our last earnings call on February 16.
I'll take a few minutes to address how these factors have had limited impact on Driven, how Driven continued to grow in Q1, and the confidence we have in the balance of 2022. Inflationary pressures have accelerated recently with the war in Ukraine, higher gas prices, rising interest rates, and of course, the ongoing labor and supply chain challenges. Let me explain how these macro conditions impact Driven in terms of consumer demand, labor, supply chain, and pricing. We have not experienced any material impact to consumer demand in the first quarter, and we do not expect any material impact to demand as we look at the balance of 2022. A few reasons for this. Most importantly, Driven provides needs-based services. Our businesses perform well because of the non-discretionary aspect of maintaining an automobile. Our core customer has been driving and will continue to drive even with elevated gas prices.
Our core customers are also benefiting from higher wages, and recent surveys indicate that customers are adjusting to the rise in core living expenses such as gas and groceries. This mirrors what we have seen from history, Q1 of 2020 and 2007 and 2008, that Driven performs well even in the most difficult economic conditions. Next, labor. We continue to deliver share gains across every segment. One of the contributing factors is our own and our franchisees ability to staff locations and the quality of our people. As I have mentioned before, we and our franchisees are not immune to the labor challenges, but we have several competitive and structural advantages relative to our competition. Variable compensation is a core tenet for Driven and our franchisees, and most employees have variable comp as part of their total comp.
Our franchisees are extremely resourceful owner-operators and know how to recruit and retain employees for their businesses. We operate better hours of operation compared to other retailers. Most employees have nights, and in many cases, Sundays off. Many of our positions don't require skilled labor, and many of our employees like cars and the opportunity to work within automotive, which means it is more than just a job. Finally, we are growing, and that means we have significant advancement opportunities. As an example, more than 70% of our above-shop leaders in the Take 5 Quick Lube business were internally promoted from our shops as we've expanded. This availability of a career path, not just a job, has a meaningful impact on our ability to recruit and retain.
Next, let's talk about supply chain. Scale continues to provide Driven a competitive advantage, particularly when you consider 80% of our competition is small chains and independent operators. This scale allows us to get preferred access to product at the best possible terms. We have multiple strategic supplier relationships in our key businesses. We have dedicated resources whose sole focus is to ensure that we have product in our stores. Our ability to leverage data analytics to order in advance, leverage our scale, our balance sheet, strategic supplier partnerships, and preferred vendor status means that we are taking share when others don't have product.
The last element of the inflation equation is retail pricing. We offer non-discretionary needs-based services. This means even as prices rise, consumers continue to get their vehicles repaired, maintained, washed, and their oil changed, and it will be very low on the list of services that are downsized when spending is squeezed. We continually evaluate our prices at our company stores to both protect our margins while still providing value to our customers. We have done this strategically over the past 18 months in our company Take 5 locations, and we have not seen any material negative impact to traffic or customer satisfaction. We will continue to manage price prudently to protect margins and ensure customers continue visiting our locations. Our franchisees who manage their own pricing are extremely adept at understanding how, when, and where to take price. This is the ownership mentality at work.
Our average check is $842 across the Driven portfolio, as low as $10 for Car Wash and as high as $3,500 for collision. The ability to pass on small percentage increases has been proven for non-discretionary needs-based services. In summary, despite multiple inflationary challenges, which we are not immune to, Driven Brands continues to grow and take share. We remain as confident as ever in our ability to deliver on our short, medium, and long-term goals. This is the power of our growing scale and sophistication in this highly fragmented needs-based industry. It is also important to note that despite these challenges, we have not lost focus on our growth across all our businesses. As a result, growth has continued at Driven.
We continue to franchise, build, and buy new stores, and we have made significant progress across our three primary growth levers. Let me spend some time on the three highest growth priorities at Driven: Quick Lube, Car Wash, and Glass. We are growing all three businesses at the same time. This is the power of the Driven model. Multiple complementary levers to grow company, franchise, and M&A. We have the track record of doing this successfully over time. This is why we are so confident in our 2026 goal of at least $850 million of adjusted EBITDA. These three businesses share several characteristics: simple operating models, highly fragmented competition, significant white space in terms of unit growth, and very strong unit-level economics. These highest growth businesses are supported by the rest of our highly cash generative and asset-light businesses.
This is what makes Driven such a powerful engine, growth and cash. Let's start with Take 5 Quick Lube, the stay in your car 10-minute oil change. Our Take 5 Quick Lube business continues to grow revenue, same-store sales, units, and profits. This is a superior operating model with best-in-class unit-level economics. That is why we have a pipeline of 750 stores which will open over the next three years to four years. Our franchise Quick Lube business is doubling annually, 37 units in Q1 2020, 77 units in Q1 2021, and 159 units in Q1 2022. We expect to add approximately 100 new franchise locations in 2022, and our total franchise pipeline now sits at over 600 locations.
Our franchisees have secured 180 sites, and this gives us great visibility into franchise unit growth for the next three years to four years. Our franchisees in Quick Lube are typically larger and well-capitalized, many with existing multi-unit businesses in other sectors. They are attracted to the Take 5 business because of the superior operating model, unit-level economics, and returns. Today, we have 56 franchisees, and 30% of those franchisees have already signed a second or third development agreement. Approximately half of the stores in our current pipeline will come from existing franchisees. These are franchisees who were so pleased with their initial units that they have come back, sometimes repeatedly, for the rights to open more. We will continue to open significantly more franchise than company units in the future.
Our company stores are generating four-wall EBITDA margins of 40%, and we are on track to open approximately 50 new units in 2022. In summary, the Quick Lube business is performing extremely well on all fronts, and we expect this to continue for many years to come. Take 5 Quick Lube is the blueprint we are applying to our newer growth assets, Car Wash and Glass. I find it helpful to remind folks that we have been in the car wash business for 18 months, and I'm very pleased with our overall progress, both domestically and internationally. Driven Brands has the largest car wash footprint in the world with over 1,000 locations at the end of Q1 2022. Q1 same-store sales of 7% was a solid performance.
We have 725 stores approximately in our International Car Wash division, which operate under the IMO brand, predominantly in the U.K. and Germany. These stores are independently operated, which is similar to a franchise model. I mention our scaled international business because this is a very powerful source of revenue, profits, and best practices for our company-owned business in the United States. Our International Car Wash business is run by Tracy Gehlan, based in the U.K., who has decades of experience running large-scaled multi-unit platforms. Tracy and her team have done a terrific job with that business over the last 18 months. In the U.S., John Teddy and his team continue to make great strides. We continue to strengthen this team with great talent from both the car wash industry and best-in-class retailers.
I'm very pleased with the progress on standardizing operations, merchandising, labor, and margin management. Here are just some of the highlights from our first 18 months in this business. We have added 142 locations in the U.S. That represents more than one a week. We have grown our greenfield pipeline to over 180 locations and expect to open approximately 40-50 greenfield locations in 2022. That is almost one per week, and we are optimistic that we can significantly accelerate that number in 2023 and beyond. We are actively working on a single national branding strategy in the U.S., and we'll share more details on future calls. We have opened our first co-development sites with our Take 5 Quick Lube business. We continue to be acquisitive but disciplined with the multiples we are willing to pay in this extremely frothy market.
We have more than doubled wash club subscribers from 220,000 18 months ago to now over 530,000, and we are leveraging our Driven customer data to drive trial at our U.S. Car Wash locations. We have grown revenue 80% and profits 130% over the last 18 months, and we have achieved all of this in 18 months, not 20 or 30 years. As I have said before, we love the car wash business for its simple operating model, efficient labor model, subscription revenue stream, strong returns on capital, and white space for unit growth. We are still early in our car wash journey and have massive conviction in the future growth and profitability for this business.
Our confidence comes from running the proven playbook we leveraged to grow the Quick Lube business, and it is underpinned by very similar strong unit level economics. Car Wash four-wall EBITDA margins are in the high 30% with cash-on-cash returns of approximately 40%. The future is very promising for our car wash business in terms of same-store sales, units, M&A, and profit growth. Similar growth at Quick Lube took us three years-four years, so our team is getting faster at executing the Driven Brands playbook, and we think we'll have even more rapid progress in our Glass business. Now let's turn to our third growth priority at Driven Glass. A quick refresh on why we are so excited about the opportunity. We completed the acquisition of Auto Glass Now in late December.
AGN is a great starting platform for our entry into the U.S. Glass market because just like our Quick Lube and Car Wash businesses, it has a simple and differentiated operating model, a simple menu, and simple building. This translates into strong unit-level economics, AUVs of $1 million, mid-20% four-wall EBITDA margins, and cash-on-cash returns we are excited about because of the low initial investment. AGN is a business where we can leverage our growth blueprint and significantly accelerate our presence in this segment. Our thesis on the glass opportunity is simple. This is a $5 billion+ growing market in North America. It's highly fragmented like all parts of automotive aftermarket. There are tailwinds with the increasing need for calibration.
Glass repair and replacement is required for all vehicle types. We can leverage our existing same-store sales levers, including our 20+ million unique retail customers, our deep insurance relationships, and our fleet customers to grow this business. We've learned a lot about the glass operating model since we entered the Canadian market in 2019, and Mike Macaluso and his team are unlocking the opportunity we underwrote with this business. I'm very pleased with our progress over the first 90 days. We have integrated the AGN acquisition into the Driven platform. We have the right team in place to run and grow this business. We have made very good progress in terms of new unit pipeline, which is growing weekly. We guided to 35 new locations in 2022, and that is very much on track.
Our M&A pipeline is developing, and we expect 2022 to be robust in terms of bolt-on acquisitions at attractive multiples. We're making good progress with Driven's existing fleet and insurance partners and introducing them to our glass capabilities. We're pleased with the 25%+ margins and customer demand. We're repeating our proven growth playbook and getting better each time we do it. As we generate cash, we continue to reinvest in the business in 2022. Growth capital will be spent on new company units for Quick Lube, Car Wash, and now Glass. We have plenty of available capital and look forward to growing all three businesses at the same time. Remember, we are growing franchise stores as well. Between company and franchise stores, our pipeline currently sits at over 1,200 units. We have also budgeted capital to invest into the existing U.S. Car Wash store base.
We'll be investing in store remodels and upgrades, and we'll continue to invest in having one U.S. brand, Take 5 Car Wash. As always, we will continue to be acquisitive, and you can expect additional growth capital to be deployed into Car Wash and Glass. Now pulling everything together into 2022 guidance and our longer-term outlook. Just as a reminder that as we said on our last call, we will be updating fiscal year 2022 guidance in connection with Q2 earnings. We remain bullish on 2022 and remain confident in the business's performance and our ability to meet or exceed our full year guidance of at least $465 million of adjusted EBITDA. We feel good about the momentum in our business because the team and strategy are in place. It's about execution.
Every segment is performing well, growing, taking share, and generating cash. Our pipeline for unit growth, franchise, company-owned, and M&A is very strong. Our digital and data unlock is underway. Nothing is modeled for 2022, but we expect it will provide upside. Our scale gives us a competitive advantage, which continues to expand and compound. Our Dream Big Plan of at least $850 million of adjusted EBITDA by the end of 2026 is very much on track, and we're confident in our ability to beat it. The addition of the U.S. Glass business adds to our conviction.
We're believers in this long-term plan because we are a compound grower. Our growth is low risk because of our current market share. We generate a lot of cash, which we reinvest back into growth. Scale is driving even bigger competitive advantages. Our business model works well in all economic cycles. Finally, we execute and do what we say we're going to do. You can see this very clearly in our Q1 2022 results and our confidence around 2022. Momentum continues to build. Driven is growth and cash. I'll now turn it over to Tiffany for a deeper dive into the Q1 financials. Tiffany.
Thanks, Jonathan, and good morning, everyone. Our fiscal 2022 is off to a great start. We posted strong first quarter results despite the numerous macroeconomic factors that Jonathan outlined, which impacted the retail industry this quarter. We have positioned ourselves well to continue to post strong results throughout the remainder of 2022. The entire Driven Brands team has worked diligently to ensure that we have the right service offering, inventory, and marketing strategies to capitalize on consumer demand. Vehicle miles traveled are still expected to increase in 2022, and there will continue to be an influx of demand as consumers look to wring extra miles out of their vehicles. Driven Brands provides best-in-class services in an efficient manner, which should allow us to continue to gain market share.
Diving into our first quarter results. System-wide sales were $1.3 billion, from which we generated $468 million of revenue. Adjusted EBITDA was $119 million, and adjusted EPS was $0.28. Another top to bottom beat. System-wide sales growth in the quarter was driven by same-store sales growth, as well as the addition of new stores. We have tremendous white space to continue growing our store count in this $300+ billion, highly fragmented and growing industry. Our franchise, company greenfield, and M&A pipelines are all robust, and we are aggressively growing our footprint.
In the first quarter, we added 114 net new stores, which included 79 AGN sites, creating the platform to expand our Glass business into the U.S. We continued to lean into opportunities in the Quick Lube and Car Wash businesses. Same-store sales growth was 16% for the quarter. We posted double-digit comps each month of the quarter, despite the surge of the Omicron variant in January and rising gas prices in March. We once again outpaced the industry across all business segments. Our same-store sales grew through a combination of car count and average ticket increases. We continued to experience positive car count as a result of our best-in-class marketing and customer experience. Average ticket benefited from pricing actions as a result of inflation, as well as the increase in complexity of vehicles.
Now remember, we are approximately 80% franchised, so not all segments contribute to revenue proportionally. For example, PC&G was over half of system-wide sales this quarter, but only about 17% of revenue because it's effectively all franchised with lower average royalty rates. Maintenance and Car Wash are a mix of franchised and company-operated, contributing approximately 40% and 35% of revenue, respectively. As always, this is provided on our infographic, which is posted on our investor relations website. When you put unit growth and same-store sales growth in the blender and account for our franchise mix, our reported revenue in the quarter was $468 million, an increase of 42% versus the prior year.
From an expense perspective, we continued to carefully manage site-level expenses across the portfolio. In fact, prudent expense management together with the strong sales volumes drove four-wall margins of 39% at company-operated stores. Above shop, SG&A as a percentage of revenue was 21% in the quarter, over 150 basis points of improvement versus last year. This resulted in adjusted EBITDA of $119 million for the quarter, an increase of 52% versus the prior year. Adjusted EBITDA margin was 25%, expanding over 160 basis points year-over-year, a testament to the power of the Driven Brands model.
Depreciation and amortization expense was $33 million. This $9 million increase versus the prior year was primarily attributable to the growth in company-operated stores. Interest expense was $25 million. This $7 million increase versus the prior year was primarily attributable to increased debt levels as we leaned into opportunities across our Quick Lube, Car Wash, and Glass businesses. For the first quarter, we delivered adjusted net income of $48 million and adjusted EPS of $0.28. You can find a reconciliation of adjusted net income, adjusted EPS, and adjusted EBITDA in today's release.
Now, a bit more color on our first quarter results by segment. The Maintenance segment posted positive same-store sales of 19%. Maintenance continues to benefit from more targeted digital marketing, and we have passed along a series of retail price increases while maintaining our premium oil mix, driving an increase in average ticket. In the first quarter, we also had a 30% attachment rate of ancillary products, such as wiper blades, cabin air filters, and coolant exchange, also contributing to a higher average ticket. The Car Wash segment posted positive same-store sales of 7%. The number of wash club members grew by an additional 100,000 in the first quarter, equating to approximately 50% of sales. This is an increase of over 300,000 members since the acquisition in August of 2020. This is a great recurring revenue stream that provides a level of predictability to this business.
Non-wash club revenue per wash continues to increase as well, the result of a simplified menu board and the focus that our teams have placed on improved selling techniques. We are actively testing the rebranding of our car wash locations in Nashville to the trusted Take 5 brand name, which will help determine the go-forward brand strategy and operating playbook for our U.S. Car Wash business. The test kicked off in early April, and we'll provide an update on our next earnings call. To date, between the Nashville test, new company-operated greenfield units, and M&A conversions in other markets, 75 of our U.S. car washes are branded Take 5. The Paint, Collision, and Glass segment posted positive same-store sales of 14%. We added over 200 direct repair programs with insurance carriers in the first quarter. That compares to 650 for the entirety of fiscal 2021.
Our expanding commercial partnerships are a testament to the strength and scale of Driven Brands and the ease of working with one large national provider. The recovery in the collision business continues. In fact, estimate counts for the industry continue to grow, and our shops have consistently outpaced the industry. We're also excited to expand our glass offering into the U.S. with the acquisition of Auto Glass Now. Glass repairs are growing as a percentage of auto repairs, and repair complexity is increasing due to the necessary calibration. This provides yet another exciting avenue for growth, leveraging our proven playbook. Finally, the platform services segment posted positive same-store sales of 31%.
Platform services is the segment most exposed to supply chain pressures. We have leveraged our scale and leadership in the industry to turn this into a strength and differentiator for Driven. We contract with multiple suppliers, while most of our competitors, 80% of the industry that is independent operators, rely on one primary supplier. We leverage the strength of our balance sheet to place orders earlier, and we have the team dedicated to relationship management and ensuring we keep close watch on every step of the supply chain. This has translated into more inventory in stock at 1-800 Radiator than many of our competitors. Customers have been willing to pay a premium, driving continued record sales levels within the quarter. We were pleased with our strong operating performance in the quarter, which resulted in significant cash generation that allowed us to further invest in the business.
That cash generation, together with our revolving credit facilities and access to the debt capital markets, is important for our strategic growth plans. As we've consistently stated, investing in our business and growing our footprint is our number one priority. We ended the first quarter with $271 million in cash and cash equivalents, and we had $397 million of undrawn capacity on our revolving credit facilities, resulting in total liquidity of $668 million. Our net leverage ratio at the end of the first quarter was 4.8x . You can find a reconciliation of our net leverage ratio posted on our investor relations website. We intend to continue using our balance sheet to capitalize on the substantial white space in a 300+ billion-dollar consolidating industry.
Now, looking ahead, we continue to be enthusiastic about the balance of the year. We provided guidance for fiscal 2022 on our fourth quarter earnings call, which in summary included the expectation for revenue of approximately $1.9 billion, adjusted EBITDA of approximately $465 million, and adjusted EPS of approximately $1.04. While we beat our internal expectations by $12 million in the first quarter, as I shared on our last earnings call, we will provide updated guidance in connection with the release of our second quarter results. At that time, we will roll in all M&A activity for the first six months of the year, plus organic performance to date, and we'll share our latest forecast for the second half of the year. Qualitatively, though, let me share a few thoughts.
First, while inflationary pressures have accelerated, we do not expect a material impact on consumer demand for our services. We serve both consumer and professional customers, and our services are diverse and needs-based, largely insulating us from the volatility of any pullback in discretionary spending as consumers navigate the current environment. Second, we don't expect to see a significant impact from gas prices on VMT as road trip interest is still high. In fact, VMT is still expected to increase in 2022. Lastly, so far in the second quarter, we continue to be pleased with our performance. Our business is performing well, and we are enthusiastic about the balance of the year. In closing, we expect the strength of this portfolio to continue to deliver best-in-class results. We are focused on our proven formula with a platform that is scaled and diversified.
Our formula is simple: We add new stores, we grow same-store sales, and we deliver stable margins. This results in significant cash flow generation that we reinvest in the business. We look forward to speaking with you again in late July when we release our second quarter results. Operator, we'd now like to open up the call for questions.
Thank you. As a reminder, if you'd like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. Our first question is from Simeon Gutman with Morgan Stanley. Your line is open.
All right. Hey, guys. This is Michael Kessler on for Simeon. Thank you for taking our questions. First I wanted to ask about the same-store sales in Q1, if there's any more color you guys can provide on the split between car count or traffic versus inflation or price increases, and then you mentioned as well the underlying ticket tailwinds. Looking into the balance of the year, the compares get a little bit tougher, but if we think about the underlying, you know, I guess, comp rate of the business and, like, kinda high teens rate on a three-year basis, any reason to think that shouldn't continue and could even accelerate because, as you guys are saying, inflation is accelerating, but demand seems to be holding in pretty well.
Hey, Michael. Thanks for your question. A couple of thoughts for you, specific first of all to Q1. You know, we saw positive car count, as I said in my scripted remarks, positive car count as well as positive ticket overall for the business. You know, certainly our, just given the current environment, our performance is skewed more towards ticket today than it is to car count, but we are seeing good momentum in both. The positive ticket is driven by two things. It's driven by inflation and our ability to pass along price to the consumer.
I think Jonathan and I both today spoke about the fact that with our higher average ticket and our needs-based services, that affords us the ability to pass along any inflation we're seeing, and we're doing that as we need to manage our costs as well as continue to drive, you know, balancing that to continue to drive traffic. We are also though seeing, you know, the increased complexity of vehicles also to continue to drive ticket up. I gave a statistic in my comments today about 30% attachment rate specifically in our Maintenance business, which is driving ticket as well. All of those factors are driving our performance.
If you just zero in on ticket for a minute, though, I would say it's, you know, if you're thinking about mix versus price, it is in Q1 more driven by price than mix. Relative to the comps across the year, you know, I think I said when we gave guidance last quarter, we expect the first half to be stronger than the second half, just because compares are easier in the first half than the second. That still is true today. You know, I think as you think about the landscape over the course of the year, we, as we've said multiple times today, feel really good about the environment that we're operating in and our ability to navigate any supply chain or inflationary pressures.
Certainly first half stronger than second half, though we don't think that there's dramatic difference across the segments as we move through the year. You know, not a lot of difference versus what we said 90 days ago, though we've had a great Q1 and we are enthusiastic about the balance of the year.
Okay. Great. That's helpful. And maybe a quick follow-up on the Car Wash segment. There was a significant amount of EBITDA margin expansion, more than sort of we were expecting on I would say, you know, a comp that was above our expectations, but not dramatically higher. Anything to call out there? I think it was the highest margin for at least a couple of years, at least since the onset of COVID. I don't know if anything you can speak to what was driving that and the sustainability there. Thank you.
Sure, Michael. Great question. Specifically in the Car Wash segment, the segment-adjusted EBITDA margin that you're seeing, so roughly 35% versus somewhere around 30%, Q1 of last year, really predominantly driven by the International Car Wash business. We saw great volume in the International Car Wash business, predominantly driven by dust storms. You know, that incremental volume that we saw gave us a great opportunity to leverage fixed expenses and really drive fantastic flow through in the International Car Wash business, and that's what's driving that segment performance overall. Great question.
Great. All right. Thanks, guys. Good quarter. Good luck the rest of the year.
Thank you.
The next question is from Christopher Horvers with JP Morgan. Your line is open.
Thanks. Good morning. Can you talk a little bit about, you know, what you're seeing in the converted Take 5 Car Wash brands and the one greenfield location openings in terms of customer behavior, membership ticket, as we think about your opportunity to rebrand the rest of the locations in 2022?
Hey, Chris. Jonathan here. Thanks for the question. Look, I think we mentioned on the call that we'll give a sort of more fulsome update on the rebranding strategy, you know, at the next earnings call. Look, we're really pleased with what we're seeing. We've got about, I think Tiffany mentioned, about 75 stores that are rebranded. You know, that's part of creating sort of the network effect in the markets that we have, so people know, you know, we've got multiple brands, multiple car washes under one brand in a particular trade area. You saw that we're driving membership subscriptions up. We're very pleased with the growth there.
Greenfield stores, we've opened a handful so far in Q1, very early in the ramp of those stores, but we're excited about the quality of the real estate and the early opening trends from those stores. We've also opened a couple of our co-development sites where we've opened a car wash with a quick lube on the same piece of real estate. Pretty excited about the early results from those stores. I think as the year progresses, we'll give more information around the ramp of these stores. I would say that when it comes to the national rebranding strategy, we continue to move forward, which by definition means we're pleased with the progress.
Got it. Following up on earlier question just around the unit count. In the Maintenance segment, seems like an oil change is the most deferrable sort of service, sort of necessary maintenance. Are you seeing that? As a related question, just as a point of reference, does sort of a late spring have any impact on your business? If it does, what divisions would you see that?
Yeah. We're not seeing any demand degradation in our Oil Change business whatsoever, Chris. I think when we look at various studies that have been published by various banks and other sources recently, what we believe is that consumers, when you think about, you know, tightening their spending, may reduce spending on sort of discretionary items far quicker than they will on sort of non-discretionary items like maintaining their automobile. We're not seeing any demand destruction whatsoever in our Quick Lube business. In terms of a later spring, you know, what I promised investors when we first came public is that I wouldn't use weather as a positive or a negative. I won't comment on whether weather is a positive or a negative for our business.
What I will tell you is a later spring means that you have a later sort of pollen season. When you have more pollen on cars, typically people wanna get their car washed a little bit more. I think that's the only sort of point I would give you on late spring trading impact.
I'm definitely in that camp. Thank you very much.
Okay.
The next question is from Peter Benedict with Baird. Your line is open.
Hey guys, good morning. Thanks for taking the question. I guess, first question, just how does the rising interest rate environment impact your view on the appropriate pace and level of M&A and leverage for the business as you think about the next few years? If it doesn't, maybe is there a level at which it maybe does?
Yeah. It's a good question, Peter. When it comes to leverage, Tiffany will talk about that and sort of, you know, what we've said in the past around our sort of 5x debt leverage and sort of the guardrails there. In terms of M&A, the rising interest rate environment does not change our calculus in terms of how we think about M&A, Peter. We ultimately ask ourselves two questions with any transaction that we do. One, can we make the acquired asset better?
And secondly, can that acquired asset make Driven better? And those are the two primary questions we ask ourselves. We have asked ourselves in the past, we'll continue to ask ourselves in the future. Right now, as of, you know, today, the rising impact, rising interest rate has had no impact in terms of our calculus or underwriting thesis when it comes to M&A.
Peter, I think just to tack onto Jonathan's question there, I think a couple things I would share. Number one, I think we've got great liquidity as we sit here today, right? Both in terms of cash on the balance sheet as well as access to our revolving credit facilities. We've talked before about our sale leaseback strategy and the ability to monetize our real estate portfolio. There's still opportunity there should we need it.
Of course, you know, as we think about leaning into opportunities, and certainly in Car Wash and now it's in Glass, and as you well know, having talked to us about the glass opportunity over the last, you know, 60 days or so, 90 days, the initial investment in the Glass business is quite low for the return that we can see. So, you know, I'm not sure that I think the rising rate environment changes our outlook dramatically, right? We feel really good about where we're positioned today.
Okay. That's helpful. Just one follow-up, if I could. On the Car Wash business, have you taken any price in U.S. Car Wash? I know you did in Take 5. You've done some, but not sure if you've done that in U.S. Car Wash. It doesn't sound like it, but I mean, I assume you're not seeing any uptick in subscription attrition. I mean, the subscription numbers were really good. Just curious on that or any trade down into lower cost washes, that kind of thing. Any color there would be great. Thank you.
Yeah. No, we haven't sort of systematically taken price in the Car Wash business, Peter. I mean, we've got sort of a range of different car, you know, prices for our car wash customers, both in terms of the à la carte and also the subscription model. You know, we've not sort of taken price there. Again, I go back to it's such an unbelievably accretive business model with super low labor.
You know, that feels like no need to take aggressive price there. I think it's menu management and making sure that we're getting customers into the right à la carte wash or sort of making sure that we've got the right subscription model options for customers. That is where we stand today. In terms of attrition with wash club subscribers, no, nothing has changed, or we've seen no change in sort of attrition rates in terms of that membership base.
Thanks very much.
The next question is from Liz Suzuki with Bank of America. Your line is open.
Great. Thank you. So based on your comments about the full year guidance and Tiffany, particularly your comments about how much your first quarter performance beat your internal expectations and the plan to update the guidance in the second quarter release, should we expect the cadence of guidance updates to be every two quarters on a go-forward basis? Or was there any other factor that gave you pause on raising the guidance this quarter?
Liz, that's awesome. Thanks for asking the question. It gives me an opportunity to clarify our guidance philosophy, so thanks for opening the door. I appreciate that. You know, look, I think, obviously we IPO'd in January of 2021, and I think it was, you know, certainly important over the quarters of 2021 to make sure that we were crystal clear and very transparent with the Street about our performance quarter to quarter as we were a new public company and everybody was getting used to who we were and what our story was and how our business model works and how we make money. We took that to heart and we made sure that we were providing those updates regularly last year.
I think as we came into 2022, and we're starting to mature, although we're still relatively new on the scene, we're taking the opportunity to, you know, set a very specific guidance philosophy. The guidance philosophy we set, and I think we were very clear about it last quarter, was to say, we're gonna provide annual guidance at the start of a fiscal year. We're gonna let the first six months of the year play out the way that they should and they will, including M&A, because we are a very acquisitive company. Then as we get to the middle part of the year, we're gonna provide you an update, and we're gonna provide you an update on performance, organically as well as our M&A activity and give you insight into our forecast for the back half of the year.
It was no new decision today. We're coming into the release today to decide not to update guidance. It was simply sticking with that guidance philosophy that we shared on February 16th. We think it's the right thing to do to keep folks focused on the long term, frankly. You know, we were transparent today in telling you that we beat our internal forecast by $12 million. You know, we're here to build shareholder value over the long term and you know, we're gonna continue to operate our playbook and to continue to execute and continue to exceed expectations to the best of our ability. Thanks for the question, Liz. I appreciate it.
Great. Thank you for clarifying that. Just a follow-up on some of your segment growth, you know, which was very impressive across the board. I guess the only segment that came in a little lower than our EBITDA estimate was platform services, which it sounds like was constrained by supply chain pressures a bit. How should we think about those headwinds as we adjust our models for this segment going through the rest of the year?
Yeah. Liz, that's great. First I would say remember, platform services is 10% or less, depending on the quarter of total EBITDA. As a contributing factor, relatively insignificant. You know, certainly platform services is where we're seeing the most significant supply chain pressure, right? That's the business that is on the front line as it relates to navigating supply chain challenges, making sure we're moving product across the ocean, getting it to the right locations, and making sure we have product in the right position, and navigating any price challenges. So they're doing a fantastic job. We've got a dedicated team, you know, certainly top-notch in the industry and we're managing that better than 80% of the industry that's fragmented. Certainly that's where you're seeing the most significant source of that pressure.
Great. Thank you.
Thank you.
The next question is from Kate McShane with Goldman Sachs. Your line is open.
Hi. Good morning. Thanks for taking our question. Thank you for all the additional details around AGN. We're just curious, given the amount of time you now have had this business, what the biggest surprise about the business, maybe is that you didn't appreciate before during the due diligence. I also think you mentioned that glass repairs are growing as a percentage of total auto repairs in the industry, and we're curious what was driving that.
Yeah. Hey, Kate, Jonathan here. Thanks for the question. I think there's no real big surprise because, you know, we've done 80 M&A deals over the last, you know, seven or eight years. Our diligence team and underwriting team is pretty solid. You know, we have a good ability to actually underwrite what we're buying. I'd say the only surprise we have is upside surprise in terms of how great and big the opportunity is to grow in Glass, right? I'm even more enthusiastic about this space than when we did the deal in late December. That's number one. Number two, in terms of, you know, growth, I think what we said was the glass space is sort of a $5 billion plus space and growing. I think there's a couple of things happening there, Kate.
One is the calibration services required with glass replacement. Most vehicles since about 2015 have a forward-facing camera, you know, mounted on that front windshield. If you replace that windshield, you have to recalibrate that forward-facing camera because that really is sort of the central nervous system associated with all the ADAS component on a vehicle. That's driving sort of, you know, price or, you know, the size of the repair check. I think, you know, what we're also pretty bullish about is, as we continue to sort of look at massive infrastructure building in the United States and all the roadworks and all the construction that's gonna come with that, we do think that there will be some nice incremental tailwinds from that in terms of glass repair.
The last thing I would say is glass replacement, I should say. The last thing I would say is, you know, when you think about this major acquisition plus our Car Wash acquisition from a few years ago, you know, these are both car agnostic, right? We're gonna be fixing, you know, glass and replacing glass on all vehicle types. Obviously in our Car Wash business, we're gonna be washing all vehicle types as well. Strategically, these are two really important things that we did, and sort of set Driven up for the next 20 years.
Thank you. If I could just ask a follow-up question to the platform services question answered before. Do you have any visibility into the supply chain between now and the end of the year? How much improvement you expect to see and how you're managing inventory as a result?
Look, you know, Kate, it's kinda like asking how long a piece of string in terms of the supply chain is because it, you know, it almost changes weekly. Look, you know, there's a bunch of things that we know. One is that there's continued pressure on sort of the production supply chain, particularly if you've got overseas suppliers. We know that, you know, the cost of containers, when we look at the cost of containers, you know, shipping containers pre-COVID versus now, it's up 300% in many cases. We have a dedicated team that are focused on, you know, multiple supply sources, moving some of those supply sources from overseas to domestic or in Latin America.
You know, our team is working and pulling all the levers and leveraging our scale, which is obviously hugely important in this space. Our internal view on this, Kate, is that, you know, we're gonna continue with, I think, sort of the current operating environment or supply chain challenges minimally through the balance of 2022. You know, quite frankly, for us, this is now our normal operating condition, so we're learning to live and work and thrive in this challenging environment, but we don't see any major reduction in the challenges, you know, certainly as we look at the balance of this calendar year.
Thank you.
The next question is from Sharon Zackfia with William Blair. Your line is open.
Hi, good morning. You know, I guess I wanna talk about, you know, the nice EBITDA margin expansion that you had in the quarter. I recall, if I'm not mistaken, that originally you were expecting flattish EBITDA margins for the year. I understand you're not updating your full year guidance, but I'm just wondering, are there implicit pressures that you're expecting, you know, the remaining three quarters of this year that didn't occur in the first quarter? Then secondarily, in the Maintenance segment, I know there was some margin compression in that segment. Tiffany, I don't know if that was, you know, mix of company-owned growing faster than franchise or if there's something else you're seeing in that business, but it would be helpful to get some clarity there.
Sure, Sharon. Thanks for the question. Let me actually start with your second one, and we'll work back to total company. In the Maintenance segment specifically, Maintenance segment adjusted EBITDA margin is 29.4%. It's about 40 basis points better sequentially from Q4, but down about 200 basis points year- over- year. If you remember back to what we talked about in Q4, on the Q4 call, February sixteenth, we talked about some product cost increases in excess of retail price increases, that's specific to oil. We also talked about the fact that we, in some cases, were paying some alternative supply costs, right? To be able to make sure we had product availability at all of our shops through some pretty significant supply chain challenges.
Those challenges persisted in Q1, though not to the same degree that we saw in Q4. Of the 200 basis points of contraction year-over-year, I would say about 50% of that was related to oil costs, and that's about half of the impact that we experienced in Q4. It is getting better, but it does still persist. The other half of that pressure year-over-year has to do, frankly, with being able to have a rally or a Take 5 convention this year that we couldn't frankly have last year as a result of COVID. That's a good thing, right?
We're able to get back in front of our franchisees, back in front of them to motivate and to celebrate together and to make sure that we're all aligned in terms of what the priorities are for the brand and the franchise going forward. There's some incremental SG&A as a result of that. That's what you're seeing in the Maintenance segment specifically. Earlier in the call, we talked about Car Wash. You didn't ask me about that, but as we get to this company overall margin. Car Wash margin was up year-over-year, predominantly because of great flow-through on the Car Wash International business as a result of some dust storms that allowed them to really leverage fixed expenses. All of that, you know, those are really the two primary drivers. They're the biggest contributors to company margin.
Company EBITDA margins in the quarter were 25%. That's basically the same rate that we ended full year 2021, and we expect 2022 to be flat to that 25% rate. We're probably, you know, honestly a little bit ahead in Q1, because of those factors. You know, obviously on the right trajectory and, you know, feel good about where 2022 is trending and again, updating guidance in another 90 days.
Thank you.
Thank you.
The next question is from Chris O'Cull with Stifel. Your line is open.
Thank you. I had a follow-up question about the rising interest rate environment. Jonathan or Tiffany, I'm wondering if there's any risk that we are nearing a point where higher rates make the returns less attractive for Take 5 franchisees.
Chris, the answer is no. We are growing that Quick Lube franchise pipeline weekly. As I mentioned in my comments, existing franchisees are coming back for expanded or new territory agreements. We're seeing zero impact to rising interest rates in terms of franchisee interest in expanding that business. Quite frankly, we're seeing accelerated performance from our franchisees as they open new stores. The return profile is phenomenal in that business, so, you know, that's resulting in even more incremental demand. It is having zero impact in terms of franchisee demand or ability to open new stores.
Good to hear. A question on the Car Wash segment. You know, as more platforms have entered the car wash space as consolidators, how has your acquisition strategy or maybe the profile of targets changed with that increased competition?
Yeah, it's pretty simple, Chris. We're not gonna pay ridiculously high multiples for mediocre assets, right? That's the basic comment, right? There's a lot of institutional capital has flowed into this space. People need to pay, I think, exorbitant multiples to create initial entry points or platforms. We have a massive platform, you know, globally, a massive platform in the United States with about 350 locations. We don't have to buy a platform because we have arguably one of the biggest platforms already. We can be very laser-focused and surgical on buying smaller assets that fit our needs both, you know, geographically and other, and pay the right multiples that are highly accretive from day one. You know, I think that this institutional capital flow will continue for some time.
I think it's Folks are having to pay multiples that just make no sense. We don't have to do it because we're in great shape. Secondly, you know, we have developed a greenfield pipeline for this business in incredibly short timeframe. You know, we bought this business 18 months ago. We will open between 40 and 50 greenfield locations this year, Chris, right? That's within 18 months of buying this business. The greenfield returns are even better than the M&A returns.
As I mentioned, you know, our pipeline for greenfield growth is expanding pretty rapidly and we feel very, very confident about being able to open significantly more greenfield units than 40-50 in 2023. You know, people need to do what they need to do, but because of our position, our size, our scale, our experience, we don't need to pay those ridiculous multiples.
Thank you.
The next question is from Karen Short with Barclays. Your line is open.
Hi. Thanks very much. Apologies for a little bit of background noise. I wanted to just ask a couple questions. One is, can you actually provide us with inflation in the quarter and then what your inflation expectations are in the quarter to date? I had one other question. Sorry, in the year, for the full year inflation.
Hey, Karen. In the quarter itself, if we think about Q1 and we look at Q1 year-over-year, we saw within our company-owned businesses approaching double-digit cost inflation year-over-year, predominantly when you think about oil and wages. You know, that's probably the highest. If you're sort of tracking quarters, you know, each quarter and our commentary over the last few quarters, that's probably the highest we've seen so far just because it's been sort of an upward trajectory. You know, I think certainly this has been a peak inflationary cycle because obviously we were battling supply chain challenges and inflation last year. The heightened challenges with the situation in Ukraine has certainly brought everything to a head.
I don't know that we have a crystal ball for the balance of the year, but we certainly think that at least for the time being, we're gonna continue to operate in this current environment. As you've heard today, we're navigating it to the best of our ability and, you know, aren't giving up any car count or any opportunity to drive ticket as a result.
Okay, thanks. My second question is, just thinking about VMT. You made a comment that VMT expectations for 2022 are still expected to be up. It looks like so far they're obviously down, at least for January and February this year. My question is when you think about the puts and takes on travel, specifically airline versus driving, like, is there a way to think about at what point a customer's or a consumer's indifferent? Because obviously airline costs are going up, but so are gas prices. How do you think about the possibility that VMT is actually down for the year versus. I mean, I know you said 6% on your original call or your 4Q call, but it seems like that would be a high estimate.
Karen, I'll answer this. Good morning. I think Tiffany mentioned that VMT would still be up for the year. She didn't actually mention a percentage, right? We still think it's gonna be positive for the year. In terms of a family of four people looking to do a summer vacation, if you think of a round trip in a car of 300 or 400 miles, you know, the incremental cost of that trip can be $100+ dollars, something like that, you know, when you think about the incremental cost of gas. When you look at that family of four getting on an airplane, if anyone's traveled recently, they know that airplane travel is almost double the cost of what it was, you know, pre-pandemic, not to mention the absolute miserable experience of traveling, you know, through the airports today.
We see in our data that there is strong demand, as Tiffany mentioned, for vehicle travel this summer, and we feel very good about the consumers will continue to drive, you know, throughout the summer and for vacations. Can't tell you exactly what they're gonna do, but I think the calculus is pretty clear when you do some of the basic math.
Great. Thank you.
Our final question is from Peter Keith with Piper Sandler. Your line is open.
Hey, good morning. Nice results, everyone. I wanted to ask about your digital marketing efforts. Jonathan, I know I asked you about this last quarter, and you've commented there'll be more details on the data and digital unlock to come. My specific question is just around the Maintenance segment. You've talked about digital marketing working very well with maintenance. The comp there is spectacular. You're not mentioning with Car Wash. That seems like a much more logical option. Why aren't the digital marketing efforts working in Car Wash to date?
Well, I think you're inferring they're not working, Peter. I never said they're not working. Look, I tell you what, we've got this massive growth in unique customers. I think we're growing unique customers at almost 1 million new customers a quarter. I think we're up to 22+ million new, you know, unique customers in our sort of data lake. As we build out the Car Wash network, as we think about the Car Wash rebranding exercise, you know, we are, you know, very actively sort of cross promoting our brands with customers of Take 5 Oil Change and inviting them to Take 5 Car Wash, our Car Wash business. I think we're just a bit earlier in the car wash journey when it comes to the digital and data unlock.
We're very pleased with the progress we're making. I don't think it's not working. I think it's just, you know, a couple of quarters or a couple of years behind what we've been doing at the quick lube space. We still feel incredibly bullish about the unmodeled upside when it comes to that core asset that literally none of our competitors have in this space. You know, I'll commit to you, Peter, that we'll certainly spend more time on some of the numbers and behind-the-scenes improvements when we talk to you after Q2 results.
Okay. I look forward to that. Second question, maybe more for Tiffany. I know last quarter you talked about the comp dynamics by segment should be in a pretty tight band, kinda ±200 basis points. Really wide band, obviously, with Q1, and now you've got more inflationary pressures. Fair to assume that it's no longer gonna be so tight and maybe where you'd expect outperformance by particular segments?
Peter, I think it's a fair question. I have no change to my thesis today, right? We're gonna provide updated guidance in 90 days. You know, I think Q1, while stronger than what our internal plan was, we knew Q1 was gonna be the outsized comp and the easiest compare versus the prior year. I don't know that I would take Q1 as the benchmark or the blueprint for the way that the segments are gonna shake out for the balance of the year, but more to come in 90 days.
Okay. Fair enough. Thanks a lot. Good luck.
Thank you.
I'll now turn the call back over to Mr. Fitzpatrick.
Yeah, thanks all. Appreciate all the questions. We're delighted with the Q1 results. Just to reiterate, you know, we will give full year updated guidance in connection with the Q2 earnings, and we're very pleased with the momentum of the business. Thank you all. We'll speak to you all soon.
This concludes today's conference call. You may now disconnect.