Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to The Eastern Company second quarter fiscal year 2021 earnings call. All lines have been placed on a listen-only mode, and the floor will be open for your questions and comments following the presentation. If you should require assistance throughout the conference, please press star 0 to reach a live operator. At this time, it is my pleasure to turn the floor over to your host, Christopher Moulton, Head of Corporate Development. Sir, the floor is yours.
Thank you. Good morning, thank you for joining us today. Speaking today will be Eastern's President and CEO, Gus M. Vlak, and CFO, John Sullivan. After that, we'll open the call for questions. Please note that some of the information you will hear during our discussion today will consist of forward-looking statements about the company's future financial performance and business prospects, including, without limitation, statements regarding revenue, gross margin, operating expenses, other income and expense, taxes, and business outlook. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results or trends to differ significantly from those projected in these forward-looking statements. For more information regarding these risks and uncertainties, please refer to risk factors discussed in our Form 10-Q filed on Thursday. During today's call, we'll discuss non-GAAP financial measures that we believe are useful as supplemental measures of Eastern's performance.
These non-GAAP measures should be considered in addition to and not as a substitute for or an isolation from GAAP results. With that, I'll turn the call over to Gus for opening remarks.
Thanks, Chris. Good morning to those of you who've joined us on the phone and those participating via the web. We released Eastern's second quarter 2021 results on our earnings press release and our Form 10-Q last Thursday afternoon. The second quarter capped off a historic 12 months. Over this period, we've delivered record sales and record sales growth. I want to emphasize how proud we are of the collective effort of the approximately 2,000 people in each of our businesses. We thank them for their resilience and dedication and their agility to cut through many of the challenges associated with executing during a global pandemic. The way they've stepped up is impressive, taking care of our customers, our people, and our communities. They have a lot to be proud of. We can summarize our quarter with three points.
Strong sales and even stronger demand, margin pressure from raw material and shipping costs, and a commitment to continue to streamline our company and focus on our best core businesses. First, sales from our continuing operations grew by more than 55% compared to the last year, following a solid start in the first quarter. Strong sales were the result of the economic recovery across a broad range of commercial vehicle and industrial markets, as well as the impact of our product launches, including a new integrated cable lock that we produce for the incredibly popular Kuat bike rack, a new cover locking system for Retrax tonneau covers, as well as the ramp-up of several new Class 8 truck mirror programs.
According to FTR, North America Class 8 net orders for June were up 13% month-over-month and 71% year-over-year, with Class 8 orders now totaling 431,000 units for the previous 12 months. Across all commercial vehicle markets, demand continues to strengthen with strong GDP growth, capacity constraints across multiple shipping modes at near record truck freight rates and record used equipment valuations. As a result, order rates were red hot in the second quarter, and the ending backlog remained near record levels. Our backlog at the end of the quarter reached $89 billion. That's an increase of 61% over the end of the second quarter last year. We're excited about the full potential of these opportunities to support strong revenue growth in the back half and beyond.
We believe that the growth in our sales could have been even more robust if not for delays. OEM production delays related to electronic component shortages, supplier shipping delays to our own facilities, and OEM delays of new passenger car vehicle launches. Despite these challenges, we posted strong sales in the second quarter. In the quarter, we also experienced a continuation, and in many cases, an acceleration in the cost of key raw materials and freight rates, which pressured our margins. Just to provide you with some perspective of the magnitude of the rising costs. Over the last 12 months, the price of hot-rolled steel increased by 236%, and the price for cold-rolled steel grew by 174%. These are examples of key raw materials that we use in many of our products.
Similarly, spot shipping rates between several Asian and U.S. ports increased from approximately $5,000 per container in May to more than $18,000 per container in July. Our businesses have been able to pass on some of these price increases to our customers, we've had to absorb or share some of these costs. There's frequently a lag in the realized price increases relative to the rapid escalation in costs. As a result, we estimate that our margins in the second quarter were compressed by several hundred basis points. That said, although the supply chain remains disrupted and many material prices are still volatile, we are cautiously optimistic that we're beginning to see signs of moderation in the rate of price increases across many of our key raw materials, we're working with our customers and suppliers to ensure that we return to more stable, normalized margins in the coming quarter.
Finally, we continue the execution of our long-term strategy to drive growth in our core businesses. Therefore, we're now reporting our diversified product segment as discontinued operations as these legacy businesses are no longer aligned with our strategy. As such, we're exploring strategic alternatives for each of them. We believe that this change in reporting signals our commitment to focus 100% of our time and resources to ensure that each of our core businesses have the resources that they require and the people and capabilities in place to drive growth and profitability for years to come. With that, I'll turn the call over to John to go over the details of our financial results.
Thank you, Gus. My remarks this morning will focus on Eastern's results for the second quarter of 2021. As Gus had just noted, we recognize that the companies within the diversified products segment no longer align with our strategy. As such, we're exploring strategic alternatives for each of them. In light of this, the diversified product segment meets the criteria to be held for sale. Furthermore, we determine that the assets held for sale qualify as discontinued operations. Therefore, the financial results of the diversified products segment are reflected in our consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Additionally, current and non-current assets and liabilities of the discontinued operations are reflected in the unaudited balance sheets for the periods presented.
The loss recognized in the write-down of the diversified products segment to fair value in the second quarter was $8.1 million, net of tax, with anticipated cash flow over the next 12 months for approximately $25 million should we successfully divest each business. The majority of the cash would be allocated to debt reduction. I'll now focus on the second quarter of 2021 as compared to the second quarter of 2020 from continuing operations. For the second quarter of 2021, net sales increased 55% to $61.2 million compared to $39.5 million for the second quarter of 2020. Sales increased largely due to increased demand for truck accessories, automotive returnable packaging, blow mold tooling, and distribution products. Net sale of existing products increased 44% in the second quarter compared to the same period in 2020.
Price increases in new products increased net sales by 11% in the second quarter of 2021 compared to the same period in 2020. New products included various truck mirror assemblies, truck compression latches, cable locks, and mirror cams. Gross margin as a percent of sales was 23% in the second quarter, compared to 26% in the second quarter of 2020. The decline in gross margin was due in large part to unprecedented increases in prices of many of the raw materials, as well as freight rates. For example, price of hot rolled steel increased 236% year-over-year from the second quarter of 2020 to the second quarter of 2021. Cold rolled steel increased 174%. Nickel increased 42%. Scrap iron increased 178%. Copper and zinc increased 81% and 49%, respectively, to the same period.
While freight costs increased $1.4 million or 148% and $2.1 million or 97% for the three and six months ended July 31st, 2021 as compared to the corresponding period in 2020. Price increases to customers were only able to offset a portion of these increases. Product development expenses increased $0.2 million or 19% in the second quarter compared to the same period in 2020. As a percentage of sales, product development expenses was approximately 1.8%. Selling and administrative expenses increased $2.8 million or 43% in the second quarter compared to the same period in 2020, primarily due to increased commissions, other selling expenses, amortization expenses, payroll-related expenses, and incentive costs, which were suspended in the second quarter of 2020.
Net income for the second quarter was $2.8 million or $0.33 per diluted share, compared to net income of $2.1 million or $0.33 per diluted share for the same period in 2020. Now for a quick summary of our cash flow and balance sheet highlights. Cash flow from operations was $2.2 million for the second quarter, lower when compared to the same period last year due to an increase in inventory and accounts receivable. This was primarily the result of significant increases in sales, partially offset by an increase in accounts payable.
Inventories of $48.8 million as of July 3rd, 2021, represents an increase of 13% as compared to $43.1 million at the end of fiscal year 2020, and an increase of 12% as compared to $43.7 million at the end of the second quarter of 2020. In certain of our businesses, in anticipation of increased prices and material shortages, we selectively repurchased or pre-purchased key raw materials. Accounts receivables were $35.1 million as of July 3rd, 2021, as compared to $31.8 million at 2020 fiscal year-end, and $28.4 million at the end of the second quarter of 2020. As of July 3rd, we had cash and cash equivalents of $18.5 million and untapped $20 million revolving line of credit.
Our net leverage ratio was 2.3 .x Our fixed charge ratio is 2.7x , both of which are well within our bank covenants of four and a quarter and one and a quarter respectively. With that, I'll now turn the call over to the operator for questions.
Thank you. The floor is now open for questions. For those of you who have joined by webcast, you can submit your questions through the webcast tool by clicking on the Ask Question button on the left side of your screen. If you would like to ask a question over the phone, please press *1 on your telephone keypad at this time. If you're using a speakerphone, we ask that while posing your question, you pick up your handset to provide the best sound quality. Again, ladies and gentlemen, if you do have a question or comment to ask over the phone, you may press *1 on your telephone keypad at this time.
Thank you, operator. We do have some questions that have come in via the webcast, so let's start with those. Let's go to the first question. One, can you explain the $10 million restructuring charge that we took this quarter?
Yes. Every quarter, we continuously evaluate all our reporting units for impairment. We do this by comparing the estimated fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the assets exceed the fair value, we have an impairment, and we have a write-down. In this last quarter, we determined that the discontinued operations do not fit our long-term strategy, so we wanted to focus on our core business. As a result, we reevaluated the fair value of these legacy businesses, and we recorded an impairment. As part of this, we recognized a goodwill write-off of approximately $5.9 million into the discontinued operations when we classified the disposal group as held for sale.
Okay. The second question, when will you have completed the sale of the discontinued operations?
Well, reporting these as discontinued operations now means that we're confident that we'll be able to complete these within the next 12 months. We expect that the net cash proceeds of these sales is somewhere in the area of $25 million, and we intend to use these proceeds primarily to reduce our outstanding debt, which will help us continue to strengthen our balance sheet and sets us up to support the growth of our core businesses.
Okay, we have a third question. How much EBITDA did the discontinued operations contribute in the first half and second quarter of 2021?
Well, actually, we haven't reported those numbers, and we did report the net income from the discontinued operations in Note B of our latest 10-Q. Also, if you reviewed our 10-Q for 2020 first six months, we reported adjusted EBITDA. In our 10-K for 2020, Note 12, we reported our segment reports, which identified the Diversified Product Segment. With those, you can kind of compute what the EBITDA would've been contributed from the discontinued operations, but it would not have been material relative to the total EBITDA from the company.
Okay. We have a fourth question. What is the impact of raw material prices on your earnings?
Well, I guess we mentioned raw material prices and shipping costs have increased at unprecedented rates. Although we pass on these costs to our customers, there's often a lag. In the past, I would say the impact of the lag was barely noticeable because we were able to raise prices more in line with higher costs. Because of the rapid, sustained, and I would just say the sheer scale of the cost increases, we have not yet been able to fully recover these in the past quarter. As a result, we estimate that our gross margins fell by several hundred basis points. Our ability to recover will improve as we work with our customers as the rate of price increases slows down in the coming quarters.
Okay. Question number five, how is the integration of Big 3 Precision going?
We acquired Big 3 Precision in August of 2019, and we're very pleased with the acquisition. It's one of our core businesses. We've taken a number of steps to help drive growth. In January, we brought on a new leader for the business, and we've hired and promoted several other senior leaders inside the business. On the transfer packaging side of the business, we believe that with this team, we're well positioned to capitalize on the increase in the number of new vehicle launches that are scheduled for the next four to five years, including the launch of many electric vehicles. B ofA estimates that in 2021, there'll be roughly 34 new vehicle launches. They also estimate that the average for 2022 to 2025 is 60 new vehicles per year.
The other thing this team will be able to do for us is help us diversify our customer base, going after some new markets, and also integrate new bolt-on acquisitions that will help us expand our product offering and geographic market coverage. On the tooling side of Big 3 Precision, we had an exceptional 2020, driven in part by the demand for hygiene packaging, and 2021 is just as strong through the first six months. You may still recall that we added Hallink, based in Ontario, Canada, to this business. It was last July. Hallink expanded our offering at Big 3 Precision to include two-step blow mold tooling, and it's been a very strong addition overall to the organization. On the commercial side, Hallink is fully integrated, and really, we couldn't be more pleased with this addition.
While I'm on the topic of integration, I'll note that we're also working on the combination of our Eberhard and Illinois Lock businesses, and this is progressing extremely well. Through this combination, Eberhard not only benefits from the consolidation synergies, and they're currently working on streamlining their manufacturing footprint, but more importantly, it can drive the adoption of electromechanical and digital products into many of our markets. In the past few years, Illinois Lock has invested in many of these capabilities, including the acquisition of Load & Lock, which we completed in 2018. With the combination now of Eberhard and Illinois Lock, we can bring these products and these capabilities to many of our best bodybuilding, service body, and truck accessories customers. We believe that by 2025, more than 1/3 of total Eberhard sales will come from electromechanical and digital products.
All right. It looks like we have one more question. How does the sale of discontinued operations impact your goal of becoming a $100 million EBITDA company?
Far and away, I guess John mentioned, most of our EBITDA comes from our continuing operations, or the core businesses. From a purely mathematical perspective, I would say the impact is minimal. More importantly, what this will allow us to do is allocate all of our capital to our highest return businesses. As a result, we should see faster top-line and bottom-line growth from these businesses. We're going to have more capital for accretive bolt-on acquisitions.
Okay. I'm not seeing any further questions via the webcast. Operator, can we open the lines for questions?
As a reminder, ladies and gentlemen, if you would like to ask a question over the phone, you may press star one on your telephone keypad at this time. Again, that's star one if you'd like to queue up for a question over the phone. There appear to be no questions over the phone.
Okay, thank you. With that, I'll turn the call over to Gus for closing remarks.
Thank you. There are many signs for continued optimism as we enter into the back half of the year, despite some of the supply chain difficulties and the raw material price volatility. Our backlog is strong. We're making progress on pricing, and we're confident that our focus on our core businesses, Big 3 Precision, Eberhard, and Velvac, will translate into material sales, earnings, and cash flow growth throughout the remainder of 2021 and beyond. Thank you.
Thanks, Gus. I'll now turn the call back to the operator.
Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, this does conclude today's teleconference. We thank you again for your participation. You may disconnect your lines at this time, and have a great day.