Greetings, and welcome to the EPAM Systems' first quarter 2018 earnings call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A question and answer session will follow the formal presentation. If anyone should require operator assistance during the conference, please press star zero on your telephone keypad. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to your host, Mr. David Straube, Head of Investor Relations for EPAM Systems. Thank you. You may begin.
Thank you operator, and good morning, everyone. By now, you should have received your copy of the earnings release for the company's first quarter 2018 results. If you have not, a copy is available at epam.com in the Investors section. With me on today's call are Arkadiy Dobkin, CEO and President, and Jason Peterson, Chief Financial Officer. Before we begin, I'd like to remind you that some of the comments made on today's call may contain forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties as described in the company's earnings release and SEC filings. Additionally, all references to reported results that are non-GAAP measures have been reconciled to GAAP and are available in our Q1 earnings material located in the Investors section of our website. With that said, let me now turn the call over to Ark.
Thank you, David, and good morning, everyone. Thanks for joining us. Let me begin with a few financial highlights. We delivered a strong first quarter with revenue of $424 million, reflecting 31% year-over-year growth or 26% in constant currency terms. Our revenue growth was broad-based, both geographically and across all of our industry verticals. In addition, we delivered strong non-GAAP earnings per share of $0.93, which represents 29% growth from Q1 of 2017. Our strong start to 2018 is in part the result of the continuing execution of our strategy across the three major pillars of our business: our capabilities and offerings, our people, and our key markets and customers. Looking at our capabilities and offerings.
We remain focused on extending our leadership position in digital transformation programs and connected digital platform services, helping our clients develop and integrate a full range of offerings to optimize their processes and deliver positive returns on their technology investments. We are putting a lot of our attention today into developing capabilities in the area of intelligent automation, RPA and AI, and machine learning, which is becoming very important for us as a cross-functional effort among our engineering, general consulting, and specific industry-focused teams. We also see growing opportunities in the IoT space, where closely connected networks and devices are challenging businesses to create full-cycle intelligent enterprises covering end-to-end business needs of certain customers, where data-driven decision-making creates a completely different level of efficiencies and triggers opportunities to bring new revenue-generating ideas and corresponding business models to life much faster than it was possible before.
It is very clear that the use of digital in the industrial and manufacturing sectors is only just starting and will require to fully realize a very unique mix of creative capabilities and strong engineering disciplines. We do believe that focusing more and more on IT technologies together with advanced automation and DevOps, we are going to be well-positioned to help our clients in such sectors to bring to life new solutions and to navigate successfully the challenges ahead, and in turn, to allow us to grow faster, too. In response, we are continuously expanding our capabilities, both organically as well as through acquisitions. Our most recent example specifically related to the need in strong crossover capabilities between physical and digital worlds. In March, we announced the acquisition of Continuum Innovation, a design firm headquartered in Boston with studios in Milan, Seoul, and Shanghai.
This acquisition is important to us because while it strengthens our general consulting capabilities and enhances our existing digital and service design practices, it also brings to EPAM a human-centered approach to physical design and physical product development. In addition, with this acquisition, we would be able to expand our R&D efforts, which we started by introducing of EPAM Garage. Now, with Continuum material lab approach, which enable multifunctional teams to collaborate much more seamlessly across the product development life cycles, we enable sophisticated physical-digital prototyping. We would be able to test complex product ideas and experiences practically in real-time with instant customer feedback. Lastly, to bring it all together, we are very much focusing on developing our consulting services across business experience and technology disciplines into our mainstream integrated offerings to increase the overall value of the solutions we deliver for clients.
Moving to our people engagement, productivity, and talent development. We ended the quarter with over 23,700 delivery professionals, a 21% increase year-over-year, a net addition of more than 700 production professionals during Q1. Our total headcount ended at more than 26,700 employees. Simply put, focus on our people and their development remains critical to our success. In Q1, we continued our investment in learning and development programs across all key locations. At the same time, we are putting a lot of effort in rethinking many such programs, taking into account new advances in educational methods and the growing needs for skills and capabilities necessary for the engagement we are going to be involved with our clients in very near future.
Sizable continuing investments also directed to our constantly advanced talent development and employee engagement ecosystems, as well as into engineering productivity platforms and tools, some of which we are bringing to open source market. Turning to a few client highlights and market update. All of our clients in every industry recognize the landscape they are competing has fundamentally shifted, and the focus on customer experience and engagement from one side and analytics and highest possible level of automation from another are even more critical for success. EPAM has been working with Aer Lingus Digital and Mobile in the areas of web and mobile development, backend services, DevOps, and enterprise service business integration, resulting in significant growth of its digital commerce revenue. Recently, we extended our five-year relationship with Aer Lingus to develop new ways to enhance the Aer Lingus guest experience and automated services and operations.
This multi-year relationship highlights our expertise in building specific solution to increase customer satisfaction, including leveraging advanced data and analytics to provide more personalized insight and online and offline touches that connect the physical and digital customer experience. Another example of delivering differentiated solution is our work with A.S. Watson, the world's largest health and beauty retail group, with over 14,000 stores in 24 markets, serving over 28 million customers per week. Our teams develop and support A.S. Watson e-commerce platform, provide necessary changes to their ERP and store system to be in sync with engagement initiatives, and in addition, bring big data analytics, cloud management, and business process automation capabilities to glue all that together. In result, in close collaboration with A.S.
Watson, we collectively develop and support a full range of digital transformation strategies and have been honored to be recognized as an official technology partner for ASW Group. Taking a look at our vertical performance in the first quarter. Financial services, our largest vertical, finished the quarter with 38% growth year-over-year, driven by clients responding to regulatory changes, digitization, and transformation, in addition to demand for EPAM wealth management platform. Travel and consumer grew 28% for the quarter. Customer experience and e-commerce efficiency areas major focus for clients in the vertical, with demand focused on personalization to help drive better customer engagement and loyalty. Software and high tech grew approximately 20% year-over-year for the quarter, with growth coming from continued demand for strong software engineering skills and advanced technology practices necessary to accelerate product delivery to the market.
We also partnered with our clients in this sector to push the boundaries of digital innovation through advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and augmented reality. Business information and media, formerly we called it media and entertainment, posted 32% growth year-over-year, driven by engagement focused on productizing voice and video platform in the telecom and cable industries, as well as the technologies to help clients manage the creation and distribution of content. Life science and healthcare grew 19% over the same quarter last year, driven by the healthcare industry focus on delivering patient-centric care through interactive apps and hospitals of the future initiatives. In addition, we are helping our life science clients streamline their end-to-end processes to maintain compliance while driving smart engagement initiative with physicians and consumers.
Lastly, our emerging verticals continue their strong trajectory, delivering 54% growth, driven primarily by industrial engineering, energy, and automotive. Finally, by looking at customer concentration across our client base, would like to share that our top 20 accounts grew more than 22%, and growth outside the top 20 accounts was more than 38% comparing to the same quarter last year. With that, let me turn it over to Jason for detailed financial update.
Thank you, Ark, and good morning, everyone. I will start with some financial highlights, then talk about profitability, cash flow, and end on guidance for fiscal 2018 and Q2. In the first quarter, we delivered very strong top-line performance, exceeded our profitability expectations, and grew earnings per share. Here are a few key highlights from the quarter. Revenue closed at $424.1 million, reflecting a 30.6% year-over-year growth rate or 26% growth in constant currency terms. Sequentially, our Q1 growth rate was 6.2%. From a geographic perspective, North America, our largest region, representing 56.5% of our Q1 revenues, grew 26.5% year-over-year. Europe, representing 36.1% of our Q1 revenues, grew 33.9% year-over-year, or 23.4% in constant currency. CIS, representing 5.1% of our Q1 revenues, grew 49.8% year-over-year, or 46.8% in constant currency.
Finally, APAC grew 51.9%, or 46.3% in constant currency, and now represents 2.3% of our revenues. Moving down the income statement. Our GAAP gross margin for the quarter was 34.5%, compared to 36% in Q1 of last year. Non-GAAP gross margin for the quarter was 36.5%, compared to 37.7% for the same quarter last year. The year-over-year decline in gross margin reflects the impact of foreign exchange and a higher level of accrued variable compensation based on the strong start to the year. GAAP SG&A was 20.7% of revenue, compared to 24.2% in Q1 of last year, and non-GAAP SG&A came in at 18.6% of revenue, compared to 20.8% in the same period last year. We are pleased with the efficiency we have achieved in our SG&A spend, and will continue to manage SG&A closely in both dollar terms and as a percentage of revenues.
For the remainder of the year, we expect to manage SG&A at a slightly higher level, measured as a percentage of revenues. Our current level of SG&A reflects our continued investment in talent acquisition, the extension of our global footprint, and expansion of capabilities with a focus on supporting long-term sustainable growth. GAAP income from operations was $48.7 million, or 11.5% of revenue in the quarter, compared to $31 million, or 9.5% of revenue in Q1 last year. Non-GAAP income from operations was $67.7 million, or 16% of revenue in the quarter, compared to $49.3 million, or 15.2% of revenue in Q1 of last year. Our GAAP effective tax rate for the quarter came in at negative 34.5%, which reflects the impact of a $22.5 million one-time net benefit related to tax planning and the recently passed U.S. tax reform legislation.
Our non-GAAP effective tax rate, which excludes the one-time benefit and other adjustments, was 22%. Diluted earnings per share on a GAAP basis was $1.15, which includes the lower tax rate, partially offset by higher stock compensation expense in the quarter. Excluding the one-time tax benefit previously mentioned, GAAP EPS was $0.75. Non-GAAP EPS was $0.93, reflecting a 29.2% increase over the same quarter in fiscal 2017. In Q1, there were approximately 56.2 million diluted shares outstanding. Utilization was 77.6%, compared to 77.5% in the same quarter last year, and 78.8% in Q4. Turning to our cash flow and balance sheet. Cash from operations for Q1 was $7.3 million, compared to $31.2 million in the same quarter last year. Free cash flow was negative $3.4 million, compared to a positive $23.4 million in the same quarter last year.
Our cash flow from operations in Q1 reflects the payout of a higher level of variable compensation related to 2017 performance, in addition to an uptick in DSO. Total organic DSO was 83 days, compared to 81 days at the end of Q4 fiscal 2017, and 77 days in the same quarter last year. We continue to focus on managing our total DSO performance in the low 80s. Turning now to guidance. Starting with fiscal 2018, revenue growth for fiscal 2018 will now be at least 27% reported, or at least 25% in constant currency, after factoring in 2% estimated currency tailwinds. As a reminder, our full year revenue outlook reflects approximately a 2% contribution from inorganic revenues.
We expect GAAP income from operations to continue to be in the range of 12%-13%, and non-GAAP income from operations to continue to be in the range of 16%-17%. We expect our GAAP effective tax rate to now be approximately 4%, which reflects our tax planning efforts in response to the US tax reform legislation. We expect our non-GAAP tax rate to continue to be approximately 22%. For earnings per share, we now expect GAAP diluted EPS will be at least $3.77 for the full year, and non-GAAP EPS will now be at least $4.11 for the full year. We now expect weighted average share count of 56.9 million fully diluted shares outstanding.
For Q2 of FY 2018, revenues will be at least $445 million for the second quarter, reflecting a growth rate of approximately 28% reported or approximately 26% in constant currency, after factoring in approximately 2% estimated currency tailwinds. For the second quarter, we expect GAAP income from operations to be in the range of 11.5%-12.5%, and non-GAAP income from operations to be in the range of 15.5%-16.5%. We expect our GAAP effective tax rate to be approximately 10%, and non-GAAP effective tax rate to be approximately 22%. For earnings per share, we expect GAAP diluted EPS will be at least $0.82 for the quarter, and non-GAAP EPS will be at least $0.98 for the quarter. We expect a weighted average share count of 56.9 million fully diluted shares outstanding. Finally, a few key assumptions which support our GAAP to non-GAAP measurements.
Stock compensation expense is now expected to be approximately $14.2 million in Q2, $14.6 million in Q3, and $15 million in Q4. Amortization of intangibles is now expected to be approximately $2.2 million in each remaining quarter for the fiscal year. The impact of foreign exchange is expected to be approximately $1.5 million in each remaining quarter. Tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments is now expected to be around $4 million in each remaining quarter. Lastly, we expect excess tax benefits to now be around $6.1 million in Q2 and $3.3 million in each remaining quarter. In summary, we are pleased with our Q1 results, which reflect strong, broad-based growth across our verticals and geographies, a result of the diverse mix of projects and work we are delivering for our clients. Our unique positioning in the market, combined with our solid fundamentals, positions us well for continued growth in fiscal 2018.
With that, let's open the call up for questions.
Thank you. At this time, we'll be conducting a question and answer session. If you'd like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you'd like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. To allow for as many questions as possible this morning, we request that you please ask one question and one follow-up. Our first question comes from the line of Ashwin Shirvaikar with Citigroup. Please proceed with your question.
Thank you. Hi, Jason. Good quarter there. The raised guidance, just to clarify, that primarily reflects outperformance in one Q. As we look at sort of the cadence of revenue growth through the rest of the year, it was good to see in 1Q that headcount growth re-accelerated. Should we make that a continuing assumption so that the gap between headcount growth and revenue growth sort of narrows as we proceed through the year?
Our expectation would be that utilization will actually increase somewhat in Q2 and probably throughout the remainder of the year, certainly in the second half. Utilization, we'd guided to the fact that we expected the utilization would come down from Q4 to Q1 of 2018, with the idea that we wanted to make certain that we had sufficient resources to be able to support our growth in the year. Throughout the remainder of the year, you should expect that utilization will increase somewhat.
Okay. Is there a utilization target? Although that's not my follow-up question. If you could just address that to complete the question. Let me ask the second one.
which is that, yeah.
Ashwin, this is Arkadiy. You breaking out connection kind of not too good. As I understand, you're asking if increase in revenue in Q1 is a one-time situation, or it would be propagated over the year. At this point, we see in the year number as we've seen, and that's what we're guiding to. Increase in number of people, it's a reflection of our high utilization numbers at the end of the last year, and we plan to improve utilization slightly during the year as well. That's what Jason was referring to.
Yeah. Got it. You mentioned a couple of times progress on SG&A hires, which really is sort of the front-end consulting type of people, I'm assuming.
Right.
Can you comment on the progress? What kind of people you're looking for, any particular end markets, how that effort is going?
That's a different combination of people, clearly. We always were saying that one of the opportunities for us to improve is create better end market connection with our clients. We're looking for consultants, which is partially not billable account managers, number of account managers and vertical experts with very different utilization targets that our general population of engineering. That's why I created pressure on the G&A as well.
Okay, got it. Thank you.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Ramsey El-Assal with Jefferies. Please proceed with your question.
Hi, guys. I wanted to ask you about the general talent market. We've had some of your competitors kind of talk about an intensifying competition for talent. Are you seeing any sort of more sudden intensification out there versus what's just been going on kind of a course of business recently? I also want to just ask
What is your toolkit in terms of retention? Obviously, you can throw money at employees, but what else can you do to make sure that they stick around?
I think it's a pretty consistent equation for our public life, and I think the situation with talent competition always was very difficult, and I think we're talking about it practically each quarter, and it's not related to Eastern Europe or India. Again, as I usually point out, it's all over the U.S. and Western Europe as well. This is constant pressure. We're living in this situation for most of our years of existence. At the same time, we paying a lot of attention to retention issues, like we mentioned today that we've continually investing in internal system to understand motivations of our people, and we're creating different rotation programs, different Competency Centers, different conferences, like the type of projects which people have opportunity to participate, highly impacting this as well.
There is no one simple answer, and probably it could be very separate discussion, but we're putting a lot of efforts around this.
Yeah.
Our investment probably in talent management and retention over the last years only were increasing. You probably noticed how much we invested in HR function and how different it is today at EPAM versus five, six years ago when we just started as a public company.
We continue to be successful in terms of bringing resources into EPAM. In addition, the attrition rate throughout 2017 declined on a quarter-over-quarter basis throughout the entire year. The attrition that we saw here in Q1 is actually quite a bit lower than what we saw in Q1 of 2017. We think we've done a fair job of managing retention and adding resources. I do feel good about our ability to continue to drive revenue growth based on resource availability.
It is a challenge, and challenge for everybody. This is one of the main challenges in the industry clearly.
Okay. Great. Thanks. As a follow-up, I wanted to ask you about the internal implementation of some of the productivity-enhancing digital technology you're delivering to clients. In other words, what is the internal opportunity for technologies such as AI or intelligent automation or advanced analytics? Are you implementing these things internally, or is there an opportunity to, and could that have any impact on your expense line in the future? It's kind of a long-dated question.
Good question. Answer is yes. We trying to apply whatever we think might apply to client and experimenting in our internal R&D labs, how we can improve internal efficiency across our SG&A costs, and just improving services inside of EPAM. That's one of the efforts which we're constantly doing. This is true not only for this, but any type of technology which could impact internal operations. That always was part of our effort. Some of proof of concept which we're doing internally, we clearly then demonstrate into the clients as an example of how it could be utilized.
Great. Thanks so much.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Jason Kupferberg with Bank of America Merrill Lynch. Please proceed with your question.
Thanks, guys. Good morning. I just wanted to start with a question on guidance. I know you took up the full-year EPS by $0.04. You did just beat Q1 by a few pennies, and I think you're picking up a few more pennies from the lower share count outlook for the year. I just wanted to see what this implies relative to your margin outlook. I know you're maintaining the 16%-17%, but can we get to the middle of the range or does the lower part of the range seem more likely? Obviously you took up the revenue outlook again a little bit, I just want to make sure we've got the different pieces calibrated here.
We expect to be in the range of 16%-17% as we guided. We do think that we'll see an improvement in revenue that's largely associated with our organic revenues, so that's not coming from the Continuum acquisition yet. Again, it's an improvement in the demand environment and what we're seeing on the horizon. I don't think I could comment as to exactly where we're going to be in the range, but generally what we do see is in the second half of the year is that we do see improvements in our adjusted IFO as revenues grow and as we see an improvement in the utilization numbers.
Just a revenue question. You mentioned the financial services vertical growing 38% year-over-year. I think you did have an easy comparison there, but nonetheless, seems like there's some strong underlying trends. Wanted to see if you can give us a little bit more color there. Was it UBS? Was it a combination of clients? Maybe you can just talk more broadly about what you are seeing in terms of project-based spending at some of the larger banks, because it seems like there's been some mixed signals in the market as far as where that stands at this juncture in the year.
That's definitely not one answer to the question. It's a combination of things. As we, again, over the last quarters, we are pointing out that we are not necessarily a good representation of financial services across the global delivery industry, and we're focusing on a little bit different subset of engagement and applications, which is giving us better opportunity to grow. That's probably consistent with previous statements this quarter. On top of this, we have a couple new logos which we started within last nine, six months, which contributed to the growth in financial services for Q1.
We're seeing growth from both existing customers, then we're seeing significant growth from new customers. That's why you see the high growth rate in our business. As Ark said, we're just participating in a different space of wealth management platforms, asset management platforms, be more customer-facing technologies.
Okay. Congrats on the results.
Thank you.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Moshe Katri with Wedbush Securities. Please proceed with your question.
Yeah, thanks. Guys, this is an unusually strong quarter for Q1. Am I right here in terms of the growth that we're seeing, in terms of the guidance raise? Is there an uptick in the demand or anything that's going to fundamentally pushing this? That's kind of a big picture question. In terms of some of the metrics, maybe you could talk a bit about organic growth for the quarter, organic growth that's embedded in the actual guidance, and then, what are we factoring on the guidance side in terms of pricing and wage inflation? Thanks.
It probably sounds unusual from the numbers point of view, probably not sounds so unusual for us internally here. Again, I think, yeah, we're seeing bigger number, which is attributed to number of clients which were growing pretty fast during the last couple of quarters. Again, for the rest of the year, we're seeing exactly what we're guiding for and as we try to do each time.
I can talk a little bit about Q1.
Yeah.
We look at the quarter is that we probably picked up about $1 million related to foreign exchange versus the rates that we were using at the time of guidance. You'll remember that the Continuum acquisition occurred at the very tail end of Q1, we only had about two weeks worth of revenue from Continuum. That had a very modest impact on revenues. Really what you saw versus guide is just a substantial kind of over-perform based on demand in the market.
What about pricing and wage inflation in terms of what's embedded in the guidance?
It's consistent with the guidance that we had at the beginning of the year. I will reiterate that in terms of the growth and the increase in the guidance is that at this time, it's exclusively from our organic revenue. We're seeing some nice traction in terms of customer engagement and in meetings, and we do think that longer term, that you'll see some nice benefit from the Continuum acquisition. At this time, the take-up in the guidance for revenue is exclusively due to organic growth. From a wage inflation standpoint, it's pretty consistent with what we've talked about in the past. It's maybe up slightly. I would put that in the modest. Okay. We continue to get price increases from customers on an annual basis, at least a subset of our customer base. We continue to see opportunities for price increases with new engagements.
Generally, I think that the pricing opportunities and the wage inflation are not materially different than what we've seen in the past.
Understood. Thanks. Good quarter.
Thank you.
Thank you. Our next question comes from line of Arvind Ramnani with KeyBanc Capital Markets. Please proceed with your question.
Hi, this is Bryan Bergin sitting in for Arvind Ramnani. Just a quick question here. Our checks with clients have been overwhelmingly positive on the quality of technology talent and productivity that they get from EPAM. These companies are much larger IT services vendors. Have you found the competitive set changed in the last couple of years, and what are you doing to make sure that you stay ahead of the competition?
It could be very long answer, but just in couple sentences, I will repeat what we communicating during all this time. We're coming from very strong engineering background, and on top of this, we're trying to put the right client-facing capabilities, industry expertise, elements of consulting experience designing, experience consultancy. With all this, we're trying to keep up with our engineering standards because that's what actually matter when you're delivering whatever you're advising to the clients. That's continuous effort, and that's what we think probably still differentiate us, and we don't want to lose this advantage on engineering part while we trying to go up in value chain with additional services.
Great. Thanks.
Nothing magical.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Maggie Nolan with William Blair. Please proceed with your question.
Good morning. I wanted to ask about Continuum. It seems like those employees have a slightly different skill set than some of your core EPAM employees. I'm wondering if you think that this business is scalable for EPAM, what does that integration timeline look like in terms of when you'll be able to really start driving revenue synergies?
I think we will be able to answer in much more details, like in 18, 24 months from now. In general, during the last five, six years, we were adding different type of skills to EPAM, which we didn't have inside. Continuum, one of these attempts as well to bring different type of people and see how together we would be able to impact clients better. At the same time, it's not completely different to EPAM because Continuum is a combination of user experience and design thinking together with physical product expertise from industrial design to actually prototyping of real physical products. We do think with our attempt to play better role in IoT world and with our clients in industrial engineering and utilities energy. That would be very important addition to us. The same like in healthcare and retail.
We'll see how it would be working out. There is no simple answer right now.
We haven't really included any revenue synergies in our guidance. Okay. What we are seeing, though, is that we already are sort of engaging mutually with clients. What we think over time that we'll be collectively able to engage on larger programs as we sort of combine the capabilities of the two different companies.
Okay, great. Was there any customer overlap with Continuum customers and EPAM customers? Are there any clients that you think could become meaningful contributors to EPAM's growth kind of in that later timeline that you've outlined?
We do believe that there are a number of opportunities between our client portfolios, and there is some slight overlap, but we working in different areas. The whole goal, how actually to bring it together, and that's exactly the point. I think we will see how it working in 18, 24 months.
Thank you.
It's not a short-term impact.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Mayank Tandon with Needham & Company. Please proceed with your question.
Thank you. Good morning. Ark, wanted to get your thoughts on pricing in terms of, are you seeing an increase in transaction-based and outcome-based pricing? Some of your peers have called that out as being a driver. Just wanted to get your thoughts in terms of if you're seeing any model shift with your clients.
I think in general, our pricing model not changing much. There are some experimentation with outcome-based, but it's extremely small number of proportion of our revenue right now. Very insignificant, but we experimented with this. In general, it's the same challenge we have. We still need to improve our in-market capabilities to make sure that we reflect on potentially better outcome and solution in which we do it. Again, I don't think anything changing significantly in our pricing situation.
We're still around or above 90% in terms of T&M pricing or time and materials pricing.
Right. Okay. Just another question around the verticals. Obviously, a really strong quarter across the board, but I guess the one area that might be a little bit softer was the healthcare life sciences. If you could just maybe talk about that, if you're seeing any shift in the trends there.
I think it's also in line with last quarters. Healthcare life science was softer than others, but I don't think it's, again, it's reflection of the market or it's a specific situation, several clients, and we do believe that life science healthcare will kind of reach the same level of growth which other verticals we have in next few quarters.
Great. Thank you.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Joseph Foresi with Cantor Fitzgerald. Please proceed with your question.
Hi. The move into consulting's been obviously difficult and expensive for others. I just want to get a sense of what your strategy is as you move up the value chain, and any thoughts on what margins could do longer term as you take on more expensive consultants?
Our approach right now is relatively simple. We're not trying to build completely separated line of business or revenue stream coming from consulting. We're trying to find the right kind of combination of consulting and design, heavily supported by engineering capabilities. Basically, we're trying to empower final solution in which we build through right decisions and right design. That's why our consulting line of revenue not necessarily will be soon listed as a separate one, because this is how we're trying to bring more value to the clients and probably eventually improve margins, not to kind of make more pressure on the margins. It would require investment, and that's what we're doing. Clearly, in some of the quarters, it would be pressure on the margins before we will achieve what we are looking for.
Okay. Just on the margin side of things, what's the balance between gross margin and SG&A or operating margins look like throughout the year? It looks like you're headed towards the upper end of the guided range. Where is the SG&A leverage coming from? Is that coming from upside to the top line? Is it better utilization? How should we think about those moving factors? Thanks.
Yeah, that's fair. From a, I guess, overall profitability standpoint is, we had expected that we would see a dip in gross margin, in part because we had intended to take down the utilization so that we could grow throughout the remainder of the year. At the same time, we've been very focused on improving our SG&A efficiency, and you kind of get there two ways. One is by looking at three ways. One is looking at current spending and seeing what you can do to optimize that spending. Other is to make certain that you're adding appropriate headcounts and making investments in the areas that will most effectively sort of drive revenue and profits. The third, obviously, is the revenue growth.
To the extent that obviously you're growing revenues rapidly, and you're controlling your SG&A expense, just the algebra produces in SG&A efficiency, and that's something we've been very focused on, both as we put our plan in place for 2018 and as we execute throughout the year.
We were talking about lack of traditional corporate structures for our size. We were growing very fast. During the last year, we put a lot of investment in this area, including like HR operation, people operation, people management, talent acquisition. Now we kind of a little bit benefiting from this because we build structure, and now we just need to support it.
Thank you.
Thank you. Our next question comes from line of James Friedman with Susquehanna International Group. Please proceed with your question.
Hi. Thank you. It's James at Susquehanna. I'll just ask my two upfront. Jason, I apologize to ask you to do this again. Is the Continuum in or not in? I thought I heard you say that the number's organic. That's my first one. The second one is, Ark, is there anything unique about the CIS, Eastern Europe delivery organization in terms of either attrition or supply? Everyone else in the industry is calling out rapid attrition, wage inflation, et cetera. Is there anything unique to that specific delivery region? Thank you.
First off, from the Continuum standpoint, so for our full year guidance, Continuum is in as somewhat less than 2% of revenues, and that's consistent with the press release we did at the time of the acquisition, as well as the update to guidance. The point that I was trying to make earlier, and sorry if it wasn't clear, is that the increase in our guided growth rate for 2018 is a result of organic revenue growth, not due to, let's say, synergies associated with Continuum at this time. Continuum is in the number, but we've actually taken up the growth rate guidance for the full year, and that's exclusively due to the strength that we see in the organic demand.
In regards to the talent pool, I think we experiencing the same pressures which everybody else. There is volatility, there are some differences. There are some differences even between Eastern European. Significant differences between different Eastern European countries we operate in. In general, again, we experiencing exactly the same challenges which all companies experiencing globally. There is a global lack of talent. There is pressure on wage inflation. There are a lot of efforts which you need to put to retain people and motivate people. That's all over the place.
Thank you.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Louis Miscioscia with Pivotal Research Group. Please proceed with your question.
Okay, thank you. I was going to ask a question on margins, I think you hit that pretty well so far. Let me ask you about automation. It seems that RPA and automation to Cognizant is really starting to kick in. Could you maybe talk about how much you're seeing that and what customers are asking you to do? Then I guess my follow-up question would be to expand that out to also talk about what you're seeing with, I guess, the other new types of technology, AI, Internet of Things, blockchain. Thank you.
We're definitely seeing a lot of interest in automation because for many companies, that's one of the few opportunities actually to improve their operations. For many traditional established companies in financial services, insurance space, this could be huge savings, and there are a lot of experimentation there. It's very challenging because it's usually a combination of what people say in automation, but change of the process and internal re-engineering as well. It's a combination of all of this. Again, we're seeing this, we're paying attention to this, we're participating in this as well. Probably very much in line with what Cognizant was communicating. Again, we're trying to bring our engineering advantage there because with all these new technologies, with all these new products on the market, there are a lot of engineering challenges to make it efficient as implemented.
We hope that we will benefit from this. In regards to blockchain and machine learning and general artificial intelligence, this is still pretty early, but we do believe that it would grow fast. We invest in competencies and expertise all the time. Also, just to mention that we traditionally have had some advantage because we have a good portion of our revenue coming from software and technology companies. We're seeing and helping to experiment even during the product development stages with our clients. We're seeing through their eyes sometimes what and how first implementation look like, actually bringing this back to our corporate clients as well. I think we have some advantage because of our heritage and portfolio of our clients.
On the automation side, could you possibly quantify maybe how much of the different projects you're working on, or if it's moving from more proof of concepts to scale or something?
On the RPA part, it's probably dozens of projects. Some of them definitely moving to implementations. It's still experimentation because these implementations still have to prove the returns which promised.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Vladimir Bespalov with VTB Capital. Please proceed with your question.
Hello, congratulations on great results, and thank you for taking my question. I have a couple of questions. One is on working capital. You mentioned that your day sales outstanding increased, and this reduced your cash flow from operations. How should we look at this going forward? Are you going to decrease day sales outstanding in the coming quarters, and could you comment on this? The second question is on your client concentration. When I look at the trends quarter by quarter, throughout last year, there was a decrease in top five clients concentration, top 10 clients concentration, and top 20 clients concentration. But if we compare the first quarter with the fourth quarter, there is a slight increase in each category.
Basically, do you think that the current client concentration mix is optimal and you're not going to reduce it further in terms of servicing both big clients and small clients, getting big orders and small orders and so on? Thank you.
Okay. Just in terms of the working capital, yes, DSO did go up by a couple of days between Q4 and Q1, that did have a negative impact on working capital. That's something that's going to get a significant amount of focus throughout the remainder of the year. We remain committed to keeping DSO in the low 80s. The other thing we talked about is just we have a variable compensation program. It's in part a program that we use to retain our employees. There is an annual payout of that variable compensation plan, and that occurs for the most part in Q1 of the fiscal year, and then a little bit of that variable compensation element is actually paid out in Q2 in certain other countries in the CIS region.
Generally, what you see is that there is somewhat lower cash flow generation in Q1, just courtesy of the variable compensation payout. All things equal, you see an improvement in cash flow generation in Q2, and again, an improvement in Q3, again, all things held equal. I think that would address the cash flow item. In terms of concentration of customers, do you want to talk about that, Ark, or are you?
I think it's also a consistent trend during the last couple years. As we mentioned, we have new logos coming, and some of them growing pretty fast. Our growth below our top 20 is way over 30% right now. I think this is just reflection of reality and diversification.
Quite simply, we're growing both with existing customers and with new customers. We have a significant amount of revenue coming from, again, what we call new customers, which are measured as customers which began generating revenue in the last 12 months. We're getting about 40% of our revenue growth from those customers, and then the 60% from the existing accounts. There's substantial growth opportunities in both the existing customers and in new customer opportunities.
Okay, thank you very much.
Thank you.
Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, our final call for today comes from the line of Avishai Kantor with Cowen and Company. Please proceed with your questions.
Hi, everyone. From a consulting perspective, have you considered any joint ventures or partnerships with standalone consultancies for front-end strategic opportunities? You think it's critical for you to keep those skills in-house?
Listen, we always open for any type of partnership and opportunities to work with other companies which would complement our capabilities and allow us to go to bigger programs. There is nothing certain which we can talk about it, and it's happening from time to time. At the same time, we strongly believe that we need to have some consulting capabilities really inside of the company to blend with our other services much tighter.
My next question, regarding your plans to further diversify your global presence and delivery capabilities, any specific regions or countries that you're focusing on at this point?
We're focusing on, I think, we have a pretty well-diversified number of locations right now. Clearly everybody's thinking about us as an Eastern European dev center kind of backup. At the same time, we have India, China, and Mexico at this point, and we're paying a lot of attention to make sure that we have well-balanced delivery locations and focus on how to grow all of them because that's a practical function of client demands and clients wanted us to have these locations and clients' location, in many cases, driving our presence in all of these global places.
That's good. Thank you very much.
Okay, thank you.
Thank you. Mr. Dobkin, there are no further questions at this time. I'll turn the floor back to you for any final comments.
Thank you everybody for joining today. Would like to thank all of our employees for the good start of the year. If you have any questions, David always available to address and to talk to you in three months. Thank you.
Thank you. This concludes today's teleconference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation.