Earnings Call: Q1 2020

Apr 23, 2020

Good day, and welcome to East West Bancorp's first quarter 2020 earnings call. All participants will be in listen-only mode. Should you need assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key, followed by zero. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your touchtone phone. To remove yourself from the question queue, please press star then two. Please note, today's event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Julianna Balicka, Director of Strategy and Corporate Development. Please go ahead. Thank you, Eric. Good morning, and thank you everyone for joining us to review the financial results of East West Bancorp for the first quarter of 2020. With me on this conference call today are Dominic Ng, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Irene Oh, our Chief Financial Officer. We would like to caution you that during the course of the call, management may make projections or other forward-looking statements regarding events or future financial performance of the company within the meaning of the safe harbor provision of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements may differ materially from the actual results due to a number of risks and uncertainties. For more detailed description of risk factors that could affect the company's operating results, please refer to our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31st, 2019. In addition, some of the numbers referenced on this call pertain to adjusted numbers. Please refer to our first quarter earnings release for a reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures. During the course of this call, we will be referencing a slide deck that is available as part of the webcast and on the investor relations site. As a reminder, today's call is being recorded and will also be available in replay format on our investor relations website. I will now turn the call over to Dominic. Thank you, Julianna. Good morning. Thank you everyone for joining us for our first quarter 2020 earnings call. Before we go into our financial results, let me take a moment to express that our thoughts are with those who are affected by COVID-19 and thank all the frontline and essential workers for their resilience and perseverance through this difficult time. We at East West recognize that banking is an essential service, and we have been laser-focused on supporting our customers and the communities that we serve through these volatile and unprecedented situations. As an organization, we quickly mobilized to assure continuity of operations and to maintain the level of customer service and responsiveness that our customers have come to rely on. Our associates have stepped up to the challenge impressively, and I'm proud of their entrepreneurial spirit and engagement in helping businesses in need navigate these difficult times. To ensure health and safety of our associates and customers, we implement enhanced safety measures and protocols and social distancing. First in Greater China, and then in our domestic locations. About 60% of our 3,200 associates have jobs that can be performed remotely, and they are currently working from home. Meanwhile, our frontline branch staff and operation support teams have been placed on rotation schedules or in split team arrangements as appropriate. We reduced branch hours, temporarily closed geographically proximate locations, and are providing personal protection equipment such as masks, gloves, hand sanitizer, and wipes for our associates. For certain employees with jobs that cannot be performed remotely, we added premium pay and enhanced benefits to help them with any additional costs stemming from the pandemic, such as childcare or transportation. Well, everyone is pitching in. For example, with the Paycheck Protection Program, we pooled in associates from teams throughout the bank to increase our ability to underwrite and process as many applications as possible before initial program funding ran out. We funded more than $1.5 billion in loans for over 4,500 small to medium-sized business and nonprofit organizations. By the way, it took East West Bank a full decade to originate $1.5 billion in SBA loans. In comparison, we funded over $1.5 billion of PPP SBA loans in just two weeks. We had to, because funding these new loans so quickly will help save hundreds of thousands of jobs across the communities where we work and live. My inbox is full of stories from these customers thanking East West for helping them keep their employees on the job. This extensive monetary and fiscal support from the government is encouraging. In addition to PPP, we plan to participate in the Main Street Lending Program and other government support programs that may be implemented. At East West, we have also taken other proactive action in order to help our customers manage through the current crisis and reduce cash flows due to the stay-at-home orders. We are providing payment accommodations for impacted commercial and consumer customers. Our customers were thriving before this crisis, and we will help them thrive again when the pandemic is over. Now, I will move on to review our financial condition and the results of the first quarter. Let's go to slide number 4. In the first quarter, we earned net income of $145 million or $1 per share, compared to fourth quarter net income of $188 million or $1.29 per share. The quarter-over-quarter decrease largely reflects an increased provision for credit losses in light of deteriorating macroeconomic conditions and outlook as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. We generated total revenue of $417 million and earned pre-tax, pre-provision income of $256 million, equivalent to a pre-tax, pre-provision profitability ratio of 2.3% in the first quarter. An important variable helping us consistently generate attractive profitability is our industry-leading low efficiency ratio. In the first quarter, our adjusted operating efficiency ratio was 38.5%. Our first quarter 2020 return on asset was 1.3%, return on equity was 11.6%, and return on tangible equity was 12.9%. Moving on to slide number 5. From an enterprise risk management perspective, we are entering the crisis from a position of strength. Our balance sheet is strong. We have high levels of liquidity and capital, and our loan and deposit portfolios are well diversified. In the first quarter, we grew total loans by 13% annualized and deposits by 15% annualized. Our loan-to-deposit ratio as of March 31st, 2020, was 92.8%, stable relative to the past several quarters. As we have said before, we consider a range of 90%-95% to be a comfortable operating range, balancing considerations of on-balance sheet liquidity with profitability. The allowance coverage of our loans is strong, and additionally, this quarter, we increased it to 1.55%. Furthermore, we have ample liquidity and available borrowing capacity to fund loans for our customers if it's ever needed. As of March 31st, our unused available borrowing capacity was $13 billion, which is sizable compared to our balance sheet size of only $46 billion. You can see on slide 6 that East West capital ratios are strong. In fact, we have some of the highest capital ratios among regional banks. This quarter, we took some actions to return capital to our shareholders. Since our announcement of a stock repurchase program in early March through March 16, we repurchased $145.9 million or 4.5 million shares of common stock. In addition, East West Board of Directors has declared second quarter 2020 dividends for the company's common stock. Common stock cash dividends of $0.275 are payable on May 15, 2020 to stockholders of record on May 4th, 2020. Our strong pre-tax, pre-provision income and capital levels allow us to maintain our dividend even in light of the challenging economic conditions. Moving on to slide 7. As of March 31st, total loans reached a record $35.9 billion, an increase of $1.1 billion or 13% linked-quarter annualized. Average loan of $35.2 billion grew by 9% linked-quarter annualized. End-of-period loan growth was driven by all three of our major loan portfolios, C&I, commercial real estate, and residential mortgage. Average loan growth in the quarter was driven by CRE, which grew 17% linked-quarter annualized, and by residential mortgage, which grew 12% linked-quarter annualized. Both of these portfolios grew evenly throughout the quarter, and growth has continued into April as loans previously in the pipeline continued to close. On the other hand, average C&I loans decreased by 2% linked-quarter annualized as C&I loan growth was back-end loaded in March. We saw increased line utilization in our C&I portfolio this quarter. As of March 31st, 2020, our C&I line utilization was 75%, which increased from 71% as of December 31st, 2019. Our Greater China portfolio was $1.4 billion as of March 31st, and it decreased by $104 million from year-end. So far, credit concerns resulting from COVID-19 pandemic as well as requests for loan forbearance have been very limited. Credit quality in that portfolio remains stable, and we are being prudent about loan growth at this point. Continue on to slide 8. We added a more detailed breakdown of our C&I loan portfolio. The largest segments within C&I are general manufacturing and wholesale, oil and gas, and private equity. All of which are equivalent to 4% of total loans, followed by entertainment, which is equivalent to 3% of total loans. Our C&I exposure to travel and leisure, hospitality, restaurants, and restaurant supply, all combined together, represents less than 1.5% of our total loan portfolio. We don't believe there are material credit concerns in these segments. Our oil and gas exposure as of March 31st was $1.4 billion of loans outstanding and $1.8 billion of total commitments. Based on commitments, 64% of our exposure is to customers in exploration and production, 27% to midstream and downstream clients, and 9% to oil field services and others. The composition of our clients E&P production is 61% oil, 29% gas, and 10% natural gas liquids. The majority of the E&P production loans are hedged for 2020, and some of them are hedged even through 2021. In light of the volatile market conditions for oil and gas, we increased our reserve coverage against portfolio to approximately 8%. On slide 9, 10, and 11, we have added additional details about our commercial real estate portfolio. Our CRE portfolio of $14.2 billion is well-balanced across the major property types of retail, multifamily, office, industrial, and hospitality. Construction and land exposure for us is very small. The geographic distribution of our portfolio generally reflects our branch footprint. You can see on slide 10 that the weighted average LTV of our portfolio is 51%, and that loans with an LTV of over 70% make up only 5% of the total portfolio. In the chart on the right-hand side, you can see that the weighted average LTV of our loans are consistent by property type. We have a long history of low credit losses in our multifamily and income-producing CRE portfolios through many credit cycles over the decades, and the consistency of our low LTV underwriting is an important contributing factor. On slide 11, we have included additional information about our hospitality, retail, and construction and land portfolios. Again, the geographic distribution of these portfolios generally follows the geographic footprint of our branches with the largest concentrations in Southern and Northern California. A high percentage of our borrowers have substantial net worth, provide us with personal guarantees, and put substantial equity into their buildings or projects. We partner with experienced operators, investors, and developers, and many of our customers have long-term relationships with East West, spanning decades and multiple financing collaborations. The weighted average loan-to-value on our hospitality portfolio is a low 49%. 57% are full-service hotels and 37% are limited service hotels. A great majority of our hotels are in primary markets. Many are flags of franchises. The weighted average LTV on our retail portfolio is also a low 49%. 52% is in small strip centers under 30,000 square feet in size. This is also reflected in the low average loan size of $2.1 million for our retail CRE. Restaurants make up 6% of retail CRE and have an average loan size of little under $1 million and an average LTV of 53%. The vast majority of our retail CRE borrowers also provide personal guarantees to help support these credits. Construction and land exposure for us is very small, and is well-diversified by property type with a weighted average LTV, a low 54% based on commitment. Moving on to slide 12. You can see the geographic distribution of our residential mortgage portfolio, which similar to CRE, follows our branch footprint. Our residential mortgage are primarily originated via our branches and their local networks of real estate professionals. The average loan size in our portfolio is only $380,000, and only 6% of our loans have an LTV over 60%. For our core low LTV single-family mortgage portfolio, we have a long history of low credit losses. In the first quarter, we originated $640 million of residential mortgage loans, which is on par with the origination volume in the fourth quarter of last year. The origination mix in the first quarter was evenly split between fixed and variable rate loans, consistent with recent quarters. We saw an increase in refinance transactions, which increased to 62% of origination volume in the first quarter, up from a recent run rate of 50%. For your information, we recently migrated our process so that over 90% of our mortgage originations are now received digitally, allowing loan production to continue in April despite the impact of stay-at-home orders. We'll now turn over to Irene for more detailed discussions of our allowances and asset quality for profit and income statement. Thank you, Dominic. Turning to slide 13 for a review of our allowance for credit losses, and slide 14 for a review of our other asset quality metrics. On March 31st, our allowance for credit losses totaled $557 million or 1.55% of loans held for investment, compared to $358 million, 1.03% as of December 31st, 2019. Quarter-over-quarter, the loan reserve increased by $199 million, including $125 million from the adoption of the new Current Expected Credit Loss Model, or CECL accounting standard on January 1st, which increased the reserve coverage on loans to 1.37%, up from 1.03%. During the first quarter of 2020, we booked a $74 million provision for credit losses, which increased reserve coverage to 1.55%, reflecting the deteriorating macroeconomic conditions and outlook as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. We attribute 77% of provision expense in the first quarter reserve build and 23% to the $1.1 billion net loan growth in the quarter. The Moody's economic scenarios inform the three models we use to calculate our CECL reserves, and as of March 31st, our reserve reflects our best estimate of the future economic environment and our expected losses for remaining portfolio. Furthermore, given the strength of our capital and pre-tax, pre-provision earnings levels, we have the capacity to manage any losses that might be above the level of allowance as of March 31st, 2020. Turning to slide 14, you can see that outside from the increase to the reserve in the first quarter, the impact of the pandemic crisis is not yet evident in our other asset quality metrics as of March 31st, 2020, and they remain strong. Net charge-offs in the first quarter were a low $900,000, resulting in a net charge-off ratio of 1 basis point of average loans annualized. During the quarter, gross charge-offs of $13 million, primarily from C&I loans, were almost entirely offset by recoveries, $10.2 million from total CRE and $1.6 million from C&I. C&I charge-offs in the first quarter were primarily from our oil and gas portfolio on loans previously identified as substandard, which had been reserved for in full as of December 31st, 2019. The criticized to total loans ratio was 2.78% as of March 31st, ticking down by 3 basis points from 2.81% as of December 31st, 2019. The classified loan ratio decreased to 1.25% of total loans as of March 31st, down by 7 basis points from 1.32% as of. Non-performing assets as of March 31st, 2020 were $151 million or 33 basis points of total assets, compared to 27 basis points of total assets as of December 31st, 2019, and 31 basis points of total assets as of March 31st, 2019. During the quarter, REO assets increased by $19 million as we took possession of a retail commercial real estate property located in Southern California after over a decade of litigation. Now, moving to slide 15 for discussion of deposits. Total deposits grew to a record $38.7 billion as of March 31st, 2020, an increase of $1.4 billion or 15% linked quarter annualized. Average deposits of $37.5 billion grew $64 million, or 1% linked quarter annualized. Average deposit growth for the first quarter primarily came from money market and non-interest bearing demand accounts, offset by a decrease in interest-bearing checking. In the second quarter, our funding costs will continue to benefit from the repricing of maturing time deposits. As of March 31st, 2020, we have $3.6 billion in time deposits maturing in the second quarter at a weighted average rate of 1.53%. The third quarter of 2020, we have another $2 billion maturing at a weighted average rate of 1.57%, followed by $1.4 billion maturing in the fourth quarter at a weighted average rate of 1.44%. For context, we originated or renewed $700 million of time deposits month-to-date in April at a rate of 40 basis points, compared to $1.6 billion in March at a rate of 83 basis points, and $1.5 billion in February at a rate of 1.21%. The month-over-month decline in time deposits reflects the changes we have made to our deposit pricing, resulting from the 150 basis points of Fed funds rate cuts in March. Now moving on to a discussion of our income statement, starting with slide 16. We will review the components of the income statement in subsequent slides as well. The effective tax rate was 12% in the first quarter, compared to 14% in the fourth quarter. Weighted average diluted shares decreased by 1% due to share repurchase activity during the first quarter. Given the current volatility and uncertainty about the length of time that the COVID-19 crisis will last and the consequent widespread and sustained impact to the economy, we will be suspending the publishing of our 2020 full year management outlook. With that said, with our strong capital position, strong allowance for credit losses, combined with proactive management to minimize credit exposures and to control operating expenses, we are confident that we will emerge from this crisis stronger than ever. Once we have more visibility, we will resume guidance. On slides 17 and 18, we will review our net interest income and net interest margin. First quarter 2020 net interest income of $363 million decreased by 1% linked quarter. The first quarter net interest margin was 3.44%, a contraction of 3 basis points from the prior quarter. Against the backdrop of materially lower interest rates during the first quarter, the declines in earning asset yields were largely offset by decreases in the cost of funds. The quarter-over-quarter change in our net interest margin is as follows. 11 basis points decreased from lower loan yields, including fees, recoveries, and discounts. A 1 basis point decreased from lower yields on other earning assets. A 3 basis point decrease from balance sheet mix shift, all of which were partially offset by a 12 basis points increase from lower funding costs. Continuing to slide 18, the average loan yield in the first quarter was 4.71%, down 20 basis points from the prior quarter. Month-over-month between March and February 2020, the monthly average SFR loan yield was essentially unchanged. Monthly average C&I loan yield compressed by about 30 basis points and CRE about 50. As of March 31st, fixed rate loans and hybrid loans still in their fixed period made up 31% of our total loans. 34% of our loans were linked to one month and three-month LIBOR rates, and 29% were tied to the prime rate. The first quarter 2020 average cost of deposits decreased by 12 basis points linked quarter to 82 basis points, and the average cost of interest-bearing deposits decreased by 17 basis points to 117. As of March 31st, 2020, our end of period cost of total deposits was 58 basis points, down 28 basis points from February 29. Month to date, as of April 21st, our cost of total deposits decreased another 7 basis points to 51 basis points. As of March 31st, 2020, our end of period cost of interest-bearing deposits was 84 basis points, down 39 basis points from February 29. Month to date, as of April 21st, our cost of interest-bearing deposits further decreased 6 basis points to 78 basis points. Now turning to slide 19. Total non-interest income in the first quarter was $54 million, a decrease of 14% compared to $63 million in the fourth quarter. The driver of the quarter-over-quarter decrease was a negative $7 million credit valuation adjustment, largely related to customer interest rate swaps resulting from the movement of rates as of March 31st, 2020, compared to December 31st, 2019. Fee income and net gains on sales of loans of $54.4 million in the first quarter were up $2 million or 4% from the fourth quarter. Customer-driven interest rate contract revenue was stable quarter-over-quarter at $14 million. In other fee income categories, quarter-over-quarter, foreign exchange income of $8 million increased by $2 million. Wealth management fees of $5 million increased by $1 million, and lending fees of $16 million decreased by $1.5 million. Moving on to slide 20. First quarter non-interest expense was $179 million, a decrease of 7% linked quarter and 4% year-over-year. Excluding the amortization of tax credit investments and CDI, our adjusted non-interest expense was $161 million in the first quarter, a decrease of 3% quarter-over-quarter and flat year-over-year. The largest linked quarter change was a decrease in other operating expense resulting from lower travel expenses, advertising, and promotions. First quarter compensation and employee benefits expense was $102 million, an increase of 1% quarter-over-quarter due to seasonally high payroll expenses in the first quarter and essentially flat year-over-year. Our first quarter adjusted efficiency ratio was 38.5%. With that, I will now turn the call back over to Dominic for closing remarks. Thank you, Irene. For more than four decades, East West has weathered various credit cycles and macroeconomic environments, emerging stronger on the other side of them every single time. I believe that with our strong capital, liquidity position, and our loyal customer base, we are entering this cycle from a position of strength. During these unprecedented times, we continue to be focused on the most important task at hand for us. Helping our customers navigate the challenges ahead so that they can thrive when this crisis is resolved. I have never been more proud of our associates for going above and beyond in demonstrating our East West culture and values. I wish to thank all of them for their dedications and commitment. I will now open the call to questions. Operator? Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press star then 1 on your touch-tone phone. If you are using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. If your question has been answered and you wish to withdraw your question, please press star then 2. In the interest of time, please limit yourself to one question. You may re-enter the question queue for a follow-up question if need be. Our first question today will come from Ebrahim Poonawala. Please go ahead with your question. Good morning. Good morning. I guess I just wanted to touch upon credit. You made some good points around capital strength, earnings power. When you look at the loan loss reserves at 1.55% at the end of the quarter, I was wondering if you can talk about what was, I think you mentioned like Moody's scenarios were baked in as you sort of updated for CECL reserves. What are you assuming in that 1.55% reserve in terms of the shape of the recovery, your loss rates, if you can speak to that? In particular, Dominic, would really love some color around the energy book, the entertainment book, because those are two where there's a little bit high degree of concern around how the losses might transpire. Ibrahim, I'll start with our allowance methodology. For East West, we had utilized Moody's for our stress test, and that evolved with CECL. The scenarios and the models that we used to develop our 3/31 CECL reserve were what Moody's published on 3/27. The shape of that is, if we're going with letters, U-ish. That's what we'll continue to look at. As I mentioned in my prepared remarks we have three different models, for CRE, C&I, and then single family. With the Moody's scenarios as a backdrop, we've also layered in our loss experience that we've had, and certainly other factors where we look at the portfolio to ensure that we have appropriately reserved for any risks that we see. On the question on what are the portfolio that you would like me to highlight again? Just in terms of the two things. Just with the C&I book, I said energy and entertainment. Okay. If there's anything else that you are particularly worried about, Dominic, that would be great. Okay. So energy and entertainment. Double E. Okay. What I would start with, just with the energy. We shared with you earlier about we have $1.4 billion of energy loans outstanding. The vast majority of them are the E&P reserve lending, which obviously we were very much focused on doing more reserve lending because if you look back several years ago, reserve lending with high collateral value tend to not have as much losses. The losses that happened a few years ago were mainly in the oil services and some of the downstream and so forth. But in this cycle, things are a little bit different. Obviously, we see what the price tag looks like around what's happening on a weekly basis if we checked out on the oil and gas prices. They obviously do not look very good, even for the E&P production loans. But as I said earlier the majority of our customers do have hedges in place. For 2020, some of them even extend beyond 2021. We'll see how much of this price depression will continue. If it linger on well beyond 2020, obviously many oil and gas loans, like many other banks will have these challenges. If it's just temporarily for a few months and then somehow it come back stronger again, or for whatever reason, there are any kind of government stimulus program that potentially can support it, that would change the dynamic. We don't know at this point. All we can do is that with the best estimate and being a little bit more conservative and provide as much reserve as we feel is necessary, and that's why we set aside 8% for this portfolio. Moving on to entertainment. I feel very comfortable with the entertainment portfolio today. When we first started nine years ago, many of our entertainment loans were for theatrical release production financing well collateralized by foreign distribution rights, tax credit, and so forth. Today, most of our lending when it comes to content development production are for streaming. It goes to Netflix, to Amazon, Apple, et cetera. In fact, our entertainment lending in China are predominantly to streaming. Television production and internet streaming companies contract and so forth. We do not have much exposure at all. We have no exposure to theaters. We have no exposure. We have very, very few exposure with movies. And even with the movies, they are fully collateralized and already have completed with distribution rights and tax credit and so forth, all available. We feel that currently we are in a pretty good shape when it comes to entertainment business. Anything else that you would have any concerns that you would like to ask in terms of the C&I portfolio? Then only just a follow-up to that, Irene. Should we expect or what level of reserve builds should we expect from here? If you can talk to that. Thanks for taking my questions. Yeah, Ebrahim, I think that is the question of the earning season for us and for other banks. Honestly, at this point, and that is why we kind of have discontinued providing guidance, we simply do not have a lot of clarity on that and to even give a range. We want to make sure that we are reserving the appropriate amounts given the risks in our portfolio, and we will evaluate. And certainly, as we continue on in the quarter, we will continue to look at our portfolio to see what is appropriate and book the amount that we think we need to. Thank you. Our next question will come from Ken Zerbe of Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead with your question. Great. Thanks. Good morning. Morning, Ken. I certainly appreciate all the I do appreciate all the new information that you've given us, especially on slide 18 in terms of your current rates. Is there a way you can just sort of combine all this for us? I know you're not giving guidance necessarily, but if we kind of strip out the PPP program and just really look at your core portfolio, how do you envision the sort of net impact of all the deposit and asset changes in terms of your net interest margin going into second quarter? Well, I want to clarify the impact of PPP wasn't in for the first quarter. That will be really a new development for the second quarter. Certainly with kind of where the Fed funds rates are and also longer-term rates, we do expect that the margin and the loan yields will come down. We're doing our darnedest to make sure on the funding side and on the deposit side, we're lowering rates. That's why we've provided all that transparency, Ken, about the CDs as well, and we're pricing downward of that. Well, second quarter also will be an unusual quarter because we already booked $1.5 billion of C&I loans through the PPP program. So it is not usually a normal quarter. Once the second program started, we start booking some gain. So clearly I wouldn't count that as our normal way of originating C&I loans. Yeah, I don't think we had it in our prepared remarks, so I'll just share that the processing fee income that we expect from the $1.5 billion that we booked is about $40 million. Our next question will come from Michael Young of SunTrust. Please go ahead with your question. Hey, thanks for taking the question. Wanted to just ask on the expense side, obviously good operating efficiency again, but as revenue maybe falls depending on the PPP program, should we expect that same level of efficiency going forward? Were there any one-time expenses or true-ups this quarter that may not repeat going forward? Yeah. The efficiency ratio will certainly be a function of the revenue number. When we look at the actual expense during the quarter, I would say there isn't anything that unusual. We are doing our jobs as a management team to ensure that we're looking at all the expenses very carefully. In any environment we do that, but certainly now. First quarter, there's always some seasonality with payroll costs, so that's probably about $3 million increase in first quarter. But year-over-year, pretty comparable. Our next question will come from Jared Shaw of Wells Fargo Securities. Please go ahead with your question. Hi, good morning. Morning, Jared. Just looking at growth. You had great growth in C&I this quarter. Then you have the PPP loans coming on, and the good SFR growth. Should we assume that C&I is that this growth rate is a little more sustainable? This is different from what you've had in the last few quarters where it seems like you've been de-emphasizing C&I. Is this more a function of just higher utilization from COVID, or is this good sustainable growth at this point? Well, the PPP again is in the second quarter, right? Clearly I can expect second quarter is going to be a nice C&I growth. If we go back to the first quarter, clearly the higher utilization is a factor for our C&I growth. We do have new customers that we brought in from other banks and new deals that we worked on in the end of January and February and a little bit. When it comes to March, I think, I would say the majority of the growth comes from higher utilization from our customers. Private equity funds that just wanted to draw down a little bit more money from the commitment. Those are kind of things that are similar to other banks. Our next question will come from Chris McGratty of KBW. Please go ahead with your question. All right. Great. Thanks. Morning. Morning, Chris. Hey, how you doing? I want to come back to the prior question on the margin, just to make sure I'm conceptually thinking about it. If we exclude the impact of PPP, my memory serves me, and correct me if I'm wrong, that each cut by the Fed was around 10 basis points to NIM. With six cuts, some pretty meaningful potential offsets. I know you guys are being aggressive on the deposits, but is that the right way to think? I'm just trying to get a sense of how much of the loan yields have yet to reprice given the dynamic with Fed funds and floors. Maybe you could just open up about that. That'd be great. Yeah. Normally, we provide as part of our investor relations deck, kind of the breakdown of our loan book by index and how much is fixed and we can share that with you afterwards. That's not part of our earnings release deck this quarter. The composition hasn't really changed. If you look at that, a lot of the C&I loans, vast majority, and then also the CRE loans have repriced at the end of the quarter. When we look at really where the opportunities are, one, mix change. We also, with the kind of the volatility and where rates were, took advantage and entered into some lower cost kind of pay fix swaps to kind of help reduce our funding costs as well. So there are things that we've done to take advantage of kind of the dislocation in the market and to help as far as on the funding side. To add to my earlier kind of prepared remarks, I think our opportunity really is on the cost side of what we can do to lower that in a more rapid pace, right? But I think if round numbers here, if we look at it ex PPP, we do think that the NIM can go to a little over 3% because of our ability to take down the deposit costs. And we'll outperform, let's say 10 basis points over '25 rate cuts. Our next question will come from Brock Vandervliet. Please go ahead with your question. Thanks very much. Good morning. Just a follow-up on an earlier expense question. Do you kind of view this as, I know you're looking at expenses all the time, but do you view this dislocation as exactly that or something that may be more lasting and warrants a harder look on the expense side? Well, I think that no one really know this pandemic impact. That's the reason why most banks are not providing guidance because we really don't know how's it going to turn into. I mean, is it going to be sitting at home for another month or so, or is it sitting at home for another 3 months? And when the economy do come back, is it a V shape or a U shape? To what extent some industries have a hard time to come back because lifestyle changes and so forth. There are many questions out there that people would need to ask, and then how this economy would turn into after the pandemic. And no one knows. I mean, we have the opportunity to look at what's happening in China because our greater China team start dealing with the pandemic in late January, when it was pretty much a whole country complete shutdown and for an extended period of time. We saw that the factory workers all going back to work. Banking is more or less now getting back like usual. There are still certain type of business are not doing as well like others. So we're going to need to look at what's going to happen in U.S. because U.S. is not China. So behavior are going to be different. At this stage, I think you can sort of rest assured East West has always been very proactive in managing our business. If we feel it's appropriate to take a much more aggressive reduction of expenses, we would definitely be the one that looking actively into it. If we see that it's something that we're not sure whether it is temporary or permanent, I think that we would not be unwise to start taking down, let's say, certain infrastructure to hurt our long-term growth opportunity. We're always nimble. While we're always nimble and we move really fast, the fact is we are much more long-term driven in terms of looking into sustainable, profitable, and sustainable growth in the long run more than just any kind of quarter by quarter kind of results. So that's the kind of philosophy we have, and that's what we're going to do, and watching it on a daily, weekly basis and see what we need to do. Our next question will come from Lana Chan of BMO. Please go ahead with your question. Hi. Good morning. I wanted to see if you could give us how much of your loans have had payment deferrals so far? Sure, Lana. If I look at the numbers here, I'll start with C&I and commercial real estate, our commercial loans. As of 3/31, the actual modifications and forbearances were actually pretty low, about $80 million. As of today, we probably doubled that, so $160 million. I would share, though, on top of the $160 million, there are probably another $400 million as far as loans where we're having conversations with borrowers who have asked for some sort of modification. I'll also add that in the month of March, we wanted to make sure that we could help our business customers, particularly the small business customers who were suffering with the shut-ins and the frenetic nature of things then. We did offer kind of accommodations for them, largely to help them given the frenetic nature of what was happening, more so than from a perspective of concern about the cash flow. So that's something that we also did as well. So those numbers are a little bit higher, but it was short-term in nature. On the single-family side, and we're in states where there are a lot of other programs from governors as far as modifications put in place. If we look as of 3/31, the total amount of deferred payments was about $7 million on a balance of approximately $400 million. I don't have that specific today, but certainly those numbers have come up from there. Our next question comes from Gary Tenner of D.A. Davidson. Please go ahead with your question. Thanks. Good morning. Just wondering if you could just talk about how you're planning to fund the PPP loans. Will it be through on-balance sheet liquidity or through one of the programs? Yeah. At this point in time, we have strong deposits, and we are funding the PPP program through our liquidity that we have. We do expect, though, that we filed the paperwork, we'll likely look at those loans, pledge them, and use the PPPLF program to fund part of it. Our next question comes from David Chiaverini of Wedbush. Please go ahead with your question. Hi, thanks. I had a follow-up on slide 18 where you provided the spot rates on deposits. I was wondering if you could provide the spot rate on loans. And then I had a follow-up on the loan modifications and deferrals. How far out are you going? Are you doing 3 months? And are you willing to go further if the lockdowns persist? I'll start with the forbearances and the modifications. For single family, most of the ones that we have done are 3, and then we'll roll that forward to another 3 if the borrowers need it. On the commercial side, it varies much more so. But at this point in time, I don't think we've done any modifications or have any plans to that are beyond 6 months. Certainly, if the customer needs it, if the environment is very different, we will extend that out, and we're very flexible as far as from the perspective of what we need to do to limit our loss content. On the spot rate of the loans as of 4/21, I don't believe I have that information in front of me, David. Julian and I can get that for you after the call. I want to add also for these single-family mortgages. Because the LTV is so low, as I highlighted earlier, that we actually only have 6% of our customers in the single-family mortgage portfolio that have more than 60% LTV. So it is actually quite comfortable to make any kind of payment deferral arrangement because if we tack on these additional deferrals and the LTV would still be extraordinarily low, so the loss likelihood is zero. And we have very similar situation for our commercial real estate, obviously, with that very low LTV again all across the board. Again, any kind of deferral if we need to make, it really doesn't make any difference in terms of potential losses going forward. So we are very comfortable about working with these customers to help them on this temporary transition. Frankly, many of our commercial customers in the, let's say, hotels and restaurant business do get PPP so that they will be able to get by with the PPP funding for the next two months or so. So hopefully, they would not even need to get much help from us. We'll see. As a reminder, if you would like to ask a question, please press star then one. Our next question comes from Dave Rochester of Compass Point. Please go ahead with your question. Hey, good morning, guys. Good morning, Dave. I appreciated all the color on some of the social distancing exposures in the deck. Was just wondering if you had your total for leverage loans as well. Just to follow up on energy credit, how far along are you guys in that spring redetermination process, and how much are you seeing those lines come in as a part of that, and where is your price deck now? Thanks. Dave, I'll start with the leverage lending exposure. As of 3/31, we had about $1 billion in leverage lending. Historically, and kind of related to that, we've had a Term B portfolio, and that as of 3/31 was $960 million. Obviously, the leverage lending and the Term B portfolio correlate quite a bit together. On the energy loans and kind of the spring redetermination, we've started that process from our conversations and the feedback we're getting from the team. We're on the evaluation that we're doing about 20% in. Some of those lines certainly have been cut, and we expect that that will continue. Our final question today comes from Lana Chan as a follow-up with BMO. Please go ahead with your question. Hi, thank you. Just wanted to follow up about plans for continuing with the stock buyback given the COVID-19 situation. Well, we obviously have plenty of capital, in fact. Finally, I think in early March, we made the announcement of the buyback program. It didn't last long because by the time we got through less than 2 weeks, it's earnings period coming soon. So we're in the dark period and then weren't able to execute. In the meantime, right around the same time, we all get locked down and sit at home. From that perspective, I think that we will continue to evaluate with our board. I mean, we already got the authorization of $500 million. We have only used up $100 some odd million. We still have plenty of capital. At this stage right now, we will continue to evaluate. If we feel that the stock price is at the level that warrants for us to potentially do more buyback, we would definitely consider that. We'll just take it week by week, and then look at the market condition and then go from there. I think the beauty is that we have the ability to do it, and we have plenty of capital to do it. We also don't have to do it because our profitability is still pretty strong right now. This concludes our question and answer session. I would now like to turn the conference back over to Dominic for any closing remarks. Well, once again, I want to thank every one of you on getting on the call. It's a really challenging time for a lot of people due to the pandemic that's going on and affecting people's life. We hope that in July when we have our calls, everything get back a little bit more than normal. Hopefully, at that time, we'll have a much more positive conversation we can talk about. Looking forward to talking to all of you in July. Thank you. The conference is now concluded. Thank you very much for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.