Good day. Thank you for standing by, and welcome to the Fluent Inc. first quarter 2023 earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are on a listen-only mode. Later on, we will have a Q&A session. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to introduce your host for today's call, Dan Barsky. Please go ahead.
Good afternoon, and welcome. Thank you for joining us to discuss our first quarter 2023 earnings results. With me today are Fluent CEO, Don Patrick, Interim CFO, Ryan Perfit, and Chief Strategy Officer, Ryan Schulke. Our call today will begin with comments from Don and Ryan Perfit, followed by a question-and-answer session. I would like to remind you that this call is being webcast live and recorded. A replay of the event will be available following the call on our website. To access the webcast, please visit our investor relations page on our website, www.fluentco.com. Before we begin, I would like to advise listeners that certain information discussed by management during this conference call will contain certain forward-looking statements covered under the Safe Harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any forward-looking statements made during this call speak only as of the date hereof.
Actual results could differ materially from those stated or implied by our forward-looking statements due to risks and uncertainties associated with the company's business. These statements may be identified by words such as expects, plans, projects, could, will, estimates, and other words of similar meaning. The company undertakes no obligation to update the information provided on this call. For a discussion of the risks and uncertainty associated with Fluent's business, we encourage you to review the company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the company's most recent annual report on Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. During this call, we will also present certain non-GAAP financial information related to media margin, adjusted EBITDA, and adjusted net income. Management evaluates the financial performance of our business on a variety of indicators, including these non-GAAP metrics.
The definition of these metrics and reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures are provided in the earnings press release issued earlier today. With that, I'm pleased to introduce Fluent CEO, Don Patrick.
Thank you, Dan. Good afternoon. Thank you all for joining our call today. I'm here together with Ryan Schulke, our chief strategy officer, chairman of the board, and company founder, and Ryan Perfit, our interim chief financial officer. I'll make some brief comments about our first quarter results that continue to reinforce the imperative behind quality as our North Star. Our foundational commitment to enhance the quality of consumer engagement within our performance marketplace is an investment we believe is unequivocally worth making, and this reality is indeed reflected in our Q1 results. We will remain committed that this is a strategic course required for sustainable revenue growth. Concurrently, the infrastructure we're presently laying in place will yield increased profitability along with margin expansion in future quarters. Succinctly stated, higher quality content strengthens the connectivity in c-client partnerships. It's also worth a premium price in the marketplace.
We remain steadfast that as we crystallize our strategies is our focused execution in the marketplace that will enhance Fluent's brand equity, both with consumers and our clients, while creating greater shareholder value. We continue to accelerate against our strategic agenda and are enthusiastic about our course. Like so many in our industry, we're facing challenging macroeconomic period compounded by evolving regulatory environment that has us proactively pausing on revenue and profit opportunities while we research their long-term viability, even though at immediate term expense of our top and bottom line. To be clear, our goal is to position Fluent at the forefront of our industry in establishing leading-edge compliance standards versus following the competitive majority who regrettably and sometimes unabashedly operate with less compliant protocols. We saw our opportunity improve, so we chose to lead and are forging ahead with that core fiber in place.
In this market context, I'll also update you on the disciplined progress we continue to make against our strategic priorities, along with the required tactical enhancements we're making to continue upgrading our consumer solutions. Execution against these initiatives has us encouraged by significant positive feedback we're receiving from our consumers, along with the improving financial trend line of our performance marketplace that started at the end of Q1 and where momentum is continuing into Q2. Our Q1 2023 results reflect the current strong headwinds I've outlined and are consistent with the more cautious near-term business roadmap we laid out in previous earnings releases. Financial results were as follows. Revenue was $77.3 million, representing a 13% year-over-year decline.
We continue to see parallel levels of unpredictability as the digital advertising industry, with consumers and clients pausing to assess the personal and professional uncertainty in their lives and the road ahead. Our media margin of $21.9 million, a 15% year-over-year decline. At 29.1% of revenue, our media margin percentage did expand quarter-over-quarter as we focused on some of our early-stage business opportunities that are showing long-term progress. Our business units also exhibited proficiency in managing our margin mix. Adjusted EBITDA of $0.5 million represent 0.6% of revenue. This reflects both our ongoing strategic investments in our growth opportunities, as well as the impact of the additional quality initiatives we proactively implemented in the last two quarters as we continue to learn and react on the regulatory front.
Q1 results were directly impacted by our conscious, strategic, and financial decisions to forgo certain revenue streams that we felt may not meet our evolving quality standards in our job business. More importantly, we are confident that this path represents a more sustainable growth in future quarters that is margin accretive. This creates positive long-term implications for our jobs platform as we pivoted our business model to strengthen our strategic integration with our client partners. In concert, we improved the quality of the consumer experience along with our ability to build a long-term relationship with potential job seekers. The online recruitment industry, led by Fluent, continues to proactively respond to changing regulatory considerations and guidelines.
Given the enhanced functionality of our new jobs technology platform, we see this as an opportune environment to invest and build a more strategically sustainable business that differentiates us from our competitors while also makes a more value-added partner for our clients. We see this business regaining growth trajectory within the next two to three quarters. Fluent has a proven track record of pivoting our performance marketplace to leverage higher quality consumer engagement. This positively impacts our long-term business while leading us to develop deeper strategic relationships with both consumers and world-class brands. We are seeing the same strategic benefit within our new jobs business platform, key strategic brand partners are already leaning in. More to follow regarding the progress on the strategic front next quarter.
As we previously identified in Q1, we continue to see our clients' consumer acquisition strategies shift from growth and Return on Ad Spend to clear prioritizations on Return on Ad Spend due to the continued consumer volatility in the market. While Fluent's performance marketplace is well-positioned to respond to these shifts by managing media margin mix, our Q1 margin was impacted primarily based on certain media cost increases in our core rewards business. These increases were above historical seasonal norms on the social media platforms, which is an industry-wide reality. We did see this trend abate late in Q1, returning to industry norms, which we see as a positive signal moving forward. While we have much more to articulate in subsequent quarters, we are energetically building out several strategic relevant, yet smaller business units that represent excellent long-term growth potential with margins that exceed our Fluent core.
We are quite pleased that they performed notably well during the quarter, strategically and financially. In particular, our Call Solutions and our influencer business both grew revenue and profit double digits year-over-year in a trend that we see continuing. We are energized that these businesses continue to perform as we projected as they will strategically enhance Fluent's total value proposition with consumers and clients and ultimately shareholders. Importantly, and as a direct result of our strategic initiatives and the proactive quality enhancements we continue to make, we're encouraged by significant positive trend line in our performance marketplace that started at the end of Q1 and where momentum is continuing into Q2. This is despite the economic turbulence and the regulatory realities that require industry and Fluent to be fluid in continually assessing course while making strategic decisions moving forward.
We have more exciting initiatives in mid-stage development that have broad-based revenue and profit impact across the entire enterprise. Of compelling strategic relevance and where we are enthusiastically accelerating our investment is in the strengthening our data to insights performance model and what most of our strategic partners see as the Holy Grail. This is not just leading edge capability that separates us from our competitive set, it also strengthens and expands our client partnerships with world-class brands. Our most strategic partners in key verticals have continued to invest more aggressively with us and would share critical client data, which enables our performance marketplace to analyze real-time consumer behavior, providing insights to share along with the ability to see direct connection between the Fluent consumer and our client brand.
This is a major strategic undertaking with high potential applicability across multiple business units. In turn, Fluent's platform is leveraging these consumer insights to fuel our media spend while generating more targeted ad serving, while enhancing the consumer experience, while breeding higher levels of satisfaction. This not only improves our brand partners' Return on Ad Spend, it also validates Fluent's growing equity in the marketplace, further solidifying the value of the client-Fluent partnership. We see this initiative as redefining win-win-win for the consumer, our clients, and for Fluent, as it is an initiative that also allows us to expand our margins. Exciting developments to follow here. Yet another early mid-stage win where we're seeing compelling results is through accelerating our media footprint via spending on social channels, especially against the emerging channel of influencers.
This is a strategy where we're developing more strategic relationships with those who are motivated to leverage our expanding best-in-class capabilities. The influencer marketplace is growing significantly given influencers' ability to affect consumer behavior and impact trends and demand for products and services in a variety of verticals based on the consumer trust they earn. By leveraging Fluent's proprietary influencer platform with functionality and tools that support influencer effectiveness, we're ensuring high-quality consumer experiences for our clients. Importantly, we're building differentiated market capabilities that improve the influencer experience while enhancing consumer engagement and satisfaction. Net influencers are a growing and increasingly important industry channel for customer acquisition, and we will continue to evolve and invest in this opportunity. As we expand our strategic growth platforms with early success indicators I've outlined, we're buoyed by the fact that we are also seeing media costs return to more historical norms.
On a corresponding basis, our ability to successfully manage our media mix within our performance marketplace has shown meaningful improvement as well. Certainly, we've had a challenging Q1, but the strategic moves we're making and executing against are definitive and without hesitation, and we believe double-digit sequential quarterly revenue and profit growth will return in Q2. This is a key deliverable as we look for our 2023 annual financial results to show growth at or above industry growth rates with sequential margin improvement over the fiscal year. In turn, we will continue to appropriately invest in our growth agenda, quality as our North Star, and with a higher quality consumer experience as our scorecard.
We've invested aggressively in our forward path and remain confident that the fundamentals that we've continued to put in place over the last fiscal year will pay longer-term strategic and financial dividends regardless of elevating consumer expectations, coupled with the uncertainty of the more stringent regulatory environment. Ultimately, market conditions will improve, and the new consumer norm will prevail. In the immediate term, we'll continue to crystallize our strategy while managing the mix across different business units as a clear path to deliver our margin expansion goals. With that, I'll turn to Ryan to provide more detail of our financial results.
Thanks, Don, and good afternoon, everyone. I'll now dive into our Q1 results. For the quarter, the company generated $77.3 million of revenue, down 13% year-over-year and down 9% sequentially from Q4, and in line with expectations. As Don mentioned, Q1 continued to be affected by unpredictability in the broader digital advertising industry, along with proactive regulatory changes in the jobs business. In our core business, we saw growth in segments of the media and entertainment sector offset by declines in other segments of the media and entertainment sector and the staffing and recruitment and financial products and services sector. We continue to be encouraged by the growth of our Call Solutions and influencer businesses. In Q2, we've seen an easing of the macroeconomic headwinds and improved media pricing.
Although we haven't historically experienced sequential seasonal increases in Q2, we are seeing similar trends to 2022 and anticipate revenue to be up low double digits sequentially as compared to the first quarter. Our expanded media footprint in the influencer channel has been a key to growth in Q2 and will continue to drive growth in 2023. Our media margin in Q1 of $22 million represented 15% year-over-year decline and 28.4% of revenue. The first quarter decline was largely a factor of the previously mentioned ad spend challenges not being offset by a lower cost of media.
Media margin as a percentage of revenue did increase sequentially from Q4 2022, and we expect better media pricing and continued growth and efficiency of our early-stage business opportunities to drive media margin and media margin as a percentage of revenue higher again in Q2 as compared to Q1. Our operating expenses on a GAAP basis in aggregate for Q1 were $22.1 million, up $2.4 million year-over-year. In Q1, we completed a reduction in headcount and are continuing to review strategic investments and operating expenses given the current environment. $480,000 of severance costs related to the reduction are included in our operating expenses, but excluded from adjusted EBITDA.
In the first quarter, the G&A includes certain litigation and related costs of $1.4 million and $623,000 of accrued compensation expense relating to the Winopoly and True North acquisitions. These costs are outside of the ordinary course of business and are excluded from our adjusted EBITDA. As detailed in our 10-Q filing, the company determined the decline in our market cap from Q4 represented a triggering event and an indication of impairment of our goodwill. Based on an analysis, the company recorded a non-cash impairment charge to goodwill associated with the acquisition of the Fluent operating business in 2015 of $25.7 million in the first quarter. The non-cash impairment charge is excluded from our adjusted EBITDA and has no impact on our operations or liquidity.
Q1 adjusted EBITDA of $448,000 represents 0.6% of revenue, a year-over-year decline of $4.3 million, an effect of the year-over-year decrease in media margin, coupled with the year-over-year increase in operating expenses. In the second quarter, we expect adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue to return to historical norms in the mid-single digits. The company cannot provide a reconciliation to expected net income or net loss in Q2 due to the unknown effect, timing, and potential significance of certain operating costs and expenses, share-based compensation expense, and the provision for or benefit from income taxes. First quarter net interest expense increased by $305,000 to $689,000 as an effect of increased rates. For the quarter, provision for income taxes was $101,000.
We reported a net loss of $31.9 million and an adjusted net loss, a non-GAAP measure, of $2.7 million or $0.03 per share. Our non-GAAP metrics are reconciled in today's earnings release and 10-Q filing. Turning to the balance sheet, we ended the quarter with $26.6 million of cash and cash equivalents, up $1 million from year-end 2022. Working capital, defined as current assets minus current liabilities, ended the quarter at $34.4 million, down $12.2 million year-over-year and $7.6 million sequentially from Q4. Total debt, as reflected on the balance sheet, ended the quarter at $39.4 million. Our debt balance has declined by $4.7 million as compared with the prior year balance sheet.
Over the quarter, we invested $1.1 million into capitalized product development and technology and $1.3 million into acquisition-related costs, compared to $1.1 million and $1 million, respectively, in Q1 2022. As a management team, we remain focused on sourcing high-quality traffic and creating quality consumer experiences in an effort to increase Return on Ad Spend for our clients. We're committed to the strategy, and we'll continue to invest in strengthening the fundamentals and increasing monetization across the business. We're confident in our ability to execute on the goals in front of us. We appreciate your support. We're happy to take questions at this time.
Thank you. As a reminder, to ask a question, please press star one one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster, and one moment for our first question. Our first question comes from Maria Ripps from Canaccord. Your line is now open.
Good afternoon, and thanks for taking my questions. First, Don, you mentioned regulatory considerations sort of creating some near-term headwinds here. Can you maybe just expand on that a little bit? Are there any recent sort of incremental developments on that front? Do you expect these headwinds to continue for some time here?
Yep. Hi, Maria. Thanks, thanks for the question. Regarding specific regulatory headwinds, we certainly call out the jobs business that we've reacted positively to and aggressively to in terms of how we have pivoted the business. Our jobs business we've had for over seven years. It's very focused on the hourly worker and connecting them to world-class brands in e-commerce, retail, transportation, and hospitality. The regulatory environment has changed, and the agencies have been more scrutinized around, you know, protecting data privacy, especially around the consumer potential vulnerability about being out of work and looking for work and around the data privacy issue. We have proactively re-pivoted the whole business and certainly upped the regulatory game around the data privacy side.
The big driver behind that, which we talked about in last quarter, was around our platform, a re-platforming of that job business that allows us to drive much more targeted ads, much more relevant ads to the job seeker and also deeper integration with our partners. That is the primary headwind that we really took on. It was sort of in the end of Q4 and the beginning of Q1 and to the end of Q1. Specifically, Maria, around overall regulatory.
You know, we're in our third year of what we'll call our traffic quality initiative. You guys remember in end of 2020, we took an aggressive stance to make sure that we were ahead of that game. It continues to evolve. It continues to be a moving part between the various agencies. As we've focused 100% on quality and that the higher the quality consumer will drive the higher quality engagement and better with our brands, we feel that we have the right business model and the right flywheel to manage through those headwinds.
Got it. Thank you. That's very helpful. I just wanted to maybe get a little bit more color around your efforts to develop influencer, channel a little bit more here. Can you maybe expand on your progress there? How much work is still left to complete on that front? Broadly, what kind of media margins do you see there today versus where that channel can be over time?
Yep. Thanks. Yep, it's a very exciting initiative that we again, touched on last quarter. you know, influencer has been around for a long time. It's a huge market. I think most stats, it's a $16 billion market growing at 30%. The more intriguing thing for us is that most consumers, you know, 49% of the consumers depend on influencers opinion when they start to purchase goods or services. That type of impact and that number is growing, so it's significant in terms of the impact on the consumer acquisition side of our business. In essence, what we've done, and we did this last year, we built a technology platform that is basically a marketplace for influencers. We connect influencers with our rewards products and services.
We help them determine how to market it, they can exchange to that, and they also can get paid immediately off of that. It's still a performance model. Most importantly, we safeguard the brand and can provide the right sort of brand safety into those influencers, which has been the primary issue around brands and why they haven't gone more heavily into influencers. We think we solved some pretty big solutions there for brands. From a margin perspective, it is above our current rewards model. We think as we lean into it and we continue to grow, we believe that that margin can expand over time.
Got it. Thank you very much. Appreciate the color.
Thanks, Maria.
Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from James Goss from Barrington Research. Your line is now open.
Okay, good afternoon. I was wondering, as you talk about this process you're going through, how much time do you think you have in terms of, you know, moving things around? You did point out the better second quarter revenue, maybe that's the start. How will we recognize the term? Maybe that's what you're looking at. Does the financial pressure you've had and the low stock price cause any businesses to express caution about working with you? Is that just something not part of that process?
Hi, Jim. Thanks for the question. Specifically around just the general business momentum. In Q1, we sort of had 3 big trends, two which are very much correlated. The macroeconomic environment, which we've talked about, obviously, shifted most of our brands from, you know, growth and Return on Ad Spend towards that Return on Ad Spend. That doesn't really drive specific budget declines for us, but tends to, it tends to put margin pressure on us. In historical terms, when demand is lower, media costs tend to go down. We've been very open that in Q4 and in most of Q1, we did not see that correlation. In fact, you know, the demand went down, media costs against certain billable platforms went up. We did.
The good news is we did see that shift in the correlation come back into play at the very end of Q1, and it continued on in Q2. We feel that the historical correlation between demand and margin is back in place and will allow us to manage our mix and our margin successfully moving forward. The second big place was around the jobs, and where we proactively took revenue and profit off the board in order to better position that strategically, which we believe will be not only more valuable, but much more, we'll be able to grab market share as these regulatory changes come in.
We those three things, along with the things we talked about around influencer, and the things we talked around our initiative around the ROAS, the data insights, we believe will put us with good momentum into Q2 and through the rest of the year. Regarding financial pressure and stock price, you know, we are obviously extremely committed to our stock price and getting it up, but we think long term, you know, delivering the right sort of financial results with the right strategy and sustainability, will drive that and will take care of itself.
Okay. You talked about sort of foregoing certain revenue streams. Could you elaborate on that a little bit? Sort of a separate thing. Online recruitment. You talked about leading the charge on that. Is that your key vertical at this stage, would you guess?
No. Thanks, Jim. It's not a key vertical, but it is meaningful to us. Again, we've had the online recruitment jobs business for over 7 years and have built it very successfully. We've always been leading the regulatory and the compliance piece. We so again saw a number of changes coming, decided to be proactive like we have historically with our other businesses. The primary revenue and gross profit we took off the board in Q1 came from that jobs business, and it was primarily around partners that would not adhere to our higher levels of compliance. We decided that to part ways with them and build deeper relationship with other partners that would adhere to that compliance.
All right. Thank you.
Thank you.
Thanks, Jim.
One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Bill Dezellem from Tieton Capital Management .
Thank you. I believe in your opening remarks you referenced the performance marketplace and the influencer market both showing strength as you exited the first quarter and came into second quarter. Would you please expand on what you were seeing there?
Sure. Hey, Bill. How are you? I appreciate the question. From a momentum perspective, it was what I was mentioning to Jim, the headwinds that we had, which were primarily around the macroeconomic headwinds in the marketplace still exists. What we're seeing in the primary performance is that we're starting to see the correlation between lower demand and the media costs getting more in line, which allows us to manage our margin successfully. That trend has been around for the 12 years since Fluent's been in business, but there has been a, you know, The correlation has not been as strong over the last sort of quarter and a half, and things have come back into the right historical norms for that piece.
On the influencer business, it has been really, you know, it's a business that we launched towards the end of last year. It's taken a while to get the KPIs right and get the margin and get the business operating protocols in place. We now believe we have the KPIs right and we have the right protocols, and that's something that we are aggressively investing in to grow our business. Those are things that have really grown the momentum and pushed that momentum into Q2. The last piece, you know, Bill, that we've talked about is, which I think I do wanna touch on, which is critical, is we talked about Return on Ad Spend.
The beauty of the Fluent marketplace is that you can connect exactly on how we look to bring a consumer on and what connects that with one of our brand partners. Our most strategic partners now are leaning in, and they're giving more data to us on what happens after that action. If we work with a top, you know, media and entertainment company, they, we might get paid on an action after someone's been a subscriber for 3 months. We see all that data from when the consumer comes onto our marketplace until that 3 months. The most strategic clients we have, and this has been something which we've been pushing aggressively for the last really 4 to 5 months, is asking for data after those 3 months.
How long does that consumer la-- stay subscribed? Is it a year? Is it two years? What's their demographics? What's their segmentation? How do we then bring that back into the marketplace, so we can intelligently buy media more effectively, but equally and much more strategically more important, drive better Return on Ad Spend for the client? That is the last piece that has started to kick in towards the end of Q1 with that momentum around the data insights, beyond the performance action which we're quite bullish about.
Great. Thank you, Don.
Thanks, Bill.
Thank you. I am showing no further questions. I would now like to turn the call back over to Don Patrick for closing remarks.
Thank you for joining our Q1 2023 earnings. We remain steadfast in our strategies as quality is our North Star, and we're focused on execution in the marketplace that will enhance Fluent's brand equity and while creating greater shareholder value. We all thank you for your continued support, and we look forward to giving you an update on our progress after Q2. Thank you.
This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now dis-