Good day, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Ingredion Incorporated Fourth Quarter 2023 earnings call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. To ask a question during the session, you'll need to "press star one one" on your telephone. You will then hear an automated message advising your hand is raised. To withdraw your question, "please press star one one" again. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to your host today, Noah Weiss, Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
Good morning, and welcome to Ingredion's fourth quarter and full year 2023 earnings call. I'm Noah Weiss, Vice President of Investor Relations. Joining me today, on today's call are Jim Zallie, Vice President and CEO, and Jim Gray, our Executive Vice President and CFO. The press release we issued today, as well as the presentation we will reference for our fourth quarter and full-year results, can be found on our website, ingredion.com, in the Investors section. As a reminder, our comments within the presentation may contain forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties and include expectations and assumptions regarding the company's future operations and financial performance. Actual results could differ materially from these, from those estimated in the forward-looking statements, and Ingredion assumes no obligation to update them in the future as or if circumstances change.
Additional information concerning factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed during today's call or in this morning's press release can be found in the company's most recently filed annual report on Form 10-K and subsequent reports on Form 10-Q and 8-K. During this call, we will also refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted earnings per share, adjusted operating income, and adjusted effective tax rate, which are reconciled to US GAAP measures in Note 2, non-GAAP information included in our press release and in today's presentations appendix. With that, I will turn the call over to Jim Zallie.
Thank you, Noah, and good morning, everyone. Our business performed exceptionally well in 2023, surpassing several key financial records with solid net sales, very strong profitability, and robust cash flow, as well as outstanding company performance across safety, environmental, and importantly, service delivery. For the full year, we increased our net sales 3% and our adjusted operating income by 23% as we managed raw material volatility and took pricing actions and proactive cost-saving measures. As we look ahead to 2024, we are well positioned to deliver further financial growth on top of 2023's remarkably strong results and are confident that our new segmentation will better align our resources and capabilities with customers' needs to realize further growth opportunities. Let me update you now on progress against our four strategic pillars. Beginning with specialty ingredients.
Full-year net sales grew by 4%, and specialty growth contributed to gross margin expansion. At the end of 2023, specialty ingredients represented 34% of consolidated net sales. Performance highlights included food systems, driven by strong private label demand, and pharma and personal care, driven by continued wellness trends, each demonstrating strong top-line growth for 2023. Turning to commercial excellence. Throughout the year, our technical service teams engaged regularly with customers to co-create and provide the best ingredient solutions for their application. We were pleased to see a 26% increase in customer engagements, both in person at our Idea Labs and virtually through our Digital Connect Studios. We believe this demonstrates a recognition by our customers, not only of our capabilities, but also their need to innovate to drive volume growth.
We also advanced our go-to-market capabilities through global training and consultative selling, with a focus on consumer trends that continually drive our business, including protein and fiber fortification, clean labeling, and sugar reduction. By giving our teams the tools and information they need to help customers innovate around these trends in real time, we have been able to improve our Net Promoter Scores, something that we regularly track. Adding to this, our investment in supply chain systems have improved on-time delivery each quarter as we progressed through 2023, giving our customers confidence that our supply chain can support just-in-time demand. In the area of cost competitiveness, we invested in our procurement capabilities, completed a redesign of the team, and have provided global training globally in category management. The team has done an outstanding job of leveraging ingredient scale and implementing best practices.
We are beginning to see significant value creation through real year-over-year savings, risk reduction, and improved supplier collaborations. I also want to emphasize the outstanding work that our operations team has done to ensure the safety of our employees and contractors this year. Ingredion has always been a leader in safety performance, but this year we have achieved a notable improvement in reducing the number of recordable and lost time incidents. As 2023 developed, we experienced softer customer demand. Our supply chain and operations teams responded quickly by adjusting production schedules, which enabled us to end the year with a well-balanced inventory level. As we absorbed greater fixed costs in 2023, we feel that we are well-positioned in 2024 as volumes recover, to obtain leverage from our operations and lower manufacturing costs.
Finally, acknowledging our purpose-driven and people-centric growth culture, I'm proud to report that we earned a perfect score in the Human Rights Campaign Foundation's Corporate Equality Index for 2023. We are also happy to announce that we were once again recognized on Fortune's Most Admired Companies list, ranking in the top five of the food production category. Regarding progress against our sustainability agenda, in 2023, we reached a new milestone, with 66% of our five priority crops being sustainably sourced. We are on track to meet our 2025 commitment of 100% sustainable sourcing. Also, we continue to expand our regenerative agriculture program with customers, resulting in an 85% year-over-year increase in acreage. Regenerative agriculture is currently seen as one of the most promising mechanisms for on-farm carbon reductions to help all companies in the food supply chain to reduce their Scope 3 footprint.
Turning now to gross margins. During 2023, we improved gross profit margins by 260 basis points to 21.4%, which demonstrates that our pricing actions and proactive cost savings initiatives have absorbed the inflation of the last three years. The gross profit margin improvement was achieved despite declining customer demand and necessary actions by our operations teams to slow production, resulting in higher fixed costs. It's worth noting that this is the sixth consecutive quarter of gross margin growth. I'd like to highlight that 2023 has been a record year for the company across a number of important financial metrics. We have increased our sales to $8.2 billion, which is an all-time high. We delivered $969 million of operating income, up 23%, which is also a record high.
Adjusted EPS grew to $9.42, which is the most ever and 26% higher than last year. As changes in working capital investments turn favorable, we delivered cash from operations of over $1 billion. These combined results delivered a positive return for shareholders with 15% total shareholder return. Now, I will hand it over to Jim Gray for the financial review and 2024 outlook. Jim?
Thank you, Jim, and good morning to everyone. Moving to our income statement. While net sales of approximately $2 billion were down 3% for the quarter versus prior year, gross profit dollars grew 14%, with gross margins greater than 20% again this quarter. Recorded and adjusted operating income were $202 million and $203 million, respectively. The increases were driven by lower input costs and favorable price mix, partially offset by lower volumes. For the fourth quarter, it is worth noting that South America growth was driven primarily by favorable foreign exchange impacts and strong performance in our Argentina JV. That said, our Q4 JV results lag one month in financial reporting, so the devaluation of the peso will impact our Q1 2024 outlook, which I will comment on later.
Our fourth quarter reported and adjusted earnings per share were $1.97 for the period, each up more than 15% from the prior year. Turning to our Q4 net sales bridge. The 3% decrease in net sales was driven by $148 million in lower volumes, partially offset by price mix of $63 million, along with a positive foreign exchange impact of $19 million. I would like to comment on volume trends in the quarter. Here, we show a volume index based upon our 2019 quarterly shipment averages, which excludes high fructose corn syrup and adjusts for changes in the portfolio since 2019. This graph illustrates the extraordinary volume demand in 2021 and 2022 in reaction to constrained supply chains globally.
In the middle quarters of 2023, we experienced a drop in orders as customers drew down inventories, primarily in our Texture products. We have seen a gradual increase in order volumes through November. In December, order volumes slowed, representing two-thirds of the fourth quarter's sales volume decline, as customers anticipated lower prices in their contracts beginning in January. We anticipate a gradual improvement in volumes this year and have already seen strong demand in January deliveries. Turning to the next slide, we highlight net sales drivers for the fourth quarter. Foreign exchange was a 1% tailwind again this quarter, as South America saw strengthening of the Brazilian real and Colombian peso, partially offsetting the FX-related impact in EMEA, mainly in Pakistan. Sales volume was down 7%, but again, sequentially better than the third quarter as customers finished working through the destocking of inventory.
As I highlighted previously, the fourth quarter sales volume headwinds were most evident in EMEA and North America. Both regions experiencing a December pause in orders as new contracts and lower pricing levels became effective in January. Price mix was up 3% due to price and customer mix optimization compared to the fourth quarter of 2022. The decrease of 18% for South America was driven by lower corn prices resulting from Brazil's larger harvest. Turning to our earnings bridge slide. On the left side, you can see the reconciliation from reported to adjusted earnings per share. On the right side, operationally, we saw an increase of $0.41 per share for the quarter. The increase was driven primarily by an operating margin increase of $0.94, partially offset by unfavorable volume of -$0.76 per share.
Moving to our non-operational items, we had a decrease of $0.09 per share in the quarter, which was primarily driven by a lapse of lower tax rates from Q4 2022. Full-year net sales of $8.2 billion were up 3% versus prior year. Gross profit margin was 21.4%, up 260 basis points. Full-year reported operating income was $957 million, and adjusted operating income was $969 million. Reported operating income was lower than adjusted operating income, primarily due to impairments of minority equity or venture investments. Our full-year reported earnings per share was $9.60, and adjusted earnings per share was $9.42. Reported EPS was higher than adjusted EPS, primarily due to the tax benefits from the valuation of the Mexican peso against the US dollar.
Turning to our full-year net sales bridge, the 3% increase in net sales was driven by $943 million of price mix, partially offset by lower sales volumes of $648 million, along with a negative foreign exchange impact of $81 million. Turning to the next slide, we highlight net sales drivers for the full year. Foreign exchange was a -1% headwind for the full year, as the impact in EMEA, mainly in Pakistan, and various currencies in Asia-Pacific, were only partially offset by South America. Sales volume was down 8% as order volume was slower as customers destocked inventories built up over the last several years. Price mix was up 12% due to price and customer mix optimization compared to the full year of 2022. Turning to our full-year earnings bridge.
On the left side of the page, you can see the reconciliation from reported to adjusted. On the right side, operationally, we saw an increase of $1.99 per share for the full year. The increase was driven by margin improvement of $3.78, offset primarily by lower volumes of $1.65 and foreign exchange of $0.16 per share. Moving to our non-operational items, we saw a decrease of $0.02 per share for the full year due to higher financing costs of $0.21 per share and other non-operating income of -$0.10 per share, partially offset by a $0.28 per share tax benefit. As a follow-on note, on February first, we completed the sale of our South Korea business for $294 million.
Korea business results contributed $0.47 and $0.45 to reported and adjusted EPS, respectively. We have adjusted our 2024 outlook considering this impact. Moving to cash flow. Year-to-date cash from operations was just over $1 billion. As we progress through 2023, raw material costs peaked and started to decline with a clearer understanding of the size of the U.S. crop. Declining input costs eventually rolled through to our pricing, which will drive lower inventory values and lower accounts receivable balances. This net change impacted our ending balance sheet favorably, resulting in a recovery of working capital, which contributed positively to our cash from operations. Net capital expenditures were $314 million and in line with our full-year expectations. We continue to prioritize return of capital to shareholders in our capital allocation choices.
During 2023, we increased the per-share dividend rate for the ninth consecutive year, and we repurchased $101 million of outstanding common shares. As we look forward, our capital allocation priorities continue to be, first, organic growth and reliability investments into our global manufacturing network. Second, a return to shareholders through our dividend. And third, strategic deployment of cash into M&A to accelerate our ingredient solution strategy or opportunistically repurchase shares. Let me turn to our outlook for 2024. It might be helpful to note three drivers of our financial performance before I speak specifically to our 2024 outlook. First, our pricing is anticipatory of raw material cost outlay in the coming year. In 2023, we anticipated rising costs and were catching up with the prior year's inflation in energy and other areas, so we carried strong price mix into 2023.
During 2023, we witnessed a shift in the corn cost outlook, which implies that we will see some lower price mix through 2024 as we pass along lower raw material costs to our more fee-based customers. This is a normal expectation for our business model. Second, the change in the cost of corn and co-product values impacts how we begin each year with hedge values. Going into 2023, the hedge value that we carried into quarter one was approximately $11 million of realized hedge value gains. This year, we are seeing a swing, with approximately $20 million of realized hedge value losses carrying into the first quarter of 2024. This expectation follows from declining corn costs and our hedge practices. Third, our volume expectation impacts our plant utilization and ultimately, our manufacturing costs.
For 2024, we expect greater volume demand and improvement in manufactured cost per ton. In total, for the year, our goal is to continue to grow our gross profit dollars by way of managing higher gross profit dollars per ton. The layout for margin change across 2024 will be highlighted by lower margin in the first quarter, as we have set prices in anticipation of full-year corn cost layout and are carrying into quarter one higher corn value as realized hedges work through COGS. We anticipate, as lower corn costs work through Q2 through Q4, that net margins will continue to improve. Excluding the impact of the Korea divestiture from our outlook, we expect net sales to be flat to up low single digits, reflecting improved volume demand, partially offset by a decline in price mix, driven by lower raw material prices.
We anticipate that adjusted operating income will be up mid-single digits with year-over-year growth in Q2 through Q4. For the full year of 2024, we expect a reported and adjusted effective tax rates of 24%-26% and 25.5%-26.5%, respectively. The company expects its full-year reported EPS to be in the range of $10.20-$11.15, including the anticipated net gain from the sale of the Korea business. For the full year, we expect adjusted EPS to be in the range of $9.15-$9.85, excluding the effects of the Korea divestiture. We expect the diluted weighted average shares outstanding to be between 66 and 67 million shares.
2024 cash from operations is expected to be in the range of $750 million-$900 million, and capital expenditures for the same period are expected to be approximately $340 million. Corporate costs are expected to be up low single digits. For the first quarter of 2024, we expect net sales to be down modestly, with a mid-single-digit decline versus the first quarter of 2023, which reflects lower pricing as corn costs are passed through, as well as a relatively challenging lap from the prior year in EMEA due to extraordinary pricing to catch up with energy and input cost inflation. For adjusted operating income, we anticipate a double-digit decline of -25% to -35%, driven by three factors. First, we are running with less volume in production than first quarter last year.
We expect volume demand to improve in Q2 and beyond. Second, the carry-in of corn costs and hedge values presents a $30 million swing in profit margin quarter over quarter. The layout of corn will present lower corn costs through the year and support margin expansion for the balance of the year. And third, the devaluation of the official Argentine peso exchange rate will have a $15 million hyperinflation impact in January. As you can see from this page, our expectation for Q1 profit would be relatively in line with the historic trend, excluding the very unique set of circumstances in Q1 2023. That concludes my comments, and I'll hand back to Jim.
Thanks, Jim. We delivered a record year in 2023, with strong profit growth and year-over-year gross margin expansion, and we generated record cash from operations of over $1 billion, and we invested prudently in our strategic priorities. We believe that the customer inventory correction that started back in the first quarter of 2023 has largely run its course, and we are well-positioned to capture incremental volume opportunities as they arise in 2024. It is with this backdrop that we enter 2024 with a view to continued profit growth, reflecting greater volume demand, along with a focus on cost savings and operational excellence. We remain confident in our long-term growth targets and our ability to create value for shareholders. Before closing, let me take a moment to highlight the transformational journey that Ingredion has been on.
As you may know, Ingredion has been providing customers with ingredients and solutions for more than a century, and we have successfully adapted to changing market conditions throughout our history, and we continually position ourselves for long-term success as market conditions and consumer trends change. This time is no different. As a natural outgrowth to our transformation, we announced last November plans to reorganize our business operations, which will result in a change to our reportable business segments. Texture and Healthful Solutions will have a global mandate, while our F ood and Industrial Ingredients businesses will have a regional and local focus. The new structure creates greater transparency into our product capabilities, aligns our commercial teams to serve customers better, and provides greater insight to shareholders. We believe this move is the next logical step in a long history of adapting to changing market conditions in the pursuit of long-term growth.
Now, let's open the call for questions.
Just a reminder, if you'd like to ask a question at this time, "please press star one, one" on your touchtone telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, "please press star one, one" again. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. Our first question will come from the line of Ben Bienvenu with Stephens.
Hey, good morning, everybody.
Good morning, Ben.
As it relates to the South Korea business divestiture, I'm curious, any thoughts you can provide on potential use of proceeds that doesn't seem to be considered in the guidance for this year? Obviously, we're capturing the dilution, but not the potential returns associated with putting that, you know, sale proceeds to work in the business. Maybe any, you know, framing around that, that you can offer would be helpful.
Sure. Hey, Ben, this is Jim Gray. You know, first, obviously, we always look at where our shares are valued, and we always have in, you know, at least the middle of our mind, if not the back of our mind, share repurchase, and, you know, with a forward view of, you know, what we believe our intrinsic value is for the company. I'd also say, though, and just, you know, highlight that, you know, the M&A landscape has been one where it's been, I think, a little bit challenging in the last, you know, 2023, maybe part of 2022, for at least for private equity, as risk-free rates rose. There's also been, you know, kind of globally, when you look at some ingredients companies, flavor and fragrance companies, multiples have come down.
You know, as a strategic buyer, following our refresh strategy, you know, we are continuing to look at where are there opportunities where we can, you know, look at M&A and deploy monies prudently, but and do so in a way that accelerates our strategy in ingredient solutions. You know, we're still you can never kind of guarantee that a deal is going to get done, but we have, you know, a pipeline that we continue to pursue.
Yeah. I mean, our first priority always is with capital to invest in organic capital for growth, you know, and obviously maintain our plant assets, so they run with reliability and efficiently. As Jim talked about, you know, second to that would be our dividend, the focus on our dividend. And third, would be, the use for M&A to grow our texture and healthful solutions businesses. And we have a very, as we always do, active, M&A pipeline, but Ingredion, over time, has always remained disciplined, and for those acquisitions we have made, we've integrated them very well and delivered on the business case.
So, and also it's noteworthy that the price that we got for the Korea business, which is primarily a core business, where, Jim, I think about a third of that volume was dedicated to high fructose corn syrup, was above our trading multiple from a PE standpoint. So we feel very good about it, and we think it's the right thing to do for our portfolio, and we'll use the proceeds wisely.
Okay, very good. My second question is on the cost outlay for this year, and in particular, raw material costs, corn. I'm wondering, are you hedged this year on your gross corn, similar to how you were in 2023? Should we expect a uniform outlay of hedge exposure throughout the year? And then on the, the co-products, are you hedged similar this year as you were last year? Help us understand the framework around your cost hedging for 2024.
Sure, sure. Yes, it—we are following this, the same discipline with regard to, you know, our U.S., Canada business in that, you know, hedging upwards of kind of 80% or more of our gross corn purchase expectation and hedging, you know, almost towards, you know, 50% of our co-product values that we expect, uh, from the sale of our co-products. I would just say that when you look at the, the layout of corn, you know, you had a, a declining corn futures market in 2023. So any, you know, hedges that we're placing towards the end of the year, we're obviously gonna be reflecting a, a little bit less in terms of the cost of corn. As you now look forward into 2024, you, you still have somewhat of a decline, um, in, you know, the quarter-over-quarter comparison.
So, so that lower corn cost, even though it's hedged, as long with the co-product values, is gonna show up, you know, more so in Q1 versus Q4 of 2023. Q2 of 2024 will be slightly better than Q1 of 2024, et cetera. So, you know, that kind of goes to my comment on the, the layout of the corn. Should see, corn costs, corn deflation, helping us with margins, with helping us with COGS as we get into Q2, Q3, Q4.
Okay, thanks so much.
Yeah.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Andrew Strelzik with BMO Capital Markets.
Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking the question. I was hoping-
Andrew.
You could maybe elaborate a little bit. Hi. I was hoping you could elaborate a little bit on some of the volume dynamics that you talked about. The shift out of December, is there a way to kinda frame that or quantify that? And are you seeing that January is then stronger than you would have anticipated, or are you just kind of back to where you thought you would be? And I guess, more broadly, if you could kinda walk through what you're seeing across your end markets from a volume perspective.
Yeah. Well, you know, Andrew, I do appreciate the question, and, you know, it's a little bit of a nuance, you know, for everyone listening. I would say that in Q3, when I was asked about, you know, what did I see as some of the potential risks to the end of the year, I always said, "Well, you know, our brand company CFOs are smart folks. They're probably gonna be managing inventories at the end of the year because it contributes to their operating cash flow." And if you're in procurement, you're looking at, you know, a lower corn cost in 2024, you're negotiating for your price of your starch or your sweetener. And, you know, you probably came out with a slightly better price in January for 2024 than what you were carrying in 2023 for us.
And so, you know, what we just saw was, you know, some of the volume pause. I'm gonna call it pause on orders, because I think that's smart to do if you're in procurement. That impacted, really, Europe, and so that shows up in the EMEA sales volume number for Q4. It impacted North America, and that shows up in the sales volume number. So pretty natural play of things as the year ends. We are seeing January volumes strong. So, I would say that it's—I don't know if it's necessarily changing our guidance, but we are very confident that that December pause, there's still an underlying customer order volume demand, and that's coming through in January.
Yeah, I think it played out exactly as we had indicated. In the last earnings call, we thought it was very rational behavior on the part of customers to certainly adjust working capital down, but also wait for some of the price decreases that they were anticipating that would be affected with contracts starting in January. But we do wanna emphasize that the customer inventory correction that started a year ago has largely run its course, and we don't see that as a factor as we head into this new year.
Hey, hey, Andrew. You know, maybe just, if I can, just to carry it forward, because we had a net sales guidance, you know, of kind of up low-single-digit, but it has two parts to it. And so I think one part is what's the underlying volume demand? And then that's partially offset by some anticipated price mix due to lower corn as we pass through. But maybe, you know, ask Jim to just comment on what we see for volume demand in 2024.
Yeah, I think with respect to packaged food volume demand, we expect an increase in unit volumes as, you know, brand and private label lapped the very high unit prices that occurred, I guess, over the last 2 years. So we anticipate that grocery retailers will want to support consumers to bring them back to the stores, and I think we're gonna see more promotions to support traffic. We also highlighted the increasing customer interactions. We're seeing many more engagements for innovation-related projects that we think is a leading indicator for the need for brand innovation to drive also volume growth within the CPG space. So we're anticipating a mid-single-digit uptick in sales volume demand for 2024, and that growth should become evident in all geographies through 2024.
You know, except perhaps, as Jim said, in Europe for the first quarter. Overall, as we guided, net sales will be flat to up low single digits, as we expect some price mix headwinds with lower corn costs being passed through on our variable pricing contracts.
Great. That's a super helpful color. I appreciate that. And then, you know, if I could just ask about M&A and buybacks and kind of how you think about, you know, the capital deployment to the two, whether it's the South Korea proceeds or otherwise. Is there a point at which if a deal does not materialize, you on the M&A side, that you would pivot to buybacks? Is there a timeline element to this? Or... You know, I know the timing of these things can be very unpredictable. So I guess I'm just curious how you think about pivoting between the two at some point if needed.
Yeah.
I'll let you, I'll let you make a comment, and I'll make a comment. Go ahead.
Yeah, I think for Andrew and for everybody, I don't think it is an either/or. Right? So right now, given our balance sheet, given our cash position, you know, if we believe that the shares are absolutely of value, then we can be executing on share repurchase, and that's not gonna, you know, give us pause on what we're doing on M&A.
Yeah, I mean, we will always remain disciplined, of course, and look at every deal prospect critically for the synergies. But now what has happened this past year is we went through a full year lengthy strategy refresh using, some of you may know, the Play to Win framework. And so we're very clear about our winning aspiration, we're very clear about where to play and how to win, and we will be, you know, supporting the strategy with M&A and organic investments as well. And we do have, I will say, we do have some pretty big organic investments that we're excited about that we want to pursue as well.
Okay, that makes perfect sense. Thank you very much.
Thank you. Our next question will come from the line of Benjamin Theurer with Barclays.
Yeah, good morning, Jim and Jim. Thank you very much for taking my question. I wanted to ask about the new operating structure and the reorganization of it and, and the benefits as you play this out. Can you share maybe a few examples of how this is going to help you with your customers, globally, particularly in the Texture and Healthful Solutions segment that you pointed out is gonna be managed on a global way, in order to, to potentially drive volume or profitability? What is it what you hope from the new, operational structure? That would be my first question.
Yes. I think, Ben, that, the pivot towards a more global focus on Texture and Healthful Solutions. First of all, we believe that there is an exciting opportunity ahead for Ingredion to work with customers to influence their understanding and our collective understanding of how texture impacts overall liking and consumer preference, analogous to flavors. And we've been saying that for a while, but we really believe that. So we've invested in consumer insights and sensory capabilities, and also now, texture measurement science capabilities, so that we can correlate that. On the healthful solution side, our focus is very clear. It is on sugar reduction, which has a large total addressable market, protein and fiber fortification. Those are our platforms for healthful solutions.
It is with that focus, which are driven by global trends and have universal, you know, value propositions for all customers globally, we think that just lends itself to a global, approach. Ingredion, for the longest time, has been very regionally organized, and that has served us very well from a standpoint of regional, regional accountability for PNLs and delivering results. We believe that what we have done in the last, say, five years, where we have, for efficiency purposes, for, effectiveness purposes, stood up a global business services organization. For example, shared services with finance, some of our marketing functions and HR functions are now globalized in support of more of a global business model.
We couldn't have done what we're about to embark on five years ago because we had to build the capabilities, but we've built those muscles from a standpoint of back office, shared service, global business operations. And by the way, the most important move that we made was globalizing operations. And I can tell you, and what you're seeing in our results, are the benefits of moving to that global operations model. Some of the things we talked about in relationship to our Net Promoter Scores, the service enhancements, the benefits in procurement that we're getting, the safety results. That operational excellence focus on a global basis with benchmarking best practice is serving us very well.
So it allows for the commercial organization in Texture and Healthful Solutions to focus much more time and be much more intimate with customers to really understand their brands and what they need from us as a co-creation partner. So we are looking at adjusting KPIs and incentive schemes to drive the kind of global behavior to align with global key customers, but also, you know, share very actively, you know, where consumer buying behavior is gonna change. There's a lot of, you know, questions about how consumer buying behavior is likely to change with a lot of things that are going on in the food industry right now, and we think being organized the way we are moving will serve us very well to be much more intimate with customers.
Very clear. Thank you very much, Jim. And then just one question related to the guidance, if you could maybe help us understand and frame a little bit, the impact of the Korea divestiture, kind of from top to bottom. We got, obviously, the impact on the operating income side and on EPS. But could you potentially quantify what the impact is more or less on top line as well, just so we can frame that better in our modeling exercises? Thank you.
Yeah, yeah, sure. You know, say for the full year of 2023, you know, South Korea delivered about $325 million of net sales, so that but unaudited, but about the range. And then, you know, if you were looking at, you know, kind of an approximation for the adjusted op income, you know, the effective, you know, the net of the effective tax rate, you know, it was, you know, probably more in the teens. You know, so if you take EPS times our shares outstanding, and you're trying to get to an adjusted op income, I'd say that adjusted op income range was, you know, in the, in kind of the low thirties, in terms of what to look at in terms of 2023 contributions.
Okay, perfect. Thank you very much, Jim.
You got it. Yeah.
Our next question comes from the line of Kristen Owen with Oppenheimer. Kristen, your line is now open.
Hey there. Good morning.
Sorry about that, guys. Wanted to follow up also with a modeling question to start. First, just on the revaluation of the peso, the hyperinflation adjustment. Can you just help us understand the mechanics there? Is this sort of a one-time true-up for all of 2023? Just starting there with what the assumption is for 2024 and how the mechanics of that adjustment work.
Yeah. So just when we look at whatever the balance sheet items are on our Arcor JV, and you translate that into dollars, whenever you have an official change in the exchange rate, we have to take a one-time, you know, hit to those values. And so then that $15 million is that's just the balance sheet impact due to the kind of the hyperinflation treatment under GAAP that we'll be recognizing in the first quarter. So that said, so then now you look forward to 2024, still a great fundamentals in the Argentina market. Sugar prices are high, corn is relatively cheap. The attractiveness of high fructose syrup to beverage makers is very, very good. So the Argentina JV should probably continue to perform well in 2024.
So we'll have good underlying OI. What we just need to watch is with the new government, how do they look at the official rate of the peso? But you probably won't see something like what we witnessed in December, where you had a, you know, a peso, official peso rate that was in the 300s go to 800. So, you know, so it'll be unlikely that you'll have a, an additional one-time, you know, hyperinflation impact further into 2024. There may be some, but it's unlikely the degree of magnitude that we're witnessing here that we have to take in January.
Okay, that's super helpful, Jim. So taking that into account and just thinking through all the moving pieces, 2023 to 2024, then 2024 to 2025. You know, when we look at the guide in 2024, the outlook for mid-single-digit growth in operating income, coming off a very strong 2023 result, I'm just wondering how we should think about the guide in the context of your 5%-7% operating income CAGR, that growth framework that you outlined for 2025.
Yeah, sure. You know, if I could take a crack at that. You know, obviously, we're not kind of necessarily out here kind of, you know, reissuing kind of a four-year outlook. We're still working within our four-year outlook. But, you know, within 2024, look, there are some risks to the year. You know, obviously, there's, you know, it's an election year. We may see changes to the impact on taxes. You know, I think we're a little bit concerned maybe on risks around stubborn food inflation, you know, and what's the impact on consumer demand, you know, the shape of the grocery store basket, you know.
But on the other hand, you know, some of your peers are talking about, well, will brand companies have to use promotions to, you know, or be enticed by grocers or other retailers to bring some promotions in to excite the consumer, to fill those grocery baskets back up, you know, or to maintain branded, you know, market share on shelf? If, if that stimulus happens, that's an opportunity for us. That's always good for, for unit volumes, of our customers, and, and we supply ingredients that support those unit volume sales. You know, I would note that, you know, just on one thing, which is within our, you know, 2023 results, you know, we, we're still absorbing a loss on plant-based proteins. And so that operating loss was just over $40 million.
In addition, as the plant-based protein market had slowed down, we did recognize, you know, upwards of about $15 million of mark-to-market on inventory value for our plant-based proteins. So that's in our numbers for 2023. So as we look to 2024, we're going to improve upon that, and we'll improve upon that in 2025. You know, further in 2024, you know, a good solid year for sugar reduction, and as we go forward into 2025, we'll still have, you know, the opportunity to take advantage of the additional capacity that we put into our Kuala Lumpur facility, and drive growth there. So I think there are some things that we're organically doing that we continue to work, that are gonna be, you know, builders in our, in our operating income as we go forward.
Yeah, I do think, Jim, it was helpful that you clarified about the protein fortification. loss, operating loss and inventory adjustment, that $55 million total is in the 23% increase in operating income last year. We believe that that has been taken to a low point where we're seeing, you know, improvements heading into this year. That's something that we are encouraged about as well.
Really appreciate the color. I'll take the rest of my questions offline. Thank you so much.
Great. Thank you, Kristen.
As a reminder, "that is star one, one" to ask a question. Our next question will come from the line of Josh Spector with UBS.
Yeah, hi. Good morning. A quick clarification, one on the guide, and I mean a question to follow. Just around the operating income side, you made the point on sales that it's excluding South Korea. Is the operating income guide up mid-single digit, excluding or the South Korea impact in 2023 also base reported number?
No, it excludes it.
Okay. So then-
Yeah
I guess organically then, you're talking about more of a high single digit-ish operating income growth relative to volumes up, low single. So can you kind of bridge maybe the pieces of that, that EBIT that gets you to that level? So how much is volume leverage? And just the movement in price cost between first quarter and the rest of the year, is that a good or bad guy for the year? And is there anything else we should be thinking about?
Yeah. Well, Josh, maybe, maybe pull apart the pieces because I don't know if, you know, maybe we've interpreted in our guide the way that you might be reading it. You know, we looked at 2023, and that's a complete year. We've effectively sold Korea early in 2024. So we look at, well, what did Korea contribute to 2023? You know, that contribution won't be there in 2024, so that's kind of our new baseline. And then we issued our, our outlook, our guidance off of that baseline. And so, you know, when we see adjusted operating income up in the mid-single digits, you know, essentially what we're counting on is, you know, a return on actual volume.
It's gonna be offset by a little bit of price pass-through due to lower raw materials, but we're seeing dramatically lower corn costs and some input costs, and so the lower COGS is helping us. The additional volume will help us on our manufacturing costs. And all of those come to contribute to a fairly, you know, pretty healthy, you know, change in our gross profit. We're gonna manage our OpEx tightly, and that provides us leverage to op income.
Okay. No, understood. And yeah, I guess I did that math interpretation wrong, so understand what you're saying now. I was wondering if you could also comment on any of your trends you're seeing in customer reformulation, considering, you know, that business maybe is a leading indicator around new mix or products coming out. Is there anything there to give any optimism about maybe more new product introduction helping you guys gain share? Any insights kind of on trends you could share in that regard? Thanks.
I think we see a lot of focus on food service innovation because you're seeing still strong consumer spending, and the—pardon me, I've just got...
Yeah.
Let me take it, and I'll grab one piece, right? So the trend, obviously, since 2022, 2023, carrying a little bit into 2024 still, has always been around affordability, right? You know, with obviously, with the cost of ingredients going up, our customers have looked at it and said, "Hey, where can we actually design in affordability, so that we can now," going into 2024, that's even more of a focus for some of our brand customers.
And then I think what you're also seeing is like, hey, I think with a soft landing, consumers feeling, you know, not so dire about maybe the economic outcome, and maybe that's just speaking from a U.S. perspective, but that, you know, some of the support behind wellness trends and some of their choices that we see in on front of pack, I think that's gonna start to emerge back in 2024.
Yeah. I think, continued focus on, you know, healthful, solutions, a lot of focus on, a dynamic consumer related to continued spending for experiences and mobility, and an increasing focus on, return to office, lunch trade. Again, those food service type offerings, where we're very connected into the quick service restaurant, trade. We're seeing a lot of, activity from a standpoint of ideation and innovation there. And, I think Jim emphasized just, naturally, you're gonna see a lot of focus continually on affordability, related to consumer debt that may be increasing and just overall affordability. I, I don't think you're gonna see much more shrinkflation. I think that's run its course, and there's been backlash, but I do think overall recipe formulation is what we're seeing a lot of the, the briefs that we're working with customers on.
And Josh, I'd always say, look, there's an undercurrent. There's always a theme with consumers in today's world with blogs and the internet... to think about authenticity in the ingredients and always to move towards natural, right? And so, you know, some of I would say is when we work on our Stevia business, you know, just the underlying appeal to customers has always been around, you know, from nature ingredients. And, you know, everything that we make is from plants. And so I think that is an overall trend that still supports this, and that's a mega trend, and that's a long-term trend.
Yeah. For sure. For sure, the high-intensity natural sweetener space is something that we're seeing a lot of attention based on a lot of the news that came out in the middle and towards the end of last year with some of the studies about the high-intensity artificials as well.
Got it. Thank you. Appreciate the thoughts.
Sure thing.
Our next question will come from the line of Adam Samuelson with Goldman Sachs.
Yes, thank you. Well, good morning, everyone.
Hi, Adam.
Hey, Adam.
Hi. So I guess first, as I think about the bridge to 2024, and you guys have given some very helpful color, but I'm just trying to make sure I'm thinking about kind of fixed cost absorption and how the impact of volumes, what negative impact that had in 2023 as you managed through destocking and a high single-digit decline in organic volumes. You're talking about a low single-digit increase in volumes in 2024. Obviously, that's still well off where you would have been a couple of years ago. And I'm just trying to make sure, is there still fixed cost absorption charges embedded in the 2024 outlook?
Or have you actually under shipping your own production last year, so you're planning to ship to production this year so that you can get your capacity absorption in the right place?
Yeah, it's the latter, Adam. So, you know, I thought, you know, I think our planning team did a really nice job looking at the decline in order volume shipped in 2023. We really tried to manage the finished goods inventory ending point. So as we look at 2024 and we see, you know, that order volume and anticipate that order volume being up, and I think, like you appropriately characterized it, I think you nailed it, which is like, we're—this is not a huge bounce back. This is a gradual improvement, but we do see an improvement in 2024 on order volume versus the lows, I think, that we saw in 2023.
And I think we are poised for our production to start absorbing fixed costs, and some fixed cost absorption is part of our guide for 2024.
Okay, that's helpful. And then just coming back to the question on capital, and it ties into kind of use of proceeds, with Korea. I guess I'm just trying to make sense of why not, at a minimum, use a placeholder to allocate the cash for buyback at this juncture? It would seem like there's not much, if any, buyback really assumed in the plan this year based on the average share count. And, should we be thinking that, hey, there might be M&A that you're kind of balancing against? Or what would be the condition by which you wouldn't be deploying that excess cash flow and divestiture proceeds this year?
Yeah. Well, obviously, you know, we are, we are looking at and had worked on, on a number of, of, items that are in our M&A pipeline. As, as well as, and as I mentioned kind of earlier, though, thinking about there is, you know, there is cash proceeds, there is a healthy cash balance in terms of where we ended the year. And so as we look at the shares, and, and where they're trading, you know, that's absolutely something that's in our thinking. I don't know if we've necessarily committed to it 'cause we don't always know when windows are gonna be open and, you know, when we're gonna be able to execute on share repurchases, but-
But we have proven over time, the last couple of years, that we will be opportunistic, and we will be very meaningful in relationship to making share repurchases that will be accretive.
That's right. Yep, and, and part of our overall capital return to shareholders.
Yeah. So I would say, you know, you should continue to follow what we've done in the past because I think we've been very purposeful and clear about our capital allocation approach, and we will continue to do so. But with the strategy refresh, clearly, we would like to expand our toolbox of solutions capabilities for textural offerings and in those targeted areas for healthful solutions. So it's always a balancing act, Adam, but, you know, I think the other thing, just to emphasize, as I said earlier, is we will continue to be disciplined and be good stewards of capital.
Yeah. I mean, it's not necessarily a matter of either/or, right? It is. I do look at it as both, and both are somewhat dependent upon opportunity and windows. And to Jim's point, right, on, you know, on M&A that's focused on our ingredient solutions and expanding our strategy, we are disciplined in terms of getting after opportunities. You have to say that with between risk-free rates and overall multiples, that valuations are probably more attractive now than they have been in maybe the last five to seven years. And as a strategic buyer, I think that we look at capabilities and assets that can really help us accelerate what we wanna do in textures and in healthful solutions.
Yep.
Okay. I appreciate that color. I'll pass it on. Thanks.
Thanks, Adam.
That concludes today's question and answer session. I'd like to turn the call back to Jim Zallie for closing remarks.
I wanna thank everybody for joining us this morning. We look forward to seeing many of you at our upcoming investor events, with the next significant engagement being CAGNY in Boca Raton on February twenty-first. I wanna thank you for your continued interest in Ingredion.
This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.