Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by. Welcome to the third quarter fiscal year 2023 CarMax earnings release conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, David Lowenstein, AVP Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
Thank you, Ashley. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining our fiscal 2023 third quarter earnings conference call. I'm here today with Bill Nash, our President and CEO, Enrique Mayor-Mora, our Executive Vice President and CFO, and Jon Daniels, our Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance Operations. Let me remind you, our statements today that are not statements of historical fact, including statements regarding the company's future business plans, prospects, and financial performance, are forward-looking statements we make pursuant to the Safe Harbor Provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based on our current knowledge, expectations, and assumptions and are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations. In providing projections and other forward-looking statements, we disclaim any intent or obligation to update them.
For additional information on important factors that could affect these expectations, please see our Form 8-K filed with the SEC this morning and our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2022, previously filed with the SEC. Should you have any follow-up questions after the call, please feel free to contact our Investor Relations Department at 804-747-0422 extension 7865. Lastly, let me thank you in advance for asking only one question and getting back in the queue for more follow-ups. Bill.
Thank you, David. Good morning, everyone, and thanks for joining us. Our third quarter results reflect the continuation of widespread pressures across the used car industry. Vehicle affordability remained challenging due to macro factors stemming from broad inflation, climbing interest rates, and continued low consumer confidence. In addition, persistent and steep depreciation impacted wholesale values throughout the quarter. In response, we have been taking deliberate steps to support our business for both the short term and for the long run. We are leveraging our strongest assets, our associates, our experience, and our culture to manage through this cycle.
Actions that we took during the quarter include further reducing SG&A, selling a higher mix of older, lower-priced vehicles, slowing buys in light of the steep market depreciation, maintaining used saleable inventory units while driving down total inventory dollars more than 25% year-over-year, raising CAF's consumer rates to help offset rising cost of funds, pausing share buybacks to give us capital flexibility, and slowing our planned store growth for next fiscal year to five locations while maintaining our ability to open more locations if market conditions change. In the near term, we are prioritizing initiatives that unlock operational efficiencies and create better experiences for our associates and our customers. While we continue to selectively invest in initiatives that have the potential to activate new capabilities, we have slowed the pace of those investments.
We believe these steps will enable us to come out of this cycle leaner and more effective while positioning us for future growth. We will provide more details on these actions later during today's call. Now on to our results. For the third quarter of FY23, our diversified business model delivered total sales of $6.5 billion, down 24% compared with last year's third quarter, driven by lower retail and wholesale volume. In our retail business, total unit sales in the third quarter declined 20.8% and used unit comps were down 22.4% versus the third quarter last year when we achieved a 15.8% used unit comp. In addition to the macro factors that I mentioned previously, we believe our performance was impacted by transitory competitive responses to the current environment.
External title data indicates that we gained market share on a year-to-date basis through October, though we've seen some recent loss of share. As we have said before, we are focused on profitable market share gains that can be sustained for the long term. Through expansive price elasticity testing, we determined that holding margins during the quarter was the right profitability play. Third quarter retail gross profit per used unit was $2,237, which is consistent with last year's third quarter. Wholesale unit sales were down 36.7% versus the third quarter last year, driven by rapidly changing market conditions, which included about $2,000 of depreciation. This is incremental to approximately $2,500 of depreciation experienced during the second quarter.
Wholesale performance was also impacted as we continue to reallocate some older vehicles from wholesale to retail to meet consumer demand for lower-priced vehicles. Wholesale gross profit per unit was $966, down from a third quarter record of $1,131 a year ago. Recall, last year, prices appreciated approximately $2,500 during the quarter, which was a margin tailwind. Just as we are doing in retail, we will continue to focus on maximizing total wholesale margin profitability. We bought approximately 238,000 vehicles from consumers and dealers during the third quarter, down 40% versus last year's period. Our volume was impacted by steep depreciation and our deliberate decision to slow buys in reaction to the depreciation.
We purchased approximately 224,000 cars from consumers in the quarter, with about half of those buys coming through our online instant appraisal experience. We also sourced about 14,000 vehicles through Max Offer, our digital appraisal product for dealers, up 16% from last year's third quarter. Our self-sufficiency remained above 70% during the quarter. In regard to our third quarter online metrics, approximately 12% of retail unit sales were online, up from 9% in the prior year's quarter. Approximately 52% of retail unit sales were omni-sales this quarter, down from 57% in the prior year's quarter. Our wholesale auctions remain virtual, 100% of wholesale sales, which represent 18% of total revenue, are considered online transactions. Total revenue resulting from online transactions was approximately 28%, down from 30% during last year's third quarter.
Our CarMax Auto Finance, CAF, delivered income of $152 million, down from $166 million during the same period last year. Jon will provide more detail on consumer financing, the loan loss provision, and CAF contribution in a few moments. This point, I'd like to turn the call over to Enrique, who will provide more information on our third quarter financial performance and the steps we've taken to further align our business to the current sales environment. Enrique?
Thanks, Bill. Good morning, everyone. Third quarter net earnings per diluted share was $0.24, down from $1.63 a year ago. Total gross profit was $577 million, down 31% from last year's third quarter. Used retail margin of $403 million and wholesale vehicle margin of $115 million declined 21% and 46% respectively. The year-over-year decreases were driven by lower volume across used and wholesale, and lower wholesale margin per unit. As Bill noted, we continue to face depreciation and have been adjusting accordingly to better position ourselves to manage through the current environment. Other gross profit was $59 million, down 49% from last year's third quarter. This decrease was driven primarily by the effect of lower retail unit sales on service and EPP.
Service results declined $37 million as lower sales, and secondarily, our decision to maintain technician staffing levels drove some deleveraging. Technicians are among the most in-demand associates in the industry, and their retention will position us strongly to quickly grow inventory when we exit the current cycle. EPP fell by 14% or $15 million, reflecting the decline in sales that was partially offset by stronger margins and a favorable year-over-year return reserve adjustment. Penetration was stable at approximately 60%. Third-party finance fees were relatively flat over last year's third quarter, with lower volume in fee-generating Tier 2 offset by lower Tier 3 volume for which we pay a fee.
On the SG&A front, expenses for the third quarter were $592 million, up 3% from the prior year's quarter, reflecting a slowdown from the year-over-year increases of 19% during the first quarter and 16% during the second quarter of this year. In the prior year's third quarter, we received a $23 million settlement from a class action lawsuit. Adjusting for that settlement, SG&A actually would have declined 1% year-over-year this quarter. SG&A as a percent of gross profit was materially pressured as compared to the third quarter last year, due primarily to the 31% decrease in total gross margin dollars compared to last year's quarter. The change in SG&A dollars over last year was mainly due to the following factors. First, a $41 million increase in other overhead, primarily driven by cycling over last year's legal settlement.
We also continued to invest, although at a reduced pace, in our technology platforms and strategic and growth initiatives. Second, an $18 million reduction in compensation and benefits, including a $16 million decrease in share-based compensation. Third, a $17 million reduction in advertising. During the quarter, we continued to take steps to better align our expenses to our sales. This included further reducing staffing through attrition in our stores and CECs, limiting hiring and contractor utilization in our corporate offices, and continuing to align our marketing spend to sales. While our advertising expense was lower year-over-year, our investment on a per unit basis remains consistent with last year's third quarter. We remain focused on reducing expenses and anticipate continued progress in the fourth quarter. Regarding capital structure, our first priority is to fund the business.
Given third quarter performance and continued market uncertainties, we are taking a conservative approach to our capital structure. While our adjusted debt-to-capital ratio was below our 35%-45% targeted range, we are managing our net leverage to maintain the flexibility that allows us to efficiently access the capital markets for both CAF and CarMax as a whole. In keeping with this goal of maintaining flexibility, we took the following steps this quarter in addition to the SG&A actions I spoke to. First, we paused our share buybacks.
Our $2.45 billion authorization remains in place, as does our commitment to return capital back to shareholders over time. Second, we slowed the velocity of our CapEx spend. We expect CapEx will end the fiscal year at approximately $450 million versus our previous $500 million estimate. As Bill mentioned, we have also conservatively planned store growth of five new locations in fiscal year 2024. Our liquidity remains very strong. We ended the quarter with over $680 million in cash on the balance sheet and no draw on our $2 billion revolver. I'd like to turn the call over to Jon.
Thanks, Enrique. Good morning, everyone. In the third quarter, the strength and stability of our credit platform provided approvals to over 95% of the consumers who applied for credit during their shopping journey. CarMax Auto Finance originated $2.1 billion within the quarter, resulting in a penetration of 44.4% net of three-day payoffs, up from 42.2% realized in the same quarter last year and 41.2% in Q2. The weighted average contract rate charged to new customers was 9.8%, which was higher than the 8.3% in last year's third quarter and the 9.4% seen in Q2. We continue to leverage our scalable testing environments and nimble underwriting infrastructure to strategically pass along a portion of the increased funding costs to consumers while still increasing share of the finance contracts.
Tier 2 penetration in the quarter was 20.5%, in line with historical levels, but down from last year's 22.2%. Tier 3 financed 6.1% of used unit sales compared to 6.5% a year ago. Our lenders continue to make their own independent lending decisions in this challenging environment, and we remain pleased with the competitive offers they are collectively able to provide to our customers. CAF income for the quarter was $152 million, a decrease of 8.3% or $14 million from the same period last year. Our loan loss provision was $86 million, resulting in an ending reserve balance of $491 million. This is compared to a provision of $76 million in last year's Q3.
The current quarter's reserve of $491 million is 2.95% of managed receivables, up slightly from 2.92% at the end of this year's second quarter. This sequential three basis point adjustment in the reserve-to-receivables ratio comes primarily from the continued addition of Tier 2 and Tier 3 receivables into the overall portfolio as seen in previous quarters. All in all, we were pleased with the credit performance within our portfolio during the quarter, and we believe we are appropriately reserved for future losses. Further, we continue to be in a strong position to leverage our unique credit platform to operate our tier one business within our targeted loss range of 2% to 2.5%.
Within the quarter, total interest margin dollars were flat to last year at $277 million, modestly supported by a $5 million benefit from our hedging strategy. The corresponding margin-to-receivables rate, 6.7%, was down 54 basis points year-over-year as receivables with historically low funding costs were offset by the receivables impacted by the more recent Fed moves. Regarding advancements in our broader credit technology, during the third quarter, we successfully completed the nationwide rollout of finance-based shopping, our multi-lender prequalification product, and we continue to see a high level of engagement with this experience. As a reminder, this gives customers the ability to digitally receive quick credit decisions across our entire inventory via our simple online application with no impact to credit scores. This also allows consumers to quickly and easily secure financing at any point in their shopping journey.
Like the rest of the business, CAF is also focused on driving efficiencies. We are already seeing benefits from the modern, more nimble receivable servicing system that we launched a year ago. Consumer finance is a highly regulated and ever-changing space, and our new system allows us to adapt more easily to these necessary changes. A recent example is California's upcoming regulatory change that requires added disclosure and refund requirements related to the cancellation of the GAP waiver product. With our old system, the implementation would have been lengthy and onerous, and we likely would have temporarily suspended the product in the state while we made the changes. However, with our new, more agile technology, we are able to incorporate these requirements without interruption.
This is just one example of our early wins resulting from our new system, and we have a clear line of sight to many more in the near and midterm. Now I'll turn the call back over to Bill.
Thank you, Jon, and thank you, Enrique. As I mentioned at the start of today's call, we're taking steps to support our business by prioritizing projects that unlock operating efficiencies and create better experiences for our associates and customers. It starts with making our omni-channel experience faster, simpler, and more seamless. Some examples include we're enhancing online features to help customers feel more confident in completing key transaction steps on their own and make it easier to go back and forth between assisted help and self-progression. We're also making it simple for consumers to opt in to Express Pickup through self-progression. Excuse me. This delivery option offers customers the ability to complete their transaction at one of our stores in as little as 30 minutes and represents a win-win opportunity.
Our research shows that customers love this experience when utilized, and it will enable us to lower our costs over time. Our final example is that we are working to seamlessly integrate our finance-based shopping product into our stores and Customer Experience Centers so that all consumers can enjoy this experience, not just those who shop online. At the same time, we are adding additional lenders to the platform to expand the breadth and depth of offers available to our customers. As we evolve our omni-channel experience, we are also updating our operating models to drive efficiency gains in our stores. For example, in our business offices, we have launched self-check-in capabilities for appraisal customers and have also enhanced e-sign functionality to better enable self-progression. Additionally, we are testing an improved digital customer queue to better manage appointments as well as new software to improve title speed and visibility.
We anticipate these tools will enable us to reduce associate time spent per customer and shorten customer transaction times. Our associates are key to providing an exceptional customer experience, and we are focused on leveraging their skills in the most value-added manner. We will also continue to selectively invest in key projects that have the potential to deliver new capabilities while lowering our costs. Examples include, first, we're updating Max Offer, our appraisal product for dealers, which is available in approximately 50 markets. Many of our dealers are still on the initial version, which does not provide instant offers and requires them to take and send us vehicle pictures. We are rolling out a new product which offers a fully digital instant offer experience to all dealers. We believe this will well position us to grow our dealer-to-dealer buys more efficiently and support higher volume over time.
Second, we are leveraging technology to enhance our logistics capability. We move approximately two million vehicles each year. We estimate that our internal logistics operation drives about a 20% cost advantage over third-party providers and improves our speed, predictability and control of moves. Enhancements to our transportation management system will enable us to consolidate loads, increase our mix of full loads, and reduce the truck volume in and out of our stores. This will support our ability to keep our costs low as we complete moves even faster and more efficiently. Third, we're continuing to upgrade our auction experience. During the third quarter, we scaled our modernized vehicle detail page to 50% of dealers. This page is mobile-friendly, provides more relevant data to our dealers and improves search and filter functionality.
It is also the springboard that we will use to launch capabilities we believe will further enhance our wholesale business, including AI-enhanced condition reports and proxy bidding. We are confident that our focus initiatives will drive efficiencies and grow our business over the long term. In closing, we have spent almost 30 years building a diversified business that can profitably navigate the ups and downs of the used car industry. We have a strong balance sheet and access to capital. Our experience in inventory and margin management is a strength, and we will continue to be thoughtful and manage our expenses, pulling levers as necessary. While we're not able to predict how long the industry will remain challenged, we believe the pressures are transitory and that we are well-positioned to manage through them and emerge an even stronger company.
I want to thank our associates for everything that they're doing to support each other, our customers and our business. Our foundation remains strong and we're excited about the future of our diversified business model. With that, we'll be happy to take your questions. Ashley?
Certainly. At this time, if you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your touch tone phone. You may withdraw your question at any time by pressing star two. Again, that's star one. Your first question comes from the line of Brian Nagel with Oppenheimer. Your line is open.
Thanks for taking my questions.
Good morning, Brian.
Happy holidays.
You too.
I guess the question I have, just with regard to sales and maybe, Bill, if you could discuss a bit more just the trend of sales through the quarter so we understand better, you know, how the business is performing here? Also you mentioned in your comments, you know, that you saw market share, or I guess, market share decline, if you will, I guess later in the period. It sounded like that was as a result of others taking more aggressive actions on price. If you could elaborate further there? Who's? What cohort of your competition is doing that? How long would you expect, you know, that dynamic to persist?
I guess a follow-up to that, you know, as you look at your business, and CarMax has historically been very, very good at managing inventories. You know, if you're starting to see now others take more aggressive action on price, and you've held the line on margin, you know, could there be percolating issues within your inventory?
Right. There's a lot in there, Brian. Let me start with sales during the quarter. The last time we spoke, it was middle of September, latter part of September. We talked about sales being down in the mid-teens. It actually got a little softer by the end of September, and it continued to see even more softness in October and November. I'll save you from having to get back into the queue because I'm sure your next question is, well how is December panning out? December is actually running about where the quarter, the third quarter ran on average.
It's a little bit better than November, but I would just remind you that we're also going to be, you know, we're comping over a little bit of easier performance obviously than we were from the third quarter that we will be doing in the fourth quarter. As far as market share, giving you some detail on market share declines. you know, year-to-date, like you said, we've still got, we still have gains in share. We did see declines most recently in September and October, which is the latest title data that we have. This speaks to why I always hesitate talking about market share on the short term basis, because sometimes there are some temporary pressures.
We saw competitors lowering prices and margins to move inventory, which, I'll be honest with you, it's not surprising. I mean, we saw these, a very similar play back in the 2008, 2009 recession. It's also the reason that we did much more expansive pricing elasticity testing. Through those tests, we're confident that even though we would've sold more cars if we had lowered the prices, we actually would've made less money. As I said in my opening remarks, and what I've always said is we're always, you know, what we're going after is profitable long, long-term market share gains, and I think we've got a great track record on that. I think, your other question was just, you know, who's getting that. Look, this is a highly dispersed business.
Lots and lots of players out there. I can't, you know, point to any of them. I just know that, you know, widespread pressures, you know, of folks trying to move their inventory and get rid of it.
Thanks, Bill.
Sure. Ashley?
Yes. We'll take our next question from Rajat Gupta with JP Morgan. Please go ahead.
Great. Thanks for taking the question. Maybe, you know, firstly, just on retail GPU, obviously very well managed again this quarter. You know, you talked about the fact that, you know, you're not discounting as much as some of your competitors. At some point you have to move the inventory that you have. You know, it seems like it's aging and it's getting older on the lot. Like, what gives ultimately? I mean, would you have to consider the discounting at some point to move that inventory out the door, if not this quarter, maybe the next quarter? So how do you manage that transition, and how should we think about implications to retail GPU maybe in the next quarter or two through that pricing transition? I have a follow-up.
Thanks.
Yeah. Rajat, great question. This is where I think we really shine when it comes to inventory management. I'm really pleased. If you notice, you know, I talked about how much our total inventory has gone down, but we're able to maintain saleable units, and that's because the team did a phenomenal job really cleaning up stuff that we had, whether we're waiting on parts, missing titles. We really worked hard to clean up the lot. To your point, the aging inventory, it's one of the reasons why you didn't see more movement in our ASPs, our average selling prices, given the depreciation. The team did a phenomenal job working through that, getting it out there. With our sophisticated price testing, we just realized, look, there's no sense in giving this away.
Again, we feel like we've put ourselves in really good position going forward. I think what you'll see going forward is your retail average selling prices are gonna come down a lot more than what you've seen up to this point. We feel good about retail GPU. Obviously, we'll continue to test the elasticity as we go forward. If elasticity holds, I think, you know, you'll see us continue to have robust retail GPUs.
Got it. Maybe like, you know, the other gross profit line, you know, if I look at, you know, the volumes that you did 3 years ago, you know, very similar to the volumes that you have today, maybe slightly lower today, and that other gross profit was $94 million, and it's now $59 million, despite your third-party financing fee is actually better. Why is that, like, down almost 50% on a similar level of volume? I mean, is there any opportunity to, you know, reduce the cost there? I mean, I know you mentioned that you want to retain the technicians, but, I mean, how long are we going to see this kind of run rate, you know, before things recouple to, you know, what you had in the past? Thanks for taking the question?
Yeah. Specifically with the other margin, it's what you really need to do is look within the service business. This quarter, a couple things. Number one was just with sales volumes being where they were, down 20% year-over-year. That places a fair bit of deleverage pressure on the service business. That's number one. Number two, of almost equal importance this quarter, about $15 million year-over-year, was our decision, the correct decision, is to hold on to technicians, right? It's a very difficult position to staff. It is of utmost importance that we retain and we recruit the technicians, because when we come out of this cycle, we wanna be in a position where we can actually ramp up our inventory quickly, faster than our competitors.
That being said, it is an investment that flows through that service line. Again, this quarter, it was roughly $15 million, given the current sales levels. It's absolutely the right decision for the medium term and for, definitely for the longer term. That was the biggest pressure, this quarter, Rajat.
Yeah, Rajat, the only thing I would add is, you know, obviously you're comparing it to a few years ago. We have a lot more production capacity now because we have more technicians, we have more space. That's feeding into it as well.
Sorry, just to follow up. You know, what's your view on the cycle recovery? I mean, like, are you anticipating things like rebound at some point next year? I mean, what kind of conviction do you have on that, like, you know, just so that you might have to take some of these headcount actions more aggressively. Just curious on the thought process there.
Yeah. Look, Rajat, your guess as far as what's gonna happen next year is good as mine. I think what we're trying to do is put ourselves in a position that regardless of what happens in the upcoming quarters, we'll flex up, or if we need to pull additional levers, we'll pull additional levers. We're just trying to give ourselves flexibility at this point.
Yeah. I mean, we are laser focused on what we can control, and that's what we're taking actions on. You can take a look at our SG&A and how we bent the curve there. You can take a look at service. Yes, it's up, but again, the reason it's up is that we're investing in our technicians because we know that we're gonna get through this cycle, and when we emerge from it, we wanna be in a really strong position to produce cars quickly.
Got it. Great. Thanks for taking the question.
Thank you.
Okay, we'll take our next question from John Healy with Northcoast Research. Please go ahead.
Thank you for taking my question. Just wanted to ask for a little bit more color on the SG&A cadence. I appreciate the comp cadence, but was just wondering if you could help us think about the actions you took in Q3 and, you know, maybe the run rates and really, I don't know if we can think about an SG&A to gross kinda level for the next couple of quarters or, just help us understand kind of, you know, what might be reasonable for you guys just because, you know, there's been a lot of growth SG&A and now it sounds like you're calibrating that back. Anything you could provide there would be helpful.
Yeah. Great note. Thank you, John. Yeah, like I said in my prepared remarks, you know, we have significantly bent the curve on our SG&A. You go back to the first half of the year as a whole, it was up 17% year-over-year. We bent that down to 3% year-over-year growth this quarter. Again, when you back out the $23 million settlement that we received last year in the third quarter, you're really looking at a slight decrease in overall SG&A. Pretty material change in the curve. We would expect that to carry forward into the fourth quarter and into next year. Why is that? It's because it's the actions we've been talking about, right? There's really kind of two groups of actions.
Number one is on the more variable, perspective. We've been lowering our headcount, lowering our staffing, from an attrition basis in our stores. That actually takes a little bit more time, right? Because you're managing it through attrition, but we believe it's the right thing to do from a culture standpoint. That has been bleeding down really since the second quarter as when we started talking about it. We expect that'll carry forward to the fourth quarter and into next year. The second piece is really taking a look at our fixed costs and actively managing there as well. I've talked about looking at our uses of, our usage of contractors in the corporate home office. We've pulled back there, right? We've also essentially paused our hiring in the corporate office.
We are still hiring, backfills, kind of key, positions that we have as well, kind of strategic positions as well. Materially so we've kind of paused our corporate overhead hiring as well. You know, we've taken strong actions. We believe they're appropriate actions for the, for the marketplace that we're operating in. If we need to take further actions, we would do that as well if required. We believe we're strongly positioned right now. To answer your question about, like, the cadence, you know, I would expect the fourth quarter to look similar to the third quarter once you back out the settlement from last year.
When you say similar to the Q3, would that be in terms of dollars or would that be in terms of kinda SG&A to gross?
Yeah. It's more of a year-over-year SG&A and how that's moving. It's not to gross. I think the challenge, you know, John, with the leverage ratio, the SG&A to gross profit, is we can control SG&A, and I believe we've been doing that effectively. The challenge is the gross profit number. Depending on where that gross profit number ends up, and sharp movements quarter-over-quarter make it really difficult to manage that leverage ratio. In terms of, as I mentioned earlier, we'll control what we can control, and that's what we're focused on. We're focused on that SG&A line. My comments are specifically about SG&A growth year-over-year on the quarter.
Perfect. Thank you. Just one follow-up question just about the gross profit per unit levels. I feel like you've kind of already answered this, but I just wanted to ask it maybe in a different way. You know, hypothetically, if ASPs fall another 5%-10% over the next couple of quarters, either given market conditions or just changing of mix, are you guys still confident that the $2,000-$2,200 GPU level is achievable even in that scenario? I just wanted to ask that more directly.
I think we feel very comfortable where we're running the retail GPUs. We'll continue to monitor the test. I expect ASPs to continue to fall, which I think overall for the industry is a good thing to help drive some gap between new and late model Us. We feel comfortable with where our GPUs are, and we'll continue to test.
Appreciate it. Thank you, guys.
Thank you.
We'll take our next question from Daniel Imbro with Stephens Inc. Please go ahead.
Yep. Thanks. Good morning. Thanks for taking our questions.
Morning.
I wanna follow up on John's question on expenses. Enrique, can you just provide some more color around really what the biggest inflationary drivers are in that other overhead cost line? I think you pulled back, you said on some of the labor in the CECs, and it's still up, you know, $40 million year-over-year. Is any of that one-time increase? Then just taking a step back on expenses, I think even last quarter we talked about, you know, one of the reasons that you don't wanna reduce headcount too quickly is the need to hire back, and that gets harder next year. Now it sounds like we're expecting a softer backdrop for the next, you know, 12 plus months. I guess why not reduce expenses or headcount more quickly across other parts of the enterprise? Thank you.
Yeah. What I'd say there is that, you know, we did. As sales got more challenged in the third quarter, you know, we went deeper into the staffing levels in the field. You know, it's still through attrition, so it does take a little bit longer. At the same time, we did lower our staffing targets to reflect the current sales environment. I tell you, we did go deeper into managing those expenses. In regards to your first question, I think you're asking about the other-
Yeah
... expense line and what goes in there because it was a 41% increase if you just look at the release, right? That is primarily because we're comping over the $23 million settlement that we had last year. If you back that out, you know, you're looking at, you know, less than half of that as of an increase. What that really is attributed to is our investments in technology and product, right? That's what that's attributed to. What I'd tell you, though, as well is that if you compare it to prior quarters, there's a reduction in the pace of that investment from a year-over-year standpoint. So we've been pulling back there as well. You know, you also see that manifested in our CapEx guidance for this year, where we've taken that down from $500 million to $450 million.
The largest chunk of that decrease really comes from kind of slowing down some of those projects, in addition to, just slowing down some of the capacity, initiatives that we have out there in terms of growing our capacity. With lower volume, you know, we're just slowing down some of those investments.
Daniel, the only thing I would add there is, look. And you know, you know this. Our culture is one that's a people-first mindset. Our people are the reason for our success, and that's the reason we've chosen to allow attrition to get us to where we need to be. We'll obviously continue to monitor the situation, but we're very comfortable with allowing attrition to get us to where we need to be.
Got it. I'll stick with one question, and I'll back in the queue for follow-up. Thanks.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you. We'll take our next question from John Murphy with Bank of America. Please go ahead.
Good morning, guys. I just wanted to focus sort of on the supply side here just for a second. I mean, when we think about the one to six-year-old car fleet, that's gonna continue to probably shrink for the next couple of years. Competition is more focused on them, Bill, as you mentioned in the dealers. You know, it seems like the available one to six-year-old car fleet is, you know, its supply is gonna, you know, continue to shrink. Certainly what's available to you and other folks in the secondary market. You know, you've kind of, you know, mentioned going lower in the age and price spectrum, to drive volume, and you've shown an ability to kinda manage that fairly well.
I'm just curious, you know, how fast you can move on that to potentially drive volume back up here, lower, you know, price points, but higher grosses and maybe better returns just on the capital employed.
Thanks for the question, John. You know, it's interesting 'cause we're kind of living a very similar life to what we did after the 2008 and 2009 recession. You remember where you come out of that and you have less newer cars, and it kind of has to work its way through. I tell you, we're in a better position today than we were back there just because our self-sufficiency is so high. you know, we'll be able to sell what consumers are looking for, and we're gonna be able to get that really in a better way than we could after 2008, 2009 because our self-sufficiency is so high. In my opening comments, you know, one of the reasons our buys were down so far, obviously depreciation was the biggest lever.
There's also, we made some decisions just to slow down buys. There were retail cars that we purposely did not buy because of the risk of those cars in a highly depreciating type of market. Again, I'm very comfortable with where we are, and I think we're better positioned than we were in 2008 and 2009, and I think we did a phenomenal job in 2008 and 2009 navigating that period.
Maybe to follow up on that, Bill. I mean, how fast can you move on this to drive comps positive? I mean, you know, we understand the kind of the headwinds in sort of what was traditionally your core. I mean, you know, I mean, this is obvious you know it. I mean, you know, you're going after it. I mean, when do you kinda just push and, you know, just increase maybe materially the penetration of these older vehicles to drive the volumes higher?
Because, I mean, the one thing that, you know, is, you know, it's very admirable is the variable GPU or the, you know, the focus on GPUs, which is a variable cost analysis. You do have these fixed costs that are high, particularly as Enrique was talking about these technicians. You gotta cover these costs at some point, not, you know. I mean, when can you do this?
Well-
... something you're stating to do and, but you're not doing it.
Well, when you talk about penetration of the older vehicles, look, the penetration and how much we put out there is driven by the consumer demand. Not everybody wants an older, higher mileage type of vehicle that's less expensive. Again, that's all driven by demand. As we see consumers continue to demand that, we'll continue to put that out. Again, not everyone's looking for that.
Okay. you're I mean, it's really a supply. I mean, it's getting to the supply of the core product more than being able to push older.
I think it's a bigger issue. You have to go back to vehicle affordability. It's just keeping a lot of people on the sidelines right now. It's not only vehicle affordability, that's the lion's share, but you also have rising interest rates. If I look at CAF payments, just Tier 1 payments, just as an example, you know, the monthly payment, which is the biggest factor on whether someone's gonna decide to buy a car or not, it's up $150 year-over-year, with the majority of that being driven by the vehicle price, with a smaller piece being driven by the interest rates. I think you've got that, which is obviously keeping people on the sidelines, not to mention just the overall inflationary pressures.
I think what we're trying to do is make sure that we've got the right amount of inventory, the right mix of inventory, out there to meet the consumer demand and be very thoughtful about, you know, our margins in order to cover the costs and the way that we're taking a people first mindset on how we approach the business.
Okay. All right. Thank you very much.
Thanks, John.
Our next question comes from Seth Basham with Wedbush Securities. Please go ahead.
Thanks a lot, and good morning.
Good morning.
Just to clarify, for this sales environment with comps continuing to trend down 20%, you still expect SG&A to be flat to up year-over-year in the fourth quarter and going forward?
No, I mentioned that you need to back out the $23 million we got last year in the third quarter. We would expect to be down year-over-year in the fourth quarter. It gets a little bit tricky, Seth, as you know, like quarter-to-quarter things can happen, but our expectation is that we would be down year-over-year in the fourth quarter.
Okay. And how... Again, how much down? And when you think about the 20% decline persisting, when do you decide to get more aggressive on SG&A?
Yeah, well, we're not gonna provide guidance on how much down in the fourth quarter, 'cause again, there's some variability quarter-to-quarter. What I'd tell you is our expectation is that it will be down year-over-year. If you look at the kind of the trend that we've been managing to, you know, I think we've been focused on SG&A, and we've been pulling the right levers so far. If business, you know, doesn't pick up and deteriorates, you know, we have other levers we can pull, right? For the time being, we believe we pull the right levers. We'll continue to manage the business prudently as we always do.
Got it. My follow-up question is just on the wholesale business. The wholesale to retail ratio in terms of units sold declined sharply to 66% this quarter. Would you consider this the new normal?
No, I'd consider this what you would see in a highly depreciating market. you know, when prices are going down a lot like they have been, and consumers have been told for the last year that it's the best time to sell their car, they can get more than they could ever gotten before. There's a disconnect there. As prices come down, it always drives our buy rate down. The other thing I would just add to that is that we stepped back our appraisal advertising, just given the volatility of the market. No, I don't consider this the new norm.
Thank you, guys.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Our next question comes from, Sharon Zackfia with William Blair. Please go ahead.
Hi. Good morning.
Good morning.
Morning. Following up on the SG&A question, I guess, is there a way to contextualize how much you've taken out year-to-date of SG&A and what that run rate is now in the fourth quarter? Because I'm assuming that those initiatives continued in the third quarter and into the fourth quarter.
Yeah. I think the better way to think about it, Sharon, or the best way to think about it is just the cadence, the year-over-year cadence that we've had. There's always seasonality that occurs, right, quarter-to-quarter.
Mm-hmm
in our business, and that also impacts SG&A. If you again, if you go back to the first half of the year, you know, Q1, we grew SG&A 19% up year-over-year in the first quarter. In the second quarter, it was up 16% year-over-year. This quarter, if you back out the legal settlement that we got last year, you know, we are down 1%. That's a significant decrease in the pace of SG&A. We are focused on it. We are managing to the current environment, right? We think we're doing so appropriately. Now, if the business continues to be challenged, there's other things we can do. For the time being, you know, we've taken some pretty material steps to manage our SG&A.
Yeah. I think part of the confusion, it sounds as if you're expecting SG&A to be down similarly, like down 1% in the fiscal fourth quarter year-over-year. It also sounds as if you're continuing to proactively manage SG&A. I think a lot of us are trying to reconcile that in our heads as to why we wouldn't see SG&A down a bit more year-over-year than what you saw in the third quarter, if that makes sense.
Yeah. Well, we expect to continue to see SG&A kind of to go down. I think on an individual quarter, it gets a little bit challenging to give you a number that we're managing to. Many things can happen on a quarter. What I'd tell you is thematically and practically, we expect to continue to manage our SG&A down from a year-over-year basis.
Okay. Maybe separately, I mean, how should we think about SG&A on a full year basis for next year? You've got a lot of moving parts. You kind of have to, you know, keep your muscle intact for a potential rebound, but at the same time, you're dealing with a very difficult macro climate. As we think about next year, particularly with the curtailment in the unit openings, I mean, how are you viewing SG&A dollar growth?
Yeah. The way we're looking at SG&A is, you know, we've given guidance in the past, like, hey, we need 5%-8% gross profit growth to lever. I think in this kind of environment, right, in this kind of macro backdrop, that kind of guidance is less important than what I'm about to say. You know, we are actually managing, and our goal is to get to kind of the mid 70% SG&A to gross profit. Right? That is our first step on the way to improving our SG&A. We're gonna need gross profit growth to get there, right? That is our first step. You know, over time, we have talked about having an operating model that's more efficient than what it used to be, and we still expect that. That's gonna be over time, though.
omni transformations, you can take a look at other retailers that have gone through it takes time to get to a better and more efficient operating model. We expect to get back to where we used to be. It's just gonna take time. Our first step is to get to kind of the mid 70% SG&A to gross profit. Right? Again, we're gonna need gross profit support to get there. In the meantime, you know, we're gonna continue to manage our SG&A appropriately for the market, and that's what we do. You can see that's exactly what we did in the third quarter. We expect to carry that forward into the fourth quarter and into next year, and we'll do that appropriately.
Yeah. I think, Sharon, we'll also have a lot more visibility after the fourth quarter to really be able to tell you more, depending on how the business does between now and then.
Okay. Thank you.
Thank you, Sharon.
Once again, as a reminder to ask a question, that's star one. We'll go next to Craig Kennison with Baird. Please go ahead.
Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking my question as well, and I'll try to hit the SG&A topic in a different way. But, you know, there's been a change in the competitive landscape, and I think it's been to your favor. I'm wondering if philosophically you could make a change in how aggressive you are with respect to SG&A, given that, you know, winning in this market may not be a sprint anymore, but might truly be a marathon and allow you to throttle back more aggressively than, you know, just those single-digit % cuts.
Yeah, Craig, I think about it a little bit differently. I think similar to you. Look, we have competitors that are, you know, obviously struggling. I don't think now is the time where, you know, given our financial strength, where we should be pulling back a whole bunch on SG&A. We have pulled considerably back. At the same time, as I talked about in my opening remarks, we also want to make sure that we're continuing to build for the future. I think what everybody needs to remember is we don't operate this business on a quarter-to-quarter basis. We operate the business for the success over the long term, and there's some things that we're spending on that will absolutely help us the longer term. Does it give us a headwind for EPS right now? Absolutely.
Is it the right decision for the company long term? Absolutely. Again, I think really my thoughts around your question is we're going to continue to walk this fine line. We want to continue to build out the muscle. We want to continue to find near-term efficiencies, which we will do, and we'll continue to manage the business with a long-term view versus just a quarter-to-quarter view.
Maybe just to follow up, I mean, obviously, the stock's under significant pressure, and it feels like you have the long-term philosophy, but not enough shareholders are on board with it. Is there something you can do to improve the messaging or the guidance provided to, you know, maybe reduce the amount of surprise with which your results are met?
Well, I think the surprise is coming from macro factors to Enrique's point that we really, those are things that you can't control. What you need to focus on is what you can control. Obviously, I think our long-term messaging is still more intact than ever. We've got some pain here in the short term, but guess what? We've seen pain before in the short term. We've seen. You know, if you look at market share, for example, which is a proxy for how I think success is going. If you look at market share, we've historically gained market shares. I mean, even in the time where the 2008, 2009, we lost a little market share in the near term, we quickly got it back and then some more.
Even if you look in the last few years, you know, when you look back at like FY20, when we started really rolling out our online capabilities, we saw a step up in market share gains. Unfortunately, we went into COVID, we gave a little bit back, but the following year we got that back plus more. Now we're in a recessionary period. Again, I think everybody just needs to kind of keep a perspective of what we're going after long term. Yeah, the short term can be a little noisy, but the long-term message is still intact.
Great. Thanks so much.
Thanks, Craig.
We'll take our next question from Michael Montani with Evercore. Please go ahead.
Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking the question. Just wanted to ask a little bit more on the credit side for Jon. You know, if you could give us some incremental color. You had mentioned 2%-2.5% is kind of normal for Tier 1. What would the equivalent kind of loss ratio expectations be for Tier 2 and Tier 3? By way of follow-up would be, can you give some incremental color around delinquency trends and roll rates, if possible at all by tier would be very helpful.
Sure. Yeah, right on. Thanks for the question. The 2%-2.5% is again our targeted range. I think we've done a great job staying within there. You know, we've been in the Tier 3 business for, you know, since 2014. I think we've historically quoted it's basically, you know, 1% of our receivables initially. It's now 2%, and obviously substantially higher loss rates. You know, I think we've quoted often 10% of our losses when it was 1%. You're seeing maybe a 10 times tenfold loss rate difference there in the Tier 3. Tier 2 is somewhere in between, depends on where we choose to play there. There's obviously a wide spectrum.
Hopefully that gives you some color on how to expect, you know, losses, provisioning, whatever around the different buckets. Overall macro factors and, you know, delinquencies and losses impacting our portfolio. You know, I think it's very clear delinquencies are on the rise in the industry. There's no doubt you can see that within our ABS deals. We've mentioned that historically. You know, there's certainly seeing pressure in the consumer. I think we've done a really strong job at working with that consumer. While they might go 30-35 days past due, helping them find solutions such that it doesn't go into a charge-off status. We continue to fight that good fight and work with our consumers. As Bill mentioned, you know, obviously monthly payments are up.
I think we've done a nice job of being responsible in our lending to our consumers and helping them through it. You know, ultimately, we reserved accordingly expecting all of this. I think we're in a good position from a reserve standpoint. We'll watch the credit environment and the consumer very carefully. Hopefully that answers your questions.
Maybe can you just contrast a little bit the current delinquency experience you're seeing vis-à-vis, you know, what was happening in 2007 and 2008?
Sure. Yeah. I think what you're seeing historically is, I would say in 2007 and 2008, you absolutely saw an impact across the entire credit spectrum substantially. You know, I think what we've identified is we're seeing a little more pressure on maybe the lower credit consumer, the Tier 3 into the Tier 2, maybe even the lower side of our Tier 1 space. I see that definitely different. You know, again, I think that we're seeing delinquency pressure that, yeah, that hint of a challenge for the consumer, but it really is not manifesting itself into loss. Again, we're going to watch it carefully and we'll see what happens. You absolutely saw more of an impact across the credit spectrum and into the loss side in 2008, 2009.
Again, I think that's a very different environment. We can all agree with that. You know, the labor pressures back then versus now, income for the workers. We'll see where it translates. I think those are the fundamental differences we've seen.
Thank you.
Okay. We'll take our next question from Chris Bottiglieri with BNP. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Hey, guys. Thanks for taking the question. wanted to talk about your path to your target estimated growth. It sounds like it's gross profit dependent at some level. Some of the gross profit levers like service and used volumes I think are out of your control. I think it's probably fair to say. The wholesale took a pretty big step down this quarter, but you know, you've driven significant, you know, like, improvement there. I guess my point is like, you know, where do you see the gross profit improvement coming from? You know, is there any reason to think that wholesale could rebound imminently?
I think to Enrique's point earlier, it's, it is a two-piece equation. We're controlling the expense side, the gross profit. We're gonna need the business to come back. You know, we're gonna need it to come back some. I think, you know, wholesale gross profit, obviously, we made some good improvement there. Actually, wholesale and retail GPUs, I think are both strong now. It's about, you know, getting some of the volume back. I think wholesale, I'm hopeful we can grow that a little bit more. Like I said, we did some things this quarter that probably slowed that down a little bit. I think that's where it's gonna be, it'd be dependent. That'll carry some weight.
Got you. Okay. A question on CAF quickly. The penetration jumped a ton despite, like, a pretty large rate hike. I would imagine, like, you know, you've been more, you know, in terms of quicker to raise rates. The bring your own financing jumped a bit too as well, and Tier 2 and Tier 3 declined. You're also adding new partners onto the Tier 2, Tier 3 network, if I heard that correctly. Can you talk about what you're seeing there in aggregate? Are the Tier 2 and Tier 3 tightening credit at the margin? Does your new instant appraisal tool that you added, it sounds like it includes the partners more. Will that help drive penetration of Tier 2, Three? Just any thoughts there would be helpful.
Yeah. All right, let me take them sequentially here. Just to remark on overall penetration. Yeah, as we mentioned in the prepared remarks, you know, CAF penetration is up, in tandem with actually us raising rates. I think that's something we're really pleased about. You know, we know that generally you're gonna lag the market. Again, we're competing with credit unions at the higher end, but I think we've done a fantastic job at raising rates 40 basis points sequentially, 150 basis points year-over-year, and still captured that penetration. We're pleased with that. You see the Tier 2 and the Tier 2 penetration down from last year and the Tier 3 penetration down. I think that's a combination of two things.
You absolutely see the consumer challenge there, as Bill mentioned. You know, you still see an affordability issue there. Yeah, absolutely, as we mentioned, lenders are being very, you know, what they need to do to operate independently and pull back where they need to. I think there's the benefit of our platform. You've got a number of lenders that are gonna work together to figure out what's best for them, but collectively, provides a good credit offer in the long run. I think you definitely see pull back there. Chris, last part of your question, I think you mentioned not instant appraisal tool, but our pre-qual tool. Just to clarify there, you know, we mentioned that we're continuing to add lenders onto that tool.
Again, we think it's a best-in-class tool. It requires a lot of nimbleness from our lenders. They're all coming on board. You know, are we seeing engagement there? Yes. I don't know that that's necessarily driving a ton into the penetration story, albeit that tool does bring a better credit quality consumer to the application process. Does that answer your questions? What else have I missed?
No. You got my whole laundry list and thanks for correcting my misspoken. Yeah, that's what I meant was the financing penetration tool. Thank you.
Okay. Thanks, Chris.
Mm-hmm.
Okay, we'll take our next question from Chris Pierce with Needham. Please go ahead.
Hey, good morning. I just wanted to kind of get some color around. You talked about competitors acting aggressively to preference units versus price while you guys kind of do the opposite. Is that positive because it means the industry is moving back to normal, or is it a short-term negative because they're gonna have fresher inventory that's gonna lower your unit numbers? I just kind of want to know how to think about that and how that's kind of trended in the past. You've talked about seeing this before.
Yes. Yeah, Chris. I think what you're saying is there's competitors out there that just weren't moving any inventory, and depreciation has been very steep. What they're doing is they're trying to move some of that inventory. We've seen this in the past. You know, in a lot of cases, it's not sustainable over the long term because you're just not making the money that you need to, but you're trying to get units moved. It's again, the reason why we did the expansive price test. We wanted to see what the elastic. We did price tests both up and down. We did price tests down.
We also did price tests up just to kind of better understand it, which again, just gives us confidence that, you know, we made the right decision from a profitability standpoint.
Okay. Thank you.
Thank you.
Okay. We'll take our final question from David Whiston with Morningstar. Please go ahead.
Thanks. Good morning. It looks like you had a really great free cash flow generation quarter from an inventory reduction. I'm just curious, I guess, one, How much longer can you reduce your inventory to get that free cash flow benefit, yet still have adequate vehicle inventory to sell? Then you paid off the revolver with some of that free cash flow. Do you also want to pay off that June 2024 term loan to get some more balance sheet health, or would you rather have that cash on hand?
Yeah, I think in this kind of environment, you know, I think having some cash on hand isn't a bad, isn't a bad thing. You know, we absolutely used the really effective management of inventory like Bill talked about. We decreased our overall inventory year-over-year, but we actually increased our sellable inventory. That's some impressive work by the teams to work through our WIP. That was really good news. We used, though, that cash basically to, as you mentioned, to pay down the revolver this quarter, take it down to zero. We have no tap on our, on our revolver, and at the same time, sit on some cash. I just think, David, in this kind of environment, you know, it's not a bad thing to have some cash as well.
It gives us ultimately the flexibility to, you know, to manage through this kind of environment. You know, we have a really strong balance sheet. We're proud of it, and we have flexibility that others don't have in the industry, and I think that puts us in a position of strength.
Somewhat related, the buyback pause. I do understand wanting to be prudent, but should we interpret this to mean you guys are less optimistic about maybe the short to midterm than you were three months ago?
You know, it's important that we run a conservative balance sheet in this kind of environment. As I mentioned in my prepared remarks, you know, we do look at our net leverage ratio as in terms of something to manage to carefully to make sure we have ultimate flexibility when it comes to having funds and managing cap. We do have a very large captive finance organization, and that's just a key consideration that goes into it. You know, I think until the business kind of improves and just as importantly, the macro backdrop improves, I expect that we will pause the share buyback.
That being said, you know, we remain fully committed to the share repurchase program, and we'll get back into it at the appropriate time when things improve and the outlook improves.
David, it's less about our views have changed on, oh, things are gonna get worse. It's just more about the uncertainty.
Yeah, I hear you. Hopefully it's not too long of a pause. I think your stock is very attractive here.
Yep, agreed.
Great. Thank you. We don't have any further questions at this time. I'll hand the call back over to Bill for any closing remarks.
Thank you, Ashley. Well, listen, thanks everyone for joining the call today and for your questions. As I said multiple times today, we believe we're well positioned to navigate this environment, and I do think we'll emerge an even stronger company. I wanna thank again our associates for everything they're doing and their commitment to each other and the customer and the communities and the environment. I wanna wish you all a happy holiday season, and we look forward to talking again next quarter. Thank you.
Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, that concludes third quarter fiscal year 2023 CarMax earnings release conference call. You may now disconnect.