Good day, everyone, and welcome to the Littelfuse fourth quarter 2022 earnings conference call. Today's call is being recorded. At this time, I will turn the call over to the Head of Investor Relations, Trisha Tuntland. Please proceed.
Good morning, and welcome to the Littelfuse fourth quarter 2022 earnings conference call. With me today are Dave Heinzmann, President and CEO, and Meenal Sethna, Executive Vice President and CFO. Yesterday, we reported results for our fourth quarter, and a copy of our earnings release and slide presentation is available in the Investor Relations section of our website. A webcast of today's conference call will also be available on our website. Please advance to slide 2 for our disclaimers. Our discussions today will include forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements may involve significant risks and uncertainties. Please review yesterday's press release and our Form 10-K and Form 10-Q for more details about important risks that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations. We assume no obligation to update any of this forward-looking information. Also, our remarks today refer to non-GAAP financial measures.
A reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable GAAP measure is provided in our earnings release available in the Investor Relations section of our website. I will now turn the call over to Dave.
Thank you, Trisha. Good morning. Thanks for joining us today. Let's start with highlights on slide 4. 2022 was truly an exceptional year for Littelfuse as we continue to expand our leadership in high-growth end markets with significant new business wins and strategic acquisitions. We delivered record revenue of $2.5 billion, up 21% over 2021 as each of our business segments grew sales double digits. Adjusted earnings per share was also a record of $16.87, an increase of 28% year-over-year. We launched our five-year growth strategy in early 2021, have delivered strong performance within the first two years, as shown on slide 5. Our strategy targets double-digit average annual growth coupled with sustained profitability and leveraged earnings growth.
We have averaged 32% revenue growth with organic revenue growth of around 20% and averaged adjusted earnings growth of 60%. I am particularly proud of our success as we navigated the unprecedented operating environment. I want to thank our global teams for their hard work and persistent commitment to serve our customers and significantly grow our business. Meena will provide additional color on our strong financial performance. Moving on to slide 6, over the last two years, we have deployed approximately $1 billion in capital for acquisitions, adding approximately $500 million in annualized sales to further strengthen our technologies and capabilities and diversify the end market, the geographies we serve. With the ongoing diversification of our business, we have expanded our addressable global market opportunities to over $20 billion.
During 2022, we significantly advanced our strategic business initiatives within the structural growth themes of sustainability, connectivity, and safety. We drove content and share gains in high-growth end markets, both organically and through acquisitions. We acquired C&K Switches, strengthening our global presence across industrial, transportation, Data comm, and aerospace end markets, and then Embed, expanding our software and firmware capabilities within transportation and industrial applications. In addition, our integration of Carling Technologies is well on track, and we made substantial progress capitalizing on strong demand across commercial vehicle end markets to drive significant growth. Organically, we are investing to support continued growth in both customer-facing aspects of our business, as well as in manufacturing capacity and productivity. During 2022, we advanced our ESG program initiatives, reinforcing our commitment to our long-term strategy.
We set goals to increase our associate diversity and are proud of our progress shown on slide 7. We believe our recognition by Forbes as one of America's best mid-sized companies and by Newsweek as one of its most responsible companies further substantiates our performance in the environmental, social, and corporate governance areas. All of our achievements to date play a crucial role in building on our strong business foundation. The evolution of our capabilities to better serve our customers equips us to tackle new challenges and opportunities in the future. We have a strong track record of achieving best-in-class results and expect to deliver ongoing performance consistent with our growth strategy. Before we get into business design wins, I'd like to start with customer and market dynamics we are seeing. Starting with our channel partners, our electronics book-to-bill continues to run below 1.0.
We are seeing electronics distributors accelerate their reduction of inventory levels as supply chains and lead times normalize. We expect these inventory reductions to continue through the second quarter at current POS levels. Our industrial distribution partners are operating within normal inventory levels. Within end markets, we continue to see ongoing softer demand across various electronics markets, including consumer-facing areas, cloud, and telecom applications. End market demand remains healthy across renewables, industrial automation and safety, and electrification of vehicles and charging infrastructure. We delivered solid performance within passenger vehicle end markets during 2022. This was overshadowed by unfavorable foreign exchange and inventory unwind at Tier Ones and OEMs. Absent these combined headwinds, our automotive technology portfolio across all of our businesses outgrew the market by 600 basis points. Considering the volatility of the automotive industry over recent years, we are proud of our long-term performance.
Over the last three years, we have delivered double-digit content outgrowth. Looking ahead, despite our outlook for a flat global car build in 2023, we expect to continue to outperform the market based on significant design wins in electrification and electronification. In commercial vehicle end markets, we continue to see stable demand across material handling, agriculture and construction equipment, and heavy-duty truck and bus. With our successful integration of Carling throughout 2022, we fulfilled a strong order backlog to achieve 20% growth over its previous standalone year. We now see short-term inventory rebalancing of Carling products at distributors and in customers. Meenal will provide an additional color on our outlook. Let's move on to business design wins during 2022.
The global structural themes of sustainability, connectivity, and safety are complementary and are driving innovation and growth across the industrial, transportation, and electronics end markets we serve. Given our diversified technologies and capabilities, we play a significant role in the advancement of these themes. Within our industrial end markets on slide 8, we expanded our global leadership presence based on technical expertise and high-performing technologies. Our capabilities are critical to enabling customers' high-voltage applications focused on sustainability and safety. In renewables for solar, wind, and energy storage systems, our company-wide portfolio and variety of new products won a significant business to grow our market share. In the area of safety, evolving electrical standards require our application expertise and innovative solutions to achieve compliance. We substantially grew our market position with major restaurant chains and manufacturing companies.
In commercial and residential HVAC, systems are required to meet energy efficiency and safety standards, and our broad portfolio secured sizable business. Efficiency and safety requirements also pertain to electrical infrastructure, motor drives, power supplies, factory automation, and manufacturing equipment where we grew our business. Our product content and rate of new business wins is increasingly leading customers, and we expect this to continue based on our capability and intensifying focus on enabling applications around sustainability and safety. Turning to our transportation end markets on slide 9, our investments for growth are extending our leadership position. We are partnering with our customers to drive key developments in the electrification and electronification of passenger and commercial vehicles. Our joint collaboration focused on sustainability, connectivity, and safety drove significant new business.
In passenger vehicles, we continue to grow with major OEMs based on our global technical support and strength of our product portfolio. As a result, our average content across passenger vehicles has grown to $7. Our ability to continue our growth is supported by our design wins. Across vehicle platforms, we secured over $550 million in new design wins over the life of the programs. Over half of these new business wins are on electrified platforms. We won significant business in electrification within battery management systems, high voltage power distribution, and onboard chargers. In electronification, we captured substantial business in ADAS, infotainment, telematics, and comfort and convenience applications. We also continued to expand our business in traditional low-voltage applications. Our design wins extended pipeline of new business opportunities and expanding technologies for electrified platforms support the continuation of double-digit content outgrowth.
In commercial vehicles, we made significant progress integrating Carling and see a broad range of growth opportunities ahead of us. We leveraged our expanded offerings to win global business with major OEMs. In electrification, we grew our business in trucks, buses, and two and three wheelers within battery management systems, onboard chargers, and powertrain control modules. In broader commercial vehicle markets, we increased our product content in heavy duty trucks, material handling, construction and agriculture equipment, and rail traction for train for off-board charging infrastructure to support passenger and commercial vehicles, our engineering capabilities and differentiated range of products such as power semiconductors, fuses, relays, and switches secured significant new business. Overall, electrification and electronification are important themes in the transportation industry that are helping to reduce emissions and improve efficiencies, connectivity, and safety.
We are confident in our abilities, investments in e-mobility will strengthen our market leadership through greater product content and growth. Moving on to slide 10. Sustainability, connectivity, and safety are drivers of growth in the electronics end markets. We leveraged our global reach and broad portfolio, further enhanced with C&K and Carling, who have extended relationship with OEMs to secure multi-technology business wins. With the ongoing push towards energy efficiency and battery power, we want business and appliances and hand tools. Greater connectivity requirements drove new business in data centers, telecom infrastructure, and building technologies and automation. Our products are vital to safety and protection of human life as we secured business for security systems and a variety of medical devices. We are extremely well-positioned to expand the proliferation of our electronics content across a wide range of applications focused on sustainability, connectivity, and safety.
A pipeline of new business opportunities is robust and expanded with our acquisitions. We look forward to building on our collective market positions with our various industry-leading brands. Our combined success of winning business will serve as a platform for continued growth. Our new business wins represent a diverse range of end markets, applications, and geographies. We also continue to build a pipeline of identified new business opportunities as we see our customers' engineering teams return to focus on new product development. Now that customers have worked through many supply chain challenges, they have pivoted back to new design and activity, which is accelerating. We are well-positioned within this design-rich environment, which will drive long-term business wins. We fully expect that the organic growth from the new business activities, coupled with our acquisitions, will enhance and sustain our long-term growth.
I will now turn the call over to Meenal to provide additional color on our financial performance and outlook.
Thanks, Dave. Good morning, everyone. Happy New Year, and thank you for joining us today. Let's start with slide 12. Revenue in the fourth quarter was $613 million, up 11% versus last year. Sales were up 4% organically after adjusting for acquisitions, foreign exchange, and last year's 14th week. GAAP operating margins were 15.4% and adjusted margins 17.4%, expanding 40 basis points versus last year. Fourth quarter GAAP diluted earnings per share was $3.74, and adjusted diluted EPS was $3.34, up 6% over last year. Turning to slide 13, we finished a record year with sales of $2.51 billion, up 21% versus last year.
Sales were up 11% organically after adjusting for acquisitions, foreign exchange, and last year's 14th week in the fourth quarter. GAAP operating margins were 19.9%. Adjusted operating margins finished at 21.6%, and Adjusted EBITDA margins were 26.4%, both expanding 250 basis points in the year. Incremental operating margins for the year were 34%. We finished the year positive on price cost, continuing to demonstrate the value we bring to our customers while managing our cost structure. The GAAP diluted was $14.94. Adjusted diluted EPS was $16.87, up 28% versus last year. Our full-year GAAP effective tax rate was 15.7%, and adjusted effective rate was 17.4%, finishing slightly better than our expectations.
Our business model amplifies the continued strength of our cash generation. For the year, operating cash flow was $420 million, and free cash flow, $315 million, both records for the company and growing 12%. Our free cash flow conversion from net income was 84%, a bit lower than our historical trends as we've maintained higher inventory levels aligning to our customers' needs and supply chain sharpness. We have a strong balance sheet and capital structure, ending 2022 with over $550 million in cash on hand and net debt to EBITDA leverage of 1.2 times. This gives us ongoing flexibility to continue allocating capital for both growth and return to shareholders.
During 2022, we invested over $600 million back into our business through strategic acquisitions and capital expenditures, and we returned $56 million to shareholders through our ongoing quarterly dividend. Let's move to fourth quarter and full year segment highlights, starting with electronics on slide 14. Within the quarter, organic growth was 2%. We saw continued strength across industrial end markets and electrification themes, partly offset by softer demand across various electronics end markets. We also saw an increasing trajectory in channel inventory reductions as we exited the quarter. We ended the quarter with operating margins just shy of 25%, expanding 160 basis points versus last year. We capped the year with organic revenue growth of 12%.
Margins finished at nearly 29% for the year and Adjusted EBITDA margins at 33.5%, both expanding 500 basis points versus last year and well above our segment target range. We finished the year positive on price cost as our teams balanced price increases to offset ongoing inflationary costs. Moving to our transportation segment on slide 15, our passenger vehicle business grew 5% organically in the quarter and was down 1% for the year. Our content growth for the year was masked by customers continuing to reduce inventory levels. Within commercial vehicles, sales for the quarter were up 7% organically and up 9% for the year as we delivered on content growth while leveraging strong end markets. We saw a sequential sales decline into the fourth quarter, largely from our Carling business.
Following several quarters of strong demand from pent-up backlog, we experienced fourth quarter slowdowns from Carling customers also adjusting their inventory levels. Within the quarter, operating margins finished lower than our expectations at 3.5%. We maintained double-digit EBITDA levels. Margins were weakened by 200 basis points in unfavorable foreign exchange effects as well as excess costs from lower production volumes. For the year, operating margins finished at nearly 9%, while Adjusted EBITDA margins were a solid 15%. We continue to focus on both sides of the price cost equation, implementing price actions to cover ongoing inflation and reducing costs to better align our operating structure to expected volumes. We expect margins to progressively improve in the coming quarters. On slide 16, our industrial segment had another strong quarter of double-digit organic growth, with organic sales finishing up 20% for the year.
We continue to see strong demand across most end markets and a number of wins in new and higher growth end markets. Operating margins finished at 16% for the year, and Adjusted EBITDA margins close to 19%, both expanding 700 basis points. Our teams have focused on continued operational execution aligned to the volume growth and pricing actions to offset inflationary trends. Turning to the forecast on slide 17, I'll start with our view of the market landscape. We're seeing a broad range of signals across our end markets, ranging from continued growth across e-mobility themes, industrial and commercial vehicle markets, offset by weakness across many of our electronics end markets. We expect increased inventory rebalancing at our distribution channel partners continuing through the first half of this year, affecting our electronics segment. We also expect a continuation of customer inventory reductions affecting our transportation segment.
Inflationary trends continue largely in resin-based materials, energy costs, and wages, with some offsets from reduced transportation costs. With this backdrop, we expect first quarter sales in the range of $575 million-$605 million. At the midpoint, that's a total sales decline of 5% and organic decline of 11% versus last year. We expect sales to decline across both the electronics and transportation segments due to the inventory reductions at our customers and channel partners. We expect a partial offset with growth in the industrial segment. We project adjusted EPS to be in the range of $2.73-$2.97, which includes a 19% tax rate. As a reminder, first quarter last year was a record for the company due to mix, an elevated backlog, and a much more robust macro environment.
This creates a challenging comparable for the first quarter of 2023. Sequentially, we expect first quarter adjusted earnings to decline 15%, reflecting the segment mix of electronic sales declining sequentially, partially offset by sales growth across industrial and transportation. Turning to slide 18, I'll add some color for the full year 2023. Last quarter, we estimated foreign exchange to have a $50 million negative sales impact for the full year. At current rates, we don't expect foreign exchange to have a material impact to our 2023 sales or earnings.
For the year, we expect to maintain our company average operating margin within our long-term target range of 17%-19%, but may vary by quarter out of the range. By segment, we're projecting electronics operating margins to average over 20%, industrial in the upper teens, and transportation improving through the year with double-digit operating margins in the back half of the year. In addition, we're projecting $64 million in amortization expense and about $40 million in interest expense at current interest rates. We're estimating a full year tax rate of 18%, and we expect to invest $110 million-$120 million in capital expenditures. In summary, the continued broadening of our portfolio and markets and geographies have enabled us to drive profitable growth across the company.
While we may see some near-term macro weakness and customer inventory reductions impacting parts of our business, we will continue balancing both the short term and the long term. Our near-term focus will be on margin optimization, prioritizing our transportation segment. Our long-term priority remains investing for content growth and share gains into high growth end markets. Our strong balance sheet and cash generation abilities give us the ongoing foundation to invest for value creation. I'd like to thank our diverse teams and partners around the world for their innovation, capabilities, and dedication in driving a record year for our company. With that, I'll turn it back to Dave for some final comments.
Thanks, Meenal. In summary, on slide 19, our talented associates, investments for growth, and operational excellence has delivered record performance in 2022. Our track record of double-digit sales and earnings growth over the last five, 10, and 15 years speaks to the resiliency of the Littelfuse business model and the strength of our growth strategy. Over this time, we have expanded our leadership and presence in high growth end markets, technologies, and geographies, which has diversified our business and improved the resiliency of our profitability. Though we may see some near-term market challenges, we are better diversified today and have honed our playbook to successfully manage through dynamic environments. Our experienced teams, investments in diversification position us for continued growth and will deliver ongoing substantial value to all of our stakeholders. With that, I will now turn the call back to the operator for Q&A.
At this time, if you'd like to ask a question, simply press star then the number one on your telephone keypad. Our first question will come from the line of Matthew Sheerin with Stifel. Please go ahead.
Good morning, Matt.
Yes. Thank you. Hey, good morning. First question regarding the outlook for the electronics business. You're talking about channel inventory correction. Could you give us an idea of what the channel inventories look like versus normalized levels? What makes you think things are gonna sort of bottom out in Q3 or Q2? The distributors are talking about, you know, having elevated levels up again this quarter. It sounds like it's gonna take longer for them to work it down. What kind of visibility do you have to that?
Sure. Thanks. Thanks, Matt. You know, we've talked historically about the fact with our electronics distribution channels that kind of on average across the globe and across the different types of distributors, you know, 14-17 weeks is really kind of our normal range that we choose to operate. What I would say is that it varies. Our weeks of inventory varies across the product lines. We have some of our core product lines that are a couple weeks above that range. We also have some other product lines, like our Power semiconductor products, that are on the bottom end of the range, and have really strong backlogs. It's a bit of a mixed bag between them. Clearly, you know, there's accelerating actions by our distribution partners to drive their inventory levels down.
I know you were on calls with Avnet, you know, and Arrow's release today, and obviously their inventories are pretty high. Right now, while our distributors, you know, book-to-bills are slightly below 1, POS is still hanging in at a pretty good level out there. Kind of all of our views are really based on where are we at with the current POS levels across the globe, and how does that drive our inventory actions for us. Obviously, you saw a little bit in the fourth quarter where those actions began to take place. Already inventory corrections were taking place in the fourth quarter. You know, they're certainly accelerating into the first quarter. It's our current view at the current POS levels and things like that.
It should work our way through that through the kind of the first half of the year. The reality is, as you know, cycles are kind of difficult to predict, and it's been a pretty unpredictable last two or three years, and it may be unpredictable this year as well. That's why we're kind of really looking one quarter out.
Fair enough. Regarding the operating margin guide for the year of 17%-19%, you're starting off in the low 16% range as you're guiding here. I would think that electronics would continue to be depressed or even maybe margins down in the June quarter. What's gonna drive those margins back to that 17%-19% range?
Sure. Thanks, Matt. You know, it, in part aligns to what Dave just talked about, right? Which is as we look out, we look out at the landscape at current dynamics and current POS levels, specifically around electronics, you know, we would expect from where we sit today, a couple quarters continuing of inventory destocking. If POS levels continue to remain where they are, you know, we would see improving margins, you know, as our sales aligns to that. The other thing is in some of our prepared commentary, I also talked about improving transportation margins, and also talked about, you know, really maintaining margins in our target range across our industrial segment. The combination of all that gives us confidence when we think about total company aligned to that range on average for the year.
Okay. That's helpful. Okay, thanks. Thank you very much.
Thanks, Matt. We'll take our next question, please.
Our next question will come from the line of Luke Junk with Baird. Please go ahead.
Morning, Luke.
Morning.
Good morning, Trisha. Thanks for taking the questions, everyone. Want to start with a margin question on electronics and more of a mechanical question, really. Can you just help us understand how that business should flex as growth turns negative here to start 2023? Specifically, really hoping to tease out any differences between the passive side of your portfolio and the semiconductor business. I know the latter has some higher capital costs, so just want to understand the margin dynamics given your sales guidance. Thank you.
Yeah. I mean, you know, overall across our electronic segment, right, margins, the margins in that segment are the strongest across the portfolio. When we see, flexes up in growth, we get very strong incrementals, and then the opposite happens on the decremental side. You know, there are different varying margin ranges across all of our products, but in general, you know, we just look at the electronic segment in aggregate and know that compared to maybe other parts of our portfolio, like transportation or industrial, stronger incrementals, and so also on the flip side, some higher decremental margins. That's. You know, I know those are some of the questions about Q3- Q4. We see that Q4 going into the Q1 forecast, and that's really what we're seeing there, is we see that sequential sales decline going into the first quarter.
Okay, thanks for that, Meena. Staying with margins, can you just speak to the level of growth that you're contemplating to get to high-teen margins in the industrial business this year? I know you've been targeting that. Longer term, just want to understand growth dynamics and to what extent, integration, especially Hartland, is being potentially reflected in that commentary as well incrementally. Thank you.
Sure. Maybe just, you know, so I'll step back high levels we think about segments. We've talked about from where we sit today, the industrial markets remain strong, so we remain positive on, you know, on that, on that segment of where we sell into industrial markets. We're confident in our above market content outgrowth coming through across transportation. We think that that'll be solid as well. Even across our electronic segment, right, where we're selling into a lot of markets that cover electrification, that cover industrial markets, et cetera, you know, we expect to continue that to be very good from what we're seeing today. Couple that with ongoing work that we're doing across Carling with synergy realization, with C&K synergy realization, and just in general work that we're doing around the transportation margin profile overall.
That's really what continues to give us confidence in that, in that 2023 target in that 17%-19% range.
Okay. I'll leave it there. Thank you.
Thanks, Luke. We'll take our next question, please.
Your next question will come from the line of Joshua Buchalter with Cowen. Please go ahead.
Good morning, Josh.
Hey, guys.
Hey, good morning. Thank you for taking my question. Congrats on the record 2022. I guess I wanted to, I guess hone in specifically on gross margins. You, you gave a lot of helpful color on the margin line, but I was hoping you could give us a little guidance on what we should be modeling for gross margins particularly, as it sounds like, you know, utilization rates are coming down and there's inflationary pressures. You know, I guess trying to understand the trajectory of that line and what that implies for OpEx for the year. Thank you.
Yeah. You know, we don't usually provide any specific guidance around growth margins, so I'll come back to what I was talking about with, you know, with our different segments. In general, when we think about stronger growth on the top line with the capacity that we built across our network, across the company, you know, we tend to see good variable margins, stronger across electronics with a, with a higher margin profile, but still very, very solid across our transportation industrial. When we see growth, the margin profile ends up being good. That comes through the gross profit line. I would say just some OpEx commentary in general.
You know, through the past few years, despite the amount of sales growth we've had, we have definitely leveraged, we've had good leverage on OpEx, and we have not, like other companies you hear out there, we didn't add to the same level as others did. We feel pretty good about our OpEx levels. We continue to invest for organic growth trajectory, short-term and long-term. You know, we'll continue to monitor the situation and the broader environment. If we have to make adjustments in OpEx, we'll do that.
Got it. No, thank you. I appreciate the color. I guess I wanted to also on the channel digestion topic about your on-book inventories. It's well above where you've typically run, but it's also a very different environment after a couple of years of shortages, and you've done a bunch of acquisitions. You mentioned where levels are in the channel and what the target is there. Can you provide any similar metrics of how you're thinking about your on-books inventory and where we should expect that to move the next couple of quarters? Thank you.
Sure. I think it's a great question. Yeah, I think the challenge that we deal with, like many of our customers deal with, is it's been a pretty volatile time over the last two or three years, and there's still a lot of volatility going on. you know, in the fourth quarter with the COVID situation in China and major disruptions going on there that took place kind of in the fourth quarter. Seems to be rebounding nicely after people are coming back after Chinese New Year. I think the question mark for ourselves too is, as demand, you know, continues to be still relatively robust on us, what level of increased inventory do we carry versus maybe our historical norm?
Keeping in mind that we, like many, many of our customers and other peers, a lot of that increase in inventory is not volume related, it's cost related, because we've dealt a lot with a lot of inflationary costs in our materials and our components that we're acquiring. There's a big step up that takes place just not in volume, but actually just in the inflationary cost. That's reflected in the higher level. Also volumes are up as we've kind of dealt with higher demands and that volatility. For sure it's an area that our teams are working on, and we would hope over the course of the year to begin to burn that level down to get. You know, begin to kind of come back to a more normal environment as we kind of exit the year.
I think that's an opportunity for us and our teams.
That's really helpful color. Thank you.
Thanks for your questions, Josh.
Our next question will come from the line of David Kelley with Jefferies. Please go ahead.
Good morning, David.
Hey, good morning, team. Maybe also a follow-up on the margin discussion from my end, and specifically the electronic segment margin. You know, you're guiding to above 20% for the full year, you know, really impressive in light of the channel destocking. You know, if we take a step back, can you walk us through what has changed structurally in your electronics business that sets you up in this destocking period versus prior cycle downturns?
Sure. Thanks. Thanks, David. You know, a lot of it I've been talking about the past several quarters, right? There's a lot of structural work that we've done over the past few years as we've added capacity. You know, we got to the point where we've added capacity, and we've been able to improve our output through the capacity we have. You know, just financially, what that does is that helps us drive better margins. You can drive more production, more capacity out of your same footprint, so that's been a positive. As always, we don't talk about all this anymore, but we've continued to do footprint work through the past few years. Versus where we were in 2019, we've got a more streamlined footprint of a lot of things we've done.
You know, we had talked about that as part of the IXYS integration. That was the last piece. That's helped there. You know, other work, I had talked about productivity initiatives, which are part of our DNA of things that we've done. A lot of that has definitely helped. The last piece is, you know, we've gone through a couple of years now of price realization, really to offset some of the inflationary pieces. Yes, you know, I would expect that we'll get back to some normal trends in pricing. That'll be a little erosion, but I don't expect that to happen, you know, overnight or quickly. We still feel good about where we are today.
Okay. Got it. Thank you.
Great.
Maybe on that last point, you know, can you still be, or do you expect to still be positive price costs in electronics in 2023? Should we, you know, model that rolling over a bit this year?
Yeah, I think, you know, from where we sit today around our thoughts on both pricing and where inflation is going, I would say from a company perspective, we'll probably be closer to neutral. Again, that's where we sit today. We talked about in the prepared commentary, there's still pricing that we are going after with customers because our costs continue to go up. There's pricing there, but not necessarily on the electronic side.
Okay. Thank you. Then maybe if I could squeeze in one more on the transport business, and appreciate the color on the ongoing customer inventory unwind there. You know, we're starting to see signs of supply chain improvement in autos that's enabling some better production and capacity utilization. You know, in light of that, where are we in the process with the customer inventory unwind? You know, how's the visibility to that into 2023?
Clearly we also see that, you know, in talking to our customers that some of their limitations on supply chain are beginning to ease. There's still some out there, some are easing, that's a positive sign certainly. We've gone through a fair amount of inventory rebalancing in our passenger car business in the course of, you know, 2022. What I would say is we're through the bulk of it. We do expect to continue to see some inventory correction in the first quarter. Maybe it bleeds into the second quarter, for the most part, we see working our way through it in the first quarter. We're through the bulk of that in the passenger car side.
We mentioned in the prepared portions as well, on the commercial vehicle side, we also saw where there's some inventory rebalancing, particularly on the Carling products. The Carling business that we acquired, I mentioned it, but if you take our Carling business in 2022 compared to the stand-alone year, under the previous ownership, we grew that 20% last year, which was very significant. When we acquired the business, it came with a really strong backlog. The teams worked very hard to ramp up production and capabilities, and that's one of the values that we bring sometimes to acquisitions is the disciplines and ability to drive things at the factory level. We were quite successful at doing that and grew that business 20% from when we acquired it.
Customers have been dealing with long backlogs there prior to our acquisition. We've cleaned that up, the customers and distribution partners there have reached that point where, okay, well, now lead times are significantly lower. You guys are delivering very rapidly on that, they're pulling back a little bit on inventory too. We see that also kind of, you know, impacting, continuing to impact a bit in the first quarter as well.
Okay. Got it. That's really helpful. Thanks, Dave.
Thanks.
Yep. Thanks, David, for your questions. Appreciate it.
As a reminder to ask a question, please press star one. Our next question will come from the line of David Williams with Benchmark. Please go ahead.
Morning, David.
Good morning. Congrats on navigating the discourse environment here. Just had a couple of quick things and I'm... Yeah. I'm sorry.
Yep, we can hear you.
Okay. Good. Good. Not to beat a proverbial dead horse here, but on the inventory level, kind of curious if you are seeing or maybe a change in rationale from your customers in terms of the levels that they carry. If we're burning inventory back down to maybe an elevated level that they're carrying now versus what would be a normalized level. Just kind of how you think about that, those levels and the normalized.
Yeah, I think, I think it's a great question. It's a question we ask ourselves, and we talk with customers often, and we talk with our distribution partners and what they're seeing with the end customers. You know, I think it's our assertion right now that end customers will probably carry a bit elevated inventories compared to they were pre-pandemic. Now, they're not gonna carry at the level they've been operating in the last few months, so there's gonna be some bleed down to that. That's certainly impacting our business. Our current assertion is they'll still keep a bit elevated because of the volatility we've experienced, which is, you know, it's been many different aspects that have impacted.
Certainly got kicked off by COVID, but many other aspects, whether it's, you know, fires in semiconductor fabs in Japan or freezes in Texas and things like that. It's been a lot of volatility. I think our belief is that there will be slightly elevated inventories that our end customers carry for the foreseeable future.
Okay. Very helpful. Thank you. Then maybe secondly, and you touched on China just a bit earlier. It sounds like you're seeing some indications of a, of a recovery after the Chinese New Year. Just, I'm maybe curious about that geography, how you're thinking about demand trends there, and is that an area that could be, potentially maybe a little stronger than what you're thinking now just as that economy recovers?
Yeah. I would say it's a bit early to kind of to take much of a position on that yet. Certainly at our own factories and our own suppliers and even kind of our core customers we're dealing with, the rebound and returning employees after the Lunar New Year has been pretty positive and has had kind of surprisingly robust in some ways. There was nervousness about that. We're seeing that as a positive sign. I think so. Certainly on our teams. Our teams in China have been phenomenal in dealing with the situation of, you know, early in 2022 having zero COVID policies to, you know, in the back end of the year, where very high percentages of employees who had COVID and dealt with those disruptions.
Our teams managed through that really effectively with the strength of our teams in China and has kinda recovered relatively quickly. I guess I would say how does that impact potential demand in China in the back half of the year? What I would say is I'm hopeful, we're hopeful that that might portend that there could be an improvement in demand in the Chinese market as the year goes on. I think it's kinda early to call that for sure.
Thanks so much.
Appreciate your questions, David. We'll take our next caller, please.
Your next question will come from the line of David Silver with C.L. King & Associates. Please go ahead.
Morning, David.
Good morning. Yeah. Thank you. A few questions. And I'll copy my predecessor's reference to maybe risking beating a dead horse. There was a question about decrementals, and I believe it was related more to the electronic segment. When I looked, you know, across all of your segments, you know, change in revenue versus change in operating income, 3Q- 4Q, I mean, there was a, you know, kind of a pretty high decremental in each of those segments. I was just wondering if you could take a step back and maybe, you know, describe some buckets, you know, where, I don't know, mix issues or the lower volumes in transportation?
Overall, I mean, what do you think were the key elements in kind of a 70% or so decremental kind of company-wide 3Q- 4Q? Thank you.
Sure, David. You know, stepping back on just some of the questions we've got, but if I aggregate it all, you know, versus where we were a quarter ago, we definitely saw some additional and accelerated destocking in some areas. You know, David has been talking about the channel destocking we saw definitely accelerated as we got through the quarter going into Q1. I talked about earlier the fact that, you know, with electronics being our strongest margin segment, right, the decrementals on that also tend to be higher than the company average. I'd say that's one. We also talked about the fact that we saw continued destocking in auto and new destocking as we got into the end of the quarter with Carling customers because of the strong backlog, and we were able to meet all of the customer demands.
That also had an in-incremental reduction as well. When we talk about this element of destocking, what does it mean? It's a combination of the fact that, you know, sales come down, we're producing less, and in some cases, you know, the environment changed pretty rapidly within this past 90 days or so. You've got sales dropping, and you've got what we call stranded production costs. You know, as you're reacting, you're trying to react very quickly, but you're watching this all happen real time. It's all that additional production cost. I would say the last piece also on our industrial segment, and we had the same thing happen last year, the team really tried to pull in shipments out of China before the Chinese New Year. Good thing, you know, given everything that had been going on.
We incurred some extra logistics costs in that period that then get washed out with additional sales in the next quarter. It's really the combination of those. I'd say that's the 80/20 to the whole mix.
Great. Thank you. Next question would be about the comment, I guess, regarding design wins for off-board charging. You know, my recollection is you've discussed that opportunity in terms of tier 1, tier 2, tier 3, where the lower two tiers kind of are a single-digit dollar opportunity per unit, but the highest tier is, you know, triple-digit dollars or more per unit. I was just wondering if you could characterize the overall quality of your design wins in terms of, you know, the percentage that might be in that highest dollar opportunity tier. Secondly, any idea or any sense of a timeline or when a design win in that area kind of converts into production shipments and revenue? Thank you.
That's a relatively complex question because the dynamics and the types of customers that are engaged in the off-board charging and things like that, some of them are moving very rapidly, and their design cycles are relatively short. Can be a year or so to get from design to revenue. More typically is a couple of years. There tend to be long design cycles in that space. So it can be, I would say, design in to production, they're 1-2 years. I think that's probably a generally a good way of looking at it. And it's evolving differently in different regions of the world as well. I think we have kind of a healthy mix. You know, we're focused on Level 2 and Level 3, right?
At level one, the opportunities, yes, there's a little bit there, but that's not our focus. It's level two and level three. Level two, by far the highest volume, space, and opportunity. We continue to look for are there additional technologies that we can bring to that space, you know, and expand our TAM even within the level two charging as well as level three. Level three, obviously per unit, the content opportunity is significantly higher. The design intensity tends to be much higher at the level three charging because these are pretty complex systems that require really strong coordination between the systems within the unit, and so they require a higher level of engineering engagement.
I would say we're spending, you know, a higher level of time there because of the complexity and what it takes to support those sorts of design wins. I think we're well-positioned. We're working very crisply with all the leaders out there, and then the really long tail of a lot of players who are not the leaders in the industry that we support in, you know, in other ways. We feel good about the engagement. We think there's more things we can do to expand our TAM within those applications as well.
Okay, great. Then last question would be big picture question maybe about China, not so much the lockdowns and reopening, but I think the during the fourth quarter, the current presidential administration issued a broad set of restrictions on technology trade with China. You know, I was just wondering from your perspective, how that may have affected your business or that of your customers. My guess is not too directly, but maybe there are some indirect factors that you have to adapt to in terms of supply chain or customer. Maybe your customers have to make some adjustments, and that's extended some, you know, some delivery dates. Just broadly speaking, how has the prospect for a longer termSet of restrictions on technology trade with China.
How has that flowed through, you know, your thinking about operating your business and prospects, let's say, over the medium term? Thank you.
Sure. You know, first and foremost, you know, the enhanced restrictions that have taken place, and even now that, there seems to be agreement, in the Netherlands and in Japan on further restrictions on tool sets and things like that into China, they have no direct impact on us. The technologies that we produce in China or sell into China, and we tend to be on the power side, protection side of things. From a technology, they're really technical here, but they're dealing with high voltage and voltage withstand, which means you operate in a much different way than you do in the really the high-end logic sorts of applications. You know, lines and features in our world are quite large.
Most of the restrictions that are taking place are on the more advanced, really small features in semiconductors that enable some of the advanced logic-based types of technologies, which is not the world we play in. From a direct perspective, it doesn't impact us. From selling into the customers, I would say the areas that kinda start getting hit the hardest are really the high-end electronics and communication side of things, those sorts of areas. We sell into those spaces. Consumer-facing is not a big, you know, a big outsized portion of our business, we don't see that impacting as hard. Overall, I would say, you know, the challenges in the political geopolitical environments are not a positive outcome.
You know, we'd like to see those, be in a little more, compatible and working between the regions, you know, for the long term. In the, in the near term, we don't see, you know, any meaningful impact to the business.
Great. Thank you very much. Appreciate it.
Thanks for your questions, David. That concludes our Q&A session. Thank you for joining us on today's call and your interest in Littelfuse. We look forward to talking with you again soon. Have a great day.