Good day, and welcome to the Energy Vault Third Quarter 2023 Earnings Call. All participants will be in a listen-only mode. Should you need assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by zero. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your touchtone phone, and to withdraw your question, please press star then two. Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Mr. Laurence Alexander. Please go ahead, sir.
Thank you. Hello, and welcome to Energy Vault's Third Quarter 2023 Earnings Conference Call. As a reminder, Energy Vault's third quarter earnings press release is available now on our investor website. A replay of this call will be available later today on the Investor Relations website. This call is now being recorded. If you object in any way, please disconnect now. Please note that Energy Vault's earnings release and this call contain forward-looking statements that are subject to risk and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements are only estimates and may differ materially from the actual future events or results due to a variety of factors. We caution everyone to be guided in their own analysis of Energy Vault by referring to our 10-Q. This filing is for a list of factors that cause our results to differ from those anticipated in any forward-looking statement.
We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, except as required by law. In addition, please note that we will be presenting and discussing certain non-GAAP information. Please refer to the safe harbor disclaimer and the non-GAAP financial measures presented in our earnings release for more details, including a reconciliation to comparable GAAP measures. As previously announced, I'm delighted to introduce Bernie Colson, our new VP of Investor Relations, who is on this call and will be hosting these calls in the future. Joining me on the call today is Robert Piconi, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Jan Kees van Gaalen, our Chief Financial Officer. At this time, I'd like to hand this call over to Robert Piconi.
Thank you, Laurence, and welcome to everybody to our third quarter earnings call. I'm really happy to share these results as you hopefully got a chance to see, reporting record revenue in our young life here as a company in excess of $172 million as a direct result of our project execution performance that I'll talk about later. But I think a significant number in just looking at revenue for a second in terms of meeting our expectations here in our second half ramp. And just to remind you, our largest quarter before this, so it was actually $100 million in our fourth quarter of last year and our first year of revenue. So really happy with the results in executing for customers.
Obviously, this revenue recognition is a result of that and of the teams on the ground, across the various sites, where we are executing a very large, steep ramp here to meet customer needs and expectations. The other thing, as I'll mention, we announced this morning. You would have seen our first turnover of our hybrid battery system in Southern California. It's one of the largest ones, in Southern California, 275 MWh. Again, another milestone for the company here in this year, which is about execution, across a lot of the deals. We continue to announce, as we did last year, in multi-gigawatt-hours and continued to announce this year. But want to share with you where I'm calling in from, which is China, and speaking to you live from Shanghai, where I have a keynote speech.
Later on today, I'll be participating on a panel, as well. So it's quite early in the morning here. And the conference here is focused on carbon neutrality, and a green investment conference, hosted by some of the local government organizations and also, various, energy-related partners. But even more exciting since I've been here are my visits to our first site in Rudong this week. I'm accompanied by one of our board members, Larry Paulson, who's here with me. Larry's no stranger to a lot of international assignments, given his background at Qualcomm and Nokia, and serving on our board here as our lead independent.
But it, it's really just hard to put into words the broad excitement here locally, and that's not only at the site, and within all of our meetings we've had, thus far, but even in coming into the conference last night, where they had a kickoff and, a just tremendous focus here on, on this first system, the impact and some of the other announcements that we made on, on Monday morning, yesterday, with some of the new projects, announced here. It's really exciting to be a part of some of the largest renewable build-outs in the world, with our efficient and reliable and very economical storage system here in our EVx.
China Tianying is our local partner, and a leader in China in environmental services and waste management, has been doing incredible work collaborating with our technical team in these final commissioning phases. And I just can't say enough about their expertise in engineering and construction and optimizing how we're implementing the technology specific for the local market. They had to fight through two three-month COVID shutdowns, one right away as they got started in the first part of 2022, but also at the end of 2022. So, it's been a little bit of a wild 18 months for them, but they managed to catch up, for the most part, toward some of the expectations we had set as when we're gonna be up and running here. And just their focus and execution has been impressive.
Not really surprising to me, given my experience the last 30 years across a few different industries coming to China, but really tremendous to see their leadership, in particular, in this space of green energy, toward the goals that have been set here and on a path to try to accelerate those, and really sort of ignoring the noise from a geopolitical perspective and just focusing on our partnership and delivering together. This technology of gravity, as you might imagine, is pretty well understood here, given the massive installed base of gravity-based pumped hydro systems. Very much fit for purpose, given our system, like in most large countries, can be made with 100% local content. And, as is the case here, will be the case in other large countries as well.
I spent some time with our local Energy Vault team here as well, that's working with China Tianying, or they're referred to as CNTY, and just very excited to be here on the ground, and including some of the folks that have come from the U.S. to support this, in what would be another first-of-a-kind for Energy Vault here in only our second year of revenue. Regarding the grid interconnection, and as we announced, I'm happy to share that we started that process in September, the end of last quarter, as we announced yesterday morning, while also, and very importantly, completing the installation of a 4 km, or 2.5 mi, 35 kV overhead electric line that connects the system to the grid. So all of that work's completed. I saw that a little bit later yesterday, here local time.
I hope that in the future, many of you will be able to see this just amazing engineering achievement in person if your travels get to Shanghai. It's located about two hours outside, and would be happy to hopefully coincide some visits with some of our other partners here. Versus other forms of long duration and long technical life storage, EVx is playing out to be more economical, scalable, and also a sustainable alternative to the existing pumped hydroelectric plants that represent, as we all know, more than 90% of all energy storage capacity still globally. We will, of course, continue to update you as we get closer and closer to full homologation within the State Grid interconnection process.
It is underway with the provincial authorities, and also, we'll start to share some of the initial performance metrics as they become available. As we articulated a bit in our announcement yesterday, the five new EVx gravity systems announced, this is all part of a mandatory government policy in China for renewable power plant projects to include energy storage. So it's mandated here that at 20% of the power capacity of the generation plan of the wind or solar, 20% must be storage, and typically, that's running at four hours. It's up from two, but up to four. And we're seeing this firsthand now, how this central mandated policy is positively influencing the growth opportunities, as demonstrated by the large multi-gigawatt-hour project expansions announced locally here by CNTY, even before the first system here in Rudong is fully operational.
So that should give you a sense of not only I think the anticipation and the confidence people have, but also the market demand and the need that's there, and how this fit-for-purpose technology can fit very well for China. CNTY announced these signings for an additional five deployments that total about 1.2 GWh. This brings the total of the announced deployments that are underway in China here to seven, which totals a little more than 3.2 GWh. So those are some pretty large numbers and here in just the first 18 months of our partnership. And you can imagine, if those are announced, there's a lot of other things underway here. I've had a lot of very good meetings with China Tianying to understand those developments.
And of course, for Energy Vault, and in particular for investors, all of these projects will be driving recurring high-margin royalties to Energy Vault, for the lifetimes of these systems, at 5%. This model is an ideal one for China and countries, I'd say, like China, with strong construction and infrastructure growth, and experience, ability to source essentially all of these materials locally, which they can in China, and then a strong and unmet, I'd say, market demand for storage coincide with commitments to net carbon neutrality, which China has, for the first time in the last two years, been quite vocal about, and thus these large renewable deployments.
So getting to final completion of the Rudong system, it, I think is a testament here to the strategic fit of our technology to China, and one that will deliver on high-margin royalties over time, in what is and will remain the largest energy storage market in the world, at least as far as we can look forward. In closing out on that, encouraging to see our strategy playing out here locally with just a great partner, a unique model and a differentiated solution, now that's starting to scale. Our gravity solutions are proprietary here, and this licensing model fits very well and lets us achieve in China what I think is very difficult for others, given either their single technology focus or an ability to have a scalable or licensable technology and business model.
So this versatility of our gravity technology, as we've announced other licensing and technology deals also outside of China, is showing quite strong. And you know, noting also that these first deployments are four hours in duration for our quote, unquote, "long-duration system technology." So our long technical life of our gravity system, as well as this circular economic environmental benefit, our lower operating expense over time, that plays very well and shows the flexibility of this technology to still be not only viable, but commercially viable, even at four hours. So this business model is allowing us to participate meaningfully in this opportunity here in this very large market and with future attractive margins for the royalty streams.
We look forward to assisting our partners here in realizing more EVx initiatives here in China that I'm sure will be announced here to come. Sticking with gravity and before jumping into some of the other project updates, we are seeing more near-term demand now and activity more intensely in both emerging storage markets like South Africa and India, but also right here in the U.S. market, with large utilities that have unique needs that actually can be uniquely met by various applications of our leading position in gravity energy storage systems. I look forward to sharing more with all of you in the coming months as we work with our customers and to giving you more visibility into these opportunities.
I know many of you, many of you investors that might be listening in here, have written me about understanding the development of gravity and generally I think of long duration, which I think no secret that that market is developing in a little bit slower way as far as long duration goes. I think, very encouraging for us that it's being deployed, in this case, in China, for four-hour systems. But generally, we have a lot of other applications of our technology that we're working with customers on, given our expertise and innovation. And I would say, from a global perspective, I, I think we have some of the best expertise relative to civil and structural engineering because of the way, we've had to develop the technology and specifically focused on, economics and, and reducing that cost.
Moving on quickly here to some other projects. I know we've repeated this at every call this year, but this priority is about customer execution and executing on the large funnel of opportunities and those that have actually been converted to bookings that are underway now. And very excited about that, as we have been all year. You recall, last year we announced about 1.7 GWh of projects across, you know, short, long and ultra long with the green hydrogen deal with Pacific Gas and Electric. And all of those are scheduled to be implemented in anywhere from nine-18 months from the contract signing. So all under very aggressive timelines.
I know, all of you have been watching Energy Vault, to see, hey, you know, they clearly have closed deals and large deals with some of the largest, either IPPs, like Jupiter and Enel Green Power, or the largest utilities like Pacific Gas and Electric, NV Energy. But could we execute? It was never in doubt from my side, especially the team that we've assembled. However, it's that now starting to manifest itself, especially given the revenue that we reported this year. As I briefly mentioned earlier, our first hybrid battery and peaker plant energy storage project in Stanton, California, with Wellhead, is now fully in service and at its maximum capacity.
This is a very large 275 MWh project that has already been California ISO qualified and delivered in an exceptionally short period of time as compared to other projects within five months of site mobilization. Which is pretty amazing, especially given the footprint we had. We were under some pretty extreme energy density requirements for this project and in the middle of what's a very residential neighborhood there. So I think a good example of our ability to execute, in this case, fast turnaround, complex projects and challenging timelines. And it's really what we believe is a key differentiation factor that we're very focused on.
So not only about having very innovative solutions from a technology perspective, obviously having a team that can go execute those, scalable, repeatable, but very focused about being known for our ability to execute and execute well, which just has tremendous value. There's no shortage of demand in our market, as we know, in energy storage. But what can be a variable in some cases are things like managing complex supply chains. And when problems come up, and they always do, when you're managing different suppliers, how you deal with that problem, how you come up with solutions, work with partners, involve the customer, be transparent, and really attack it operationally, with a daily management approach. That is something that is just as I think an important differentiating factor as having the best technology or a very economical solution.
So we're looking forward to the formal on-site ribbon-cutting on December 6th, and hope some of you on this call that are listening in will be able to attend. I guess just to finish, since it is our, our first project we're turning over here in the U.S., from the press release, I really can't say it any better than to have the words of our customer that was quoted, the CEO of Wellhead, Hal Dittmer, who's just a tremendous operator, tremendous gentleman, very experienced, 40-50 years in the California market. I think one of the most respected people in the market, in particular in California.
And just to quote what he said, and I quote here, "Only a few days after mechanical completion, the system delivered full power to the grid, validating the quality of the design and execution. Energy Vault did an excellent job of providing a solution that met both the challenging energy density requirements and the equipment delivery time frames to enable the project to go forward. We are a satisfied customer, and we appreciate Energy Vault's expertise, creative thinking, and collaborative partnership in bringing this project to fruition."... And I'll unquote that, but, I really couldn't imagine a better outcome for our first project turnover. Not surprised, given the deep industry execution and technology development experience of our team.
We do not limit our thinking and what we're capable to do, and I think in posting the number we did this quarter, in only our second year, hopefully reflects that. A special thanks to the leadership provided here, Akshay Ladwa, Marco Terruzzin, and the teams across the board, and all the support teams here that helped us through the way, and supply chain as well. We continue to execute on our other projects that are underway. If you've, and I know all of you have done the math on, our guidance and looking at we have to achieve. I think, posting what we did shows we're on our way to doing that, but we have some very tight, compressed schedules to deliver.
While in some cases, some of our customers have delayed site access and mobilization, they have not changed their expectations on delivery time, and we've worked with them very well to come up with plans and commercial ways to deal with that so we can meet those timelines. Our systems with Jupiter Power, we have two that are underway, are approaching mechanical completion. NV Energy has actually one of the largest systems they have ever delivered underway, 440 MWh, that we're gonna be doing in a record timeframe here, and we'll talk more about that there after we do it. In addition, we have our first green hydrogen project underway with Pacific Gas and Electric.
Recall, that's one of the largest ones, is the largest one announced in the U.S., which provides 48-hour, can provide up to 72-hour, there, that we have capabilities to do using green hydrogen. We've integrated a little bit of lithium-ion there to support grid forming and some ancillary services there. But real excited about that. That also has a very tight turnaround, scheduled to be live in June of next year, 2024. Just to mention about the DOE here and shifting gears, they're placing a heavy emphasis, as we're talking about green hydrogen, on the whole supply and value chain. Recently announcing awards of $7 billion to build these green hydrogen hubs. Some of the people named in those include some of our partners in the green hydrogen ecosystem.
And our PG&E project is an example of where the DOE is playing their next focus, which is on the demand side, and deriving that demand side. There's already $1 billion announced for some demand-side initiatives that's gonna be underway, and we will be looking at how we can take advantage of those things as they develop. So just closing in here on PG&E, it's a sort of a tip of the spear for us as we look at these opportunities for building out economical microgrids to support backup power.
Not only backing up utilities that have commitments to supply our homes, but also looking at mission-critical needs for energy, whether that be in the data centers, the new hyperscalers that are taking off here with Bitcoin mining and things, and just other larger commercial and industrial energy users that cannot risk even short disruptions in power. Very difficult to do economically, given existing tech. However, as we have always done in some of these opportunities, we're using our technology and integrating other things very creatively to put in place things that can be economical to essentially put something together to drive and meet this what today is an unmet need, given some of the economics.
Moving to some of the commercial side, I've mentioned some of the additional gravity energy storage systems that were announced. That was our announcement yesterday, specifically in the China market. And overall, our near-term opportunities continue to grow at a good pace this year. Our awards have expanded by over 153%, that's a little over 9 GWh, or about, you know, roughly $3.3 billion, in year-to-date bookings and signed contracts of 800 MWh, bringing that total to just over $840 million. So a big book of business there to execute on, and in particular, to highlight that awards category. You know, that means that's our project. It's a matter of getting that converted into formal contracts and NTPs. So a lot there to mine and convert.
Would like to be converting that here as quickly as we can, and the team's focused on that. Going forward a bit as we progress through the fourth quarter and entering 2024, we are focused on turning that growing commercial funnel into contracts and will help build our revenue and our backlog. We continue with a focus on stringent financial and pricing discipline to generate value for the company, for our shareholders, and really over a long term. So we take a very long-term lens on that. While as a new company, we are susceptible to some lumpiness, let's call it, as we know, especially when we're doing projects where we're performing the EPC role. So there's fluctuations both in revenue, based on revenue recognition rules under POC accounting.
There's also fluctuations in working capital, based on those cash flows. But one thing that's not changing is the demand in the energy storage industry. And the domestic demand here, there, I should say there, in the U.S., and that was accelerated post the IRA, gives us a lot of flexibility in the projects and the contracts in which we sign to drive both revenue and gross margin growth. As many of our previously announced investments and partnerships, both commercially and, for example, for domestic U.S. battery content, reinforce this approach. We remain committed to this. Obviously, it's super critical as we go forward. It is a very competitive market. It puts a lot of onus on us to continue to innovate, to be differentiated, to differentiate also by our execution and delivering for customers.
Always great to have projects under our belt so we can have any prospective customers talk to some of the customers that have worked with us. Hal Dittmer and Wellhead will be one of those, of course, going forward, and we look forward to continuing on that focus on high growth, high margin commercial opportunities. Before getting in finally, into the financials here, very proud to report that after filing and going through a first third-party process in 2022, in our first year of revenue, of an S&P process, looking at our sustainability score, in 2023, we just received the results, and our score increased from a rating of 17 up to 51 in 2023.
That is not necessarily a percentage rating, but to let you know where that stands, that ranks us number 2 in our market and clean energy transition companies, and we finished 33rd out of a total of 551 companies overall. That puts us roughly in about the 94th percentile. So, you know, we aren't spiking any footballs here on this. We're happy with our progress. We have more work to do, as we develop and evolve. And just like we seek to do in everything we do in terms of technology development, how we develop our people in the company, also in our sustainability, we seek to be a leader here in how we're thinking about our carbon footprint across all of our solutions.
So we're gonna be continuing to update this annually on our progress, but suffice to say, happy with our improvement here year-over-year, and we're continuing to put a lot of focus there, given the expectations, both that I think others have of us, but that we have of ourselves, most importantly. So I wanna thank the entire Energy Vault team for this significant accomplishment and our continued work to improve here, in the broader global goals toward net carbon neutrality. Okay, with that, why don't I turn it over to Jan Kees, who will now go over some of the details that we just announced in our financials. Jan Kees?
Yeah, thank you, Rob, and good afternoon, everybody. Our financial results are highlighted by our record third quarter revenue of more than $172 million. More than 3x sequential quarter-to-quarter growth, after more than the prior 4x sequential between Q1 and Q2. This revenue reflects continued construction progress and execution across our battery projects in the United States under a build, commission, and transfer model. As you can see from the earnings release, we maintain our full year revenue guidance of $325 million-$425 million and remain confident in achieving it. Our gross margin was 4.2% in the third quarter, impacted by some temporary unfavorable timing in two regards. First, we delivered a lot of hardware in Q3 that we will be realizing the value add margin from in Q4 under POC accounting.
And second, some high-margin licensing transactions shifted out from the third quarter to the fourth quarter. However, as you can see from the earnings release, we maintain our full-year gross margin guidance of 10%-15% and remain confident we can achieve it. Our Adjusted EBITDA is trending well, as it has improved 43% sequentially to -$10.3 million. The key non-cash items that we added back were $10.7 million of stock-based compensation and $1.9 million in net interest income. We continue to anticipate Adjusted EBITDA and operating expenses to stay within our guidance range as we remain acutely focused on managing costs. We are driven to optimize our cost structure to realize profitability as soon as possible as the business continues to scale up, and we remain very optimistic regarding our progress towards positive Adjusted EBITDA.
Operating loss was $22.7 million, an improvement over the second quarter of 2023 of $5.7 million, driven by continued focus on operating expenses and business costs. As of September 30, 2023, we had $132.2 million in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, leaving us well positioned to continue our growth strategy and execute on our projects. The primary uses of cash are cash operating expenses and working capital needs associated with equipment purchases for our energy storage projects. As these projects achieve milestones and ultimately begin to generate revenue and gross margin, some of that cash will return to our balance sheet. Considering these factors, for the year-end 2023, we expect our cash to remain at similar levels that we exited in Q3, or $132 million, giving the expected project turnovers.
In addition to this strong cash position, we expect to reduce the restricted cash portion significantly before the end of the fourth quarter. Please keep in mind that we maintain a bonding capacity in excess of $1 billion to facilitate additional growth breakthrough projects as we desire. And with that, I'll hand the call back to Rob.
Great, thanks, Jan Kees. Just in closing here, and before we get to some questions and just reflecting, as you do, I think, every quarter and look back, and we're getting here to the end of our year. Really just encouraging to see our strategy and how it's playing out, I think successfully across the world, especially in light of some of the other newer energy storage companies, and some of the things that are coming out here just recently. But a few key points I want to highlight here for investors and for those that will be listening in.
I guess the first one, and to remind everyone, we are the only and remain the only energy storage company that's executing and implementing a portfolio of short, long, and ultra-long duration technologies across some of the largest utilities and IPPs in the world. I think that point of our customer sets and who we're focused on, and the people choosing us is fundamental and important. This is a manifestation of our strategy in the real world and expanding our ability to address the largest scope of this energy storage market opportunity. Obviously, participating in various segments because of our multi-technology, multi-duration focus, given the strong capabilities we have on the team.
And thus, in participating in those with a very resilient profitability as a portfolio of solutions that spans these most important durations right now and, and some of the new applications that still need to have economical solutions that we're very, very focused on and very mission-critical. Second, we're being chosen not only for our technology differentiation economics, but for the deep industry experience of our people and our team. And really, as we saw even in this last quarter, moving heaven and earth to deliver for our customer, hence, the large revenue rec we had in the quarter and taking delivery, as Jan Kees mentioned, a lot of the hardware that's going to front up all the execution we're in the middle of now for this quarter, which is significant.
We're also, thirdly, uniquely monetizing our technology, and in particular, innovative gravity technology, in ways no other energy storage company is doing in the market for long duration. Which, as I mentioned earlier, is still developing with a few alternatives, which I would say very few alternatives, that are technology-ready, in the market. We continue to need, I think, as an industry, a lot of focus here and development, and I'm the biggest fan of all of our energy storage colleagues here, that are working on new technologies to help with our clean energy transition around the world. Fourth, we are uniquely also playing broadly on a global stage. No coincidence that I'm calling in here from China, given everything we have going on and what's been recently announced.
In this case, participating in the largest market in the world, with a long-term royalty structure here that we established over a year ago. A first-mover advantage is a government-approved technology to complement Pumped Hydro here and lithium-ion. With the earlier investor base from the likes of Saudi Aramco, obviously from the Middle East, BHP from Australia, and Korea Zinc as well, Atlas Renewable, who partnered with us here, and also for the China market. I'm very excited by the upcoming regional developments that we're seeing and involved in and supported by these same investors.
I'd also say, from a fit perspective, our energy solutions approach to solving customer problems is playing out, as we did in providing the only sustainable solution for the multi-day application that Pacific Gas and Electric was trying to solve, for the 48-hour backup system in the microgrid that was required. They did not want to continue to use diesel gen, not only for the GHGs, but for the noise and just the disruption it caused. And are in process now of bringing them a unique green hydrogen hybrid solution enabled through our hardware and our software expertise, and our energy management system.
And then finally, as I do here on these calls, our most important factor in differentiation that we now see manifesting itself, as we turn over our first energy systems to customers on time and meeting or exceeding expectations, is our people. The innovation, creativity, the customer focus, that passion really to deliver for our customers, it continues to come through. I continue to be impressed, but also with critical core values around our culture, which number one on our list is humility. As we work as a team, work with our customers, understanding that there's a lot we can still learn, understanding a lot that we can bring in that maybe doesn't exist here, and reflect as we improve and continuously improve ourselves.
That is a core value of the company, as I mentioned, and one that we continue to leverage here, as we get with the stretch here, as we're getting into the final of our Q4. In the end, these results with our customers will tell our story, which will reward our investors for larger and more predictable cash flows. I know we're all interested in those as we continue our growth and development as a global leader in energy storage. With that, operator, we are now ready for questions.
Thank you. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your touch tone phone. If you're using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. If at any time your question has been addressed, please press star then two. At this time, we'll pause momentarily to assemble our roster. The first question will come from Stephen Gengaro with Stifel. Please go ahead.
Good evening or good morning, maybe, Rob? I'm not sure. But, thanks for taking the questions. So I think first, what would be interesting from my perspective is, when you think about the projects that you've announced and kind of what's in your backlog, I know some of these recent projects are royalty/licensing arrangements, right? But when we think about that, is there a way to sort of think about how the current backlog unfolds as far as the type of revenue you could see next year?
Yeah, by the way, it is the question as you look at our backlog, in particular, Stephen, that awards category. So, I think our speed to convert those will shed more light if we've got the 800 MW hour there. But we have a lot of other awards in there that are in process, various phases of contracting, and some of those with CODs next year, some of them with CODs into 2025, that will have revenue recognition. So I think the first thing I would look at there is just the size of that bucket of awards. I think is an important one.
We also saw, I think, a good conversion from our short listings bucket into awards, so we've added to that, and as well as converting an additional project for Texas into a booking as well. So, I think that is the space to focus on in terms of awards and then the timing of that conversion. We're in the process of putting that together for our 2024 budgeting process, which is internal and then will be external. We'll be sharing and setting those expectations at our Q4 earnings, which will be in February.
Thanks. And you mentioned on the call progress toward reaching EBITDA positive. Is that a full year 2024 goal, or is it gonna happen in a quarter?
Well, we're absolutely expecting some quarterly hits of Adjusted EBITDA positive. And what we're working on is just based on revenue recognition, so it's really just a POC accounting of Rev Rec, and then timing of those projects to see if the full year 2024 can actually also be Adjusted EBITDA positive. We are working on that, and if you look at, you know, our OpEx even. So I'd ask you to, if you take a look at that, we're not sort of sitting idly here waiting for growth to happen and that we're gonna somehow grow our way to profitability.
That was never sort of our plan in a sense, and we are always looking at, as we're executing this royalty, this license and royalty model for gravity, for example, and as we're looking at our learnings from our first, let's say, 18 months of operation and delivering our first projects, as you see there in the OpEx, we are optimizing and driving efficiency, and that's part of our clear driver to get to cash flow positive here, even a little bit earlier than we may have been thinking about at the beginning of the year. And that's just a reflection of our focus on delivering for investors, but also on getting accretive with cash flow. We feel very good about our cash position. No debt.
We're getting rid of all the final restrictions, most of which should be done by the end of the year, that are just a reflection of the first projects, where we restricted a little bit of that cash. But we have a great model in place. Now, as you know, Kate referenced, we have over $1 billion in noncollateralized project bonding or performance bonding capability now that we've built up. So that just enables us to execute our projects without having to tie up the cash, at least associated with any letters of credit or other mechanisms. Hopefully that's helpful.
That's helpful. And just one more from me, if you don't mind. As the first EVx system goes close to kind of full completion and operation in China, do you have any kind of conversations with potential customers in other parts of the world or in China, that there's a little bit—Is there any kind of wait and see, like, I want to see one of these up and operating and functioning? Is there any of that when you talk to customers, or is it more just... I mean, you've obviously had success already with new awards, but is there any of that in conversations with potential customers for the technology?
Oh, absolutely. Absolutely. And I would say, despite even these announcements, which are massive, right, over 3 GWh in China alone, you can imagine there's a set of customers that want to see Rudong up and operating and get some of the first performance metrics. And that's not just in China. I would say that's globally. So it's a great question, and it is, I think, in a lot of cases, there's customers doing their planning right now for some of their longer duration needs. As you're aware, you know, the long duration market generally is still developing. It's at a much different type of pace where the short duration, where there's a lot of the economics are right now.
But, but generally, we have customers that are absolutely looking at some of the initial performance metrics that are gonna come out. However, we do have others that are progressing, and I mentioned in my comments, South Africa, India, and even in the U.S., where we're progressing things along. And we are seeing, I'd say in particular in this last quarter, us having the discussions and getting to proposals now and costing out systems that I expect to be announcing here in the near term. So that's very, very encouraging on the Gravity side. But, but absolutely, there is a segment of customers that we're in discussions with that want us to share the metrics, the performance metrics, as they come up there.
Excellent. Thank you for the color.
Yeah. Thank you.
The next question will come from Chris Ellinghaus with Siebert Williams Shank. Please go ahead.
Hey, everybody. How are you?
Hey, Chris. I'm Chris.
The revenues were surprisingly good, but the, you know, Jan was talking about the margins. Can you give us any more color on the shifting? And, you know, what does this tell us anything about the Wellhead margin, for instance?
Sure. Yeah, let me comment on that. And I think, Jan Kees mentioned this, but in any quarter, we're gonna be taking deliveries, and in particular, if you do the math on the second half ramp for us and the fact that we're reaffirming our guidance, we took deliveries of a lot of material in Q3. And under, POC accounting and GAAP accounting, until we add value to some of that material, some of the profit on it does not get recognized. So, hence, there's some delay as we're gonna be now and are in the middle of adding value, as we're integrating, equipment, for example, and doing more of the services on site, which, as you saw in some of the earlier quarters, drove some of the higher double-digit margins.
So it is a little bit lumpy, Chris, that... And as you can expect, in an EPC type of business for the shorter duration type of solutions we're providing. But I also want to make sure you're aware that none of that, none of that quarter's gross margin, has anything to do with anything on Wellhead. So Wellhead was a successful project that we implemented. We did it on time. There were no LDs impacting gross margin. And so that's not a reflection on the Wellhead piece.
It's more of a reflection of, we have a 440 MWh project, of which there's a, a very large, substantial component of that project, you know, almost 70% of it, related to, the battery portion alone, which that is going through, you know, going through the overall project because we are a-- we're integrating the entire thing. So it's more-- I'd look at this more of timing of where we are in our, in this second-half ramp. And, I think we can expect these things to smooth out a bit more, as we go forward.
Okay, great. I think the press release sort of suggests there are additional projects in Nevada. Can you give us any color on what you've added to the pipeline there?
Well, we have... I don't know how specific on Nevada we were in the release, but we've added more projects in the U.S. for sure, as part of our bookings growth. And in addition, I had mentioned this before, we're seeing some very interesting uptake in our Gravity, applying some of our Gravity technology to some very specific customer needs and specifically in the utility space in the West. So we're gonna be, you know, saying more about those things as we progress those through definitive agreements with customers. But just suffice to say, I'm very encouraged by what I'm seeing in terms of market, both development, adoption and discussions around applying our various technologies.
That includes, by the way, the backup systems and approach that we started with in the first project with PG&E.
Okay. Just looking at the income statement, the SG&A and R&D lines specifically, you know, are either of those two starting to sort of hit their normalized run rates for the near term?
Yeah. By the way, great question and observation. I would say that we're generally there, meaning we've, if you take our Q4 x four last year, you'll see that we're quite a bit below that. Obviously, the Q4 has some one-time items, but even if you normalize it, we're actually running flattish to slightly even down from the Q4 x four last year. Now, we had initially had a growth investment plan, even on OpEx this year, and we've adjusted that just by nature of where the markets are, obviously, given what we're seeing on both the macro and I think, given investor requirements here in a higher inflation environment. So we've got in front of that the first half of the year.
We're seeing some of those results now, and we're continuing to look at that as we look at next year, because we're very focused on not only any one quarter of cash flow or Adjusted EBITDA positive, but doing that for the full year. We'll be able to update that as we give guidance at the next quarterly earnings.
Okay, great. I appreciate the color.
Yeah.
Thanks, Rob.
Thank you, Chris.
The next question will come from Thomas Boyes with TD Cowen. Please go ahead.
Thanks for taking the questions. Appreciate it. I was hoping maybe you could provide some insight on the company's Vault- Bidder solution that was introduced at RE+. Like, what has customer feedback been like there? And then maybe what's kind of the timeframe to have that solution deployed with customers?
Great, and good to hear you, Thomas. Yeah, look, this is really exciting and a part of the development of our software platform and investments we've been making really the last 24 months. But this is giving additional capabilities to customers to look at optimizing their economic, both charging and discharging of electricity in some unique ways. Just to remind everyone, we have a team made up of, you know, well, Energy Vault's a newer company. Our team is made up of people that were at some of the leading companies in the software and the integrator space, through, you know, essentially the periods from 2012 and beyond.
And so we've essentially taken a lot of that experience and looked at how we can help customers optimize how they're gonna get more out of their systems, in particular, in the shorter duration side, where they're charging and discharging and leveraging time of day and variations or volatility in time of day pricing. So that is a product that we've begun to implement with some customers so we can get some good history with it, sort of from a looking backwards and looking what and, and how we could have helped them versus the results they've achieved. And then going forward, it's essentially a module as a part of our broader energy management system that includes other asset management and other optimization capabilities.
So in terms of the second part of your question, I would say that I would characterize this as something that is in a live testing phase at some customers now, and it'll be something that I think can help be a differentiator for people that want to turn on set certain capabilities over time, as we, you know, complement our innovation on the hardware side with software.
I appreciate the color there. And then, just maybe one on some of the other partners that you have announced for kind of that licensing and royalty agreement, you know, in Europe and Cyprus. So just, you know, any kind of timing there, or what you think is maybe holding back, you know, some momentum in those markets?
Yeah, well, we just announced those, you know, just within, I guess about nine months ago, nine months ago. So typically, just like with China, that we announced right away as we went public, you know, they're just now announcing development and projects. And then there'll be, you know, royalty streams that would start to come as they get built out. So you can, on those things, you know, you can assume that from announcement, that you would be looking at a minimum of 18-24 months type of time frame of when those first projects would get announced and some royalties would begin. And, as I said, if you look at those announcements that were made, they're essentially about nine months to a year behind the China timeline.
So I would say we'd be looking at impacts of some of these things toward the second half of 2024, but more, I think in better volume in 2025. And we're gonna try to give you some good guidance on that as we work toward providing to investors in our Investor Day sort of a three-year plan on the various parts of our business. Because we, I think uniquely, I imagine, create a challenge for some of you, given the different streams of business we have in terms of, you know, the EPC side of the business, the licensing side of the business, and even some of the other, you know, unique solutions that we're doing and in how we're monetizing gravity, for example, and other services.
So we're gonna provide, I think some updated, more segment type of guidance over a three-year period here as we get closer in the coming months, also in providing guidance for our 2024 at our next earnings.
Perfect. Thanks again. I'll jump back in queue.
Thank you.
The next question will come from Stephen Gengaro with Stifel. Please go ahead.
Thanks. Thanks for taking a few more questions. So, what I guess a couple things. One is that maybe it's, maybe it's easier to ask it this way. When we think about your quarterly revenue, I know it's gonna be lumpy and there's a lot of moving pieces. Is there any way to think about a baseline number? I mean, you obviously went from 11 to 40 to 170, right? So trying to model it is really hard. I mean, is there any kind of baseline number from revenue recognition we could, we can think about? I mean, even, even your fourth quarter guidance, right, I mean, you know, theoretically, there's a $100 million window there, based on the full year guide. Is there anything you can add there, either specifically in the fourth quarter or just in general?
I would say generally on the shorter duration project, so whether they're the hybrids, hybrids and battery, even we're executing those. And if you look at Wellhead, which we announced, I think, signed at the end of August last year, September, and had it, you know, mechanically turned over in June. So I'd say on the shorter duration in terms of Rev Rec, it's, you know, anywhere from nine-15 months. It depends, in some cases, on some customer control timing. And yeah, I know it's difficult because these things are lumpy from a formal accounting Rev Rec perspective.
As you look at the project and look at our Rev Rec this year, for example, we're Rev Rec-ing a lot of the some of the initial services and value add that you know the payment milestones to customers differ a little bit than the POC accounting. And then as we get closer to the CODs, that final six months is where most of that, a good chunk of the revenue will come because that's tied to larger deliveries at the site and things where we begin to add value to equipment. So I would say that what's important to pay attention to is the COD, the customer COD, and that we would share. And typically we do share those on expected timing of when we'll be turning over.
And if you do the math on the Rev Rec and coming back between nine-15 months from that project, we typically, like we've done for PG&E, we've given guidance because it's public information, PG&E on their hydrogen project, where it's, you know, publicly should be delivered in June of next year. So I think that's a way to do it. But one action that we'll take with you is we'll get offline and maybe into next week. I'll be happy to participate when I'm back in the U.S. I'm coming back on Friday. And let's get a call next week, and we can provide a little better guidance to make it potentially a little easier for you on that, in terms of assumptions.
Great. That's helpful. That's helpful. And then, just one more quick one. Just to triangulate, your gross margin guidance for the year suggests something for the fourth quarter, which could get you pretty closely with breakeven if things go well. Am I thinking about that right?
You are.
Okay. Okay, good. Okay. Thanks for the color on all of that.
No problem, Dan.
The next question will come from Noel Parks with Tuohy Brothers. Please go ahead.
Hi, good afternoon. You know, I had a couple of about China in particular, and I was wondering, with the most recent announcement that specified the five new plants in various regions in China, with that level of detail now disclosure, just curious, was that with China CNTY planning these different projects, as far as I know, is that pretty much a centralized negotiation, all of these sort of coming together or sort of you know, being planned out, contracted simultaneously? Or sort of, were they all in independent streams and just sort of got bunched together at the time of announcement?
Yeah, by the way, it's a great question, given the nature of the regulatory structure and even the government structure here. But it, it's not what you would think. Meaning, there's these aren't things driven necessarily by a central plan, that then CNTY is sort of just bolting into. CNTY is doing its own development and leading development in different provinces of China with this technology, because it is new.
As I mentioned in my comments, and these are things that I hopefully aren't lost on people because it's not easy to do, but we've been approved in China as a technology already, which is, you know, if you looked at the installed base here, you've got pumped hydro, lithium-ion, and then there's really, as far as energy storage goes, with the 20% mandate, there's really nothing else to deploy. And hence these, you know, you're seeing these announcements of project signings with CNTY, at multi-gigawatt hours, and we're not even up and operating yet, at full capacity here in Rudong. So, but to specifically answer your question, this isn't being sort of driven out of a single office in Beijing, and we're just sort of bidding into some central.
We're going province by province because the decision making, while the overall goals, obviously, on the country, are out of Beijing, the provinces decide. CNTY is doing the development work, and very impressively, doing the development work, sharing the technology, sharing how they've optimized it specifically for China needs and driving that development that you're seeing. Does that make sense?
Totally. Great. Yeah, thanks. That's just, just what I was wondering. And, and as you look into the, the royalty revenue stream, I, I guess not taking anything for granted with, with revenue recognition, is that pretty straightforward from an accounting perspective? Like, you're just, just gonna be booking a receivable that over time is gonna get, you know, sort of smoothly move over into, into cash?
Yeah. Yeah, let me explain how that works. We and under GAAP accounting and also specific SEC guidelines here on royalties, we don't really create a receivable for them just because, you know, until they actually start building projects, we don't have that exact visibility when it's coming in. Now, once there's a project that's defined under if they're gonna own it and operate it, which will mean a certain timing of the rev rec, or if they're gonna be building them and handing them over, that would be under a more accelerated type of recognition. So I think once those things are contracted in a way where we get timing visibility, we might create a receivable for that.
Generally, we're Rev Rec-ing these as they come, so as the royalties will be paid, and they will become more predictable, and we can sort of build them in and share with you what we're seeing. As you've seen, there's these, you know, you've got about 3.2 GWh of projects announced here. And those are gonna be built out now over time, and depending on the business model, we'll be receiving royalties on those projects, and we can build those in to the timing. So that'll get more predictable.
But this is, I'd say, something from a modeling perspective, it will come into on the royalty side typically come into the other income line item or the royalty revenue just depending on the type of income it's gonna hit and if it's recognized over time or in a lump sum. So we'll be able to provide some more guidance now as these projects are getting built out. I know it's a little frustrating as people look at us understanding, hey, what's the timing? What's the margin impact? Obviously, these are essentially 95% you know basically pure profit that comes in because we've recognized, you know, the cost through the R&D or through the license already.
So, they're great streams to have, and giving some guidance on the timing of those, we will be doing with investors as we get into our, our Q4 results. I will say that I think the good news as you look at us and as people look at us, is we're gonna have these streams coming for, you know, for people that are hopefully long-term investors looking at Energy Vault. The fact that we're monetizing this, that will result in, as these projects that were just announced, large and profitable streams of royalties that will become a larger percentage of our revenue. I think that is all a good thing. It's just a matter of timing.
As we build these things out, we'll be able to shed more light on how that timing is gonna work into the second half of 2024, and into 2025.
Terrific. Thanks a lot.
Yep. Thanks, Noel.
This concludes our question- and- answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Mr. Robert Piconi for any closing remarks. Please go ahead.
Just to thank everyone for your time. We have a, a very intense quarter we're in the middle of here, given multiple customer sites, and, and supporting customers here. So a lot of focus continues there. As I mentioned, I think that is, absolutely job one, as is our, ability here on continuing to convert, from our large, you know, awards bucket there into, into bookings and as we go into 2024. So appreciate, everybody's time and, and support through this and your feedback, and we'll, you know, be back to you here and be looking forward to more interactions here in the coming months. Thank you very much.
The conference is now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.