Thank you for standing by, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Navigator Holdings conference call on the fourth quarter 2021 financial results. We have with us Mr. Dag von Appen, Chairman, Mr. Niall Nolan, Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Øeyvind Lindeman, Chief Commercial Officer, and Mr. Michael Schrader, Chief Operating Officer of the company. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. There will be a presentation followed by a question-and-answer session, at which time, if you wish to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad and wait for the automated message advising your line is open. I must advise you that this conference is being recorded today. Now I pass the floor to one of your speakers, Mr. von Appen. Please go ahead, sir.
Good morning, everyone. Welcome to the Navigator Gas fourth quarter earnings call, and I'm glad to give some introductory comments. As we conduct today's conference call, we will be making various forward-looking statements. These statements include, but are not limited to, the future expectations, plans and prospects from both a financial and operational perspective. These forward-looking statements are based on management assumptions, forecasts and expectations as of today's date, and are, as such, subject to material risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ significantly from our forward-looking information and financial forecasts. Additional information about these factors and assumptions are included in our annual and quarterly reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Today's call will include comments from Niall Nolan, our Chief Financial Officer, and Oeyvind Lindeman, our Chief Commercial Officer.
As we are confronting special geopolitical times in Europe and in shipping, I wanted to share some thoughts with you. Of course, the overriding news of the last two weeks is Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The future geopolitical scenario in Europe is being reshaped as we speak. The sudden invasion of Ukraine will have major ramifications, not just for the energy market, but also for the security and well-being of Europe. Major ramifications in the energy, commodity and shipping markets have already started. We all want to know the impact on shipping, but without knowing the end game of this invasion and the imposed sanctions, we can't estimate the scope and duration of potential disruptions. Increasing sanctions to the Russian economy and its companies has impacted trade supply chains already and is increasing commodity prices.
Open markets and free trade are about buying from the nearest, most competitive source. Geopolitical tensions and sanctions normally increase ton miles because of shifting trade patterns, which require cargo shipping over longer distances. This, of course, supports increased freight rates. Europe will seek to become less dependent from Russian fossil fuels, oil, refined products, natural gas, LPG, coal and others, which of course is not easy to tackle short-term. Now, talking about Navigator, I would like first to thank the staff of the company for their continued hard work during the final quarter of 2021. As a result of their dedication to our company during the period, we started this year in a stronger position. Another thank you should go to the executive management team comprised by Niall, our CFO, by Oeyvind, our Chief Commercial Officer, and Michael Schrader, our Chief Operating Officer.
They have been working very well together and leading the company as a strong team the last five months. Now, let's go to slide three, where we have some highlights. Operating revenues were up 26% compared to Q3 2021. Before impairment losses, net income was $16.7 million, up 149% when compared to the $6.7 million of Q3 2021. Net utilization increased compared to the same period in 2020. Furthermore, the company has seen increased ethylene volumes from its Morgan's Point Ethylene Terminal joint venture in Houston, as well as increasing ethane exports from the United States, primarily due to pricing competitiveness compared with oil. In addition, we continue to see new synergies and contributions to our revenue as a result of the Ultragas merger, and are delighted by the new opportunities this has brought us.
In the face of uncertainty with world events, the company can be confident that its robust balance sheet, strong cash position, flexibility and unique position in the market will continue to facilitate further growth. I would like to take this opportunity to welcome Dr. Anita Odedra to the board of directors of Navigator Gas. Anita was appointed as of March 10, and we look forward to welcoming her to the Navigator board and to benefiting from her considerable industry experience. In this exciting time for Navigator, Dr. Odedra will be an extremely valuable contributor to our board of directors. Okay, I would like now to hand over the call to Niall Nolan, our Chief Financial Officer of Navigator Gas, who will give you a more detailed financial review. Thank you.
Thank you, Dag, and good morning. During the fourth quarter of 2021, the company, as Dag mentioned, generated a net income of $16.7 million or $0.22 per share.
Before impairment losses on nine vessels of $63.7 million. This is shown on slide six. This is considerably higher than the net income of $3.4 million for the fourth quarter of 2020, or the net income of $6.7 million for the previous quarter, Q3 of 2021. This $16.7 million is the highest quarterly net income since the first quarter of 2016 and relates to market improvements across the shipping segments, as well as increased volumes through the ethylene marine export terminal. Adjusted EBITDA for the fourth quarter was $55.2 million compared to $32 million for the fourth quarter of 2020 and $40.3 million for Q3 of 2021.
Total vessel operating revenue for the quarter was $129.4 million compared to $87.4 million for the comparative period of last year, and the $102.7 million generated during the prior quarter, third quarter of 2021. The $42 million dollar increase in revenue between the fourth quarters of this year and last was in part as a result of the seven additional handysize vessels joining the fleet as part of the Ultragas transaction in August 2021, which accounted for eleven point five million dollars of that increase. Another fifteen point nine million dollars as a result of revenues derived from the Unigas pool, representing revenues from the smaller Unigas vessels.
As a reminder, the Unigas fleet consisted of 18 vessels, seven of which are handysize, 22,000 cubic meters semi-refrigerated vessels similar to those operated by Navigator, and 11 were smaller 4,000-12,000 LPG or ethylene vessels. Two of the older smaller vessels have now been sold. The 1999 Happy Bride was sold in October 2021 for $4.75 million, and the 1999-built Happy Bird was sold for $6.1 million earlier this month.
Average charter rates rose too to approximately $22,500 per day, or $864,300 per month for the fourth quarter, up from $21,123 per day for the fourth quarter of 2020, which accounted for an additional $5.1 million to total revenues. Utilization too nudged up from 91% for the fourth quarter a year ago to 91.4% for this quarter. Three vessels were in dry dock for scheduled surveys during the fourth quarter, taking a total of 88 days. In total, 14 vessels have dry docked during the 12 months of 2021 at a total cost of $19.2 million.
The company did not have any other capital expenditure during 2021 and does not have any planned capital expenditure for 2022 other than dry dockings. Operating revenue from the pool was $8.3 million for the quarter, representing our share of the other participants' revenues, with voyage expenses from the Luna Pool of $6.4 million, representing the other participants' share of our revenues from the pool. Consequently, our vessels had a net benefit of $1.9 million from the pool during the fourth quarter of 2021, compared to a $600 thousand dollar deficit from the fourth quarter of 2020.
Voyage expenses increased by $5.4 million during the quarter to $21.9 million, principally as a result of the additional vessels in the fleet, most of which are under voyage charters, thereby incurring these pass-through voyage expenses. We see bunker costs, which form part of voyage expenses, increasing dramatically as a result of the situation in Ukraine, as there is concern about the shortage of oil globally as a result of possible energy sanctions against Russia. Vessel operating expenses or OpEx increased by 43.8% to $40.8 million for the fourth quarter, all of which was a result of the additional vessels in the fleet.
Vessel operating expenses per vessel per day actually reduced by $120 per day to $8,000 per day per vessel for the quarter compared to $8,119 per vessel per day during the fourth quarter of 2020. I referred to impairment losses on vessels of $63.7 million at the beginning of my remarks. This related to impairment on nine generally older vessels following a review in which we reduced the accounting estimated useful life of all vessels from 30 years to 25 years. As a result, the future cash flows of these vessels could not support the then carrying values of the nine vessels, leading to this impairment loss. As a result of shortening the estimated economic life of all vessels in our fleet to 25 years, depreciation from Q1 2022, i.e.
This quarter we're in will increase to approximately $30.9 million from a current level of around $25.7 million per quarter based on the existing fleet. General and administrative costs increased by $3.9 million to $10.3 million for the quarter, ostensibly as a result of incorporating the G&A costs of Ultragas of $1.4 million, severance costs of $1.1 million, and one-off legal and other costs associated with the Ultragas transaction of $1.3 million. Finally, other income being management fees earned from the other participant for our management of the Luna Pool was $100,000 for the quarter.
Interest expense for the fourth quarter was $10.7 million, an increase of $1.6 million or 18% on the fourth quarter of last year, all of which was as a result of interest on the additional debt taken on as part of the Ultragas transaction. That debt amounts to approximately $197 million, and attracts interest at US LIBOR, which is subject to a fixed rate swap of around 2%, plus the bank's margin, which varies depending on the facility of between 1.9% and 2.65%. Our share of results from the Ethylene Marine Export Terminal was a profit of $6.4 million for the quarter, based on 241,500 tons of ethylene throughput charges.
In addition, depreciation for the terminal was $1.5 million, giving an EBITDA for the quarter from the terminal of $8 million. On slide seven, we've got the balance sheet which is showing the company had a cash balance of $124 million at December 31, and a further $22.9 million available from undrawn revolving credit facilities associated with our secured vessel loans. Our minimum liquidity covenant from our various bank loans and credit agreements is a maximum of $50 million. Our total debt at December 31 was $932.8 million, comprising of loan facilities secured by our vessels of approximately $707 million, a credit facility associated with the terminal of $54.4 million and two Norwegian bonds in aggregate amounting to $171.7 million.
One vessel loan, as is outlined on slide eight, matures this current year, comprising of three six-year-old vessels in the amount of $50 million, and we are in the process of negotiating the refinancing of that facility, as well as focusing on refinancing two other facilities that mature in the second half of next year, 2023. Earlier this year, on January 14, we sold Navigator Neptune, a 2000-built ethylene carrier, for $21 million. The vessel acted as security under one of our outstanding Norwegian bonds, and in accordance with the terms of that bond, we tendered an offer for the net sale proceeds of $20.6 million to those bondholders at 102% of par. As there were no acceptances, and the bondholders preferring instead to retain the bonds, which have a maturity of November 2023.
Consequently, the net proceeds from the sale of the vessel have been released to the company for general corporate purposes. The company does have an existing call option on that bond at a redemption rate of 102.864%. That's it for me. I'll now pass you over to Oyevind for his remarks.
Thank you, Mark. Good morning, everyone. If we go to slide number 10. During 2021 last year, our fleet safely, reliably, and efficiently delivered 5.6 million metric tons on behalf of our LPG, petrochemical, and ammonia customers. 31% of this volume, being the largest portion by far, was exported from North America. We anticipate this portion to increase this year. However, there will most likely be other changes in the near and medium term to our trade flows as a consequence of the Russia and Ukraine conflict. As you can see on the slide on the pie chart, Ukraine is one of the largest exporters of ammonia with an annual export volume of 2.5 million metric tons. This represents approximately 15% of global seaborne ammonia demand.
Following the Black Sea port of Yuzhny closing, international ammonia consumers will need to seek sourcing from other locations, which can have an impact on distances sailed. The world still needs ammonia as an input to the production of fertilizers for the agricultural industry. Similarly, LPG is regularly exported from the Baltic Sea. This is set to continue subject to laws and regulations. We do, however, expect that the volumes will decline over the next nine months, in parallel with the EU's target to reduce its Russian gas imports by two-thirds by the end of the year. Europe's demand for LPG, however, remains in place, and we expect sourcing to switch to other locations close to Europe, such as Algeria and North America.
On page eleven, we can see Navigator's fourth quarter employment. You can see that it's increasing both in LPG and petrochemical earnings pace and utilization peaking during the month of December at 95.4%. As we mentioned in the recent trade update, our estimation of first quarter utilization remains above the 90% level. February is typically a softer month due to slowdown in activity leading up to the Lunar New Year. In addition, for 2022, Chinese importers also limited buying demand during Beijing Winter Olympics, following government restrictions curtailing production. If you look at page twelve, detailing the rate environment. Despite a step down in activity for February, the rate environment for handysize gas carriers, both ethylene capable, semi-refrigerated and fully refrigerated vessels remained steady during the period.
Larger fully refrigerated LPG carriers came off, however, with little to no effect on the handysize assessments. The very large gas carrier segment has, however, improved over the last week or so, responding to consumers securing LPG for energy demand in an uncertain environment. If you move to page 13. The global high cost of energy today, with Brent above $100 a barrel, significantly improves the competitiveness of North American natural gas liquids and its derivatives. While North American ethane volumes exported on handysize and medium-sized gas carriers declined during January and February on the graph, March is set to nearly match the record peak of December last year. Ethane used as feedstock for the production of ethylene is far more cost effective against naphtha, which is priced natural oil, and therefore, the petrochemical producers are motivated to import as much ethane as they can possibly consume.
That is a reflection of our expectation for March. Just to give you an example, we currently have one of our handysize vessels carrying ethane from U.S. to China across the Pacific. This is a trade that is typically only open for very large and medium-sized ethane ships due to the economies of scale. This indicates the tremendous value of U.S. ethane at this moment in time. In the same vein, ethylene exports reduced during February. Exports are, however, dramatically up for March, which may actually be a historic record of ethylene exports from the United States of America of more than 120,000 tons. Just to state the obvious, Navigator benefits from increasing North American ethane petchem exports, irrespective whether it's ethane or ethylene. Both indications show that the demand is picking up for the month of March. Going to page 14.
North American ethylene producers find themselves in a highly unique position. The graph shows U.S. ethylene cash costs compared to other parts of the world. In the current environment, with Brent above 100 dollars a barrel, North American producers that are represented in the light blue color move further to the left, resulting in a significant competitive edge. It strengthens our belief for sustained and continued ethylene exports to Europe and Asia. Europe and Asia is represented in yellow and green, and are located mostly in the third and fourth quartile on that graph. Therefore, in a global environment of high energy prices, high commodity prices, North America will further strengthen its leadership in natural gas liquids and derivative production and exports.
Navigator is in a phenomenal position as the logistics provider to connect U.S. producers and upstream companies with international consumers. We are very much looking forward to setting new export records together with our partners in the coming months for this segment. With that, I will hand it back to the operator that can open for Q&A. Thank you.
Thank you very much, ladies and gentlemen. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. If you wish to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad and wait for the automated message advising your line is open. Please state your first and last name before you ask your question. If you wish to cancel your request, please press star two. Once again, please press star one if you wish to ask a question. We will now take our first question. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Hi there. Yes, Omar Nokta from Clarksons Securities. Thank you. Yeah. Hi, guys. Good morning and good afternoon.
Hi, Omar.
Hi. Nice to see the business obviously firing on all cylinders in terms of the fleet, performance and also the terminal. I just wanted to ask maybe, you know, as you highlighted it, regarding the Russia exposure, you know, those four vessels that are on charter to the Russian counterparties, those contracts are obviously still in force but become void if the entities or the end, you know, the ultimate entities are sanctioned. Are there any restrictions at the moment, I guess in terms of where those ships are able to transit kind of under the current sanction framework? And are these going into Russian ports at the moment? Can you maybe just discuss that a little bit?
Thanks, Omar. Clearly it is something that we are highly focused on with continuous monitoring of all sanctions. Just to be clear, those ships under existing charters comply with U.S., UK, and EU sanction policies and regulation. That might change, of course. In the contracts, which is quite typical and very normal across the industry, not specific to Navigator, is sanction clauses. Should something change, it will give you the option to terminate if sanctions are either on the product or the counterpart. Now, the counterpart for us is based in Austria, which is then in turn owned by SIBUR Holding in Russia. That company is not sanctioned and complies with both U.S., UK, and EU sanction policies as they are today. Should that change now, time will tell.
At the moment, its product, which is propane, is being bought by European consumers. Nothing to do with Navigator, but European consumers are currently unrestricted in buying those products, for the time being. The ports that we go to are still allowing ships to call those ports. Good question, and it's in flux, and we're monitoring on an hourly, minutely basis.
Thank you for that, Øyvind. That makes sense. I guess, you know, should the sanctions get more, you know, stringent and the contract becomes void, is there any concern that the charter just doesn't get back to the ship? Is that a possibility or is that maybe seemingly just a moot point considering you are actually operating the vessel?
Sorry, what was the question? Sorry.
Omar, maybe.
Sorry. There is no chance, Omar. I mean, the ships are crewed by our crew, and they are not used for cabotage trade, meaning staying within any particular country. In this case, Russia. Were they to go to international waters, if there were some suggestion that might happen and they went into international waters, then clearly we would direct the ship to go where we wanted it to go. No, in essence.
Okay. Very good. Thank you. You know what? I've got a few more questions, but I'll hop back in the queue and let other analysts ask. Thanks, guys.
Thanks, Omar.
Thank you. We will now take our next question. Please go ahead, caller. Your line is open.
Hey, guys. This is Sean Morgan calling from Evercore.
Hi.
Hey, how's it going? You know, great production obviously from the ethylene terminal this quarter. But just trying to understand, you know, setting base rates for the rest of the year. I mean, there's been so much volatility in terms of volumes of production on a quarter-to-quarter basis. Should we be planning for seasonality there, or should we be planning for sort of fully ramped up, you know, high utilization once, you know, we get kind of past all these different operational issues we've had with chillers and construction? Will that start to steady out into a constant stream, or is there gonna be, you know, a fair amount of variability in the utilization of that terminal going forward?
Hi, Sean. I'll try to answer that one. The operational issues from a year ago, February 2021 are, you know, they're ironed out. The terminal itself is operational. Everything is working. The question is basically regarding the fundamental dynamics of U.S. ethylene production and its attractiveness in international markets. I was speaking to our partner, Enterprise Products Partners, earlier this week. Indications shows that we have illustrated on page 13 that March looking to be, at least from our terminal, more than 100,000 tons. Looking at the historical record, and in addition, you have export terminal. Their commentary for April and onwards is very strong. Why? It's exactly what we talked about on page 14.
The unique position of America, access of cheap ethane that will produce cheap ethylene, and the rest of the world, Europe and Asia, compared with when using naphtha, which is highly priced, it just makes absolute sense to crank up as much ethylene and ethane you can get out of United States of America. That's the environment we're in. I believe you'll be seeing strong numbers from the terminal for North America full.
Okay. That's sort of given the current markets. I guess we can infer from that, though, if like in, you know, three years from now, things are kind of more normalized, you know, maybe, crude prices have kind of settled into a more steady state then, utilization could kind of dip from the sort of peak demand that we're seeing now.
The terminal itself is almost fully contracted. There's discussion to see. We talked about this, 10%, 20% above nameplate capacity. Our friends at Enterprise have definitely shown its capability to increase and crank up the exports when needed. You have the base, which is almost 100%, which is one million tons per annum. Then they have shown their capability of doing 20% more than that for peak demand.
Okay. All right. Then if I could just squeeze in one model question. The rate on the 13 ships for the new Ultragas related facility, I think you said it swapped out at 2%. Is that an all-in fixed, you know, effective fixed rate at 2%, or is that 2% above some sort of. Like I know it's fixed, so like LIBOR doesn't apply, but 2% just seems really low, so trying to understand what the appropriate rate is for that.
Yeah, no. LIBOR is fixed on that 2%. On top of that, you have bank margin are between 1.9% and 2.65%.
Gotcha. Okay. Yeah, all right. You're fixing the base rate, and then the spread still applies. Okay, thanks. That helps clear that up.
Okay. Thanks.
Bye.
Thank you. We will now take our next question. Please go ahead caller, your line is open.
Hey, guys. This is Ben Nolan over at Stifel. A couple of other follow-ons. I did wanna just clarify a little bit of what you're talking about with respect to Russia, not necessarily your contracts with SIBUR, but when you're looking at whether it's the ammonia coming out of Ukraine or the LPG coming out of Russia, it's your view that there's excess capacity elsewhere in the world such that there won't be necessarily fewer cargoes or less capacity of those products. It's just it'll be produced elsewhere and probably go a longer distance. Is that how you're thinking about it?
Interesting question, Ben. Let's try to go to basics. Europe imported 1.5 million tons of LPG from Russia last year. 350,000 tons of that was by sea, and the rest was on rail. Now, the largest portion of Russia supply of LPG to Europe is there on rail. Some of that will be restricted, I am sure, or the largest portion of it, and that amount will have to come from somewhere else. Should the seaborne trade also stop, then you're looking at a shortfall in Europe of 1.5 million tons if you assume 2022 is the same as 2021. Therefore, which I mentioned briefly, the law of close proximity will kick in.
Where is this then that Europe can source that 1.5 million tons or whatever that shortfall is coming from? That is then Mediterranean; they have capacity. The largest one, as you know and you're living in, is United States of America and the transatlantic trade. There's a huge opportunity for North America to supply any shortfall of LPG that comes from this conflict for the European continent. If that is the case, which I think, then that increases what Dag mentioned at the opening remarks, longer ton mile. The question follows, what ships, what vessels will be doing that? Well, that will be a mix. What I tried to point out was that for Navigator's cargo shipped last year, less than 5% came from Russia.
Should that go away, it's only a small part of the business. Even Trinidad and Tobago was bigger for Navigator. Anyway, that's a different topic.
Okay. No, that's helpful. I appreciate that. Wait a minute. Switching gears for a moment, you guys sold the Neptune, which, you know, was a 22-year-old ship, but it is an ethylene carrier in a market where clearly that's. There's a lot of tightness in the ethylene carrier side, specifically on the handysize portion of the fleet. Can you maybe talk through that a little bit, what the thinking was behind that asset sale?
Hi, Ben. I think it was probably twofold. One, commercially and financially. It is, as you say, a 22-year-old vessel, and therefore, there is a timeline. I also mentioned we've revised our estimated economic life to 25 years, so it's got three years of life. If you look at any of the analysts, the shipping analysts who are valuing the ship, nobody valued it at anything approaching $21 million, so it was a very good price. I guess thirdly, the purchaser is a Chinese counterpart who we understand is going to use the ship for their own purposes in or around China or at least at that side of the world. So it's not.
We do not believe that it is going to be competing with us on the business and trades that we tend to operate on.
Okay. All right. That sounds good. I appreciate the color. Thanks, guys.
Thanks, Ben.
Thank you once again. If you wish to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone and wait for the automated message stating your line is open. If you wish to cancel your request, please press star two. And we will now take our next question. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Good morning. Clement Mullins. I'm from Value Investor's Edge. Following up on the terminal, you expect March throughput to be very strong, and you also underline how higher prices increase the competitiveness of North American ethylene benefiting your terminal. I was wondering, are you currently looking at increasing throughput capacity? If so, what kind of timing would be looking at for the facility to come online?
It's an interesting question, which is very relevant in this environment. High commodity price, high oil price definitely puts U.S. ethylene exports in the boardrooms internationally for people who their business is to produce polyethylene or ethylene derivatives. The last two years of COVID and, you know, depressed markets arguably, then that hasn't really featured in people's minds. Now that the world has changed over the last few weeks, security of ethylene from the States is definitely back on the agenda. We will be working extremely hard and diligent with our partners to drum up interest internationally for a possible expansion. Absolutely.
All right. That's very helpful. You've been divesting the oldest portion of the fleet after the merger with Ultragas, and you're now also sitting on a comfortable financial position. Could you provide some commentary what your capital allocation priorities will be going forward?
A good question, too. I think the first part of that would be debt reduction. We would also be looking at other options, alternative investments, and then considering introducing a dividend or share buyback policy. That's obviously a subject matter for the board, which has yet to consider that, but that would not be unreasonable. Certainly in the short term, I mentioned we've got a number of facilities coming up for maturity next year, so we would look at reducing some of our debt in the initial phase.
All right. That's fair. Thank you very much for taking my questions.
You're welcome.
Thank you. We will now take our next question. Please go ahead, caller. Your line is open. Mr. Nolan, your line is open.
Oh, sorry, I was muted, sir. I didn't wanna overstay my welcome the first time, so I appreciate you taking another question from me. There had been some noise in the market over the last, I don't know, three or four months, about you guys having a partnership that was possibly moving into the transportation of CO2. I'm curious if you could frame that in a little bit. And then also, given everything that's going on in Russia and energy prices and everything else, do you think maybe CO2 or carbon capture and the movement of that has sort of taken a little bit of a backseat to energy security and that kind of thing and maybe is being a little bit more slow played than it had been?
Yeah. An expansive question. It's twofold. You're correct. Dan-Unity, which is a joint venture between Ultragas and Evergas to develop, which is now Navigator Gas, is to develop, CO2 transportation services, for that. What they've done so far is to design a fully-fledged CO2 ship type with a particular containment system that is needed to transport, CO2 in a CO2 supply chain. There are a couple of projects and a lot of discussions going on, in Europe, across the Atlantic as well, about the possibility, logistics, economics, and practicality of that trade. There's a public project in Denmark specifically called Project Greensand, which this joint venture is a part of. It is definitely moving in the right direction. Baby steps at the moment, it could be something much bigger.
The second part of your question is this a backseat at the moment? I think quite the opposite. If you read the news in Europe, trying to reduce energy dependency of any other region, then environment and alternative sourcing is coming big time. In that scope, Europeans will have to address the carbon issue that Europe has, among others. Therefore, I think I don't think there's any stopping of or reduction in interest in CO2 transportation. Quite the contrary.
Okay. That's helpful. That was my only other question. I appreciate it. Thank you.
Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. Gentlemen, back to you.
Okay. I would thank you all for attending our fourth quarter earnings call, and we will speak to you all again at the first quarter of 2022. Thank you very much, and goodbye.
Thank you, ladies and gentlemen. That does conclude your conference call for today. Thank you for participating, and you may now disconnect.