mailing of William Valentin of Computershare, relating to the proof of mailing of the notice, calling this meeting and the proxy statement in accordance with the bylaws of the corporation, and I direct that this affidavit of mailing be filed with the minutes of this meeting. I have before me a certified list of the holders of the Class B voting stock at the close of business on March eighth, 2024, the record date fixed by the board of directors for the purpose of determining the stockholders entitled to vote at this meeting, which has been certified by Sharon Barton of Computershare Shareholder Services, our transfer agent. The list indicates that there are 99,665 shares of Class B voting common stock entitled to vote at this meeting.
The list will be open for inspection by any stockholder of the corporation for the duration of this meeting. The Inspector of Elections report has now been received. The number of shares of Class B voting common stock represented in person by stockholders at this meeting is 0. The number of shares of Class B voting common stock represented by proxies received from stockholders is 97,306, for a total of 97,306 shares represented, being a sufficient representation for a quorum. The total number of shares of Class B voting common stock represented at the meeting represents approximately 98% of the issued and outstanding Class B voting common stock of the corporation.
Legal notice of the meeting having been given and a quorum being present, I now declare the meeting lawfully called and convened and ready for the transaction of business. I propose to proceed with the formalities of this meeting before addressing you with respect to the year ended December 31, 2023, and the current year, and answering any questions you may have. The first order of business is the nomination and election of directors. The Nominating Corporate Governance Committee, in accordance with its charter, has recommended that nine persons named in the proxy statement, all of whom currently serve as directors, be nominated. I now will ask a holder of Class B voting shares to nominate the slate of nominees named in the proxy statement for election as directors of the corporation.
I nominate the following persons for election as members of the board of directors of the corporation to serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors have been elected and qualified. Evan Behrens, Tim Dwyer, Paul Friedman, Teresa Glasser, Stacy Kanter, Albert Lowenthal, Robert Lowenthal, Lawrence Roth, Suzanne Spaulding.
Is there a second to the motion?
I second the motion.
Are there any other nominees? If not, I will entertain a motion that nominations be closed.
I move that nominations be closed.
Is there a second to the motion?
I second the motion.
Each holder of shares of Class B voting common stock entitled to vote will have the right to one vote for each share recorded in his or her name. The nominee... The nine nominees for director receiving the highest number of votes shall be elected. Any Class B common stockholder who wishes to vote in person by ballot should submit their vote by pressing the vote button on your screen now. The inspector's report having been filed, I report on the voting as follows: Each of the nine nominees for director has been elected to serve as a director of the corporation until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his or her respective successor has been elected and qualified, each nominee having received at least 97,306 votes in favor of his or her election.
I now propose to move to the ratification of the appointment of auditors for this fiscal year. The Audit Committee of your Board of Directors has, pursuant to its charter, the sole authority and responsibility to appoint independent auditors for ratification by the stockholders. The Audit Committee has selected Deloitte & Touche LLP for appointment as the corporation's independent registered public accounting firm for 2024. Accordingly, I request that a holder of Class B voting common stock move that the selection by the Audit Committee of Deloitte & Touche LLP, as the corporation's auditors for the 2024 fiscal year, be ratified.
I move, that Deloitte & Touche LLP be appointed as the corporation's independent registered public accounting firm for the corporation's 2024 fiscal year at a remuneration to be fixed by the Audit Committee.
Is there a second to the motion?
I second the motion.
Each holder of shares of Class B voting common stock entitled to vote will have the right to one vote for each share recorded in his or her name. To pass, this matter requires that the approval of a simple majority of the votes cast by the holders of Class B voting stock, represented in person or by proxy at this meeting. Any Class B common stockholder who wishes to vote in person by ballot should submit their vote by pressing the vote button on your screen now. The inspector's report having been filed, I report that the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as the corporation's independent registered public accounting firm for the corporation's 2024 fiscal year at a rate of remuneration to be set by the Audit Committee has been ratified, having received 97,306 votes in favor of the proposal.
I now propose to move to the ratification of the adoption of the corporation's 2024 incentive plan, as described in the proxy statement. I will now ask a holder of Class B voting stock to move the ratification of the corporation's 2024 incentive plan, as described in the proxy statement.
Mr. Chairman, I move that the resolution passed by the Board of Directors on March 1, 2024, adopting the Oppenheimer Holdings, Inc., 2024 incentive plan, appearing as Appendix Exhibit A to the proxy statement, providing for the issue of up to 1 million shares of Class A stock, be ratified and confirmed, and the proper officers and directors of the corporation be authorized and directed to take all such action and execute all such documents as are necessary to implement the terms of the foregoing resolution.
Is there a second to the motion?
I second the motion.
Each holder of shares of Class B voting common stock, entitled to vote, will have the right to one vote for each share recorded in his or her name. To pass, this matter requires the approval of a simple majority of the votes cast by the holders of Class B voting stock, represented in person or by proxy at this meeting. Any Class B common stock holder who wishes to vote in person by ballot, should submit their vote by pressing the vote button on your screen now.
The inspector's report having been filed, I report that the resolution passed by the board of directors on March 1, 2024, adopting the Oppenheimer Holdings, Inc., 2024 incentive plan, appearing as Exhibit A to the proxy statement, providing for the issue of up to 1 million shares of Class A stock, has been approved, and the proper officers and directors of the corporation, having been authorized and directed to take all such action and execute such documents as necessary to implement the terms of the foregoing resolution, such proposal as having received 97,306 votes in favor thereof. Is there any additional business to properly come before the meeting? There being no additional business, I ask that a holder of Class B voting common stock move that the meeting be adjourned.
Thereafter, I will address those present and answer any questions you may have.
I move that the meeting be adjourned.
Is there a second to the motion?
I second the motion.
All in favor say aye.
Aye.
Aye.
I declare the meeting adjourned. We have now completed the formalities of the meeting, and I now will address the year ended December 31, 2023, and the current year, and answer any questions you may have. Thank you for your attention, and I would now like to discuss the results of the company, both for calendar year 2023 and the first quarter of 2024. We move to slide number 4. Oppenheimer is a preeminent wealth manager and an investment bank with wide capabilities and a firm with roots that go back almost 200 years. Our revenues in 2023 were $1.25 billion, and 72% of that was from wealth management and 28% from capital markets.
Our shareholders' equity has reached over $800 million, with book value now at $77.47 per share and tangible book value at $60.41 per share. Our earnings for the full year of 2023 were $2.81 per share, which was negatively impacted by litigation costs and regulatory issues, as well as a very sluggish investment banking environment. At quarter's end, we had 2,952 employees, of which 936 were financial advisors. Our assets under administration was a record $124.9 billion, and our assets under management was a record $46.6 billion in fee-based programs. Next slide. The company has a global footprint, operating out of 89 branch offices in the U.S. and with offices in five foreign financial centers, including London, Geneva, Hong Kong, Tel Aviv, Israel, and on the Isle of Jersey.
Outside of the US, our operations are in capital markets and investment banking only. Next slide. In 2023, we had revenue of $1.2 billion and net income of $30.2 million. Our basic earnings per share was $2.81 for the full year of 2023. Our compensation expense as a percentage of revenue was 62.7% during the 2023 year, versus 66.7% during the prior year. This was primarily due to higher interest sensitive revenues and not directly correlated with compensation. Our higher non-compensation expense for the full year 2023, was largely due to the impact of significant legal costs and an accrual for a regulatory settlement. The effective tax rate for the 2023 was 35.3%, compared with 29.5% for the prior year.
Adversely affected due to the impact of a nondeductible $13 million regulatory settlement during the year. With this expense not included, the adjusted tax rate would have been a mere 27.6%.... During the year, the company repurchased 900,518 shares, or 8% of the Class A non-voting common stock outstanding. These were purchased under our previously announced share repurchase program, as well as a Dutch auction tender offer conducted during the year. Next slide. Increased revenue for the first quarter of 2024 was primarily driven by a significant improvement in private placement and underwriting-related fees generated by our investment banking group, as well as higher advisory fees attributable to a rise in billable assets under management, as well as continued strength in its fixed income sales and trading.
Bank deposit sweep income decreased from a year ago due to lower cash sweep balances. Assets under administration and under management were both at record levels at March 31, 2024, benefiting from market appreciation and positive net asset flows. Non-compensation expense decreased from the prior year, primarily due to lower legal costs, primarily offset by higher interest expense for the quarter. Compensation expenses increased from the prior year, largely due to a higher base salary expense and higher production-related expenses. During the quarter, the company repurchased 214,723 shares, 2% of those outstanding during the first quarter, versus 95,055 during the prior year. Book value and tangible book value per share reached new record highs as a result of positive earnings and share repurchases. Next slide.
As shown in the accompanying charts, revenue was $1.248 billion, compared to $1.110 billion during 2022. For the quarter, our revenue was $353.1 million, compared to $321.7 million in the first quarter of 2023. On net income, our net income for 2023 was $42.3 million, compared to $32.4 million on a non-GAAP basis and $30.2 million on a fully reported GAAP basis. In the first quarter of 2024, our income was $26.1 million, up 78% from $14.6 million in the first quarter of 2023. Earnings per share for 2023 was $2.59, versus $2.77 in the prior year.
It was $2.81 on a non-GAAP basis. In the first quarter of 2024, our income was $2.50 per share, compared to $1.32 in 2023. Shareholders' equity reached $789.2 million, down from $794.2 million in 2022. The first quarter of 2023 was a record $801.5 million, compared to $800.4 million in first quarter of 2023, both reflective of shares bought back during the period. Next slide. Here's a chart of our common shares. As of April 30, it was $40.05 closing share price. Next slide. At March 31, 2024, we had total assets of $3.25 billion and stockholders' equity of $801 million.
Our long-term debt was $133 million, which becomes callable at par beginning in July of this year. Our total outstanding Class A shares was 10,247,000. Our regulatory capital at our broker-dealer was $431 million, with excess net capital of $412 million. Book value was a record $77.47, compared to $55.40 a year ago. Tangible book value is $60.41, compared to $41.31 a year ago. We recently declared a $0.15 dividend, which will be payable on May 24 of this month. Next slide. During 2023, we bought back a total of 950,518 shares, or 8.8% of those outstanding.
In the first quarter of this year, we bought back 214,723, or 2% of those outstanding. We continue to purchase shares in the open market when the shares are attractively priced and return value to our shareholders. Next slide. Interest and fee revenue have been particularly important since rates began to climb in 2021. While our FDIC balance declined from a high of over $8 billion in 2020, they still produce an important stream of income, with $3.2 billion in balances recently. Total revenue for the twelve months ending 3/31 was $160 million. Our margin debits, those being funds lent to clients in margin accounts, were $1.222 billion at 3/31, with interest revenue of $78.6 million for the last twelve months... Next slide.
Looking at the pie charts, in 2023, we had total revenue of $1,249 million, with capital markets contributing $345.9 million, or 28%. Our private client division representing $807 million-$801 million, or 64% of the total, and of that total, $257.9 million represented sweep income. Finally, asset management contributed $88.4 million, or 7% of the total revenues. These totals all compare with 2022, when we had $1,111 million of total revenue, with capital markets contributing $337.8 million, or 30% of the total. Private client representing $675.7, or 61% of the total, of which sweep interest income represented $156.4 million.
Finally, Asset Management contributing $99.2 million, or 9% of the total. On a pre-tax income basis, Private Client in 2022 contributed to $142.3 million and was increased substantially in 2023, contributing $194.4 million. Asset Management in 2022 contributed $35.8 million, compared to $24.1 million in 2023. Capital Markets in 2022 lost $25.7 million and lost a total of $63 million in 2023. That's all on a pre-tax basis. Next slide.
Our breakdown for the first quarter of 2024 versus 2023 is as follows: looking at the pie charts, our first quarter revenue was $353 million in 2024, with capital markets contributing $112.1 million, or 32%, private client contributing $213 million, or 60% of the total, of which $56.9 million came from sweep interest income. And finally, asset management contributed $24.9 million, or 7%. Corporate other contributed $3.1 million. First quarter of 2023 revenue was $321 million, with capital markets contributing only $90.3 million, or 28% of the total. Private client contributing $203.4 or 63% of the total, of which $69.5 was sweep interest income.
Finally, asset management contributed $24 million of the total. Pre-tax income breakdown by segment has private client in the first quarter of 2023, representing $54.5 million, and in the first quarter of 2024 was $68.2 million. Asset management contributed $6.5 million in 2023, an increase to $7.6 million in 2024. Capital markets showed a loss of $15.5 million in the first quarter of 2023, and the loss was reduced to $6.7 million in the first quarter of 2024. Next slide. Oppenheimer conducts its wealth management through a full-service platform, and we're one of the largest non-bank broker-dealers. Our wealth management revenue represented $890 million in 2023, versus $775 million in 2022.
In the first quarter, revenue was $238 million for private client versus $227 million in the prior year. Assets per financial advisor increased to $133.6 million versus $113.6 million in the first quarter of last year. Our profit margin for the private client division and wealth management platform increased to 31.8% versus 26.8% in the first quarter of 2022. Next slide. As you can see from the bar charts, there's been a positive shift to fee-based pricing over a long period of time. In the most recent year, 68% of wealth management revenues now come from fees.
Our assets under administration reached a new high of $124.9 billion at the end of the first quarter of 2024, and assets under management, or fee-based assets, reached a new high of $46.6 billion at the end of the first quarter of 2024. Next slide. For the full year of 2023, capital markets provides three areas of revenue: investment banking, research, and broad-based trading to institutional clients in both equities and fixed income. Sales and trading revenues were up 6.5%. Investment banking revenues for the full year of 2023 were down 4.5%. Capital markets revenues were up to $112 million at the end of the first quarter of 2024 versus $90 million a year ago. Total capital markets revenue for 2023 was $345.9 million.
In summary, let me talk about first, the company generated positive operating revenues for 2023, despite mixed conditions and significantly higher legal costs, driven by a legacy legal matter and nonrecurring regulatory settlement on off-channel communications. During the first quarter of 2024, we had record asset under management levels, which drove significant increases in our advisory fees, while a meaningful uptick in private placement underwriting volumes, boosted investment banking revenues for the first quarter. Our balance sheet remains well capitalized, with low overall leverage and broker-dealer regulatory capital far in excess of required minimums.
During both periods, for all of 2024, we took advantage of periodic dips in our share price to purchase approximately 900,518 shares for the full year 2023, and 214,723 shares in the first quarter of 2024. Looking forward, the company is well-positioned to provide client advice amidst uncertainty in interest rates, geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, and potential market volatility in a presidential election year. We will continue to pursue organic and inorganic profit growth opportunities in areas complementary to our existing businesses, while continuing to look at the independent channel for growth.
Moving into the second quarter of 2024, advisory fees are expected to benefit from tailwinds, driven by elevated assets under management levels, but we also expect interest-sensitive revenues to be pressured should the Federal Reserve pivot and decrease rates later in the year. The company will continue to opportunistically pursue hiring qualified candidates across the platform, including in wealth management and capital markets. I want to thank you for your attendance today, and I want to ask Mr. McNamara whether we have any questions outstanding?
There are no questions outstanding at this time.
I then thank you all for your attendance today, and declare the meeting closed.
This meeting is now concluded. You may now disconnect.