Good afternoon, and welcome everyone to Ouster's first quarter earnings conference call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After today's presentation and remarks, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. If you'd like to ask a question during this time, simply press star one on your telephone keypad. If you'd like to withdraw your question, please press the star one key. The call today is being recorded and a replay of the call will be available on the Ouster Investor Relations website an hour after the completion of this call. I'd now like to turn the conference over to Sarah Ewing, Director of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
Thank you and good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining us for our 2023 first quarter earnings call. I'm joined today by Ouster's Chief Executive Officer, Angus Pacala, and Chief Financial Officer, Mark Weinswig. Before we begin the prepared remarks, we would like to remind you that earlier today, Ouster issued a press release announcing its first quarter 2023 results. The company also published an investor presentation, which is available on the investor relations section of ouster.com.
I'd also like to remind everyone that during the course of this conference call, Ouster's management will discuss certain forward-looking information regarding the company, including forecasts, targets, statements from its press release, potential customer feature orders and shipments, near and long-term revenue opportunities, strategic customer agreements, market share trends, anticipated synergies from the company's merger with Velodyne, ability to recognize the benefits of cost savings initiatives, future products, anticipated benefits and applications of new product releases, technological advancements in commercial paths, potential future market opportunities, customer traction, and the company's business outlook in second quarter 2023 financial guidance and trajectory are forward-looking statements that are intended to be covered by the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 for forward-looking statements. There is no guarantee that such plans, estimates, and expectations will be achieved.
While these statements represent management's expectations, future results, and performance, Ouster's actual results are subject to several risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations that we may share with you today. In addition to any risks highlighted during this call, you should carefully consider that other important risk factors and disclosures that may affect Ouster's future results are described in the most recent annual report on Form 10-K and other reports the company files with or furnishes with the SEC. Except as required by law, rule, or regulation, the company undertakes no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this call.
Information discussed on this call concerning the company's industry, competitive position, and the markets in which it operates is based on information from independent industry and research organizations, other third-party sources and management estimates, which are derived from publicly available information released by independent industry analysts and other third-party sources, as well as data from the company's internal research and are based on reasonable assumptions and computations made upon reviewing such data and its experience in and knowledge of such industry and markets. By definition, assumptions are subject to uncertainty and risk, which could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in the estimates. During this call, we will discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures which exclude the effects of events and transactions we consider to be outside our core operations as outlined in today's press release.
These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered as a supplement to and not a substitute for measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. For a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures discussed during this call to the most directly comparable GAAP measures, please refer to today's press release. I'd now like to turn the call over to Angus.
Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining us today. Before we report on our first quarter 2023 results and business update, I want to share a few thoughts on the state of the lidar industry and Ouster's strategic positioning. It's clear that market perception of the lidar industry has taken a sharp turn since a number of companies entered the public markets through SPACs. Companies and investors alike have realized that products can be challenging to manufacture and audit timelines continue to be pushed out. This, coupled with a challenging macroeconomic environment, has led to a sharp market correction. Ouster is not immune to these market dynamics, and I share the pain our investors feel. As CEO and co-founder and a large shareholder myself, I do not take this lightly.
I also want to stress that I am immensely confident in the Ouster team, our strategic approach within this competitive space, and the opportunity we see to make lidar ubiquitous across a myriad of industries. Ouster is in a strong financial and commercial position with significant cash reserves, accelerating revenues and bookings, and an incredible product roadmap spanning multiple generations of both scanning and solid state digital lidar sensors, as well as new innovative software products to serve the vast opportunities for lidar technology. Ouster is more capable and competitive than ever. Following our merger with Velodyne, we kicked off a large-scale effort to realign Ouster's operating model to build a strong business that is both competitive and resilient and puts us on a path to profitability.
While we're working through the short-term impacts associated with the integration and our operational realignment, the incredible demand for our industry-leading REV7 sensors gives us confidence that we're gearing up for a strong second half of the year and are well-positioned to capitalize on the growth opportunity associated with our differentiated multi-market approach. Ouster achieved strong growth in the first quarter, delivering over $17 million in revenue, including $6.4 million in revenues from Velodyne and booking $33 million in business from new and existing customers. We shipped over 3,000 Ouster OS and Velodyne lidar sensors to customers worldwide. Our new software solutions business for Ouster Gemini and Ouster BlueCity drove expanded deals and new customer adoption within the smart infrastructure vertical.
Over the course of the first quarter, our team has been intently focused on realigning our cost structure, streamlining manufacturing and delivering on our product roadmap in order to build a competitive go-forward enterprise. We've identified four strategic priorities for the business in 2023 that we plan to update on each quarter. One, drive new business through targeted sales approach to deliver near term growth. Two, execute on the digital lidar roadmap for OS and DF series to expand our serviceable market. Three, develop a robust software ecosystem to accelerate lidar adoption. Four, build a financially strong business to support our long term growth and deliver value to shareholders.
We expanded sales of our new REV7 sensors powered by our next generation L3 chip, shipping sensors to over 110 customers in the first quarter of 2023, including warehouse automation customers like Vecna Robotics, Cyngn, and Valeo, as well as a number of large industrial trucking, bus and mining equipment OEMs. I am also excited to report that earlier today we announced that Ouster was awarded a production win to be the exclusive supplier of long-range lidar for Motional's all-electric IONIQ 5 based robotaxis. The serial production agreement will see Ouster supply Motional with our VLS-128 sensors through 2026. Motional is a leading AV company with large scale deployments and strong commercial partnerships, and I'm thrilled to partner with them.
I see digital lidar as the end state technology for lidar, an approach that continues to be reinforced by broad commercial traction and direct customer feedback. By reducing the components of an analog system and integrating that complexity onto a powerful custom silicon chip that tracks with Moore's Law, we can continue to drive significant performance gains with each chip tape out without redesigning our products from the ground up. This also allows us to leverage economies of scale across our digital products and to quickly scale up manufacturing, given our simplified architecture while simultaneously marching down the cost curve faster than our analog peers. Our REV7 OS sensor suite, powered by the L3 chip, improved our overall competitiveness across markets and doubled our collective serviceable obtainable market, or SOM, cementing our position as an industry leader for high performance lidar.
With REV7 sales, production and shipments now ramping, our engineering team is working on the next generation custom silicon to power our OS sensors. The L4 chip, which is expected to tape out later this year. This is the power of digital lidar. Continuous improvements that support new and existing customers across ever expanding use cases and end markets. I look forward to providing the market with more information on our OS sensor roadmap as we move through the rest of the year. We are also on track to deliver early B-samples of our solid-state Digital Flash, or DF sensors, which are expected to be sampled by automotive customers for the first time in the second half of this year. These early B-samples represent the final form factor for our DF sensors for high volume series production automotive programs.
This is a critical milestone on our automotive roadmap and in our commercial engagements with automakers, including our strategic OEM partner. We will mature our B-samples over time by replacing our current silicon chip, Godzilla, with our next generation silicon, the Chronos chip. With Godzilla, our DF sensor is already operational today, producing rich point cloud data at long range and high resolution. The state-of-the-art Chronos chip will take our DF sensors to the next level, targeting improved performance across the board, including resolution, power efficiency, memory, dynamic range, and detection accuracy. As the backbone of Ouster's DF series, the Chronos chip is designed to meet ASIL B automotive functional safety requirements according to ISO 26262 and AEC-Q100 automotive qualifications. We intend to tape out the Chronos chip later this year and to integrate the chip into the first sample units early next year.
I cannot wait to demonstrate the performance, cost, and flexibility advantage of the DF product line in the second half of this year. Turning to our new solutions business built on our software offerings, Ouster Gemini and Ouster BlueCity, we're seeing a fantastic customer response to the combination of our digital lidar hardware, including the OSDome, combined with our new software solutions. Part of our plans to unify our software solutions for the smart infrastructure vertical, Ouster BlueCity will be underpinned by Ouster Gemini to add OS sensor compatibility, more features, and better overall performance to Ouster BlueCity customers. We currently have hundreds of active smart infrastructure deployments around the world for intelligent transportation systems, crowd and retail analytics, and security monitoring.
Each of these deployments presents an opportunity for our software. We are also partnering with new system integrators to accelerate the deployment of our products into these markets. Ouster lidar will be included in six of the SMART grant program deployments that we were awarded earlier this year as part of the funding provided within the U.S. infrastructure bill. With millions of signalized intersections around the world and the global market for end system security cameras already estimated at $32 billion, there is a multi-billion dollar market opportunity for lidar and smart infrastructure that Ouster is poised to capture. Capturing the large and growing market for lidar requires more than high-performance competitive products. It requires a financially strong business that can support our long-term growth and deliver value to stockholders.
Starting with immediate initiatives to support the ongoing integration, we are now targeting annualized merger cost synergies of $80 million-$85 million. These cost savings, including already $50 million on an annualized basis in the first quarter of 2023, combined with strong bookings and rebounded quarter-on-quarter Average Selling Prices, position us well on a go-forward basis. We continue to identify new synergies and look forward to providing the market with a thoughtful and credible business model following integration later this year. As part of Ouster's outsourced manufacturing strategy, we completed the transition of the VLP-16 sensors to Fabrinet in Thailand in the first quarter. We're also on track to fully transition the VLP-32 by the end of the second quarter and the VLS-128 by the end of this year.
In addition to our ongoing efforts to strengthen the overall business and catalyze new growth, Ouster is also taking steps to enforce its intellectual property and ensure fair competition in the market. In April, we filed a patent infringement complaint with the U.S. International Trade Commission against the Chinese lidar maker Hesai. We also filed a patent infringement complaint against Hesai in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, seeking an injunction in monetary damages. Hesai has had multiple patent infringement claims filed against it, while Ouster holds one of the largest patent families in the lidar industry and has successfully enforced and defended its patent portfolio previously. We intend to vigorously enforce our patents until the infringing products are barred.
With that, I'll turn it over to our CFO, Mark Weinswig, to provide more context on our financial results for the first quarter and outlook for the second quarter, as well as provide further details on our near-term integration progress.
Thank you, Angus. Good afternoon, everyone. We made significant progress this quarter towards completing our merger integration efforts and realigning Ouster's business model with our expected growth trajectory. Further, we saw increasing customer demand for our industry-leading REV7 sensors, driving strong bookings in the first quarter and a rebound in average selling prices over the fourth quarter of 2022. Starting off with our first quarter 2023 results, we recognized a record $17.2 million in revenue, which includes $6.4 million in revenue from Velodyne product sales since the closing of the merger on February 10th, 2023. Industrial and robotics customers drove the majority of our revenue in the first quarter, accounting for approximately 60% of our sales, closely followed by sales in the automotive vertical.
This includes multiple large shipments for warehouse automation and material handling vehicles, autonomous shuttles, and ground and aerial mapping applications. To provide additional color, we plan to report quarterly bookings, which we defined as binding contract orders received from customers during the period. In the first quarter, we booked $33 million in business with new and existing customers. This represents a book-to-bill ratio of approximately 1.9 in the first quarter of 2023. As you may recall, we booked $70 million of business in fiscal 2022. This commercial traction is driven by increased demand for our REV7 sensors, which more than doubles our serviceable market by opening up new opportunities and increases our overall competitiveness. We shipped over 3,000 sensors in the first quarter, a 95% increase over the first quarter of 2022, inclusive of Velodyne product shipments after the merger.
We also shipped our new REV7 sensors to over 110 customers in the first quarter of 2023, up from 29 customers in the fourth quarter of 2022. We believe Ouster is in a strong position as we move through 2023 with the most performant family of sensors on the market, over 850 customers across over 50 countries, and a strong balance sheet with $257 million in cash equivalents, and short-term investments as of March 31st, 2023. Ouster saw lower gross margins in the first quarter of 2023, recording a negative 2% gross margin.
These lower gross margin levels incorporated certain non-recurring or unusual items, including excess and obsolete expenses and purchase commitment losses of $3.6 million associated with the consolidation of product lines and transitioning manufacturing from the REV6 to REV7 OS sensors. Ouster's non-GAAP gross margins were 25% in the first quarter of 2023. Given the extraordinary nature of integration-related activities, over the next few quarters, we plan to break out merger integration, product transition, and other non-recurring expenses in an effort to provide a clear delineation between non-recurring or unusual impacts and the fundamentals of the business to help baseline future operating performance.
Despite these near-term impacts, we were bolstered by increasing demand and higher ASPs for our REV7 sensors in the first quarter of 2023, leading to a quarter-on-quarter rebound in Ouster's ASPs from approximately $3,600 per sensor in the fourth quarter of 2022 to approximately $5,700 in the first quarter of 2023. The significant improvement in our ASPs over the prior quarter illustrate the value of our next generation sensor and the ability to demand a premium price in the market. On our goal to expand long-term gross margins, we made significant headway in our efforts to transition all Velodyne sensor lines to an outsourced manufacturer in Thailand.
We completed the full transition of the VLP sensor in the first quarter. We remain on track to transition the VLP-32 by the end of the second quarter of 2023 and the VLS-128 by the end of the year. This outsourced manufacturing strategy is critical to help us meet customer demand and reduce costs. The combination of our accelerated timeline to outsource the manufacturing of all Velodyne products, as well as the increasing demand for our high performance REV7 sensors, provide us with a roadmap for improved gross margins in the second half of 2023. Turning to our merger integration activities, we have taken significant steps to achieve the cost synergies necessary to build a business that aligns our cost structure with the lidar industry's estimated growth trajectory.
Exiting the first quarter, we reduced our annual run rate costs by over $50 million, baselined against the standalone cost structures of the two companies as of the third quarter of 2022. These implemented cost reductions primarily focus on duplicative R&D programs, general and administrative activities, and the creation of a joint operations team. Merger integration activities included an announced reduction in force that impacted approximately 190 employees as of the end of the first quarter and resulted in a one-time cash expense of approximately $10 million. We are now on track to exceed our previously announced cost synergies target of $75 million, increasing our estimate to between $80 million and $85 million in annualized cost savings exiting the fourth quarter of 2023. We expect these efforts to require up to an additional $3 million in one-time cash expenses.
Our success in realizing these cost savings gives us confidence that we can make further improvements to our cost structure. By our third quarter earnings call, once the key integration activities are completed, we expect to present a long-term business plan for the business, as well as greater detail on our combined company cost structure on a go-forward basis. We are working to position Ouster for long-term success and are taking the necessary steps to grow top-line revenues while also containing costs. We made significant progress in the first quarter and will continue to update the market on future activities as we work through the integration and develop our long-term plan. Turning to guidance. For the second quarter of 2023, Ouster is targeting between $18 million and $20 million in revenue, which will include sales of all combined company products for the entire period.
Similar to the first quarter, we expect the second quarter of 2023 to experience continued margin pressure due to the merger integration work, ongoing efforts to outsource manufacturing for Velodyne lidar sensors, as well as the manufacturing transition from the REV6 OS sensors. That said, as we continue to make progress on these activities, we do expect our GAAP gross margins and our non-GAAP gross margins to start to converge in the second half of the year. Ultimately, our financial results need to speak for themselves. We believe we have the right technology and diversified market approach, but must put in place a business model that is both resilient and competitive and puts us on a path towards profitability. We remain confident in our long-term outlook. With that, I would like to turn the call back over to Angus. Thanks, Mark.
Just about every automotive and industrial OEM, autonomy upstart, and transportation expert agrees that lidar is critical for the future of automation and smart technologies. Ouster has an incredible team, a diverse set of over 850 customers, and an exciting product roadmap that is solidifying our position as a long-term market leader. Our scale, first mover status, cash position, and especially our technology gives us significant competitive advantage in this maturing industry. With that, I'd like to open it for Q&A.
Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press star, then the one on your phone. If you are using the speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. To withdraw your question, please press star, then one. When called upon, please limit yourself to two questions. Our first question from today comes from the line of Kevin Cassidy from Rosenblatt. Please go ahead.
Thank you very much for taking my question, and congratulations on the great quarter. Nice looking outlook. Can you say in your June revenue guidance, how much of that is on backlog already? Are you going to give that much detail?
We appreciate the question. You know, we have not been giving backlog as a metric. The metrics I think that we're really excited about for this quarter is the strong bookings levels. You know, we hit $33 million in bookings, the highest level ever for Ouster. You know, the great thing about that bookings is that that included, you know, products from, you know, BOP-16, BOP-32, VLS-128, the OS series. It was a very, very well-balanced quarter and something that we're very, very happy with.
Okay. Understood. When you're talking about the second half of the year, the sampling of the DF, these samples, how many customers do you think you'd be sampling? You know, I'm very impressed that, you know, over 100 customers testing the REV7. When it, when it gets to automotive, you know, I guess how many are you willing to work with on this first sample?
Yeah. A great question, Kevin. First I'd like to highlight the REV7 customer base. You know, that's not really a sampling customer base at this point. The REV7 sensors drove the majority of our OS sensor revenue in the last quarter. These are production scale customers in many cases that have quickly adopted the benefits of the REV7 sensor. So, that's a mature dynamic across hundreds of customers. Well, 110 customers in Q1 alone.
The DF B-samples is a very different, you know, very different stage of development, but a super significant step forward for our automotive business, given that this is the first time that we're gonna be putting a mature, you know, real final form factor device with a rich performant point cloud that meets the spec of the customer need in their hands. These aren't prototypes anymore, and we'll be able to sample them to a large number of automakers. You know, there's upwards of 30 major OEMs and tier 1 partners, and we'll be able to sample to, you know, easily to every one of those that is interested in taking that sample. Again, we're in contact with a large number of the entire industry already.
We don't see any issue in supplying these customers, given this is pushing towards a quite a mature style of product at this point. It doesn't need a lot of handholding for a customer to start to assess this product.
Our next question comes from the line of Tristan Gerra from Baird. Please go ahead.
Hi, guys. Good afternoon. I have OpEx at around $170 million for this year. Is that in the ballpark of your expectation? At the same time, how should I look at this against your cash position in terms of when you need to raise cash, as this could be a good indication of the cash burn for this year and next year?
You know, our first priority right now is obviously completing the merger integration, which we're happy to say is ahead of schedule. You know, we have been able to realize $50 million in synergies, you know, versus our Q3 of as a combined company in the prior year. We're now forecasting between $80 million and $85 million of total synergies. You know, by the third quarter earnings call, we expect that the key integration activities will be completed, and we'll be able to present a long-term plan for the business. We are balancing both the short-term financial performance with the large long-term opportunity in the lidar industry, and we are continuing to invest in, you know, certain key development projects. You know, we have seen some great results from these.
As Angus mentioned before, the REV7 sensor has been a huge success for us and something that we're very happy with. You know, we, you know, we may need to finance, we may need to raise additional capital in the future depending on what those, you know, what our investment levels are and how fast we can grow our business, and making sure that we continue to invest in new opportunities. We are making sure that we utilize our cash, you know, as well as we can so that we can, you know, we can continue to operate our organization on a very efficient basis.
Okay, great. That's very useful. Then, for my second question, how should I look at the quarterly revenue run rate? I understand that you're not guiding beyond Q2. My question would be that if Velodyne revenue are declining, how much of a headwind could that be on your future quarters before you ramp your own design wins in more materially?
I mean, we feel really good about the combination of the two companies' product lines. you know, I talk a lot about Well, the immediate and long-term promise of Ouster's digital products, which I absolutely still stand behind. Velodyne did have a significant business and continues to have a significant business and a set of mature performant products that we're now transitioning to Fabrinet and building better margin structure around. we intend to continue to support those because they do perform in the market for certain customers extremely well. I'd highlight Motional as a great example of that.
The VLS-128 as an exclusive long-range lidar for Motional is exactly the kind of thing that the kind of positive outcome that we were expecting as a part of this combination of the company. We're feeling really good about the ongoing benefit and value that these Velodyne products are bringing to the table as we continue to invest in the long-term digital roadmap and see the benefits of that investment in things like the REV7 release.
Great. Thank you very much.
Our next question comes from the line of Brian Dobson from Chardan Capital Markets. Please go ahead.
Hi. Thanks very much for taking my question. As you look out through the industrial landscape, I guess what gives you confidence about potential increase in orders over the next two years? Are you seeing a broader or stronger pace of adoption among industrial clients?
Thanks for the question. There are a couple really positive notes around our industrial business. I think the first is. We highlighted that 60% of our orders in the last quarter came from industrial and robotics customers. That's through really concerted strategy that we put in place in halfway through last year. We see those customers as highly dependable, capable of developing this technology and deploying it at scale in production, and driving a good margin business with the right ASP structure for us long term. I'd highlight our bookings in the last quarter, $33 million in bookings in the last quarter, as a very strong indicator of where this business is going and the momentum we're building for the future.
That's on the, on the back of $70 million in bookings that we announced for 2022 at Ouster as a standalone company. We're seeing more and more visibility into the future as our bookings grow, and this book-to-bill ratio becomes a very strong metric for us.
Excellent. You know, when we met at CES earlier this year, you showcased some very impressive crosswalk technology. Are you seeing interest in that type of technology from cities or municipalities for their, call it, you know, pedestrian safety initiatives?
Absolutely. You know, what we were demonstrating there was the Gemini smart infrastructure software platform that is capable of triggering signals, whether they're cross lights, crosswalks or traffic lights. Now that's expanded into an even broader portfolio as we've merged with Velodyne and incorporated the Ouster BlueCity offering that is an expansion on that overall traffic system capability. There are a lot of tailwinds that are driving this business. Collectively, we have hundreds of deployments of this technology in North America alone, between Ouster BlueCity and Gemini. We've seen a fantastic customer response from the release of Gemini and Ouster BlueCity into the market. We have been named in the first round of SMART grants from the US infrastructure bill.
We are now nominated in six of those, initial SMART grants just to show that there are other tailwinds that are helping this business along. I have a lot of real expectation and excitement around this industry. It's one that I expect to grow into a very meaningful part of our business long term.
Excellent. Thank you very much.
Our next question comes from the line of Kevin Garrigan from WestPark Capital. Please go ahead.
Hey, good afternoon, guys, thanks for letting me ask a question. you know, on the, on the Gemini platform, can you just remind us of the revenue opportunity there and when, you know, revenue generation may really start to ramp?
Yeah. On the Gemini pro-program, we released the Gemini software platform in Q1 at CES. We're already seeing a significant number of deals where we are packaging Gemini alongside what would have been a traditional hardware sale for us. You know, what Gemini is really bringing to the table is now the complete solution that we can offer as a one-stop shop to a customer. There's really no other company in the smart infrastructure lidar space that can offer such a rich combination of best-in-class hardware and best-in-class software in one complete solution.
Historically, there have been lidar suppliers and there have been software integrators, and we've now combined those under one roof, and we've made something best in class from a product perspective, but also from a customer kind of, interaction perspective, just dealing with one entity. As Gemini becomes a more meaningful part of the overall business, my hope is that we start to break that out, and show the benefits it's bringing in terms of new business, improved margins and whatnot. And we'll do that when it becomes a meaningful part.
Okay. Got it. Thank you for that. On the macroeconomics, you know, front, you know, you've talked about, you know, macroeconomic pressures over the past couple quarters. You know, are you seeing kinda any improvements or, you know, any worsening during the quarter compared to, you know, last quarter or, you know, even 6 months ago? You know, how have negotiations been going so far, you know, with customers?
Well, I think that the Q1 results with revenue, ASPs rebounding and the record bookings of $33 million highlight for us, the business is growing in a very strong way, and it's difficult to parse out a macroeconomic headwind. We've been in this environment now for a year or more, and it's really baked into our results at this point, and into how our customers are developing their own technology. From my perspective now, you know, we are operating in the new normal, and we're expecting to see really strong results on an ongoing basis, despite whatever headwinds some of our customers may be seeing. I've highlighted before, again, the diversification across our industries is something that is so critical for Ouster's continued success.
We did see a downturn in some of our automotive customers. Robotaxi, robot trucking customers have been hit harder than others in this climate, but we've seen the surge in industrial and robotics customers now we've invested in our smart infrastructure vertical and see a lot of traction there. We're filling in the gaps in a way that I think other companies that haven't diversified, cannot.
Okay. Got it. That makes sense. Okay. Perfect. Thanks, guys.
Our next question comes from the line of Richard Shannon from Craig-Hallum Capital Group. Please go ahead.
Mark, on the last conference call, I asked you about a break-even model. Any chance you're gonna offer something today, or do we gotta wait a couple quarters?
I appreciate the question, Richard. You know, as we talked about before in the call, you know, our main focus right now is really just completing the integration activities. I can tell you that the path to profitability is probably the subject that we talk about the most at this organization and what we talk about every day in our meetings. You know, we've taken significant steps to put us on that path and start to put us on that path. We made a significant headcount reduction in February. You know, we've consolidated a lot of our, you know, general administrative and operations activities. We started the transfer of all of the Velodyne products over to Thailand and actually expedited those.
Those are some of the key steps that we've taken, you know, the elimination of duplicative R&D. You know, until we get through the, you know, I would say this next phase of the integration activities, it's probably a little bit too early to kind of walk through, you know, what the entire plan to profitability is going to look like.
Okay, fair enough. I'll ask you in a couple of quarters then, Mark. Thanks for that. Second question for me is on the strong bookings you had in the first quarter. Angus, when we talked about your REV7 sensor last quarter and sounded quite excited about that. Let me get a sense of how much of the bookings have been related to REV7. If you can't quantify, can you suggest when you might see a break even or like when we see more than half the bookings come from REV7-based products?
Well, I'm happy to say that actually in Q1, the majority of our bookings and revenue for OS sensor products came from REV7, just highlighting how ready customers were to adopt this premium capability and new performance from the lineup. Again, the issue here and with the general kind of lidar industry is not an issue with demand for great products. The issue is always about delivery of those great products at a positive margin to customers, and that's something that Ouster has proven time and again.
Now we've come through, you know, a Q4 where we hadn't shipped and gotten to full production with the REV7s into Q1, where we quickly ramped to over half of the overall OS sensor business being driven by these REV7s and the complete rebounding in our ASPs to go with it, again, driven by the premium capability, performance, and pricing that the REV7s are commanding. This is really positive for the business, and it's a reason why we know we should be continuing to invest into the digital roadmap because we see further opportunity to invest in REV8, REV9. You know, I mentioned the L4 chip on the call, and those we expect to open up new opportunities, new pricing, and new customer sets as we release those.
If I might extend this question, Angus, if you kind of look toward the end of the year, what kind of % of your bookings or revenues do you think will be REV7 based?
Well, if we're talking OS sensors, I expect it to be the vast majority of the sensors that we book will be REV7. In terms of the overall mix, that's something that I, you know, I'm not in a position to estimate at this point. We leave it up to the customer base to decide ultimately which sensor, whether it's a legacy Velodyne sensor or an OS sensor is the right one for them.
Okay. Fair enough. Last question from me, I'll jump on a line here on touching on gross margins. On a pro forma basis, you had a nice number here in the, in the first quarter. Wondering how we think of a trajectory going throughout this year? It seems like your mix might have been more closer to normal. I'm not sure if you're expecting a changing mix, and it sounds like you're making some progress on the manufacturing side. Should we expect, you know, improvements in gross margins throughout the rest of the year, or how would you have us think about that?
Yeah. You know, one of the biggest factors for the improvement, that we saw on the non-GAAP, obviously, gross margin side was the higher ASPs. You know, we're very excited about what the impact from the REV7 is going to be. As you mentioned, Richard, and I appreciate you bringing it up, is, you know, the move to, you know, contract manufacturers to a lower cost region for the manufacturing of the historical Velodyne products is something that will lead to additional expansion in our gross margins over time. You know, we had talked a little bit about on our last call that the first couple quarters, Q1 and Q2, you know, would have a little bit of integration-related activities.
You know, we're making great progress of getting through those, and we look forward to having some additional progress in the, you know, and showing that progress in the third and fourth quarter.
Okay. Fair enough. That's all from me, guys. Thank you.
Our next question comes from the line of Itay Michaeli from Citi. Please go ahead.
Great. Thank you. Hi, everybody. A couple questions. Just first, Angus, hoping you could talk more about the Motional win announced. You know, kind of what led to that win specifically, and whether you think this might open up new opportunities for you across other robotaxi players.
Yeah. Thanks for the question. You know, obviously Motional is a fantastic partner, a very sophisticated partner, that we're able to now start supplying the VLS-128 for. You know, it's been an engagement that to get to this point where we're the exclusive supplier for their production robotaxi platform is a really big step. Getting there is all about the product. Well, actually, it's about two things. It's the product and the company that's selling that product. I'm happy to say that, you know, Ouster today represents a very mature and reputable partner for a company like Motional. You know, we're a key supplier now to hundreds of companies that need this LiDAR technology, and Ouster is a great partner. That's one of the reasons we won.
Ultimately, the product capability has to speak for itself. The VLS-128 is a fantastic product.
Historically, it's been a fantastic product that was in need of a new manufacturing approach. You know, the thing we're doing internally is making sure that we can build these things, with a good positive margin, which we're doing. By doing that, we also open up the chance to sell this to more and more partners. Yes, I think the last part of your question, I do think this expands where we can start to offer this. We're investing in the VLS-128, and we wanna make sure that we can get it to as many interested parties as we can.
That's very helpful. Just a second question. Maybe to just go back and talk about just the broader competitive landscape today. Obviously a lot of competition, a lot of the macro environment is tough, and you've seen some consolidation. Is the competitive environment broadly today the same? Is it worse? Is it easier than maybe what it was a few or several months ago?
I think the competitive environment gets easier and easier as time goes on. There's a natural winnowing of the field that has to happen. There's too many lidar companies. Ouster has continued to distinguish itself as one that can ship product, that can retain customers, and that can generate positive gross margins. With the exception being in near-term merger activity. Yeah, I see this the field thinning over time and things the competitive landscape getting much clearer for us and also for investors and analysts.
Perfect. That's all very helpful. Thank you.
Our final question comes from the line of Andres Sheppard from Cantor Fitzgerald. Please go ahead.
Hey, good afternoon, everyone, and congratulations on a strong quarter. I know we touched on gross margins. I just wanted to maybe follow up with one of those questions. You know, how should we be thinking about those for the remaining of this year in terms of, you know, seasonality, in particular, I guess, in the second half of the year as that's where the, I think it'll comprise the largest amount of revenues. Any additional color you might be able to provide us there? Thank you.
Yes. Looking at our GAAP gross margins for the quarter, obviously those were impacted by some of the items that we listed in today's press release. On a non-GAAP basis, you know, we hit around 25%. You know, Ouster has historically been somewhere between 25% and 35% on any given quarter. Our goal is to continue to expand margins. You know, we've talked about some of the activities that we've done in terms of, you know, consolidation of the operations team, moving products over to a lower cost region. More importantly than anything else was really the release of the REV7 because it significantly increased our ASPs and allowed us to continue to sell our product at a very, you know, at a good margin.
You know, we expect that as we continue to sell more of our, you know, we'll call it our next generation sensor, we do expect that our gross margins can and should continue to expand over time. Obviously, in any given quarter, you know, there can be a, especially as we're going through the merger integration, you know, there can be a blip or a hiccup. You know, overall, I think that we feel very, very confident about, you know, kind of our long-term trajectory and the fact that Ouster has been one of the only companies in the industry that can deliver products at a, you know, at a positive and a good gross margin.
Got it. That's super helpful. you know, a lot of our questions have been asked already, but maybe just to clarify one last point. In terms of the cash balance with the $257 million, my understanding is that is sufficient to fund the business, I believe through the, at least the next couple of years. which if that's the case, then again, that will be a strong position relative to the industry. Do you mind just kind of confirming that or what is kind of the expected runway with the current cash balance? Thank you.
Yes. Yeah. We're, we're in a very strong cash position, as you mentioned, $257 million in cash as of the end of March. You know, we have taken some decisive actions to put us on, you know, this path to profitability, at least taking the early steps. You know, this included the $80 million-$85 million of synergies, our transfer of, you know, of our manufacturing of certain Velodyne products over to Thailand, the closing of certain facilities. We know that there more action is needed to stay on that path. You know, lidar is a fast-growing and a high-growth business, and we're gonna make sure that we're in a position to capitalize on this multi-billion dollar opportunity.
As such, you know, while we do not need any capital at this time, you know, we may need capital in the future and, you know, we are going to leave that option open because we see this as a huge opportunity and, you know, we're going to invest in new products. We're going to make investments in, capital equipment and inventory. As we do that, you know, we may have some, you know, we may need some additional cash. We do think that the $257 million is definitely enough capital at this point.
Understood. Very good. Thank you so much. I'll pass it on.
This does conclude our question and answer session. I'd like to turn the conference back over to Angus Pacala for any closing remarks.
Thanks. I wanna thank everyone for spending the time to get on the call and asking questions. With that, I'll sign off. Thank you all.
Ladies and gentlemen, the conference is now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect your lines at this time.