Welcome to the Rambus third quarter and fiscal year 2021 earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. At the conclusion of our prepared remarks, we will conduct question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question, you may press star one on your touchtone pad at any time. If anyone should require assistance during the conference, please press star zero on your touchtone pad at any time. As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Desmond Lynch, Vice President of Finance and Investor Relations. You may begin your conference.
Thank you, operator, and welcome to the Rambus third quarter 2021 results conference call. I am Desmond Lynch, VP of Finance and Investor Relations. On the call with me today is Luc Seraphin, our CEO, Rahul Mathur, our CFO, and Keith Jones, our Chief Accounting Officer. The press release for the results that we will be discussing today has been filed with the SEC on Form 8-K. A replay of this call will be available for the next week at 855-859-2056. You can hear the replay by dialing the toll-free number and then entering ID number 9537075 when you hear the prompt. In addition, we are simultaneously webcasting this call, and along with the audio, we are webcasting slides that we will reference during portions of today's call.
Even if you're joining us via conference call, you may want to access the webcast with the slide presentation. A replay of this call can be accessed on our website beginning today at 5:00 P.M. Pacific Time. Our discussions today will contain forward-looking statements, including our expectations regarding business opportunities, product and investment strategies, timing of expected product launches, demand for existing and newly acquired technologies, the growth opportunities of the various markets we serve, the expected benefits of our merger, acquisition, and divestiture activity, including the success of our integration efforts, the company's ability to deliver ongoing profitable growth, the company outlook and financial guidance for the fourth quarter of 2021 and related drivers, risks and the potential adverse impacts related to or arising from COVID-19, and the effects of ASC 606 on reported revenue, among other things.
These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that are discussed during this call and may be more fully described in the documents we filed with the SEC, including our 8-Ks, 10-Qs, and 10-Ks. These forward-looking statements may differ materially from our actual results, and we are under no obligation to update these statements. In an effort to provide greater clarity in the financials, we are using both GAAP and non-GAAP financial presentations in both our press release and on this call. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP financials to the most directly comparable GAAP measures has been included in our press release, in our slide presentation, and on our website at rambus.com on the Investor Relations page under Financial Releases.
We adopted ASC 606 in 2018 using the modified retrospective method, which did not restate prior periods, but rather ran the cumulative effect of the adoption through retained earnings as a beginning balance sheet adjustment. Any comparison between our results under ASC 606 and prior results under ASC 605 is not an accurate way to track the company's progress. We will continue to provide operational metrics such as license billings to give our investors better insight into our operational performance. The order of our call today will be as follows. Luc will start with an overview of the business. Rahul will discuss our financial results. Keith will discuss our guidance for future periods, and then we will end with Q&A. I will now turn the call over to Luc to provide an overview of the quarter. Luc?
Thank you, Des, and good afternoon, everyone. Q3 was another strong quarter for Rambus. We delivered revenue in line with expectations at $81.3 million, generated $46 million in cash from operations, and hit our targets for profitability. This performance was driven by great execution from the entire global team. Memory Interface Chips delivered record revenue of roughly $37 million, which is up 18% quarter-over-quarter and 23% year-over-year. There's high demand for server memory, and with that, we expect further growth and another record quarter in Q4. All of this growth and momentum are happening in the context of a very challenging supply chain environment across the entire semiconductor industry. As we mentioned last quarter, we're seeing the same shortages and cycle time challenges experienced by our peers.
We are proactively managing our supply chain and working closely with our partners to ensure our ability to satisfy the growing customer demand for our products and support the aggressive memory interface chip revenue targets we set at the beginning of the year. Despite these challenges, as I stated earlier, we delivered 18% quarter-over-quarter growth in Q3, and will continue to grow in Q4. In addition to the solid financial performance, we also achieved some very exciting product milestones. Our first generation DDR5 RCD is in production and shipping in volume to customers. In anticipation of the ever-rising needs of future data centers, we are also the first to sample a second generation DDR5 RCD. This is an important achievement as we raise the bar on performance and maintain our leadership position in DDR5 memory interface chips.
Turning to our CXL interconnect initiative, we're seeing high engagement across the entire ecosystem, including DRAM, OEM, and cloud players alike, and are getting great feedback on the needs of both the market and our customers for our future roadmap. We launched our industry-leading CXL 2.0 controller IP, including integrated security functionality that protects data with no performance overhead. This IP was developed by the team that recently joined from PLDA and will be a key ingredient for future data center architectures. This brings me to a broader progress across the Silicon IP business, where we are growing in size and scale with new products and design wins. We are leading the charge for critical technologies in our focus areas, including CXL, HBM, and Security IP.
Through our continued internal development efforts and the additions of Northwest Logic, the security IP team from Verimatrix, AnalogX, and PLDA, our total Silicon IP business is now on a run rate of over $100 million in bookings annually. In support of our company's performance, we are increasing our attention on environmental and social matters. We are focusing on opportunities to drive responsible, inclusive, and sustainable practices across our own operations as well as our supply chain. This has led to continued improvements in our ESG structure and disclosures. Overall, the team is executing very well. We brought in record product revenue and achieved industry-leading technology milestones across multiple businesses. We see a growing number of opportunities to address the critical challenges facing the industry and remain on the forefront of next-generation data-intensive architectures.
As we continue our journey as a leading product and technology company, I am very excited about what the Rambus team can accomplish. Before I turn the call over to Rahul, I would like to take a moment to thank him for his contributions over the past five years and wish him well in the next chapter of his career. As we announced last month, Rahul will be leaving Rambus to pursue an opportunity outside of the semiconductor industry. We have appointed Keith Jones, our current Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer, and Corporate Controller, as the interim CFO. Keith brings a wealth of experience and expertise, and I am confident he will help lead the team through a successful transition. With that, I turn the call over to Rahul and Keith to discuss the quarterly financial results. Rahul?
Thanks, Luc. I'd like to begin with a summary of financial results for the third quarter on slide five. Once again, we delivered a solid quarter with product revenues growing 19% and generated $46 million in cash from operations. We have consistently executed on our profitable growth over the past many years. This has enabled us to invest in strategic initiatives, return capital to investors, and improve cash from operations and free cash flow. We've built a strong foundation for our future growth. Let me walk you through our non-GAAP income statement on slide six. Revenues for the third quarter was $81.3 million, in line with expectations. Royalty revenue was $33.1 million, while licensing billings was $66.1 million.
The difference between licensing billings and royalty revenue primarily relates to timing, as we don't always recognize revenue in the same quarter we bill our customers. Licensing in the quarter included $1.7 million related to PLDA, which closed in the quarter. Including our product and Silicon IP business, we were delighted to report record billings for the company in Q3. Product revenue was $36.7 million, consisting primarily of our memory interface business. Memory interface chip revenue was at an all-time high for the company, despite the supply chain challenges seen in our industry, and we're delighted to see such strong demand from our customers. Contract and other revenue was $11.5 million, consisting primarily of the Silicon IP business. We were pleased to report another quarterly record for our Security IP business.
Total operating costs, including cost of goods sold for the quarter, came in at $62.8 million. Operating expenses at $48.2 million were in line with our expectations, as lower variable R&D expense was offset by higher expense associated with the acquisition of PLDA, which closed after we had provided guidance for the quarter. We expect to continue to grow investments in our product roadmap in the coming quarters to drive long-term growth. We ended the quarter with total headcount of 694 heads. This was over 100 heads higher than the previous quarter as we integrate the strong engineering talent from both AnalogX and PLDA. Under ASC 606, we recorded $2.2 million of interest income related to the financing component of fixed-fee licensing arrangements for which we have recognized revenue but not yet received payment.
We incurred $0.7 million of interest expense, primarily associated with our convertible note. This was offset by incremental interest income from our cash and investment portfolio. After adjusting for non-cash interest expense on the convertible note, this resulted in non-GAAP interest and other expense for the third quarter of $2 million. Excluding the financing interest income related to ASC 606, this would have been $0.2 million of interest and other expense. Using an assumed flat rate of 24% for non-GAAP pretax, non-GAAP net income for the quarter was $15.6 million. With continued focus on cost and disciplined execution, we again delivered profit that was above expectations. Now let me turn to the balance sheet details on slide seven . Our ability to generate cash has helped us both invest in growth drivers and consistently return capital to shareholders.
The end of quarter cash equivalents, and marketable securities totaled $419.7 million, down from the previous quarter as cash from operations of $46 million was offset by net payments for the acquisitions of AnalogX and PLDA of approximately $97.1 million. As we deliver on the top line and execute on operational efficiency, we expect to continue to deliver strong cash from operations in the future. At the end of Q3, we had contract assets worth $289.7 million, which reflects the net present value of unbilled AR related to licensing arrangements for which the company has no future performance obligations. We expect this number to continue to trend down as we bill and collect for these contracts.
It's important to note that this metric doesn't represent the entire value of our existing licensing agreements, as we have consistently renewed our royalty-based agreements in a manner that allows us to recognize revenue each quarter. Third quarter CapEx was $4.9 million, while depreciation was $5.4 million. We delivered $41.1 million of free cash flow in the quarter. Looking forward, we expect CapEx for the fourth quarter to be roughly $5 million. We continue to expect depreciation of roughly $21 million for the full year of 2021. Now let me hand the call over to Keith, who will go through our guidance for the fourth quarter.
Thanks, Rahul. Let me turn to our guidance for the fourth quarter on slide eight. As a reminder, the forward-looking guidance reflects our current best estimates at this time. Our actual results could differ materially from what I'm about to review. In addition to the financial outlook under ASC 606, we've also been providing information on licensing billings, which is an operational metric that reflects amounts invoiced to our licensing customers during the period, adjusted for certain differences. As we have reported historically, licensing billings closely correlates with what we had historically reported as royalty revenue under ASC 605. Under ASC 606, we expect revenue in the fourth quarter between $84 million and $90 million. We expect royalty revenue between $26 million and $32 million, and licensing billings between $62 million and $68 million.
As Luc mentioned, this outlook represents another record revenue for the Buffer Chip business and record billings for the total company. We continue to actively manage through the supply chain challenges in our industry. We expect Q4 non-GAAP total operating costs, which includes COGS, to be between $64 million and $68 million as we increase investment in our strategic initiatives and include a full quarter of the impact of PLDA expense. Under ASC 606, non-GAAP operating results for the fourth quarter is expected to be a profit of $16 million and $26 million. For non-GAAP interest and other income and expense, which excludes interest income related to ASC 606, we expect approximately $1 million of expense, which includes $600,000 of interest expense related to convertible notes due in 2023.
We expect the pro forma tax rate to remain consistent at roughly 24%, but 24% is higher than the statutory tax rate of 21%, primarily due to higher tax rates in our foreign jurisdictions. As a reminder, we pay roughly $20 million of cash taxes each year, driven primarily by licensing agreements with our partners in Korea. We expect non-GAAP taxes to be between an expense of $4million -$6 million in Q4. We expect Q4 share count to be roughly 115 million basic and diluted shares outstanding as we have completed the repurchase program we announced in the second quarter. Overall, we anticipate a non-GAAP profit per share range between $0.10-$0.16 for the quarter. Let me finish with a summary on slide nine. Over the past several years, we have made substantial progress strategically, operationally, and financially.
We have realigned our portfolio to address opportunities in the data center and to support long-term growth. Our product businesses are well positioned in the market, and we anticipate long-term growth in each segment. We continue to invest organically in products such as our acquisitions of AnalogX and PLDA, and we've returned value to our shareholders through share repurchases. Before I close for the continued teamwork, execution, and resilience during these uncertain times. Everyone, please stay safe and take care of yourself and your loved ones. I'll turn the call back to our operator to begin Q&A. Can we have our first question?
Thank you, Keith. Ladies and gentlemen, if you have a question, please press star one on your touchtone telephone. Your first question comes from Sidney Ho with Deutsche Bank. Your line's open.
Thank you for taking my questions. First of all, Rahul, thank you for the help over the years, and good luck with your next adventure. My first question is on the supply chain of your products because they can't get all the parts from other suppliers. Conversely, have you seen customers ordering more than they need because they worry about getting parts from you? What are the indications you are looking at?
Hey, hi, Sidney. This is Luc. Thanks for the question. On the supply chain, we do not see customers holding back purchases, because of the constraints they have with potentially other components. We don't see happening to us. With respect to people over-ordering, what we see in the current environment is that lead times are a bit longer. We're also in the middle of a transition between DDR4 and DDR5, so people make sure that they manage their ramp to DDR5 in the correct way. We don't see any, I would say, worrying behaviors from our customers. Our customers are managing the transition from DDR4 to DDR5, and we are supporting them through that transition.
Great. That's helpful. Maybe my follow-up question is on the like sequential basis and up only slightly year-over-year, given Q4 is typically seasonally stronger, plus you have the Silicon IP business going very nicely in the past few quarters, and you also have the acquisitions coming in. Can you talk about the dynamics a little bit here, for Q4? Thanks.
Sure, Sidney . What we see in our licensing billings, we have a little bit of a mix related to our Silicon IP business. Some of that ends up in the contract, another line item that you see, and then some amounts end up in the royalties and the license billings. In large part, it has to do with if there's any expenses that we have associated with those agreements that'll impact the reporting. In any event, you know, we really do see strong momentum in both businesses. If you take a look aggregate, you do see growth.
Okay. Thank you very much.
Thank you, Sidney.
Your next question comes from Mehdi Hosseini with.
Yeah. Excuse me. Thanks for taking my question. A couple of follow-ups. When I take your guide details, especially looking at, it seems to me that there is a little bit of upside to expectation given what you have guided to for calendar year 2021. Now, you also have the PLDA cost that is dialed into your cost. Still, your pro forma EPS is going up despite lack of. The question is, given the trend that I try to highlight, upside to your core business, that's enough to absorb incremental costs from the acquisition that will take a little bit of time to generate revenue. Is that the right way of think about the core business versus what you have acquired? I have a follow-up.
Thanks, Mehdi. The core business is really strong. You can see the guidance that we put forth for our chip business, and what you're seeing is just growth there as we really see demand for server memory. That is a really strong business. Our patent license billings and business is solid. It's pretty stable, and we don't see a lot of fluctuation as we are really doing a good job at renewals. Last but not least, you kinda mentioned the Silicon IP business, and that has been a great story, as Luc mentioned. That is. In the current quarter, in millions of dollars of revenue. Looking out to Q4, we're looking at a range of about $3 million-$4 million. In particular, we expect a similar amount of costs.
Overall, they'll be relatively break even in 2021. As we talked about before, we're looking at the revenues increasing for those acquisitions about $20 million in 2020 to contribute to the bottom line as well.
Got it. Clear. Thank you for details. Just looking at the trend with DDR5, how should I think about introduction of DDR5, all the mixed signals out there with the server builds and a new CPU? How do you see the DDR5 traction from your end and associated revenue contribution?
Hey. Hi, Mehdi. That's a great question. As we talked about almost a year ago, we do see the volume ramp of DDR5 happening this coming quarter, Q4. We had production orders, you know, shipping in Q3. We continue to see growth in Q4. This is a confirmation that DDR5 is starting to ramp in the market. As expected as well, we do see better pricing on DDR5, which is typically the case when the industry moves from generation to generation. Finally, what's really exciting for us is that when we look at our designing footprint on DDR5, it continues to be better than what we had in the successive generations of DDR4. As DDR5 ramp into the market, we expect to continue to grow our share.
You probably saw as well that we announced the introduction of a faster DDR5 chip at 5.6 GHz. We're continuing to charge the lead in terms of introducing the latest product to this market so that we can continue to grow share.
Your next question comes from Gary Mobley with Wells Fargo Securities. Your line's open.
Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my question. I guess I feel somewhat obligated to say some nice things about Rahul. I'm just kidding. No, it's been great working with you over the last five years, Rahul, and you will be missed. I want to ask about the outlook for memory product revenue in fiscal year 2022, maybe, you know, how the year may trend in terms of the key determinants of demand, the uniformity of the quarter. Perhaps prepping their supply chain in anticipation of shipping servers based on DDR5. Can you fill the demand, wafer supply you have lined up with.
As well, perhaps if there's any inventory related considerations and as well, perhaps some of the supply some of your competitors may be dealing with that are allowing you to take some market share. Thank you. I know it's a lot.
Hey, thanks, Gary. Yeah, that's a lot, but you know, all great questions. You know, I would start by saying that we continue to gain share in the DDR space. We were, you know, probably in 2020, we were in the high teens market share. You know, this year we'll be above 20% market share, so we continue to gain share. As we said earlier on the call, in the third quarter of this year, we grew 18% quarter-over-quarter and 22% year-over-year, which is a much higher growth than the market growth, which is still, you know, low single digits. We do continue to gain share in that market, and we have no concerns whatsoever about the demand.
Regarding the supply, we're facing what the whole industry is facing today in terms of supply. This is something we're working on with our suppliers and the support of our suppliers, I would say almost on a daily basis. We managed to work with our supply chain partners to get a record revenue in Q3. As we said, we will continue to grow in Q4. I think what we're facing, as we said in the earnings call, is lack of visibility. It's something that we plan week after week after week working with our partners, and it's difficult to have, you know, visibility. That being said, the fundamentals remain very strong. We expect to continue to grow share, as we move into 2022.
In May, you will see we will watch this transition between DDR4 and DDR5 as people ramp their products for DDR5. We see longer lead times, as we said earlier, as people want to make sure that they have the parts they need this ramp of DDR5. In terms of filling the demand, as I said, we're working with ours to work on the mix of our products as well, and so far it's been working for us. As I said, it's going to continue to be a daily fight. Maybe the second half of the year is gonna be even better.
Appreciate the color, Luc. Wanted to ask about the operating margin in the fourth quarter. I think overall your different guidance parameters might point to an adjusted operating margin somewhere in the mid- to upper-40%s. Regarding license billings for royalties or the other way around. I'm wondering if that's mid- to high-40% operating margin is sort of the new bogey, you know, as we think about 2022. Thank you.
That's a great question, Gary. The math you did is accurate. As we look into the 2022, one of the impacts that we do have is that our overall mix will change. We will have more product being part of a percentage of revenue, which has a 60%-65% margin on it, opposed to the licensing, which has a 100% margin. Overall, it could be that range. We do expect overall growth of the profitability as our revenue grows, where our profit margins overall should be relatively stable.
Appreciate that. Thanks, guys.
Thank you.
Your next question comes from John Pitzer with Credit Suisse. Your line's open.
Yeah. Good afternoon, guys. Congratulations on those solid results. Thanks for letting me ask this question. Luc, I'm kinda curious just and I apologize if you gave out a number, I didn't hear one. I know there's a lot of sort of indirect constraints on your business. Did you see any direct constraints on your product revenue business in the quarter, either on wafer or back-end test and packaging or logistics?
Depending on the week, we do see wafer constraints, we do see substrate constraints. What we do is we work with our partners on a weekly basis. We re-plan our shipments on a weekly basis, and that's how we manage, you know, our supply to our customers. We do see pockets of constraints across the supply chain that can potentially impact us directly. For the last, I would say couple of months or three months, we've been working on them, you know, in collaboration with our partners to minimize the impact on our customers and our growth.
That, that's helpful. Then at the midpoint of your guidance, the product revenue is gonna be up about 25% ± this year. I know that in the buffer business at the end of last year, you had some customer inventory that needed to get chewed through. When you think about the 25% growth this year, do you feel that that's keeping up with the market, that implies share gains? I guess more importantly, as you continue this transformation to more of a product revenue company, how should we think about the three to five year CAGR, kind of in the product revenue, especially with things like DDR5 on the cusp?
Sure. We do see continued growth and share gain. As we said earlier, it's mostly coming from the increased footprint of design wins from generation to generation. Even the last generation of DDR4 Ice Lake, we had a better footprint than in the previous generation, so that translated into share gain in DDR4. We were first to market to DDR5, and as I said earlier, we have volume production orders from all of our customers in DDR5. Based on the information we have, we are in the leading position in the first generation of DDR5. We're introducing as the first company introducing it, the next generation of DDR5 RCD.
Being first with high-quality products leads to a very good footprint in terms of design wins and qualification, and that leads into share gains. That is what's happening. Going forward to answer the second part of your question, we continue to see us gaining share. I think our DDR5 position is very strong. You know, once we go through you know the supply constraints that everyone has, this will translate into higher growth than what we are used to seeing in DDR4. Beyond that, we're also working on the development of companion chips that are going to add revenue onto the DDR5 modules and on the CXL based products that will hit the market towards the second half of 2023.
We have a rollout of products that will fuel the growth on the product side, and because we're starting to introduce those products to market, we gain share with those products. We see continued growth in the product space.
If I could sneak one quick one in here for Keith. Keith, you mentioned in the answer to the last question, product gross margin sort of in that 60%-65% range. Is that where they are today? How should we think about the DDR transition? Before you answer, I should have started this, but I wanted to also thank Rahul publicly for all the help over the years.
Sure, Gary. If we take a look at our gross margins, today, what we have and what we see is that for DDR5, it's a new product introduction, so those gross margins are a little bit higher. Conversely, on DDR4, given where it's at in its cycle, those margins are being a little bit compressed as we see a little bit of ASP pricing pressure, although our team is doing a great job from a manufacturing standpoint to reduce the standard cost. At the end of the day, on a net-net basis, you do see that blend at 60%-65% range for our gross margin on product.
Perfect. Thanks, guys. Appreciate it.
Thanks, John Pitzer.
Your next question comes from Kevin Cassidy with Rosenblatt Securities. Your line's open.
Thanks for letting me ask a question, and congratulations. Sorry, I didn't get to work with you much, Rahul. On the CXL, can you say what the adoption rate is? Do you have visibility into the next generation of server processors? Do you have an idea of what how much the adoption is of motherboards designing with that that are gonna use the CXL standard? Hi, Kevin. Great question. I think every generation of processors, whether it's Intel, AMD or others, will offer a CXL interface capability, as part of their processor interfaces. That's why we thought about CXL. There are several use cases for CXL.
One that is of special interest to us is memory expansion, as you know, whatever processor you use, you will need access to more memory. The first product of the suite of product that we're going to develop is going to be a CXL memory extender. That CXL memory extender, which will be compliant to CXL 2.0, is going to be able to be used by any processor platform being used in data centers.
Okay, great. You'd mentioned on the DDR5 modules that there's other components that you might be going after. Can you give us a maybe a high-level picture of what we'd expect the increase in your TAM would be per module?
Sure. First of all, on the timing of things, there are three companion products on the DDR5 module. You know, given our development schedule and qualification schedule, you know, they will hit the market probably in the second half of next year. That's where it's going to increase the potential revenue for us. I would say that we probably add, at this point in time, you know, 50% of content compared to the Buffer Chip itself onto the module. Again, we're monitoring that. We're introducing those products to the market now.
I think this is gonna be something that will be relevant to our revenue growth in the second half of next year.
Okay, great. Thank you.
Thank you, Kevin.
All right. At this time, there are no further questions. This concludes the question and answer session. I would now like to turn the conference back to Luc Seraphin.
Thank you. Well, thank you, Rahul, for all your help over the last few years. Thank you to everyone who have joined today, for your continued interest and time. We hope each of you stays safe and healthy, and we look forward to speaking with you again soon. Have a great day. Thank you.
Thank you. This now concludes today's conference. You may now disconnect.