Greetings, and welcome to the Sunrun Q3 2022 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A Q&A session will follow the formal presentation. If anyone should require operator assistance during the conference, please press Star zero on your telephone keypad. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to your host, Patrick Jobin, Senior Vice President, Finance and Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
Thank you, operator. Before we begin, please note that certain remarks we will make on this conference call constitute forward-looking statements. Although we believe these statements reflect our best judgment based on factors currently known to us, actual results may differ materially and adversely. Please refer to the company's filings with the SEC for a more inclusive discussion of risks and other factors that may cause our actual results to differ from projections made in any forward-looking statements. Please also note these statements are being made as of today, and we disclaim any obligation to update or revise them. On the call today are Mary Powell, Sunrun's CEO, and Danny Abajian, Sunrun's CFO. Edward Fenster, Sunrun's Co-Founder and Co-Executive Chair, is also on the call today and will be participating in the Q&A session that follows prepared remarks. Now let me turn it over to Mary.
Thank you, Patrick. Wow, what a quarter it has been. I've been looking forward to this call to update you all on what this team has accomplished. We have more than delivered what we said we would, significantly exceeding our guidance on net subscriber value, beating the midpoint of our volume guidance despite disruptions from hurricanes and achieving a scale of over $5 billion in Net Earning Assets. Sunrun is now serving 760,000 customers, plus nearly 10,000 households in our multifamily housing projects, which are poised to expand significantly under the Inflation Reduction Act, providing incredible socioeconomic and clean energy benefits. All of this while continuing to lead on innovation. For instance, just yesterday, we announced our latest partnership on leveraging our clean energy assets to build a more sustainable and resilient solution for Puerto Rico.
The macroeconomic environment presents tremendous opportunity for us as our clean energy as a subscription model allows customers to leverage and stack the latest innovative energy technologies to power their homes and cars while providing them an opportunity to save money. At the same time, the macroeconomic environment has provided an opportunity for us to demonstrate the power of quick, decisive action and stellar execution as we laser focus on profitable growth. In the quarter, we delivered strong results and continued to execute on making Sunrun even faster, better and stronger in all dimensions of the fundamentals. First, we are delivering record cost efficiency and expanding net subscriber value even as we invest in innovation and differentiation. We grew installation volumes in Sunrun's direct business sequentially at a growth rate three times the rate of headcount additions as installation crew efficiency increased by nearly 30%.
I am tremendously proud of what our team is doing in the field each and every day for our customers. We also maintained strong overhead cost discipline, with G&A expenses declining more than 6% compared to last year and reaching an all-time low of approximately $1,100 per new customer, a 20% improvement year-over-year, showing the benefits of our scale and disciplined approach to sustainable growth. We have been adapting to higher interest rates and strategically adjusting pricing as necessary while still providing a strong customer value proposition. This is against a backdrop of rapidly accelerating utility prices and a long-term trend of deteriorating reliability, particularly in California. As a result of our team's strong execution, we delivered significantly improved net subscriber value in Q3 of over $13,000, exceeding guidance, even when excluding the benefit from the passage of the Inflation Reduction Act.
We are guiding to continued increases in our margins for Q4. Second, we are driving strong, profitable growth. We grew new installations by 17% year-over-year, deploying 256 megawatts, exceeding the midpoint of our guidance. We achieved this despite devastating hurricanes in Puerto Rico and Florida that allowed many of our existing customers to power through safely, but impacted sales and installation activities for a number of weeks. Clearly, if not for the hurricanes, volumes would have hit the top end of the range. We are on track to deliver approximately 25% growth for the full year. Third, we continue to innovate and increase our differentiation. Just this week, the board of the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority approved a groundbreaking virtual power plant contract.
Sunrun has continued to lead in the deployment of virtual power plants, adding recurring sources of cash flow we can share with our customers, and most importantly, helping to increase the reliability and affordability of the entire electric system. This is another postcard from the future of the tremendous opportunity in front of us to embrace radical collaboration and to increase the efficiency and reliability of our energy systems around the country. This quarter was a powerful demonstration of the value of our existing networked solar and battery systems, providing more than 1 GWh of energy back to California's grid system cumulatively over eight days, helping to prevent rolling blackouts during the recent heat wave.
We also provided more than 350,000 hours of backup power to thousands of customers in Puerto Rico and Florida during grid outages following the hurricanes. We also were excited during Q3 to celebrate the unveiling of Lunar Energy, a clean energy technology company that Sunrun invested in to accelerate whole home electrification. Lunar's first product will be an integrated next generation combined battery inverter and software offering. We are excited by its launch in 2023. Our electric vehicle charger has also been very well received by our customers. We are benefiting from and helping enable the transition to electric vehicles by providing our customers the ability to run their vehicles on renewable, independently generated, affordable energy. Customers who drive electric vehicles need larger systems. These solar and battery and EV resources are incredibly valuable for homeowners and the energy system alike.
Our Ford partnership continues to deliver strong initial results. Approximately 1,000 orders for the Ford Charge Station Pro have been placed thus far, with thousands of additional initial conversations, and a high mix of customers want the additional bi-directional home backup capability. Installs are continuing to ramp. Shifting gears, let's talk about some policy updates. On the federal side, we were, of course, thrilled to see Congress take bold action to address climate change by passing the Inflation Reduction Act and effectively extending the investment tax credit for 10 years and reinstating it back to the 30% level. We were also very encouraged to see the focus on expanding solar to more low-income communities, multifamily properties, and to encourage the adoption of electric vehicles.
We believe Sunrun will be uniquely positioned as the leading national provider of solar and storage energy subscription offerings to expand our clean energy services and make it accessible to even more communities. As I mentioned in my opening comment, we also see tremendous opportunity in the legislation to build even greater socioeconomic impact through our work with multifamily housing. Today, I am proud that Sunrun already serves nearly 10,000 households in low-income multifamily housing, and we want to dramatically increase the impact we can make in these communities. On California's pending NEM proceeding, there isn't much to update beyond the chatter everyone is hearing that we may see a new proposed decision within a few weeks.
Californians have spoken loud and clear over the last year that they care passionately about their ability to generate, store, and use their own clean energy without being penalized for doing so. Further, repeatedly over the last year, we have seen the value these customers and their clean energy technology are providing to all other customers of the grid by sharing their energy back with the grid during some of the highest price periods and when the grid was literally at a potential point of failure. Therefore, we remain steadfast in our hope that the commission's forthcoming revised proposal will not just continue to support this consumer-led revolution, but in fact, will accelerate it. With more radical collaboration between distributed energy resources and utilities, we can demonstrate a more durable, resilient, cost-effective, and clean energy grid for all.
Keeping solar accessible to all communities in California is imperative for the state to achieve its clean energy goals. Accelerating distributed solar and storage is also critical for California's economy and for grid reliability. For all of these reasons, we do remain hopeful of a reasonable structure so that the entire grid can benefit from advances in technology and customer-generated, stored, and shared energy. On trade, we continue to navigate the dynamic environment. The current bureaucratic process from the U.S. Customs and Border Protection continues to cause delays in the timely release of modules currently sitting at the ports for us and many in the industry following the implementation of the WRO and subsequent UFLPA regulations. We continue to source high-quality modules and are maintaining adequate supply for current needs, although we would like faster action to reduce import delays.
We support UFLPA enforcement that prevents labor content from entering the United States while also facilitating legitimate trade with unnecessary delays so that industry can deploy clean energy, meet consumer demand, and help the United States achieve its climate goals. There is no time to waste. In conclusion, Sunrun has the right strategy and the right team in place to navigate these uncertain times. Our value proposition continues to increase as utility rates escalate rapidly and consumers demand affordable, clean, and predictably priced energy. Whether continued interest rate increases or a recession, Sunrun's opportunity to deliver value to our customers and our financial partners remains incredibly strong.
As always, before turning it over to Danny, I want to express my appreciation for the team I work with every day and all the Sunrun employees working so hard to create a company that is faster, better, and stronger for our customers and communities, setting the highest standards for ourselves, putting people front and center, analyzing mistakes, even when winning, and crushing it on the fundamentals of sustainable, profitable growth, customer obsession, and innovation. Never has our cause felt more urgent. I so appreciate the Sunrunners and customers who are so key to all that we can achieve together. Over to you, Danny.
Thank you, Mary. Today, I will cover our operating and financial performance in the quarter, along with an update on our capital markets activities and outlook. Turning first to results for the quarter. In the quarter, customer additions were approximately 35,800, including approximately 25,500 subscriber additions. Our subscriber additions were 71% of our total customer additions in the period, hovering around prior levels during the year. Our recent sales activities and the benefits from the tax credit adders in the Inflation Reduction Act, which are only available to the solar subscription model, indicate the mix of customer additions is likely to shift towards subscribers more significantly in the quarters ahead. Solar energy capacity installed was approximately 256 MW in the Q3 of 2022, a 17% increase from the same quarter last year.
Our Q3 installations exceeded the midpoint of our guidance range. Excluding installation downtime owing to Hurricane Fiona and Hurricane Ian late in Q3, we would've been close to the high end of our guidance range. We saw strong customer demand for our products and services in Q3. While we are still adding customers to our pipeline, the increased pace of installations is allowing us to gradually work down our pipeline, which is slightly over one quarter at the end of Q3, down slightly from the prior quarter. We aim to manage sales and installation activities to maintain a pipeline that optimizes our resource planning and customer experience. We now have installed over 47,000 solar and battery systems. We expect that as we introduce additional battery suppliers and work through our pipeline, battery installations will grow rapidly in the quarters ahead and attachment rates will increase meaningfully.
However, current battery supply conditions and longer install cycle times have resulted in lower battery attachment expectations in the near future. Today, we are prioritizing allocation of batteries in key markets where they are needed the most for grid reliability concerns. We ended Q3 with approximately 760,000 customers and 640,000 subscribers, representing 5.4 gigawatts of network solar energy capacity, an increase of 21% compared to the prior year. Our subscribers generate significant recurring revenue with most under 20- or 25-year contracts for the clean energy we provide. At the end of Q3, our annual recurring revenue, or ARR, stood at $969 million with an average contract life remaining of over 17 years.
In Q3, subscriber value was approximately $43,400, and creation cost was approximately $30,200, delivering a net subscriber value of nearly $13,300 compared to our prior guidance of over $10,000. Total value generated, which is the net subscriber value multiplied by the number of subscriber additions in the period, was $338 million in the quarter. The significant adjustments we made to pricing over the last six months are driving the majority of our margin expansion from prior quarters. In addition, this quarter, our subscriber value reflects the benefit of a 30% tax credit as opposed to 26% provided by the passage of the Inflation Reduction Act. Excluding this extra tax credit value, net subscriber value still significantly exceeded our prior guidance of over $10,000.
Systems placed in service in Q1 and Q2 also benefited from the retroactive increase to the tax credit to January 1, 2022, but we opted not to recast prior quarters net subscriber values nor to reflect this benefit in our Q3 results. The magnitude of net subscriber value increase from Q2 to Q3 is significant. If you look at this on an unlevered IRR basis instead of NPV, the increase equates to an improvement in unlevered IRR of over 200 basis points. We remain vigilant in optimizing overall sales activities and adjusting our pricing and product mix to deliver profitable growth through a rising interest rate environment. These moves are already producing positive results, which you can see in Q3. We will continue to evaluate our customer offering based on incumbent utility rate changes, inflation, and the interest rate environment.
Turning now to Gross Earning Assets and Net Earning Assets and our balance sheet. Gross Earning Assets were $11.5 billion at the end of the Q3. Gross Earning Assets is the measure of cash flows we expect to receive from customers over time, net of operating and maintenance costs, distributions to tax equity partners in partnership flip structures, and distributions to project equity financing partners discounted at a 5% unlevered capital cost. Net Earning Assets were nearly $5.1 billion at the end of the Q3, an increase of $465 million or over 10% from the prior quarter. Net Earning Assets is Gross Earning Assets plus cash, less all debt.
Although we did not recast prior net subscriber values as previously mentioned, Net Earning Assets benefited from the retroactive tax credit increase by approximately $40 million in Q3, with more expected in upcoming periods. Even excluding this benefit, we saw strong growth in Net Earning Assets driven by our net subscriber value improvement. We ended the quarter with $956 million in total cash, an increase of $93 million from the prior quarter. We continue to maintain a robust project finance runway. As of today, closed transactions and executed term sheets provide us with expected tax equity capacity to fund at a 30% tax credit over 340 megawatts of projects for subscribers beyond what was deployed through the Q3.
Sunrun also had over $700 million in unused commitments in its $1.8 billion non-recourse senior revolving warehouse loan available at the end of the quarter to fund nearly 300 megawatts of projects for subscribers. This strong capital runway allows us to be selective in timing our capital markets activity. Turning now to our outlook. Demand for our product offering remains resilient as we provide customers with affordable, clean, and reliable energy. We are prioritizing strong unit margins by optimizing our sales mix and increasing pricing even while we deliver robust growth.
We now expect growth in solar energy capacity installed to be approximately 25% for the full year. We expect net subscriber value to increase sequentially in Q4 and total value generated to be greater than $1 billion for the Full Year 2022, an increase from our prior guidance of greater than $900 million. We will provide views on 2023 on our Q4 earnings call after we finalize our annual operating plan. At this point, our focus is on delivering profitable growth, efficient operations, and strong unit margins while navigating a rising interest rate environment. Put simply, with inflation and increasing interest rates and pending regulatory resolution in California, a focus on a disciplined strategy is paramount. Our discipline has served Sunrun well for the last 15 years, and we believe will serve the company and our stakeholders well in the current economic paradigm.
Turning briefly to our capital markets activities and outlook. While the pace of interest rate increases has been unprecedented in recent history, we have anticipated the resulting higher financing costs and raised prices against rapidly increasing utility rates. We remain in a strong position to respond to further volatility in interest rates as inflationary effects continue to attract customers to our product, one that improves the financial health of households by lowering electricity costs and providing long-term price certainty. We currently observe our capital costs in the mid-6% to mid-7% area. Consistent with this cost of capital range, we now expect advance rates on our newly deployed portfolios to be between 75% and 85% of contracted subscriber values, which are discounted at a 5% rate.
This advance rate range is a decline from our previously indicated ranges of 85%-95% last quarter and 95%-100% at the start of the year. As a reminder, the numerator in advance rate includes proceeds received net of fees from all sources, including tax equity and project-level non-recourse debt. As you may recall, several years ago, we used to report Subscriber Value and Gross Earning Assets figures using a 6% discount rate and updated it to 5% when we saw capital costs fall below 4%. We generally prefer not to update the discount rate frequently to enable ease of comparison across quarters. Instead, we provide advance rate ranges that reflect current interest rates, which allows investors to gauge the obtainable net cash unit margins on our deployments.
If capital costs remain elevated heading into 2023, we may adjust the discount rate assumption in our metrics and update our advance rate range accordingly. As we've shared before, we regularly enter into interest rate swaps to hedge capital costs on our newly installed customers. We are principally exposed to interest rate fluctuations between customer origination through shortly after installation. Upon installation, our systems are financed with project-level non-recourse debt financing. Nearly all of this financing is insulated from near-term interest rate fluctuations, as our debt is either fixed coupon long-dated securities or floating rate debt that has been hedged with interest rate swaps. We ended Q3 with over 90% of our project-level debt with effectively fixed interest rates, with $2.6 billion in fixed rate securitization debt and $3.1 billion of floating rate commercial bank debt benefiting from long-term fixed rate swaps.
Our playbook for navigating difficult and rapidly changing capital markets conditions is one I passionately developed leading our project finance efforts for over a decade prior to assuming the CFO role. The longstanding relationships we have cultivated with many capital providers in multiple markets, our reputation as a high-quality sponsor, and the consistently strong payment performance trends of our customers through multiple economic cycles makes me confident we will continue to deliver the capital necessary to fuel growth both in expansionary and recessionary times. With that, let me turn it back to Mary.
Thanks, Danny. I could not be more confident in the strength of the Sunrun team to execute on our mission and adapt to the changes around us. We have an enormous opportunity ahead of us to become the trusted, beloved provider of clean, affordable, and reliable energy across America, and we'll continue to focus all efforts on operating efficiently and growing profitably while building for massive scale to lead the market forward. Before we open the line for questions, I want to again express my deep and sincere appreciation for the big-hearted, ambitious team of employees at Sunrun, the customers we are blessed to serve, and the many partners who work with us every single day to deliver on our mission. With that, operator, let's open the line for questions.
Thank you. At this time, we will be conducting our Q&A session. If you would like to ask a question, please press Star one on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press Star two if you would like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the Star keys. One moment please while we poll for questions. We request you to please restrict to one question and one follow-up. We have a first question from the lineup, Brian Lee with Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.
Hey, everyone. Good afternoon. Thanks for taking the questions. Kudos on the solid execution on the quarter here.
Thanks.
Hey, Brian. Thank you.
Hey.
Hey. Two questions, kind of interrelated. I guess first off, you mentioned several times throughout the discussion about the ITC bonus adders. I know, you know, the ink is almost not even dry yet, but can you kind of walk us through the upside scenarios and sort of maybe how your discussions with your tax equity partners are evolving now in this new landscape? Maybe.
You know, how the economics actually show up for you, whether it's higher subscriber value, is it just more customer growth with the increased tax equity capacity? Just trying to understand the puts and takes as you take advantage of, you know, potentially 20 or 30 percentage points more of ITC.
Yep.
Yeah.
I guess Ed will start and I'll layer on.
Okay. Sure, Brian. I think, you know, absolutely we expect to raise tax equity financing against the adders. As you're aware, there are a few buckets of adders for customers in certain low-income census tracts, for systems that benefit significantly from American-made equipment, and from systems deployed in what are considered energy communities, which is a definition that relates to the percentage of people in a place that, you know, work for energy industry companies and/or related unemployment metrics. The regulations have not yet been written on exactly how all that is going to qualify, and so we're reticent to provide estimates for, you know, the exact sort of average investment tax credit percentage that we will achieve other than we are, you know, expecting that it can be significantly increased above 30%.
It would manifest in the reported financials as an increase in subscriberv alue through a greater upfront tax equity contribution.
Okay. Great. That's super helpful. I guess just related to that, I know maybe you don't want to give the exact number, but if I back out the price increases you were articulating over the past couple quarters, it seems like the ITC 30% adjustment added, you know, maybe $1,500 or so to the reported subscriber value this quarter. It would've been maybe $11,000-$12,000, still well ahead of guide. Is that the right way to think about it? You know, Ed, you already sort of answered this, but once you have clarity on the ITC adders, is it just going to be sort of a fluid assumption each quarter on that ITC portion of subscriber value?
Are you going to try to fix it at some sort of average level that you're targeting? Just trying to understand how much more upside you get from that potential adjustment. Thanks.
Yeah. On the first part of the question, I'll take that. The ITC adders add about greater than $1,000 per customer. I think you're probably doing the right math there in thinking through it. Just the extra 4% benefit, just as a reminder to folks who might not be as familiar, is calculated on fair market value, which is meaningfully less than contracted subscriber value for folks trying to do that math, that similar math.
Oh, I'm sorry. On the sec-
Great.
Yeah, sure. On the second part of the question, I can take that. You know, I think we need to understand, you know, first what the qualification, you know, the exact qualification criteria are. Then I think, you know, once we're active, you know, selling in the marketplace and have some experience with it, you know, we'll be able to update folks with a view of how it's trending and where it might go. I think that's preliminary. You know, I think it's, that's still probably a couple quarters in the future, before we'll be at the place where, one, we know what the rules are, and two, we've established a track record that we can, you know, easily forecast against and share with folks.
Again, it is our expectation that, you know, between those several adders, you know, we could move the tax credit significantly above 30%. You know, some of the adders are, you know, easier to operationalize quickly. You know, maybe the energy communities or the, you know, low-income communities as an example. You know, some may be a slow build over time. For instance, the use of American-made equipment, you know, it is our expectation that between the ITC adder for American-made equipment and some of the direct manufacturing subsidy in the IRA, we will see an increase in American-built products. Obviously, that also does not happen overnight, but over a 10-year period, you know, could be very significant.
All right. Thanks for all the color.
Thank you. We have next question from the line of Julien Dumoulin-Smith with Bank of America. Please go ahead.
Hey, good afternoon. Thanks for taking the time. Appreciate it. So, just running with Brian's thought process here a little bit further, how does that 13,000 evolve, right? Basically, how do you think about that, not just in the next quarter where you have a lot of visibility, but really going into next year, you know, you've got pricing, you've got this ITC, you got RECs as a mix. Just talk about that a little bit further. Then ultimately, related, I'll just throw in at the same time, how do you think about providing some more explicit cash guidance? Good liquidity updates today, but just more explicit cash conversation and conversion.
Great. Yeah. On the first part of that, the greater than 13,000, again, we've said increased sequentially over Q4. We haven't obviously on this call guided to 2023, and you know, including the component of adders we just went through, a little bit premature to talk specific numbers to how it will trend into Q1, but again, increasing sequentially into Q3. There will be obviously the 30% level carrying into Q4, and primarily the rest is driven by pricing increases we have already made that have yet to make its way into realization on install. So that's kind of the picture for the balance of the year. Remind me, your second question was on cash.
Well-
Yeah.
Yeah.
On cash generation, I think you know we remain you know we continue to obviously we're guiding to improving subscriber margins. You know, we've provided the advance rate guidance. I think those two taken together give a good picture on kind of cash unit margins. Overall cash guidance into next year, again you know we'll continue to play out the year, see some of the you know supply chain and policy noise resolve. You know, I think we'll have you know more picture of that going into next year.
Yeah. The only thing I would layer on top.
The no-
Actually, nice to hear from you.
Yeah, go for it.
It's Mary. The only thing I would layer on top is like, as you can see and what we've been talking about is Sunrun getting faster, better, stronger, and focused on crushing it on the fundamentals. You know, absolutely, as we think about the next quarter, the next year, you know, that, you know, that is going to continue to be our focus. As usual, we'll talk more about 2023 on our next call.
Got it. No cash guidance per se, or just explicit information about future cash needs right now?
No.
Okay. All right. Fair enough. We'll leave it there. Thank you, guys.
Thank you. We have next question from the line of Andrew Percoco with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.
Great. Thank you so much for the time. Just to follow up on the two prior questions, a little bit on pricing power. So obviously you're benefiting from some of these prior pricing actions that you've taken in the third and Q4. Can you provide a pretty helpful slide in your investor presentation just showing kind of where you guys price versus some of the incoming utilities? Can you just provide an update on where that stands today after these pricing changes, and how much headroom is left if you continue to see interest rates rise or panel input costs rise as well?
Yeah, great question. I mean, again, you know, we provide our customers now a significant range of savings. To your directly to your question, you know, we're providing savings now. We continue to see utility rates rising. We continue to see pressure on, you know, energy costs. We continue to believe we provide a really strong value proposition and continue to always look strategically at where we can make changes. You know, the other thing I would just make sure to make a point on is, you know, we have to keep in mind that the customer value proposition is multifaceted. I mean, we are selling peace of mind. We are selling long-term price certainty, and that is really valued. We also are selling the ability to power through outages.
This is all against the long-term trajectory of utility rates, which are continuing to rise. Also are in so many states we sell in, not just are utility rates continuing to rise, but there is so much fear that has been embedded in customers because they also feel like they don't know what's coming next, what the next increase is going to be, or in some states, frankly, if they're going to have reliable power. We think all of that, you know, continues to give us room to navigate as needed.
Understood. That's very helpful. One more on just panel availability. Where do you guys stand today in terms of panel availability? If this, you know, these UFLPA issues aren't resolved in the coming weeks and months, could it be a headwind to 2023 growth despite the strong kind of tailwinds on the fundamental side from the customer demand standpoint?
Yeah. On the last call, we said we had dipped below. If I track through the history, it was greater than 100 days. We had said on the last call, less than 100 days. The number today is around 60 days of supply. Just to frame that up, that compares to a normal target of, you know, around 75 days. We are close to our target. We continue to see equipment come in on the module side. We don't have concerns with addressing the demand. You know, looking forward, like, planned our procurement, you know, sourced from multiple geographies, and planned our procurement in line with the volume we expect to see deliver through the business.
Great. Thanks so much. We'll leave it there.
Thank you. We have next question from the line of Colin Rusch with Oppenheimer. Please go ahead.
Thank you so much. Guys, can you talk a little bit about the strategy around the virtual power plant? Obviously, there's an awful lot of value that you guys are providing in certain geographies. You know, can you talk about strategy for expanding that offering and how you price that?
Yeah, thanks for the question. We are so excited, and I know as you saw and we highlighted, we just announced our contract in Puerto Rico, which again, we're just thrilled about because it's just so important from a, you know, grid reliability and stability perspective for residents of Puerto Rico. It also is yet another, as I said postcard from the future of what is possible, you know, candidly all over the United States of America. We're really pleased to continue leading in the context of this kind of innovation and leveraging our energy assets, particularly the combination of clean stored energy assets around the country to provide significant value.
You know, from being consistent with our overall comments that we've always talked about relative to grid services, you know, we've always seen that it can add, you know, close to $2,000 per subscriber of net present value over the life of the asset. You know, so again, it's really valuable because it provides real value to the customers who are participating in the programs. You know, it also then provides value to Sunrun in the context of aggregating and leveraging those assets from a grid perspective. Again, you know, we've had so many examples of that, you know, and also just in this quarter as well, we also announced the ISO New England program.
You know, I would say no greater example of the value here to the grid than what we just went through in California in the context of the heat wave when there were absolutely record prices. Our customers were providing energy back to the grid and saving every other customer that is a grid customer, money because of the value provided. Again, yes, it's an area I've talked a lot about. I have a lot of passion about it. Radical collaboration. Let's get to a better improved grid for all. We expect that to continue to accelerate in the coming years.
Thanks so much. With the IRA pass and all the different elements that you can stack up here and the movement on electricity prices, can you talk a little bit about where you're at in terms of potentially adding incremental geographies and how you go about deciding where to expand into?
Yeah. You know, we continuously evaluate our go-to-market strategy. You know, from a geographic standpoint, you know, we've first and foremost looked at the opportunity where we're already operating and the overlap between what we preliminarily believe to be the geographies or the census tracts that might qualify for the adder. Definitely have a early leg up there in terms of go-to-market, taking advantage of you know, the opportunity to serve those communities where we already operate. You know, we constantly monitor you know, markets for potential entry.
You know, I'd say the factors we look for are obviously, you know, geographic, resource, local subsidy, utility power prices, in those areas, so we could deliver a compelling value proposition. As far as the IRA and its impacts to potential changes in geography or opening up more geographies, we'll probably talk about that more as the guidance becomes more clear.
Okay. Thanks so much, guys.
Thank you. We have next question from the line of James West with Evercore ISI. Please go ahead.
Hey, good afternoon, everyone.
Hey.
Curious, you know, Mary, you talked about the supply chain for batteries still being a bit challenged and attachment rates not being where you would expect them to be as the supply chain, you know, kind of comes into more of a balanced situation. I'm curious, new customers as you're acquiring them and they're not attaching batteries because they don't have them, are they doing the work for batteries later? Is there opportunity to go back? How is that process playing out? Are they just saying, "Just give me solar, I want solar. We'll do batteries some other time"?
Yeah, great question. So again, you know, it also really hearkens to why we're so excited about Lunar and our investment there, which definitely is looking more strategic every single day. So we're really excited about having that next generation, you know, storage inverter software solution, that'll also help us unlock that customer demand. So yes, we've viewed that we could be at an attachment rate that is obviously significantly higher than we are if and when we get to having a lot more supply. That said, you know, the desire for solar energy, you know, is again still very compelling for so many customers. In many cases, we absolutely do keep track.
If a customer says, "Hey, I really want to have storage later," we obviously maintain that relationship so that we can provide it when it becomes available. Yes, as it becomes available, we expect to see a very significant uptick in our attachment rate. Then, yes, over time, it provides the opportunity to go back and add it on to existing customers.
Okay. That makes perfect sense then. Secondarily for me, I know California signed a new law requiring, you know, online automated permitting platforms, similar to the SolarAPP+ that you guys have worked with for years. Are there movements like that afoot in other states at this point?
Well, I think, you know, really speaking to SolarAPP+, I know Secretary Granholm at DOE has been a real proponent of the SolarAPP+ and has been.
Sure
you know, initiating conversations about it all over the country. Yes, we were encouraged by California passing that legislation. Yes, we're seeing, you know, those kinds of changes provide nice incremental improvements in the process, you know, to again help bring down the timeline and the cost and the time from the customer signing to the time of installation. We saw that as positive movement in that direction, and again, are really also very pleased and supportive of the efforts at the national level to also agitate around greater adoption of the SolarAPP+.
Got it. Thanks, Mary.
Sure thing.
Thank you. We have next question from the line of Mark Strouse with JP Morgan. Please go ahead.
Yes, good afternoon. Thanks for taking our questions. I might be splitting hairs here a bit, but just want to make sure I'm not missing anything. With the volume growth for the year, approximately 25%, I believe on the last call you were saying 25% or greater. Is that just a function of the hurricane, or are you signaling something else there?
Yeah. I think I would say, you know, generally we provide guidance we're comfortable with, you know, particularly in this climate. Looking at the recent hurricanes that implied there in the remark is a few megawatts of impact in the quarter. Looking out at the balance of the year, you know, it's a Q4, right? Weather can be more volatile in the quarter. Just kind of taking into account normal seasonal effects, you know, I don't think there's a demand implication in there.
Yeah. Again, just to hit that point, again, these weren't like your average hurricanes because of course, we always do anticipate some weather impacts in the context of our work and our planning. You know, the level of devastation, as I think you all know, in Florida, I mean, again, this was an event that really sort of took our folks out of any activities for about a few weeks in both jurisdictions, with a lot of growth in particular happening in Puerto Rico.
Of course. Yeah, that makes sense. And then just given your scale, your operational history, I think you can probably speak to this better than your peers. Just any comment that you can talk about with your trends in defaults and delinquency rates. And then Danny, I mean, as you're talking to your capital providers, is that something that is. Do you think that you're getting credit for improvement in those trends or stabilization of those trends, or do you think that there's room to go there? Thank you.
Yeah, I think generally, you know, from a total macro picture, I think there's plenty of room to go there. It's an asset class that has been around for the last 15 years. We offer a product that goes out as much as 25 years. So we'll continue to season into that 25-year period, and we'll continue. Our expectation is that we'll continue to generate good performance data at the project level. As far as looking at the most recent trends, you know, we're not seeing anything out of the ordinary as far as default rate trends go. You know, nice and boring there from a credit underwriting perspective in the capital markets.
I think we'll continue to participate with increasing deal size in the capital markets, which will kind of deepen relationships, bring more people into the space over time, as we continue frequent access into the market. I think generally, we view that trending positively over a long period of time.
Great. Thank you.
Thank you. We have next question from the line of Maheep Mandloi with Credit Suisse. Please go ahead.
Hey, thanks for taking the question. First just wanted to catch up on slide 13, where you kind of like broke down the advance rates. Just doing the math, it seems like they're still the advances are way above the creation cost. So just wanted to understand how should we think about that next year, if say rates increase a little bit over here. It probably goes back to the previous questions on cash links, but yeah, just trying to tackle it from a different point of view here. Thanks.
Yeah, I had a little bit of trouble hearing you, so let me take a shot at the question, and if I don't answer it as you asked, you know, feel free to jump in. Yeah, advance rates, we did take that down from the prior range of, you know, down to a new range of 75-85 that is consistent with the 6.5%-7.5% range for cost of capital, which we see in the current interest rate environment, which reflects longer- term borrowing costs, which have already taken a view on in this rate hike cycle, kind of where the Fed is going to end up on very short-term borrowing costs.
We look at kind of, you know, the 7-10 year longer-term borrowing costs, and again, the advance rate guidance we provided fully reflects that, obviously within a range. You know, we do see a little bit of, you know, price difference between the markets we access, being the commercial bank market and the ABS market. We kind of have had, you know, developed pretty deep access to both markets, and navigate the interest rate environment from a credit spread perspective and capital availability perspective. Like overall, have a good tone of the liquidity in each market, and are kind of crafting the most advantageous solution based on where markets are at point in time.
Now as far as outlook for next year, we look at that every day, and as we've said, we've become very dynamic on looking at interest rates day by day, week by week, looking at utility inflation and adjusting the business, and the unit margins, to continue to deliver strongly through different rate environments.
Yeah, this is Ed. I just might mention, you know, a week ago, we did look at the sort of, you know, future interest rates market and the way it's pricing. The market anticipates there being, you know, less than a 20% chance of long-term rates increasing more than 100 basis points. You know, against that backdrop, we feel good about the advance rate, you know, estimates that we have provided in this deck.
Got it. The advance rate, like if I looked at the proceeds, that's way above the creation cost, and that's probably kind of contributing to the higher cash generation guidance for the full year. Just to understand for next year, as you get higher tax credits, would you assume that the advances would be way above the creation cost even for next year?
Yeah. With the average tax credit going up, the advance rate should go up, as should the subscriber value reflecting the higher tax credit value.
Gotcha. I'll take the rest off that. Thanks.
Thank you.
Thank you. We have next question from the line of David Peters with Wolfe Research. Please go ahead.
Yeah. Hey, good afternoon. Just to kind of piggyback on that, the last question, just, you know, now you're saying 75%-85%, and that's reflecting kind of the current environment. Just to the extent things were to, I guess, get worse, and understanding you have pricing power, but I don't think it's a, you know, one for one offset. I guess, where is the line in the sand where it's, I guess, harder to fund sort of the robust growth that you guys have without other forms of capital?
Yeah. It's dependent on, you know, where do things go on rates, is dependent on where do things go on inflation. That's also impacting utility rates, and, you know, general price for goods going up, right? As we think about if you zoom out and look at the long-term picture of long-term interest rates and utility rates, you'll see a very high correlation, and we'd expect that to continue. As Ed mentioned, the market right now puts a low probability of rates going much higher from here. I think with the Fed's announcement today, we saw long-term interest rates remain pretty flat on the day. Now we'll see how things evolve over the next few days as the market digests it, but that's been so far the initial reaction.
We see many leading indicators, if we just parse through economic data, you know, not looking at official CPI data, but a lot more leading indicators suggest that inflation is soon to be on a downward path. It seems to match with what we're seeing in kind of the rates market, and those probabilities that Ed mentioned.
Okay. Thanks. I think you touched on this in the prepared remarks, but just the growth in Net Earning Assets quarter-over-quarter, how much of that was driven by the higher IDC? I think some of that was a catch-up going back to prior periods. I'm just trying to get a sense of what that growth was kind of ex of that step up.
Yeah. There's about, you know, $40 million is related to the one-time benefit from the ITC realization of assets we placed into service prior to the quarter. The remainder of that would be the higher net subscriber values, the higher pricing delivering into installs, which further deliver into the metric. I'd say those are the two primary contributing factors. Obviously, with Q3, we also delivered that at the higher ITC level into the metric.
Right. Okay. Thank you.
Thank you. We have next question from the line of Kashy Harrison with Piper Sandler. Please go ahead.
Good afternoon, all, and thanks for taking the questions. Danny, wanted to dig into something you mentioned in the prepared remarks surrounding the strategic focus for next year. Sounds like you're more focused on disciplined capital allocation by maximizing unit margins just given the uncertain market environment. So one, is that a fair correct characterization of the focus next year? Then two, can you dig into some of the decisions you expect to make to maximize margins? Is that cost reduction? Is that, you know, continuation of higher pricing? Any color there would be great.
Yeah. It's definitely prioritizing the strong unit margins. The guidance is approximately 25% growth in volume for the year. We still want to generate robust growth in volume. As we've kind of said consistently over the years, we view long-range industry growth trend at 15%-20% a year. Our view on that hasn't changed. You know, within that, we're absolutely prioritizing the stronger unit margins. You know, I don't know, Mary, if you want to play around anything there.
No, I think it just gets back to sort of what I've talked about in terms of crushing it on the fundamentals. If you know we feel like we're in a really good position, really good place in terms of demand, really good place in terms of our leadership on innovation. You know, and again, we see that we still have some continued headroom. Yeah, it's that focus on crushing it on the fundamentals of, you know, strategic profitable growth, customer obsession, innovation, and growing.
That's helpful. Thank you. Just maybe as my follow-up, just going back to slide 13 on the presentation. It's very helpful. Thank you. I was wondering if we could maybe just touch on working capital. I know that's one of the more notoriously difficult things to forecast, but maybe just conceptually, how you think, you know, how should we be thinking about, you know, changes in working capital in normal times and then, you know, maybe in recessionary periods as well? I'm trying to think of a way to, you know, model the drag or benefit you might have in any given year. Thank you.
Yeah. I would say there are probably two primary items to cover there. The first of which is backlog. The information we provided was we were trending towards two quarters a couple of quarters ago. We brought that down closer to one quarter. I think it's come in probably, you know, incrementally by a couple of weeks as we reported out this quarter. There is about a quarter's worth or slightly in excess of a quarter's worth of customer backlog.
As the business grows and the sheer size of the backlog grows and we start spending dollars on installations and, you know, permits and, you know, lots of the soft costs, you know, you see working capital consumption that way, which we've seen through the business, given the pretty robust growth rates we've seen recently. Then, on somewhat related to that, the second item is really inventory. We've had a pretty substantial rise in the inventory balance that we've carried to support that growth. And we've also talked about just, you know, supply in general through the supply chain.
If we look over the three quarters, you know, point is, we were carrying excess inventory balance more than our targets, and that's been a driver of working capital cash consumption in the business in the recent past.
Thank you.
Thank you. We have next question from the line of Philip Shen with ROTH Capital Partners. Please go ahead.
Hi, everyone. Thanks for taking my questions. Given the rising rate environment, it appears demand for loans may be slowing down meaningfully, and this could result in a much lower than expected first half of next year for the overall industry. With the slowing of loans, you know, clearly a lease could be a beneficiary there. Can you talk through how you might expect demand for your lease business to accelerate ahead, especially with the ITC adders? And then can you comment on whether or not you think the lease versus loan mix shifts dramatically in the coming two years in favor of lease? Thanks.
Yeah, I mean, I'll take it at a high- level, and then I'd love, Danny, for you to add on. Yeah, so I think we see it the way you see it. You know, the reality is the Inflation Reduction Act provides incentives that really are best monetized through the leasing model for customers, right? Because a lot of customers don't have the tax appetite to be able to take advantage of those benefits. You know, fundamentally, we do believe that model is really well suited for that. I mean, the other thing is, as you probably noticed in my remarks, I mean, you know, I really think of it as somebody who went solar probably 14 years ago originally and then a couple times since.
You know, it's like the power of it is so much really energy as a subscription service model, where again, it's really such a low friction, low stress way for customers to get, like, the most advanced technology in their homes in an affordable rate. So yes, we do see some trends in that direction, and we'll be thinking about it a lot as we think about next quarter and what our guidance will be for next year. With that, Danny, I'd love for you to add on.
Yeah, I'd just add more color on the kind of the near- term view before those adders take effect. If you just look at, you know, observing publicly available data on lease pricing, I think we have a strong belief. We've been adjusting our pricing significantly ahead of loan pricing getting adjusted, and that's, you know, factored into the mix, the relative mix we see in the business today looking back. Over the last three quarters, we've been in the 70-75% range plus or minus a couple of percentage points quarter-over-quarter.
We do have a, you know, forward view that given the catch up in pricing and the higher APRs we'd expect to see on loans going forward, that the mix would shift meaningfully towards the leasing model or the subscription model over the coming few quarters.
Great. Thanks, guys. As a follow on there, you know, historically, for the overall industry, loan versus lease mix has been maybe 70% loan, 20% lease with the balance being cash. In a couple years, could we see that maybe 50/50? Or do you think that's too far of a stretch? Or could we even completely invert it, in a few years' time? Of course, a lot depends on where rates go, but knowing what you know now, could we see 50/50 in two years? Thanks.
Yeah, I mean, you know, again, from like a high- level perspective, I think it is a super compelling value proposition. When you think about really that notion catching on across America of like, wow, I can really roll in all of these different products and innovation and do it in a subscription kind of model. You know, I've always felt like, frankly, just putting aside some of the other trends we've seen, it's just, it's a very compelling model. Again, our customers who understand it are compelled by it. You know, it seems like, again, if you really parse the data, so much of the data is related to what the salesperson is selling, kind of ties so much to what the consumer ultimately buys.
I don't think we're at the point where we want to put a stake in the ground of like what the percentages are going to be in the future. But we absolutely see that this is a very compelling business model and value proposition for customers, you know, to again, aggregate a lot of technology. 'Cause again, Sunrun's, you know, we're not just in the business of solar. We're in the business of solar, EV charging, storage, you know, providing more sophisticated controls through, you know, devices like the SPAN Panel. I think as we move more and more in that direction, that model, there's a lot of compelling features for it.
Great. Thanks, Mary. I'll pass it on.
Sure.
Thank you. We have next question from the line of Joseph Osha with Guggenheim Securities. Please go ahead.
Hi. Thanks. Two questions. First, kind of following on Phil's question there, you know, in thinking about this potential shift from loan to lease PPA. You know, typically in ABS markets, you know, we've seen third party price, you know, kind of 50-60 basis points outside of loans, but things are changing. I'm just wondering how you all think about, given what Phil mentioned and, you know, then other impacts of the IRA, how do you think about how we might see those transactions price relative to loan going forward? And then I have a follow-up.
Yeah, I think there are probably some technical kind of factors. If you look at the loan product and the way it's priced, it's been priced. I think a lot of the investors in that asset class look to the prepayment rates and the prepayment speeds of those loans, which as you'd imagine, you know, with mortgage rates going up and all interest rates going up, you know, those prepayment rates, we'd expect to have fallen, as the incentive to refinance a solar loan has also fallen, which might drive, you know, relative value differences, you know, for somebody investing in a loan offering, right? So, you know, that's on the one hand, the dynamics you'd probably see on the loan side.
If you look at credit spreads for loan securitizations, they have widened. Now there's just general widening in the market, and we'd probably say at this point they might have widened relatively more than we'd expect for leases. You know, we have also talked about the fact that we do have access both to the ABS market and the commercial bank market, and relative liquidity dynamics and fundamentals might differ at points in time. We are, you know, driving to the best possible cost of capital at all points as we seek to turn out our deployed portfolios into the market.
Yeah. I think the one thing, Joe, I might add to that, it's Ed, is that, you know, I think like in the commercial bank market, you know, if you were pricing a transaction today, you know, including hedging costs, it would have a six handle in it, which would be inside of where the ABS market is. I think there are, you know, there are two questions at hand, right? One is like, how are loans and leases, you know, financing in the ABS market? There's the secondary question of like, is that even the market that you want to be executing in right now? The other thing I would mention obviously is the pre-tax cost of tax equity is below the senior debt cost for either product.
When you think about the weighted average cost of a lease or a loan, you know, you don't want to forget that component either.
Yeah, that's a good point. Yeah, especially on the debt versus the ABS market. Thanks. Actually, Ed, you kind of neatly anticipated my second question. I mean, so many things changing just in terms of the functioning and just the plumbing of the tax equity market given direct pay and transferability and all this kind of stuff. Well, he always does that. It's amazing. You know, where do you think the tax equity IRRs are headed here when all is said and done? That is to say IRRs to tax equity investors. Could they compress?
I don't think that. You know, tax equity IRRs haven't moved very much in the almost 20 years, you know, I've been aware of the market. There are a few reasons for that. The first one is the pricing isn't risk-based. It's principally that there's a requirement that you provide a, you know, pre-tax return in the safe harbor, and that drives an after-tax return that is typically higher than, you know, actually what the asset itself would demand. So that mutes it. There's also the fact that accelerated depreciation becomes more valuable when interest rates are higher because it's basically a, you know, a tax equity investor deferring their income tax bill into the future. It's sort of got a component that becomes more valuable in a high interest rate environment.
Obviously in most high interest rate environments, you know, banks are making more money. There's more supply of tax equity. All of that is at play as well. In terms of transferability, I mean, for sure that's going to, you know, add to the supply in the market. You know, our sense right now is we would predominantly likely continue traditional tax equity, because, you know, in the tax equity traditional market, you know, you get a little bit more than basically $1 for your investment tax credit because you're providing depreciation value. In a transferability world, there is no depreciation benefit, so presumably someone will pay you less than $1 for investment tax credit.
I think that the superior unit economics will be in sort of the traditional market, but you know, potentially for like, you know, off the beaten path projects or novel structures, transferability might be of interest to people.
Excellent. Thank you.
Thank you. We have next question from the line of Sophie Karp with KeyBank. Please go ahead.
Hi. Thank you for taking my question, and congrats on the solid print here.
Thank you, Sophie.
A couple of questions here. First, I wanted to go back to Lunar, right? Could you maybe give us the investment thesis on Lunar? Is the equipment that, you know, the company will provide in any way superior to what the competition already has on the market or is planning to have on the market? Why does it make sense for you particularly to invest in it rather than stay in the kind of technology agnostic?
Yeah, I mean, I'm just really bullish on this investment, so thank you for the question. You know, it is definitely a next generation technology without a shadow of a doubt. You know, for us, it really felt like a way to broaden and deepen, you know, basically our access to really good, strong technology for this electrification revolution that's happening around us, right? Again, we really saw it as not switching to one provider because that's not our plan at all with Lunar. We saw it as a really good strategic investment, like on its own, even if we couldn't ourselves utilize what they're producing. The happy coincidence is, guess what? We actually do get to utilize what they're producing.
We see it as really strong from two perspectives, like just as a standalone investment thesis.
To have such a high caliber team that is developing technologies for whole home and transportation technology electrification deployment is really powerful. Then because we have so many customers and we have so much demand, the idea of also getting the opportunity to onboard another technology into our suite is just really exciting. Again, we have great partnerships with other storage vendors in this space. We value those. We expect to continue to want those and to develop them. We just see consumer demand growing so much that there is a place for again, more technology to be available for our consumers. We love that. We believe very strongly in Kunal and his team, and we're really excited about their product roadmap and what other technology might become available to us.
It's a real win-win, particularly as we look to 2023 and 2024, where there's still going to probably be some constraints in the environment. We're really thrilled that we're going to have, you know, proprietary access to the technology that Kunal and his team are developing.
Yeah. I think maybe just going back to, you know, when we decided to, you know, start the company. You know, we had spent years providing, you know, feature requests to inverter battery electrification manufacturers and, you know, hadn't really felt like the features and specifications that we really wanted that we knew would lower our cost and increase customer demand were really being acted upon. The thesis was, yes, that we could, you know, by virtue of installing and having all of the customer relations that we have, you know, have a better view into like really how to specify and establish these products. The goal certainly was to create a differentiated product. In addition, as Mary mentioned, obviously, you know, we felt like more battery supply, particularly for us, is better.
You know, Lunar is competing against a number of companies that operate in very high margin areas, so it's like a good standalone investment. We felt like, you know, for all those reasons, it was a very interesting move for us to make, particularly in light of having a good partner and management team identified.
Amazing. Thank you. My other question is on the kind of capital allocation. Given the dislocation that we see in the, you know, equity markets and some of the debt markets and where your, you know, debt trade, for example, does it make sense to buy it back?
I think obviously we've talked about the interest rate environment, the inflationary environment. I think we just prioritize the strength of our balance sheet and liquidity in this period of time over, you know, relative to the trading levels on the convert and that opportunity there.
Yep. All right. Fair enough.
Great.
Thank you.
I think that ends the queue. Appreciate everyone joining, and we'll be in touch.
Thank you all.
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