Good morning and good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you and welcome to VNET Group, Inc.'s fourth quarter 2021 earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. We'll be hosting a question and answer session after the management's prepared remarks. With us today are Mr. Samuel Shen, Chief Executive Officer and Executive Chairman of Retail IDC, Mr. Tim Chen, Chief Financial Officer, and Ms. Xinyuan Liu, our Investor Relations Director of the company. I will now turn the call over to the first speaker today, Ms. Liu, IR Director of VNET Group, Inc. Please go ahead, ma'am.
Hello, everyone. Welcome to our fourth quarter 2021 earnings conference call. Our earnings release was distributed earlier today, and you can find a copy on our IR website as well as on news wire services. Please note that this discussion today will contain forward-looking statements made under the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from our current expectations. For detailed discussions of these risks and uncertainties, please refer to our latest annual report and other documents filed with the SEC. VNET does not undertake any obligations to update any forward-looking statements except as required under applicable laws. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. In addition, a webcast of this conference call will also be available on our IR website at ir.vnet.com.
I will now turn the call over to our CEO, Samuel.
All right. Thank you, Xinyuan. Good morning and good evening, everyone. Thank you for joining our fourth quarter 2021 earnings conference call. We concluded 2021 with strong operating and financial results. Operationally, we successfully achieved this year's delivery target by adding approximately 25,000 cabinets in the full year of 2021, including 13,276 cabinets that were delivered in the fourth quarter. Financially, for the full year of 2021, we grew our revenue by 28% and our adjusted EBITDA by 32%. We attribute our achievements to favorable government policies, robust market demand, persistent strategy execution, and methodical service expansion. First, we are pleased to see the favorable government policies continue to provide a strong tailwind to our industry development.
Last month, the Eastern Data, Western Computing plan was jointly released by China's National Development and Reform Commission, together with three other central regulatory departments. Of the eight national computing hubs, we have already deployed our data centers in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta, Greater Bay Area, Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle, and Inner Mongolia autonomous region. In addition, this January, the State Council of China unveiled the 14th Five-Year Plan for the digital economy, highlighting the sector's role in reshaping global economic structure and rolling out development targets through 2025. The plan laid out measures for upgrading national infrastructure, fostering the role of data as a production element, and promoting digital transformation. The plan also gives priority to the development of digital infrastructure, a pillar of achieving digital economic prosperity that will also spur investment and drive overall economic growth.
During the fourth quarter, we received orders not only from fair weather technology companies in the internet sectors, but also traditional companies in brick-and-mortar industries that are transforming through digitalization. In addition, we're seeing growing demand in both the wholesale and retail segments. In order to seize this burgeoning market demand, we maintained a laser-sharp focus on executing our dual-core strategy to offer both wholesale and retail IDC services, enabling us to achieve solid operating results. On the cabinet delivery front, we added 13,276 cabinets on a net basis in the fourth quarter to 78,540 cabinets as of December 31, 2021, despite a myriad of challenges, including equipment delivery delays caused by the COVID resurgence in certain regions of China, global chip shortages, and construction difficulties due to excessively cold weather.
To meet our annual delivery targets against all odds is a strong testament to our solid execution capabilities, developed on the foundation of our extensive experience in the IDC sectors. This achievement demonstrates our superior capabilities in project management, logistics, as well as suppliers and government relations. In addition, we successfully leverage our extensive technological expertise to explore expansion resources. Turning to our monthly recurring revenue, our retail IDC MRR reached a new high of CNY 9,301 in the fourth quarter, representing 2% year-over-year growth. Our continued growth in MRR is a manifestation of the increasing endorsement from our existing customers. As we continue to improve our service capabilities and enrich our one-stop solution offerings, our existing customers expanded their contract scopes accordingly to include more value-added services such as interconnectivity, bare metal services, hybrid cloud services, O&M, and more.
We're also making good progress on our utilization rate. Our compound utilization rate increased to 61.6% in the fourth quarter compared to 59.8% in the previous one. This increase was mainly driven by consistently strong demand from the Internet sectors and the digitalization trend in the traditional industries such as financial services, automobile, manufacturing, and local services. The utilization rate for mature cabinets, which consisted of cabinet deliveries prior to and during 2019 was 76.7% compared to 75.5% in the previous quarter. The utilization rate for ramp-up in newly built cabinets, which consisted of cabinet deliveries in 2020 and 2021 was 39.6% compared to 34.7% in the previous quarter. That being said, we do expect to see some seasonal fluctuations in the utilization rates in the first quarter.
This is because each year we reclassify mature, ramp-up, and newly built cabinets in the first quarter, and we delivered a large amount of newly built cabinets in the fourth quarter of last year. On the resource front, we have recently secured new resources exceeding 20 MW in capacity at a premier location in Beijing, and we expect to deliver the cabinets over the next 2 years in multiple phases. Additionally, we continue to secure more resources in other tier 1 cities and surrounding areas. On the wholesale business side, while maintaining our ramp-up speed, we continue to secure more orders from existing and new customers. Our customers in the internet sectors and cloud computing industry maintain a healthy pace of development and ramp up fast to meet their increasing data processing needs.
In the fourth quarter, we won a pre-committed order of approximately 7 MW in capacity from existing internet customer. Recently, the same customer awarded us a further pre-committed order of approximately 11 MW in capacity. We also secured 3 other orders totaling approximately 5 MW in capacity. 2 of them were multi-year contracts from our existing customers in the internet and technology sectors, respectively. While the third one was a multi-year contract with a state-owned cloud enterprise in the southwestern region of China. We continue to see the increasing demands in our wholesale business and are confident about our future prospects in this segment. Turning to our retail business, the digital transformation trend further fueled our business growth across multiple verticals. We continue to see strong demand from several industries, including financial services, automobile manufacturing, local services, and IT services.
In addition, we also saw increased demand from traditional industries such as logistics, manufacturing, and construction. For example, several globally renowned companies partnered with us to expand their business in China during the quarter, demonstrating our strong customer recognition, exceptional operating track record, and superior IDC technologies. These customers include a leading global investment bank, the world-leading credit rating service provider, and a global leader in the premium and luxury car industry. We have now reached over 1,400 IDC customers in total, and they operate in a wide variety of industries. This growth and diversification of our customer base will help us to mitigate any potential adverse regulatory changes, and also serves as a secure foundation for the future development of our dual-core strategy. For our BlueCloud business, we continue to grow the business by providing industry-specific solutions to help our customers improve their operational efficiency and reduce cost.
Witnessing the unprecedented supply chain disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, we decided to proactively develop a solution to help our clients resolve acute pains in their logistics management and shorten their product to market time. We recently initiated a logistics execution system, one of our key SaaS offerings to IDC customers in the automotive industry. This SaaS offering improves support for lean manufacturing with the aim of minimizing lead time and increasing customer satisfaction by fulfilling tailored requirements. The system also provides better warehouse management by synchronizing online and offline orders. Enabling direct ordering from manufacturers eliminates the need for intermediate distributors, allowing manufacturers to produce goods based on the actual needs of customers. During the quarter, Neta, a new local EV manufacturer, began using our logistics execution system and provided excellent initial feedback.
Utilizing our successful execution experience and product development capabilities. We expect to expand our product reach to serve more upstream and downstream industry participants in the automotive industry, and expand into various other sectors going forward. Beyond the execution of our strategy, we further explore options to diversify our financing solutions and enhancing the resilience of our business. In January, we reached an agreement with Blackstone, the world's largest alternative investment firm, pursuant to which Blackstone made an additional investment in VNET by purchasing $250 million of our convertible notes. Last December, we signed a master joint venture investment agreement with the Sovereign Wealth Fund. Together, we will form joint ventures to pursue development and investment opportunities in multiple build-to-suit hyperscale data center projects in China.
As a leading data center service providers in the industry, we have always considered sustainable development as a core part of our mission since inception. ESG strategy is an integral part of our long-term business success. We aim to achieve both carbon neutrality and 100% renewable energy by 2030, and we have also committed to a number of ESG initiatives. First of all, we strive to contribute to a sustainable future. We became a signatory of the UN Global Compact in November 2021, and now pledge to consider all 17 UN sustainable development goals in our comprehensive business development. Similarly, in the pursuit of increasing renewable energy ratio in our energy consumption, we successfully signed strategic cooperation agreements with China Huadian Corporation, Shanghai Electric Wind Power Group, and China Southern Power Grid Energy Efficiency and Clean Energy Co.
In addition, as a response to the international initiatives and domestic callings against climate change, we're now examining climate-related risks and opportunities concerning the industry, and have recently committed to supporting the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures, aka TCFD. Last but not least, we continue striving to decrease the PUE of our data centers. The average PUE of our stabilized data center was 1.37 in 2021, notably lower than the industry average. Turning to our capital market initiatives, I would like to take the opportunity to share with you that we are planning a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. We believe a secondary listing in Hong Kong will provide our shareholders with an additional trading venue while offering them greater protection amid an evolving regulatory environment. The timing of our contemplated secondary listing is subject to market conditions and regulatory approvals, however.
In summary, 2021 was a rewarding year. We maintained consistent execution of our dual-core strategy to achieve sustained growth, and we also succeeded in meeting our annual target for 2021 by delivering approximately 25,000 cabinets. In consideration of the uncertainties in the macroeconomic environment, we would like to revise our annual cabinet delivery target from 25,000 cabinets to a range of 14,400-17,400 cabinets for the year of 2022. With that, I would now turn the call over to Tim. He will discuss our financial results for the quarter and his thoughts on our future growth. Hi, Tim.
Thank you, Samuel. Good morning and good evening, everyone. Before we start our detailed financial discussion, please note that we will present non-GAAP measures today. Our non-GAAP results exclude certain non-cash expenses, which are not part of our core operations. The details of these expenses may be found in the reconciliation tables included in our press release. Please also note that unless otherwise stated, all the financial numbers we present today are for the fourth quarter of 2021 and in renminbi terms, while percentage changes are on a year-over-year basis. As Samuel mentioned, our performance in 2021 was characterized by healthy revenue growth and margin expansion, improved operational efficiency, augmented utilization rates, and consistent cabinet capacity deliveries, which proceeded according to schedule despite macro uncertainties.
Net revenue in the fourth quarter of 2021 increased to CNY 1.75 billion, a 29.4% year-over-year increase from the fourth quarter of 2020. This increase was mainly due to increased customer demand for our highly scalable carrier and cloud neutral IDC solutions from both wholesale and retail IDC customers, as well as the notable growth in our cloud business. Gross profit in the fourth quarter of 2021 was CNY 380 million, representing a year-over-year increase of 29.1% and a sequential increase of 1.3%.
Gross margin in the fourth quarter of 2021 was 21.8% compared to 21.8% in the fourth quarter of 2020 and 24% in the third quarter of 2021. The year-over-year decrease, a small decrease in gross margin was primarily attributable to the massive delivery of new cabinets, which usually have a ramp-up phase to reach the expected profit level. Adjusted cash gross profit, which excludes depreciation, amortization, and share-based compensation expenses, was CNY 713.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2021, an increase of 22.7% from the fourth quarter of 2020 and 5.8% from the third quarter of 2021.
Adjusted cash gross margin in the fourth quarter of 2021 was 40.9% compared to 43.2% in both the fourth quarter of 2020 and third quarter of 2021. Adjusted operating expenses, which exclude share-based compensation expenses, compensation for post-combination employment and acquisition, impairment of loan receivable to potential investee and impairment of long-lived assets were CNY 273.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2021, representing an increase of 27% from the fourth quarter of 2020 and 12.2% from the third quarter of 2021. As a percentage of net revenues, adjusted operating expenses in the fourth quarter of 2021 were 15.7% compared to 16% in the same period of 2020 and 15.6% in the third quarter of 2021.
Adjusted EBITDA in the fourth quarter of 2021 was CNY 463 million, representing an increase of 18.8% year over year from the fourth quarter of 2020 and an increase of 2.8% sequentially from the third quarter of 2021. Adjusted EBITDA in the fourth quarter of 2021 excluded share-based compensation expenses of CNY 253 million. Adjusted EBITDA margin in the fourth quarter of 2021 was 26.5% compared to 28.9% in both the fourth quarter of 2020 and the third quarter of 2021.
Our net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders in the fourth quarter of 2021 was CNY 27.3 million, compared to a net loss of CNY 1.02 billion in the fourth quarter of 2020 and a net profit of CNY 156.2 million in the third quarter of 2021. Basic and diluted loss were CNY 0.03 and CNY 0.28 per ordinary share respectively, and CNY 0.18 and CNY 1.68 per ADS respectively. Each ADS represents 6 Class A ordinary shares. As for our balance sheet, the aggregate amount of the company's cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments as of December 31, 2021 was CNY 1.71 billion, a decrease of 49.8% from December 31, 2020.
Meanwhile, net cash generated from operating activities in the fourth quarter of 2021 was CNY 664 million compared to CNY 283.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2020 and CNY 134.7 million in the third quarter of 2021. Our CapEx in the fourth quarter of 2021 was CNY 2.2 billion, and the total CapEx for the full year 2021 was CNY 4 billion. We expect to invest CNY 4 billion-CNY 5 billion in CapEx for both our data center constructions and M&A considerations for the full year of 2022. Looking forward, we will continue to explore various financing solutions, execute diligently on our dual-core strategy, increase our customer diversification to cultivate resilience, and further consolidate our position as a leading data center services provider in China. Now moving to outlook.
For the full year of 2022, we anticipate net revenues to be in the range of CNY 7,450 million-CNY 7,750 million, and Adjusted EBITDA to be in the range of CNY 1,975 million-CNY 2,125 million. The midpoints of the company's updated estimates imply year-over-year increases of 22.8% and 16.9% in net revenues and adjusted EBITDA, respectively. This forecast reflects the company's current and preliminary views on the market and its operational conditions and does not factor in any potential future impacts caused by the COVID pandemic, and is subject to change. This concludes our prepared remarks for today. Operator, we're now ready to take questions.
Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, please press star one on your telephone. To withdraw your question, please press pound or hash key. First question comes from the line of Yang Liu from Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.
Thanks for the opportunity to ask questions. Two questions from my side. The first one is on the demand. We see a downward revision of the full-year new capacity delivery plan for 2022. Could you please update us in terms of the wholesale and retail split? If I remember correctly, previously, 25,000 actually is 80% for wholesale and scale retail and 20% for traditional retail business. What is the new split and where do we see the downward revision of the demand? The second is for the 2022 margin. We see the new guidance, the revenue growth rate is pretty strong, but the EBITDA undergrows the revenue. What is the reason for that?
Is this mainly because of the higher utility cost or is there any other reason behind that? Thank you.
Okay. Tim, do you wanna take the question first, and then, I can chime in later?
Absolutely. In terms of the demand outlook, we are looking at a roughly 60-40 split, wholesale versus retail. The retail does comprise a component of the scale retail. Actually, the downward guide on the cabinets was actually a pro rata guide. We're not necessarily saying that there's one segment versus the other segment. I guess in terms of the question on the EBITDA versus the revenue growth, we are, as you know, steadily ramping up the wholesale side of the business, but we also have other business segments. Some of the other business segments are not EBITDA types of businesses, or they have lower margins.
That actually is increasing the sort of cost related to those. More importantly is we also, in our guidance, have factored in the increase in utility costs, and that accounts for let's say around just under 1% of the decline in margins as well. I think that's the main drivers, Yang, to your question. I guess in terms of the overall demand outlook, in terms of some of the details, Samuel, I don't know if you wanted to add some color for Yang on the wholesale and retail demand that we've been seeing.
Yes, definitely. Again, thanks, Yang, for the questions. I think overall, given the favorable government policy and also the rise of data sovereignty and plus the digital transformation momentum. Overall, we're still very bullish about our long range outlook in general. We also have to understand that there is a macro issues that we have to be careful about. Industry-wise and market-wise, there's also kind of different, I would say, different climate compared to the last year, and therefore, company-wise, we wanna be a little bit cautious. You know, one thing, on one hand, there's a business priority. On the other hand, there's a resource needs that we wanna balance. That's the reason.
Overall, business outlook, fantastic, and we're very bullish, but we're taking a cautious approach, step by step. I think that's the additional color, which I wanna add on top of what Tim mentioned earlier. Thank you, Yang.
Yang, sorry, one more point on the question you had on EBITDA. I think one of the other factors that you wanna take into consideration as well is the fact that we added, you know, 13,000 cabinets at the end of 2021. We are also factoring a drag on the EBITDA when it will take time for these cabinets to slowly ramp up during the course of 2022. There will be more costs, obviously, in the first part of the year until they start ramping up, and these are, you know, fixed costs with the delivered cabinets.
Thank you. May I follow up in terms of the other low margin business? Is it the cloud service for Microsoft and also the VPN growing faster or and also other IT service business or something else have some dragging impact on the margin?
I can probably comment on that one. First of all, again, precisely, it is not a low margin business. I would say it's not like pure IDC wholesale play, which is EBITDA type of business. You know, cloud business or value-added services, they are not much related to EBITDA, but it is a very healthy business, again, from a gross margin point of view. Assuming you're also interested about to know about Microsoft cloud growth and also VPN growth. I think from a market perspective, the Microsoft cloud, which basically includes the Azure, Office 365, Dynamics 365, and Power Platform, is highly welcome in the enterprise space. Of course, we're benefiting from their growth by being the Microsoft closest operating partners in China.
From member perspective, I would say we continue enjoying the very healthy double-digit growth year-over-year. Switch to the VPN that you mentioned about, which is the MPLS VPN. It is still highly regarded as one of the highest quality options for enterprise connection. We're seeing some of the customers having a need to balance their price performance. Some of them would continue to go for MPLS VPN, and then some of them would try to go with the SD-WAN. Luckily, because we do provide both routes and options for customer to choose, we're seeing the SD-WAN business pick up very, very fast. High double-digit growth year-over-year. I think combined together, it is still very healthy and great business for us.
Hopefully, tat addressed your question, Yang Liu.
Yes, thank you, Samuel.
Once again, if you would like to ask question, please press star one and wait for your name to be announced. To cancel your request, please press the pound or hash key. Next question will come from th
e line of Edison Lee of Jefferies. Please go ahead.
Oh, hi, Samuel and Tim. Thank you very much for the presentation. I wanna focus on your target for 2022. You gave a range of 14,400-17,400 cabinets. I want to know how comparable this number is versus the previous guidance of 25,000 cabinets, because obviously, wholesale build-out is not based on cabinets, but based on megawatt, right? So could you maybe help us understand how we should actually look at this new guidance range versus the previous 25,000? Number two is that at the moment, do you have any thoughts about 2023? Because previously it was three-year target, and how should investors think about the 2023 situation based on your understanding of demand right now?
Let me take a crack at this. Edison, thanks for the questions. In terms of the comparability between the cabinets provided, I would say it's on a similar basis, so we've not changed the basis in terms of disclosing the number of cabinets. You're absolutely correct that the projects which are wholesale-based, these are higher density cabinets, and so naturally there are less cabinets. Now in terms of the 2023 and looking beyond, I would sort of go back to 2020, end of 2020 when we provided the three-year forward look in terms of cabinets.
It was at the completion of what was a extremely successful year for the industry and for us and our peers in 2020. Clearly with a lot of the regulatory headwinds that we saw in 2021, that changed dramatically and has not fully turned around yet here as we start 2022. I would say and echo Samuel's earlier comments, we are extremely bullish on the sector. We're extremely bullish on the customers' requirements. If you look at it, you know, there is no reduction in terms of the end users like ourselves, you know, using data, storing data, analyzing data. The demand is there.
We've taken a more cautious approach for 2022, just given the large number of uncertainties in the macroeconomic environment. We also look to the market and do see slower than expected move-in rates. For 2022, we've guided down all of these projects to a certain extent. Some of these projects could be accelerated, so moved from a 2023 timetable and moved up into 2022. Similarly, you know, things if we see the pickup during the course of this year, then we would start the 2023 projects and therefore that would lead to a higher number for 2023. Frankly, at sort of March 2022, again, based on the outlook, I would say that 2023 should be higher than 2022.
Whether we're, you know, going back to a 25,000, again, I would take 25,000 as an end of 2020, what the market condition was at that time. We're taking a more cautious approach given the current market conditions and probably don't want to push out a number out this early in the year for something that there isn't enough visibility on. Again, we can turn on and off the CapEx, and therefore we do expect that we can be quite nimble with regards to 2023. Thank you.
Thank you, Tim. Can I follow up on two other issues? Number one is that, I think you disclosed that 16 MW of new wholesale projects that you signed in 1Q this year and 11 MW you signed in 4Q last year. Is it true that these are all from existing wholesale customers and you did not sign up any brand-new customers in 4Q and 1Q?
Samuel, you wanna take first crack at that?
Yes. Again, thank you, Edison, for the questions. For Q4, from a wholesale perspective, we share about 7 MW. That was indeed from the existing customers. But something we haven't really, you know, say out loud is our Scale Retail. We also have a big wins from Scale Retail customers in Q4 that was actually 4 MW, in addition to their previous, you know, kind of allocation and contract.
For the 1Q because, yeah, some of the orders come in from existing customer, but we do have the orders coming from new customers, public cloud providers and also the e-commerce platform companies and also its own dedicated cloud, and so on and so forth. Again, we still have, you know, few more, I would say a few more discussion going on. Hopefully, probably in May timeframe when we talk about our Q1 earnings release.
We could share additional color for our Q1 performance.
Okay. Thank you, Samuel. The state-owned company, state-owned enterprise cloud service provider is a brand new customer. Is that right?
Yes.
Okay. Thank you. Sorry, just 1 follow-up for Tim on the power cost. You said that there will be 1 percentage point impact, but my understanding is that all the wholesale contracts you do not include power costs, so that's why there's a pass-through. Is that 1 percentage point impact coming from retail customers because you have a 1- to 3-year contract, so that's why you have a time lag in terms of passing on power costs?
Yeah. As of the end of 2021, Edison, the large majority of our billable capacity was actually bundled with power. A big portion of that is, yes, the wholesale business was still ramping up, so it's a very small percentage. We do expect that by the end of this year, the sort of unbundled or pass-through proportion will probably increase to, let's say, circa 30%. It is the ramp-up of the wholesale, which is one portion, but the second one is the extra power costs are being included in the quotation of the renewals, as well as the new retail contracts that we're signing. I think the answer to it is actually yes to both.
It is a rollover of new contracts, but also a ramp-up of the wholesale.
For power costs, are you assuming a 20% increase year-on-year on just on the unit power cost? Okay, I'm not talking about the whole power cost.
Overall, depending on the region, we're expecting between 10%-20%. Full year 2021 compared to 2022. Again, that's the sort of impact that we're expecting is under 1% to our margins.
Okay. Thank you very much. Yeah, that's it for me.
No. Thank you.
Thank you for the question. Our next question comes from the line of Cong Sherry of CICC. Please go ahead.
Good morning, management. My question is about the M&A plan, and you mentioned that 2022 CapEx plans between CNY 4 billion and CNY 5 billion. How much proportion is expected to be in M&A opportunities? Do you see the price of IDC project in the primary market show a growing trend this year compared to 2020 and 2021? Thank you.
Okay. Thank you very much. Let me take this question and, Samuel, you can add if there's anything else. For the question in terms of the percentage of M&A, I would sort of look back at 2021 and say that, you know, roughly 30% of 2021 related to acquisitions of land power, acquisitions of service companies and acquisitions of actual data center assets. As I then look at what we've been planning out for 2022 in providing the CNY 4 billion-CNY 5 billion guidance, we're expecting probably in a range of 15%-30%.
It is a wider range, but that's because some of the M&A projects tend to be larger in size, and so a swing of doing it or not doing it could actually result in a larger percentage change. Now, in answer to your question about where do we see pricing of IDC projects, I would say, you know, we're still using a guidepost in terms of what we see in the market of around 10x EBITDA pricing. Obviously, when we do evaluate the projects, it's not purely based on the price, but also on the locations in terms of proximity to our existing data centers, as well as where the customer demands are in making that evaluation.
The other point I would make is that, you know, obviously, the best projects that, you know, we or the vast majority of our projects are self-built projects. You'll see a lot more greenfield, brownfield that we've done in the past to build those into our self-built projects rather than acquiring EBITDA. I think on an opportunistic basis, there will be some acquisitions of operating data centers. Again, we feel that it is a better use of our capital to not just focus on buying EBITDA, but rather focusing on both again where our customers' requirements are and making sure that we can put together a product that is very attractive to our customers as well. Thank you.
Thank you for the questions. Our next questions will come from the line of Sarah Wang from UBS. Please ask your question.
I have two questions. First is still regarding client demand. Under th
e government's new Eastern Data Western Computing initiative, do we see more intentions from our clients moving into the West no matter it's retail or wholesale clients? Second question is that I think we have mentioned that 2023 sales target should be higher than 2022. May I ask what are the key assumptions here? What do you think is the key moving factor? Meaning for the 2022 sales target are we assuming either macro weak macro or internet regulation or supply chain disruption? What are the key factor you think were moving our sales target? Thank you.
Okay. I might wanna take the question first and then welcome team to provide additional color associated with that. I think both Tim and I we mentioned about first of all when we look at the whole market, we're truly bullish, and we're bullish for reasons. Number 1, you know, the government is providing a lot of great favorable policies, even further define provide the directional guidance for Eastern Data, Western Computing. On the other hand, government also mentioned about the data is gonna be key element for future production. The data sovereignty all of a sudden becomes like you know higher order bits for every single enterprise to consider about for their cloud optimization.
Number three, because you know, I think the COVID basically accelerated digital transformation. Nowadays, a lot of our enterprises for them to accelerate their digital transformation is to go through either CapEx to OpEx, reduce the CapEx, and focus on the OpEx in order to resonate with their business growth. On the other hand, they are continuing to drive the cloud optimization, but in the past, probably one single public cloud, but the hybrid multi-cloud is going to become a new norm. The third one is to adopt every single thing as a service. Because VNET, we're well-positioned that we have a dual-core strategy, industry-leading ones. For that one, we're very bullish about the future.
The way we see that every single day, we see a great momentum. On the other hand, we also have to be very cautious because the macro environment's beyond our control. We're talking about the China-U.S., you know, frenemy situation is a new norm. Industry-wise, there's gonna be a power quota, power tariff, and also, you know, market-wise, you know, the customers, they're paying more attention on the cost. There is also possibly a premium that we have to pay from a merchant acquisition point of view in a short period of time. While we're bullish about the long term, but we're cautious in every single step that we're taking. That's, you know, I would say the overall perspective.
Probably Tim can chime in with some of the additional input that we're seeing every single day and the cautious steps that we're taking. Tim, do you wanna add additional color?
Absolutely. I would add to Samuel, maybe sort of dig one layer deeper in terms of both what we've provided to the market in terms of guidance on cabinets, what Samuel's talking about in terms of the sort of sales, and I would link that then further to your questions around, you know, kind of how things look like in terms of, let's say, utilization rate assumptions.
You know, with the delivery that we've made at the end of last year, you know, obviously we do expect there to be a dip in terms of utilization rates, both due to large number of deliveries, but also each year we then reset, you know, the what cabinets are included under mature data centers, ramp up, and so on and so forth. The desire is also to make sure that we are finding a healthy balance between adding capacity, meeting our customers' requirements, but also looking at the now and today and seeing where the customers are in terms of ramping up and also where their demands are. I think there is the desire to find that balance.
I think with the reduction in the total number of cabinets, we're also still targeting utilization rates of around 60%. Obviously, to the extent that we see customers ramping up faster, then we would speed up the deliveries. In this case, right now, we are taking a more cautious approach because 2022 is not, as I said earlier on, one of the earlier questions, you know, is not 2020. I think that we do need to find that balance then of making sure we deliver the right number of cabinets to match up with the ramp up and the demands of our end customers.
Thank you for the questions. Next question comes from the line of Clive Cheung of Credit Suisse. Please go ahead.
Hi. Good morning, management. Thank you for taking my question, and congratulations on the result. My first question is on margin. We mentioned for certain existing customers, there's an increasing trend of taking up more value-added services. My question is, if assuming this is a long-term trend, how is this going to impact our margin, if any? Thank you.
Okay.
Yeah, go ahead, Samuel. Why don't you start and then I'll add to that.
Sure. Okay. Again, thank you, Clive, for the question. Yes, we do see a big trend for customers to take on the value-added services. As I said, from a high-level perspective, you know, some of the uniqueness for China compared to the rest of the world, as I said before, is that while the rest of the world, you know, when enterprises are talking about the cloud transformation, there basically are three big players, which is AWS, Microsoft and Google. But in China, we have more than a dozen cloud service providers. So that's one thing.
The second thing is why the data privacy, transparent computing, data sovereignty becomes the higher order bits for enterprise to think about, then they will probably develop a new strategy other than one single public cloud. They might choose to go with a hybrid multi-cloud in a way that they wanna making sure the data will be stored at their discretion. That's the second thing. The third one, because the COVID-19 really impact whole industry, most of the companies, at least in China, they were so willing to go with the OpEx-driven approach instead of CapEx-driven approach.
Therefore, other than, you know, finding a partner to go with the colocation support, they wanna have the partner, especially a mutual partner, and they don't take sides, but providing them the full stack services, all the way from colocation support, the networking capabilities and plus the networking securities and also the bare metal because they wanna have a single tenant. They also wanna have the ONN. They even wanna have the hybrid cloud, multi-cloud management services to support and so on supports. That gives VNET a great opportunity, and we saw that, and we grabbed that as well. The question is whether those value-added services are like data center wholesale play, which is pure EBITDA-driven.
My answer to that is probably not because you know those are the software capabilities and service capabilities may not have enough or a lot of the amortization depreciation elements. That's the reason it may not be a pure apples-to-apples comparison for VNET versus our I would say IDC peer companies. But luckily as you probably heard from you know some of our peer companies they are seeing a huge retail tailwinds. They wanna switch their focus to the retail engine. I think to certain degree that specific comments or statements endorse our growth strategy.
I would say, you know, we're happy to have the strategy for the dual-core growth engine and we're very proud to continue to execute on that strategy. Tim, do you have any additional input you wanna make?
No, no. I think, Samuel, you gave a good overview of the types of businesses and the value-added services and how it works. You know, again, I think we can dive into some of the modeling side, on the call back then.
Yeah, sure. Thank you. My second question is in terms of the security of resources for our 2022 kind of expansion plans. How much of those are now secured? Yeah, actually just that. Yeah. Thank you.
Yep. No, I mean, when we've obviously given out the list of the actual pipeline projects, and those are secure. We have included a range this year, and that's because in terms of an overall timing, and I think people were asking about overall timing, we expect that a large portion of these will be actually at the end of the year. We've included from our experience already the possibility that projects either get shifted into 2023 or pulled up. We have included sort of others, and those are ones where you know, I think there's uncertainty around the overall timetable from the customer point of view. Overall, yes, these have been secured.
It really is a matter of timing in terms of whether it comes in this side of 2022 or the other side of 2022 into 2023. Hope that answers your question.
Okay.
Yep.
Yeah. Thank you. Thank you.
Yeah.
Thank you for the question. Next question from Ethan Zhang from Nomura. Please go ahead.
First one is, I noticed that you mentioned that we see the customers seeing more value-added service for our retail IDC business. Just wonder what's the outlook for our retail MRR in FY 2022 and going forward. Second question is regarding the new IDC projects. I note that we have some wholesale projects under construction in Chengdu and Chongqing Economic Circle. Just want to see your view on the IDC demand in that region, 'cause I think this was some new market we are tapping into. Thanks.
Okay. Maybe Samuel, I'll take the MRR question and then you wanna take the second question?
Sure.
Yeah. Look, in terms of MRR, and I'm happy you sort of asked, you know, what the view of MRR for 2022 is. You know, it will move around quarter to quarter, as you've seen, last year as well. We do expect the MRR to stay in the sort of, you know, 9,000+ range and then trending upwards as there are more and more value-added services that we sell to our customers. Obviously, some of the volatility comes around the fact that not all the customers when they first sign on is taking on the full package of services.
That's something which, you know, the more cabinets we add, if they're more for what I'll call basic service or basic plus one, versus a bundled solution of multiple services. I think that's gonna affect the MRR. I think overall MRR trend, again, we expect to be in a very positive trend going forward. Let me pass to you, Samuel, in terms of questions around the Chongqing region.
Yes. Thank you, Ethan, for the questions. I think earlier this year, government has a new directional guidance in terms of Eastern Data, and also the Western Computing. If you look at the Eastern Data, Western Computing, and Chengdu and Chongqing area has been identified one of the eight region. Then that specific region, together with Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, obviously the Tier One cities, the four of them are actually defined as the Eastern Data.
Even though Sichuan, Chongqing are sort of like, you know, I would say, a little bit kind of west compared to Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen from a geo perspective, but that specific area, you know, does have a strong need from a business and also market perspective with a lot of the scenarios around, I would say low latency, high bandwidth, and also no packet loss, so ideally for a region specialized to provide the Eastern Data, per se, that's also one of the areas that we're gonna continue to invest. As a matter of fact, one of the projects in our 2022 is to talk about that specific areas, and we're seeing, I would say great momentum picked up.
If I look back at 2021 versus 2020, that's also one of the area start with small, but growing fast. We're very optimistic about the Chengdu and Chongqing areas. Hopefully that address your question, Ethan.
Thank you for the question. Next question comes from Albert Hung of JP Morgan. Please go ahead.
Yeah. Thank you for taking my question. I want to ask, how should we think about the competitive landscape going forward? Because I see two major factors. One, the government's new policy with Eastern Data, Western Computing is driving the customers to the remote areas, while VNET has historical edge in Tier 1 cities. Second, one of your competitors wants to focus more on retail business. I wonder how these two factors will affect your competitive landscape in the future. My second question is, could you comment on the latest pricing in wholesale customers, as many of the large internet service providers are doing cost reduction, and you're also toning down a bit the future demand outlook. How should we read it as the implication for pricing? Thank you.
Let me start. Thanks for the questions, by the way, Albert. Let me start with the question around sort of the retail side of the business in terms of, I guess you mentioned one of our peers wants to focus on the retail business. This is something which, you know, I think VNET has the history, but also has built up the infrastructure to be able to service the customers. A more complicated, actually, customer needs of the retail customers. It's not as simple as saying it's a retail customer, but using a colo model to service them. We're very confident of the fact that we have a distinct competitive advantage in that.
We show in each of the quarters the ability to not only keep but also then continue to add the retail customers to our base. Secondly, I think more importantly, and this is what Samuel was referring to earlier on, is the value-added services. It again, it's not just to sell a retail customer a colo service. The whole reason why it is a very attractive proposition for them to come to VNET in the first place is the ability for them to come and do a one-stop shop, a full stack of services not having to deal with three, four, five different vendors of the service. I think that's a distinct advantage, which also then adds to the stickiness of the customer once they've come into our data centers.
The second part of the question in terms of the, I guess, customer demand pricing side, maybe Samuel, if you want to give a little bit of color to Albert.
Yes. First of all, I would say first and foremost, it is great to have a dual-core strategy, basically to help us, the IDC service provider, to balance our, I would say, resources and priorities. Resources are finite, while the opportunities are infinite. When our peer companies and, you know, focus switch to the retail to a certain degree endorse our strategy, it is true that we're seeing the greater market opportunities and momentum in the retail front. You know, IDC's business overall, the wholesale and retail are sort of like, you know, kind of different kind of a way to look at it from a spectrum perspective.
One, focus on the quantity, while the other focus on the qualities. The wholesale business give us a greater predictability and also give us the scale. While the retail, probably give us, a very healthy margin and also the stickiness of the customers. To a certain degree, it is easier for retail business to go wholesale, while it is super hard, for the wholesale to enter into the retail because you have to have the relationship with the customers. You have to have the track records. You have to have the great networking capabilities and coverage. You have to have the whole bunch of value-added services. Your sales structure, compensation package, skill set is gonna be so different. It's not just about one company wanna go to retail.
Actually, every single IDC service providers wanna have the dual-core growth engine, in my opinion. It is hard. Again, I would say, in a given period of time, you know, everybody wanna do a wholesale business. On the other hand, you know, when there's a storm coming to the wholesale front, and then a lot of companies wanna go to retail as well. I would say, we're very fortunate to have a balanced strategy. Of course, as I mentioned earlier, we're super bullish about the future, but we're cautious about every single step we're taking, because resources are finite, so we wanna make sure that we can optimize for the better investment return.
Hopefully that gives Albert Hung some of the additional color for the questions. Thank you.
Thank you. In the interest of time, we'll now take the last questions from Guohan Wang of Daiwa. Please go ahead.
Hello. Thanks, management, for the opportunity. My first question is regarding the delivery schedule. As we are being more cautious about the near-term outlook, is our capacity addition more back-loaded in 2022? What's our view on the utilization ramp up in the second half of 2022? My second question is about the recent COVID progress. We see certain cases in Shanghai region and also the other regions. What's our view on the impact from capacity delivery in these regions?
As we are expanding our accounts to be a more diversified customer mix, is more better if we provide more revenue mix on Shanghai and the Beijing region? Thanks.
Okay. Let me take the first question, Guohan. Thank you very much for the question itself. In terms of the capacity, yes, I am expecting that more of the range of cabinets we're aiming to deliver will be in the latter part of the year. Next quarter, we'll be able to give you or give the market, as in previous quarters, a clear guidance on how much of it we're expecting within first half and versus how much of it will be in the second half of the year.
It is very much in line with what was the case last year in that things will be more back-ended as we are taking a more cautious approach in terms of how quickly we deliver new capacity, while we actually have our main focus is making sure that we ramp up the existing capacity. That leads to the second question, which is kind of what we're expecting in terms of the ramp and overall utilization rate trend.
I would say that we should see a dip, as I mentioned before, in the early part of the year, and that will slowly then increase during the course of the year to the end part of the year, as the ramp-up continues across all of our different data centers. Samuel, do you wanna take I guess the question around. I think there were some questions around sort of customers move-in rates ramp-up progress?
No, I think you covered that pretty well.
Okay.
No additional comment from me.
Okay. Thanks, Guohan.
Thank you, management. Ladies and gentlemen, that concludes our conference for today. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect your lines.