Greetings. Welcome to the Walmart Fiscal Year 2023 second quarter earnings call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. The question and answer session will follow the formal presentation. If anyone today should require operator assistance during the conference, please press star zero from your telephone keypad. Please note this conference is being recorded. At this time, I'll turn the conference over to Dan Binder, Senior Vice President, Investor Relations. Dan, you may begin.
Thank you, Rob. Good morning, and welcome to Walmart's second quarter fiscal 2023 earnings call. I'm joined by members of our executive team, including Doug McMillon, Walmart's President and CEO, John David Rainey, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, John Furner, President and CEO of Walmart U.S., Judith McKenna, President and CEO of Walmart International, and Kath McLay, President and CEO of Sam's Club. In a few moments, Doug and John David will provide you an update on the business and discuss second quarter results. That will be followed by our question and answer session. Before I turn the call over to Doug, let me remind you that today's call is being recorded and will include forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from these statements.
These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the factors identified in our filings with the SEC. Please review our press release and accompanying slide presentation for a cautionary statement regarding forward-looking statements, as well as our entire safe harbor statement and non-GAAP reconciliations on our website at stock.walmart.com. It's now my pleasure to turn the call over to Doug McMillon.
Good morning, and thanks for joining us. A few weeks ago, we updated you on our expectations for how we would perform in Q2 and for the year. The second quarter finished stronger than we had anticipated, and John David will touch on that in a moment and provide more detail for the back half of the year. Our sales were well ahead of plan with inflation lifting our average transaction size, but we know that the amount and persistence of inflation is negatively affecting many families. From the U.S. to Mexico to Canada to Chile, they're prioritizing how they spend their money. We're pleased to see more families from a variety of income levels choose us as they look for value. Our purpose is to save people money and help them live better, and that's especially important right now.
After the first quarter, we shared how the environment had changed. The cost of food and fuel, a heavier mix of sales in food and consumables, and excess inventory in general merchandise categories were among the most challenging items for us at the time. As we moved through Q2, food inflation continued to tick up, and we continued to see a heavier mix of sales in food and consumables in many of our markets, and that put pressure on margins overall. Food comps in the U.S. were up mid-teens for the quarter, with units in food slightly negative and about flat exiting the quarter, even with double-digit inflation. Another weight on margins has been the number of markdowns we've taken. Starting back in March, we knew we needed to act quickly and aggressively in some categories, and we have.
We've made good progress to reduce inventory levels where we've focused and taken markdowns. The aggressive approach we took to move through apparel, in particular, put financial pressure on us, but it helped relieve pressure on our stores and through our supply chain. We're making good progress to reduce costs. We've reduced the number of shipping containers in our system, for example, by more than half from the Q1 level and are now much closer to our historical averages. We're also managing pricing to reflect our fully landed costs. The merchants are adjusting by category to reflect where we expect demand to be. We had our U.S. store manager meeting last week, and among other topics, we shared examples of items where we're holding prices down or rolling them back. Those tend to be opening price point, private brand, food and consumables items.
We want to help families put meals on the table with Great Value and our other private brands to relieve the pressure they're feeling. The quality, value, and convenience we offer makes Walmart a smart choice, and we're seeing more middle and higher-income shoppers choose us. As I've been in U.S. stores recently, I'm pleased how we've executed back to school. As we finish it off in some markets, we've transitioned to back to college in the appropriate stores with items like mini refrigerators, floor-length mirrors, and futons. In July, I got to visit our associates in India. After visits to Flipkart, Myntra, and PhonePe, a Flipkart fulfillment center, and a Kirana to see how they're using PhonePe, I left even more excited about what's happening in these businesses and what's to come.
Having visited several of our international markets this year, I'm pleased by how connected we are now and how so much of what we're building is common across markets as we scale marketplace businesses and fulfillment, advertising, and financial services, and take steps to make a bigger difference in healthcare. As I look ahead, I expect a strong finish to the back-to-school season and will quickly transition to the holidays. Our fall and holiday products look great. There's a lot of newness, and we've got a strong position in opening price points across categories. From Halloween to Christmas to Flipkart's Big Billion Days, we'll be ready. We'll have a cleaner inventory position, and we'll have a strong seasonal presence. We expect inflation to continue to influence the choices that families make, and we're adjusting to that reality so we can help them more.
Regardless of the inflation level, and as we work through the places we have too much inventory, we continue to make progress on our strategy. We're becoming more digital, even more relevant as an omnichannel retailer, and the related businesses like fulfillment and advertising continue to grow. We're building a different business, and we're making progress. Let's move on to our operating segments. I'll start with Walmart U.S. The strong comps we see in food and consumables are leading to market share gains. Pickup and delivery are strong, growth is improving on walmart.com, including the Marketplace, and more people are choosing to be a Walmart+ member or step up to InHome. Walmart+ is an important component of our plan. We announced the addition of a streaming benefit. Walmart+ members will receive a Paramount+ subscription at no additional cost as part of their Walmart+ membership in September.
The premium streaming service offers a broad content offering with original series, movies, family shows and live sports. We're excited about the coming launch, and we know our members will be, too. Beyond membership, the team is also working on getting items to customers faster while lowering the cost of delivery through a significant increase in the number of orders fulfilled by stores. We've increased this volume by nearly 40% from a year ago. Speed matters, whether it's how quickly we get items to customers or how quickly we scale new businesses. Our white label delivery platform service, Walmart GoLocal, will celebrate its one-year anniversary later this month. Powered by our Spark Driver platform, I'm excited about the growth I've seen so far and the expectations looking ahead. We passed 1 million deliveries so far with GoLocal.
We expect to have about 5,000 pickup locations by year-end, and client satisfaction scores are strong. We continue to sign up larger scale customers, and we're making strides on the bigger unlock, which are small and medium-sized businesses. Our technology and expertise will help so many of these businesses grow while contributing to our operating margins over time. Advertising is also performing well. In Walmart U.S., the Walmart Connect team continues to deliver more value to the suppliers and sellers who advertise with us. Improvements to search and our large first-party shopper data have led to performance improvements for our advertisers both year-over-year and sequentially. We've seen the number of active advertisers investing with us increase 121% over last year.
Even more encouraging, these improvements have supported the overall site experience for our customers by helping them find the right products or discover new ones that are most relevant to them. As you've heard us say before, advertising is a global priority for us. We continue to see strong growth in markets outside the U.S., like India and Mexico. Turning to Sam's Club in the U.S., comp sales were strong again for Q2, up 10%, marking the tenth consecutive quarter of double-digit comp growth. Similar to Walmart, gross profit was pressured for the quarter on higher than normal markdown activity to clear through excess inventory. We'll continue to make progress as we move through Q3, and we'll be in good shape as we enter the holiday season. We like what we see in terms of membership.
Total counts are up about 9% over last year, and the penetration of Plus members continues to climb. Moving on to Walmart International, where we performed well again in Q2 with sales up nearly 10%, including double-digit comps in the three largest markets of Mexico, Canada, and China. We're also accelerating our digital businesses, including strong e-commerce growth over the last two years. Mexico's up 31%, Canada 32%, and China 152%. We see this growth even as customers choose to do more in-person shopping. It really shows the power of operating across multiple channels. Like the U.S., we see the effects of inflation come through in how people are shopping. In Mexico, we saw all formats perform well, and Bodega was especially strong with comps above the overall Walmex average.
We widened our price gaps for Bodega by 140 basis points in Q2, and we're seeing more customers shopping this format. While inflation remains high, most of our markets are growing comps ahead of inflation. I'm proud that we're helping families access the things they need at more affordable prices. I'll close today by thanking our associates for all they do every day to support our customers and members. I'd also like to welcome John David Rainey for his first earnings call with us. With that, I'll turn it over to him.
Thanks, Doug. I'd like to start by thanking our customers, associates, and partners for helping us deliver another strong sales quarter. We're moving a lot of volume through our business, and I'm proud of how our associate team has responded in serving customers as we manage through this unique period. We delivered strong top-line growth with total constant currency revenue up more than 9% in the second quarter. Sales were strong across all segments, particularly in food and consumables. Customers are increasingly choosing Walmart to help them save money as they deal with broad inflationary pressures. As we navigate the current environment, we know that we're not immune to large macroeconomic shifts. We're facing similar cost pressures that others are seeing related to excess inventory, fuel prices, and supply chain. Our business model is structurally sound, and our market position is strong.
As the year has progressed, we've seen more pronounced consumer shifts and trade-down activity. As an example, instead of deli meats at higher price points, customers are increasing purchases of hot dogs as well as canned tuna or chicken. Private brand penetration has also inflected higher, and in food categories specifically, the private brand growth rate doubled compared to Q1 levels. We'll continue to manage pricing for customers in a way that preserves our price gaps and allows us to earn market share profitably. We've been very focused on managing controllable costs and consequently achieved expense leverage across all three segments in Q2, even though we haven't fully lapped the wage investments implemented last year.
During the quarter, we also made progress reducing inventory, managing prices to reflect certain supply chain costs and inflation, and reducing storage costs associated with the backlog of shipping containers. We're encouraged by the initial steps taken by some suppliers to help us reduce product acquisition cost. We've taken similar steps to manage our support and overhead costs too, and we're achieving significant savings in procurement of goods not for resale. In our stores and fulfillment and distribution centers, we've seen labor productivity metrics improve. We're finding efficiencies and reducing expenses while still focusing on operational excellence. I want to spend a moment discussing inventory. As a backdrop, the shifts that we've seen in consumer behavior through the pandemic, shifting from in-store to online, along with big swings in the purchase of goods versus services, and then the reversion back to pre-pandemic norms, have been sharp and difficult to predict.
These trends have been exacerbated by inflationary pressure on the consumer that many of us have not experienced in our lifetime, the effect of which has recently changed consumption patterns in certain categories for us, notably general merchandise. The result of all of this put pressure on our inventory levels that peaked in the last quarter. Importantly, the team has a deep understanding of our inventory levels and content and have made a lot of progress during the last quarter. In-stock levels have improved about 250 basis points since Q1 in our grocery business alone, despite the heavy sales volumes we're experiencing. We also made progress selling through excess inventory, especially in hardline categories. At the end of Q2, Walmart U.S. inventory growth was 26% versus last year, reflecting over 750 basis points of improvement from Q1 levels.
Notably, about 40% of the year-over-year increase relates to inflation. General merchandise inventory growth rates are down more than 15 percentage points from Q1, but still with more work to do. We've cleared most summer seasonal inventory, but we are still focused on reducing exposure to other areas as electronics, home, and sporting goods. We've also canceled $ billions in orders to help align inventory levels with expected demand. We estimate that only about 15% of our total inventory growth in Q2 is still above optimal levels, and our actions in Q3 will allow us to make significant progress toward rationalizing absolute levels and mix, which will enable our stores to be well-positioned ahead of the holiday season. Despite the short-term challenges we're facing this year, we continue to advance our Flywheel strategy and diversify our income streams.
For example, the global advertising business grew nearly 30% in Q2, led by Walmart Connect and Flipkart, as new advertisers turn to Walmart to deepen relationships with customers. We now have over 240 million items in our U.S. e-commerce assortment, and our marketplace seller count has increased about 60% year-over-year. We continue to sign on more customers to our Data Ventures offering and the number of Walmart+ memberships continues to grow. We're also excited about the build-out of automation and technology throughout our business and how it will continue to help drive greater efficiency. Through my first couple of months here, I've been able to get out and visit our stores and see our distribution and fulfillment centers and witness the supply chain automation and technology that we're putting in our stores and centers.
One example is the VizPick technology that we've rolled out to our associates across U.S. stores. This tool uses augmented reality to speed the inventory management process, enabling associates to get needed product from the back room to the sales floor more efficiently. This not only saves associate time, but also helps avoid missing sales through sidecounter out of stocks. It's a win-win. In summary, our business is resilient, and with the omni capabilities we've built, we're better positioned now than we were in prior periods of economic softness. Now let's get to some additional Q2 financial details. As mentioned previously, each of our segments delivered strong sales growth. Walmart U.S. comp sales accelerated to 6.5% growth, reflecting strong grocery sales at a higher average ticket size.
International constant currency sales were up 9.9% with strength in Mexico, Canada, and China, while Sam's Club U.S. delivered comps of 10% excluding fuel and tobacco. Consolidated gross margin rate decreased 132 basis points, reflecting increased markdowns and unfavorable mix shifts in our U.S. businesses. Sam's Club gross profit was also negatively affected by a LIFO charge due to higher inflation. On the expense side, selling, general, and administrative expenses leveraged 45 basis points, helped by higher sales, partially offset by the U.S. wage investments implemented last year. Operating income decreased 6.8% and adjusted EPS was $1.77. Two discrete items positively affected our results. Operating income benefited from a favorable insurance settlement of $173 million during the quarter.
Adjusted EPS also benefited from this, as well as a $182 million special dividend from one of our equity investments. Operating cash flow was $9.2 billion, reflecting lower operating income, higher inventory amounts due in part to inflation, and the timing of certain payments. During the quarter, we returned $4.9 billion to shareholders through dividend and share repurchase. Through Q2, we are ahead of pace on our original share repurchase plan for this year and now expect to repurchase $10 billion-$11 billion in shares for fiscal year 2023. Now let's discuss segment results. Walmart US comp sales momentum continued with growth excluding fuel of 11.7% on a two-year stack. Food sales were especially strong with mid-teens growth, while general merchandise sales were soft, particularly in electronics, apparel, and home.
Transactions increased 1% while average ticket increased 5.5%. We were pleased to see e-commerce sales growth improve sequentially, up 12% year-over-year in Q2 and 18% on a two-year stack. SG&A expenses leveraged 21 basis points, reflecting higher sales and lower COVID costs, partially offset by the wage investments. The team did a nice job pivoting the expense structure so the scheduling challenges from Q1 did not repeat. Gross margin pressure led to a decline in operating income of about 7%. International had another really good quarter. Sales were strong, up 9.9% in constant currency. Currency headwinds negatively affected reported sales results by about $1 billion. Each of our major markets delivered positive comp sales, with Mexico and China leading the way.
E-commerce sales on a constant currency basis grew 15% on top of strong gains last year. Comp sales in Mexico increased nearly 11% with strong growth in stores as well as e-commerce sales, which grew 18%. The team is doing a good job reinforcing our price message and positioning as customers manage through this inflationary period. In China, comp sales were up more than 14%, with strong growth in e-commerce sales, which increased 77% in the quarter and more than 150% on a two-year stack. E-commerce penetration continues to climb in both our Sam's Clubs and hypermarket stores as customers increasingly choose omni solutions to meet their shopping needs. Canada comp sales increased more than 10% even as higher levels of inflation are starting to pressure consumer spending in discretionary and general merchandise categories.
Flipkart continues to meet our expectations and the team is gearing up for Big Billion Days. I traveled to India last month and was impressed by how the Flipkart and PhonePe teams are innovating for the customer and driving growth. PhonePe continued to see strong growth with annualized TPV of over $830 billion, reaching a record level of monthly transactions of about 3.1 billion. International operating income in constant currency increased more than 28%, partially attributable to the previously mentioned insurance recovery for prior operational disruptions in Chile. Sam's Club had another strong sales quarter with comp sales up 10% excluding fuel and tobacco, an increase of more than 20% on a two-year stack. Transactions increased 9.8%. E-commerce sales grew 25% with strong contributions from both curbside and ship-to-home orders.
Membership income was up nearly 9% with another record high quarter in overall member counts and continued growth in Plus member penetration. Sam's added more new members in Q2 than any other quarter in recent years, benefiting from membership campaigns. Sam's leveraged expenses 131 basis points, including fuel, and 72 basis points excluding fuel, due primarily to higher sales and lower COVID costs. Gross margins were down as elevated markdowns, supply chain, and fulfillment costs, and a 70 basis point inflation-related LIFO charge pressured profitability. As a result, operating income declined about 35%. Now let's turn to guidance. With the updated financial guidance we released last month, we outlined the pressures that led us to take a more conservative outlook for the current year profitability. Let me take a minute to provide you with more detail.
When we provided guidance three months ago, we didn't expect food and fuel inflation to accelerate to the levels that we experienced in Q2. In fact, Walmart U.S. food inflation was up double digits year-over-year, and we saw a nearly 400 basis points step-up as the quarter progressed compared to levels at the end of Q1. The rising cost for essential items and customers' reprioritization of spending led to significant mix shifts in our business. Grocery sales mix increased nearly 300 basis points, whereas general merchandise sales mix decreased more than 350 basis points. This resulted in additional general merchandise markdowns in our U.S. business, particularly in apparel, at a time when inventory clearance was already higher than expected in the industry. Higher fuel prices also pressured our supply chain expense.
We finished the quarter on a strong note, however, and ahead of our updated Q2 guidance provided last month. The Q3 back-to-school season is off to a solid start. Contributing factors to the better performance included strong sales at the end of the month with good flow-through to the bottom line and lower than expected supply chain cost. We're taking additional pricing actions in Q3 to improve inventory levels in the back half of the year, and we built in more conservative category mix assumptions within our guidance. Our sales and profit view reflects trends we've seen year-to-date, as well as the uncertainty around inflation and consumer spending in the coming quarters. We've updated our fiscal year 2023 guidance to reflect the better Q2 results versus the guidance we provided in July.
We continue to believe the sales and profit guidance we provided at the time for the back half of the year appropriately reflects elevated uncertainty in this environment and is our best view of expected performance. For Q3, we expect net sales growth of about 5%, including comp sales growth of about 3% for Walmart U.S. We're expecting operating income to decline 8%-10% and adjusted EPS to decline 9%-11%. For fiscal year 2023, we expect net sales growth of about 4.5%, including comp sales growth of about 4% for Walmart U.S. We expect adjusted operating income and EPS to decline 9%-11%. Excluding the effect of divestitures, this would translate into net sales growth of 5.5% and a decline in adjusted operating income and EPS of 8%-10%.
Before I close, I'd like to share my perspective as someone that is new to Walmart in meeting many of you for the first time. I'm excited to join the company at such an opportunistic and transformational time. Certainly, retail broadly is being pressured right now, but that shouldn't detract from the incredible opportunity that we have in front of us. It starts with our mission of helping people save money so they can live better. We do that every day at a scale that is unmatched by helping people be able to buy the things that they want and they need. This mission permeates our culture in everything that we do. I've joined an exceptional leadership team. Their history of operational excellence, their strategy, the drive to win is simply something that I wanted to be a part of.
You combine that with the resources we have and the investments we're making in things like supply chain automation, improving our e-commerce capabilities, and diversifying our portfolio with higher-margin products and services like data and advertising that will result in more durable earning streams as they scale. We have the potential to not only be relevant in the next chapter of retail, but help define it. When we execute on these things, we have the ability to appreciably increase our shareholder value over time. I believe that some of the best days of Walmart are in front of us. I look forward to working with you, and now I would be happy to take any of your questions. Thank you.
Thank you. We'll now be conducting a question and answer session. If you'd like to ask a question today, please press star one from your telephone keypad and a confirmation tone indicates you're entered in the question queue. You may press star two if you'd like to remove your question from the queue. If you're using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star key. So that we address questions for as many participants as possible, we ask you please limit yourself to one question. Thank you. Our first question is from the line of Robert Ohmes with Guggenheim Securities. Please go ahead with your question.
Good morning. John David Rainey, welcome. Congratulations.
Thank you.
I have maybe two quick questions, if I could. The first one, I think, Doug, you mentioned that, you know, sort of middle and higher income shoppers, you know, are choosing Walmart. Just wondering if you can elaborate some more on the trade down to Walmart that is allowing you to take market share in grocery. The second question is, just wondering if you could, you know, give us a little bit more flavor in what you're seeing, what you saw sort of with sales late in the quarter and what you're really seeing so far, early Q3. Thanks.
Yeah. Hi, Bob. This is Doug. I'll kick it off and then ask John to comment. In the Walmart U.S. business, we have seen mid- to higher-income customers come to Walmart looking for value, as you would expect. Food and consumables in particular are places where they're looking to save some money. That's not a total surprise. I think the strength of it is encouraging. As it relates to the end of the quarter, there were several things going on. You know, fuel prices started to move a little bit. Back to school was strong. This income phenomenon that you pointed to also provided some strength to the last week or so of the last month of the quarter, which was a little different than the pattern that we had seen in the first two months of the quarter.
Yeah. No, it was a bit different than May and June for sure, and it has led to the beginning of Q3 being stronger in places like back-to-school. Food and consumables continue their momentum. I think the big number really changed in late Q2, early Q3. Traffic count was a bit stronger than what we'd seen in the preceding two months.
We were laughing before the call started today about some of the anecdotal stuff that's going on. You know, it won't surprise you that backpacks are strong, for example, but it does surprise us how strong men's flannel is. We've got a program that's just under $12. I've bought two of them personally, and it's a great value. At the same time, some of our clearance price points have gotten really low. We're trying to work through what we would call season code 2 apparel, and we've got new stuff selling well. It's almost like you can point to different areas to kinda make the case for what you want the sales story to be.
Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Kate McShane with Goldman Sachs. Please proceed with your question.
Hi. Good morning. Thanks for taking our question. Our question is centered around markdowns. We're curious if the level of markdowns that plan to be taken in Q3 will be at a similar level as what you did for Q2. It sounds like inventory will be much cleaner by Q4, but it seems like there's still a lot of inventory in the industry and the consumer that might need to be motivated by promotions given the amount of inflation. How should we think about the markdown environment then in Q4, even in the context of cleaner inventory at Walmart?
Hey, Kate, this is Doug. Thanks for the question. I think what we should do is hear from John. We've made progress. John, why don't you go first, but let's also hear from Kath and from Judith.
Good morning, Kate. Now to start with the second quarter, from the end of Q1 and beginning Q2, there was some definite progress in inventory, about 750 basis points of improvement. We viewed Q2 as being most urgent to clear through the apparel and summer seasonal that we needed out of the way and sold before Q3 really began to arrive. We certainly made progress in apparel. There's more work to be done in inventory in general with a 25% increase and about 40% of that inflation and the remaining does two things. One, it helps us in terms of in-stock. We were out of stock last year all throughout the year, so we have made improvements on in-stock. I think our results in many categories reflect improvements in availability and in-stock.
There is some backlog that we continue to work through. At the end of Q1, we said this would take a couple quarters to work through. I would just reiterate that remains true. We'll continue to leave room to make sure that we manage our inventory levels well and head into a position in Q4 in the end of the year that we'll be proud of.
I think the fact that we were so lean last year, combined with how much inflation impacted the number, has kind of been lost in the story a bit. It's true that we've got too much inventory and that created markdown pressure, particularly in Walmart U.S. apparel. When we look at the overall inventory, as John David's already commented today, it's not like the vast majority of it is merchandise that we didn't want. We just were turning goods a year ago and the year before that, frankly, at such a high level that we needed that inventory just to fill side counters and to fill our features.
That's right. In 2020, 2021, we would have had record sell-throughs in seasonal categories with very few markdowns at the end of seasons. Of course, there is some normalization to get back to where we might have been before the pandemic began. Again, we still need some time to work through the remaining excess inventory.
We're repeating ourselves, but the level and the pace at which inflation changed in the first quarter and that continued in food and consumables into the second just caused behavior to flip fast, and that caused apparel to be more difficult than what we anticipated, and that's where the dollars markdown pressure came from. Kath, you want to go next?
Yeah. I'd probably just say, you know, if I look at our inventory position at the moment, for the last two years, like we talked about, we've had 10 quarters of double-digit comps. For the last two years, we've struggled to stay in front of having enough inventory. We're off a deflated base when you look at what our current position is. This year, then also you have the contraction with inflation. What we've seen is that we've got really good quality inventory. We're really happy with what the seasonal sets we've got. Halloween looks fantastic. Back to school, back to college has been good. Tailgating has been great.
I think what I would say is in our number in this quarter, a portion of it has been markdowns and a portion of it is actually an inventory reserve because we wanted to get in front of it and just make sure that we put aside the money for Q3 so that we can have a really strong Q3 kind of result. That's how we've addressed markdowns in Q2.
Yeah. For international, we saw some good progress on inventory quarter-over-quarter. Some of that helped by the FX position on that, but underlying, as well. I think, you know, as I look at it, about 75% of our increase year-over-year is absolutely planned for. As you've heard, that leanness that we had last year is really coming through. I think that's a theme for everybody. We just didn't have enough inventory at that time. That leaves about 25% of it, which is some GM categories in a couple of markets specifically, which would be Chile and Canada. But I'm very comfortable with the way that the markets have dealt with that. Just as a reminder, for at least Chile, our quarter end is a month earlier than the enterprise quarter end.
We're already seeing some of that clearance happening for that market.
Our next question comes from the line of Peter Benedict with Baird. Please proceed with your question.
Hi. Good morning, guys. Thanks for taking the question. Just want to talk a little bit about grocery, the strength there, particularly in food. Can you talk about pricing, how you're managing that? I know units, it looks like they were down for the quarter, but improving, I guess, flattish as you exited the quarter. Just how are you thinking about pricing relative to units? What's the promotional environment you're seeing within grocery? Just how the grocery strength is split in store versus online and curbside. Thank you.
Hey, morning, Peter. It's John. Let me take your question in parts for just a second here. I mean, first, value is always top of mind when it comes to us and deciding how we want to serve customers. You know, we'll always lean on the value for the customers above other things. What we wanna do and what we've tried to do throughout this entire period is go up as late as possible. We certainly have been passing prices through. When we see things like landed cost of goods going up, those have to be passed through. We're managing our supply costs as well as we can. Units did strengthen throughout the quarter, particularly in July, late July. I think you heard that earlier.
Seeing some positive units there was refreshing given how we had started the quarter. Fuel prices were coming down, so we think that could have had some of an impact as well. In terms of the market
We're really focused on everyday low price. We have a strong rollback campaign all across the store, which would include food, consumables, and general merchandise. In general, just across the food categories, our availability improvements, I think you can see in stores more consistently and across categories. Just you'll remember this time last year, we had pockets of out of stocks that kept emerging. That's the only one that we really faced in the second quarter in a big way was baby formula, which is now improving. The unit story is one, the transaction count being up a little in this environment is also important to call out. You know, the average basket was way up, but it's great to see transactions grow in the Walmart U.S. business also.
Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Stephanie Wissink with Jefferies. Steph, your question.
Thank you. Good day, everyone. I wanted to follow up, Doug, on your comments regarding how the basket is shifting for consumers. I think you mentioned in the proteins category and even some areas of private label strengthening. Can you take us into the household budgeting that you're seeing with respect to your transaction structure? I'm looking at your guidance for the back half. Maybe a follow-up would be what you're assuming in terms of the basket composition by class of good or even within private label versus national brand. Thank you so much.
Yeah, John, you jump in here too. I think what you should take away from Q3 and Q4 guidance is that we're expecting the environment to look a lot like Q2. As it relates to the choices people are making, the thing I would call out, John, is variety. Like, you've got all kinds of income levels shopping in different ways, and we've seen strength in some categories. It's really encouraging. For those that are under the most pressure, that are most price sensitive, private brands are stronger, pack sizes are different. Opening price points, John, you might talk a little bit about that, what you saw at the holiday meeting, looking ahead for things like the Thanksgiving meal. The team's doing a great job of protecting opening price points for people that are most price conscious.
Yes, Steph. You know, I was thinking back, well, one of the meetings we had in New York in 2020, we talked a lot about serving customers flexibly as we developed the different businesses. Just to tag on to Doug's comments, serving customers in store is something we have prided ourselves on a long time. Our pickup business continues to grow, delivery is growing with Walmart+. The variety of ways that we can serve customers, I think, has been helpful, especially given the number of shifts customers have had in their lives the last couple of years from working at home and then many, in many cases back out into the workplace. As customers change, we can serve them in a number of ways.
When you then click into products, our wide portfolio of products, both in e-commerce and in stores, including the numbers you heard from John David earlier in Marketplace, give us ability to serve a wide range of customers. As Doug mentioned last week, we had all of our managers together in Denver, which is always a fun, exciting experience to get the team together. What I heard consistently is that the team is doing a very nice job balancing out how to improve quality and sell higher price points and remaining focused on opening price points. You know, having Thanksgiving meals in a position where you can buy an entire meal for under $50 for a family of four is exciting.
There's a value play, there's a quality play, and wherever the customer goes and how things shifts, we'll be ready to serve them. We're building the capabilities to be able to do that at will.
Steph, I would just add, this is John David. As it relates to our guidance, in the back half of the year, the swings that we've seen in consumer behavior have been difficult to predict, and the pace at which they've happened has been sharp. Our guidance for the back half really just assumes no change in what we're seeing in the second quarter in terms of mix changes in our business.
Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Michael Lasser with UBS. Please proceed with your question.
Good morning. Thanks a lot for taking my question, and welcome, John David.
Thank you.
Walmart's been experiencing some discrete and arguably temporary factors that are weighing on its profitability this year, including staffing issues in Q1 and the well-documented inventory issues. Looking towards next year when some of these inflationary pressures, inflationary cost pressures are gonna seemingly roll back and you have moved through some of the challenges and the underlying drivers of the alternative operating profit growth should continue, why wouldn't Walmart be in a good position to generate growth above its long-term algorithm in 2023?
Sure. I'll take that, Michael. Thanks for the question. You're right. Certainly, we've incurred some costs this year that are more, call it one time in nature related to the supply chain and higher inflation. But, you know, it's difficult to predict how long that will persist. Certainly, the inventory situation has gotten better, but the effect on the mix changes in our business that are, you know, largely the result of higher inflation, and that may persist for some time. We're being cautious with respect to the outlook. We're obviously not giving guidance for next year right now. But look, what I'd point you to is the conviction that we have in our long-term plan has not changed, has not wavered.
When you look at the long-term plan that was laid out by the management team previously in terms of what we're doing with the Flywheel strategy, the ability to grow operating income faster than revenue, and you look at that over a multi-year basis, we have as much conviction today as we did when we laid that out. You know, very excited about the future. You know, the short-term period, this is a moment in time, and we're being cautious with respect to the outlook because there's a lot that we don't know.
Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Edward Yruma with Piper Sandler. Please proceed with your question.
Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking the question. John David, curious from your perspective, given your most recent stop on Walmart's advertising and fintech businesses, I know you have a lot of experience from PayPal on that. How do you assess kind of where they're at today and kind of, how do you think about their longer term growth opportunity? Thank you.
Sure. I appreciate the question. Well, certainly I am a believer in what's happening in digital payments, fintech broadly, and the secular tailwinds that exist there with consumer behavior moving more digital, more online. If you look at the investments that Walmart's been making, they're in those areas, whether it be expanding their e-commerce capabilities, their marketplaces, even getting into financial services. As I have an early peek into what the company is doing, I've got to say I'm very impressed with the broad capabilities and the resources devoted to this. I think it's a huge opportunity for Walmart going forward. Frankly, one of the reasons that I'm so excited to be part of this and help shape this outcome.
Maybe it's worth adding on financial services, PhonePe in India. You heard that we were there recently, and John David Rainey, you were there with us as well and got to visit the business there. It was, you'll have seen from the, scripts that we had today that they grew their annualized TPV to $830 billion. Last quarter, that was $770 billion. Really good progress there. They're also now got monthly transactions of 3.1 billion a month, which is, incredible. I think what's really encouraging with the way that they're approaching this space is, they're looking not only at payments, but also at merchant services, and that two-sided network is an important part of that.
Equally starting to expand into financial services as well, with a real focus at the moment on insurance and pushing that. Their knowledge and the ability to share that knowledge around the world, and help other markets such as Mexico from a best practices, what they should be looking at, has been incredibly invaluable and one of the real benefits of being a global company.
I'll just add, Judith, that I shared the excitement that we all had when we went to India and met with the team. To put it in perspective what PhonePe is doing, if you look at the largest digital payments companies outside of China in the world, PhonePe, after you know, a very brief history, is already roughly two-thirds the size of that in what is going to be the largest market in the world in a very short period of time. It's a really exciting opportunity.
Sure. I think you also asked about advertising. The relationship between digital growth, marketplace growth, advertising is something that, you know, we're trying to take advantage of. In the case of the U.S. business, the ability to attribute sales later on to in-store transactions makes us uniquely positioned. We've made a few enhancements lately for people that are consuming advertising from us.
We have, Doug, and you know, knowing more about customers and the way they shop, you know, knowing more about them in retail is important. The growth in pickup and delivery, the growth in Plus, the growth in marketplace and in commerce all help us be able to identify the right sellers and suppliers that we can connect, hence the term Walmart, the name Walmart Connect. We can connect them together to have an environment where not only is it accretive to the profit and loss statement, but more importantly, accretive to the customer experience and help them get to exactly what they're looking for.
I can't remember a business with the margin structure of the advertising business here at Walmart, and having 30% growth for the quarter was nice to have.
Our next question is from the line of Kelly Bania with BMO Capital Markets. Please proceed with your question.
Hi, good morning, and I'll add my welcome to you, John David.
Thank you, Kelly.
Lots of comments on the inventory, but just had a couple more. Can you clarify the dollar amount of inventory that you estimate would be excess? Can you help us understand how much of that is in apparel or other categories and the magnitude of markdown that you expect to clear through that and the timing of when you expect to get back to a clean position? I guess to follow up on that, do you at all think that this discounting from you and others in the industry could pull forward some demand from the second half, and have you considered that into your second half guidance?
Sure. I'll take a stab at that, Kelly. If you think about just take the U.S. inventory increase in the second quarter of $11 billion. If you decompose that, about 40% of that is due to inflation. You know, don't think units, think just dollars. You look, as Doug noted, at things like the fact that we're growing as a company, that we've had less in stock next year, and you normalize for all of that, you really whittle that down to about $1.5 billion of inventory that if we could just wave a magic wand, we'd make go away today. The fact is we'll sell that. If we were to start from scratch, that's what we'd get rid of.
In terms of the types, as John noted, the inventory issues were most acute in apparel in the second quarter. As we look into the third quarter, I'd say it's home, electronics, and apparel are probably the areas that stand out the most.
Our next question is coming from the line of Simeon Gutman with Morgan Stanley. Please proceed with your question.
Good morning, everyone. Still focusing on gross margin. The U.S. gross was down about 106 or so or 7 in the second quarter.
Can you comment how much is mix versus markdown? To us, it looks like the mix is not getting any worse, if that's fair. The clearance levels in Q3 versus Q2, will the clearance/markdown occupy a greater proportion in the third quarter versus the second?
Sure. Simeon, I'll take a stab at that as well, and John might wanna jump in. I'll just point you to the 132 basis point decline overall in gross margin. There's really three things that I would say in order of magnitude that contributed to about, call it two-thirds to 75% of that. Number one would be markdowns. Number two is mix, and number three is the LIFO charge that we talked about in Sam's. There's all the various puts and takes that round out the balance of that. As it relates to markdowns in the third quarter, look, we feel like we're in a better inventory position, and those are obviously very related.
We would hope that we're not gonna see the level of markdowns that we experienced in the second quarter. You know, that's assuming that nothing changes with the consumer. As we noted, we're being cautious on the outlook and we'll wait to see what happens.
In the U.S., Simeon, this is John. In the U.S., we did not have the LIFO charge, so a larger percentage of our markdown issue would have been in apparel. We still have a bit more to work through, but we're close if you compare to where we might have been before two years ago. We're getting close to a position where apparel's behind us. That was the issue that throughout Q2 we spent the most time worrying about because we need to move through it because the goods have been purchased a long way out.
Regarding the rest, in Q1 and then in Q2, as the backlog of containers worked itself through, that has created a lot of what the issue is today, where we have goods that we would have liked to have had months ago, and then this season is all here at the same time. We've ingested all that inventory. We've largely gotten out of the container storage and movement business. We have the inventory in the network, so we have a good handle on what we own, where it is. Then, as I said earlier in the call, at the end of Q1, we need a couple of quarters to work through it, and that's exactly what we did. John David Rainey's right. We'll sell it. We'll work through it.
Yes, there will be some liability in it, but apparel was definitely the issue that we had, that was most acute and would've really hurt us had we not addressed it in Q2.
Simeon.
Sorry, Dan, go ahead.
I was gonna say, Simeon, on your mix question, if you go into our filings, you'll see our mix change year-over-year, and you'll see that in Q2 as well when we file our Q. You know, at the end of Q1, it was a fairly significant shift as we were lapping stimulus spending. We recalibrated our expectations at the end of Q1, and then it was even worse than we expected for Q2. That's what you're seeing get reflected in our view as we look to the back half. We don't wanna kinda get ahead of ourselves, you know, just because sales have been strengthening at the end of the quarter.
Yeah. I was gonna kinda double-click on that a little bit more, too. Fuel coming down in recent weeks is helpful. It's still about 27% inflated per gallon versus a year ago nationally. The absolute spend that an American family is deploying to fuel is still high. Keeping an eye on the amount of food inflation, and I think Q4 last year is the moment where we started to see U.S. food inflation tick up. It was kinda low- to mid-single-digit %. When you get to Q4, you start to anniversary a food inflation number against a food inflation number. The two-year stack of food inflation will be something that we'll be keeping an eye on.
If you told us that fuel was gonna continue to tick down and that food inflation was going to moderate, that influences how we think about general merchandise inventory. As we've worked with the merchants over the last few weeks, it's been kind of fascinating to think through how you make choices item by item and category by category because you don't wanna go into too much of a defensive mode. We were looking at Halloween decor last week, John, and there are some things, outdoor decor in particular, like inflatables, that are really fun, cool new items. When you see them, you're like, "We can sell all you can buy that." Like, we're gonna blow out of some of those. We want the buyers in some categories to have that mentality and be aggressive.
In other places, we wanna be more conservative so that we don't, you know, repeat the mistakes that we've had in the first half of this year. That's such an interesting thing to work through. It takes a lot more leadership from our merchant team, for example, than it might ordinarily. We think we have made some good decisions subcategory by subcategory for the back half of this year, canceled some orders, trying to get that right area by area so that we don't end up being too conservative in places where we shouldn't be.
Our next question comes from the line of Robert Ohmes, Bank of America. Please proceed with your question.
Oh, hey, good morning. Thanks for taking my question. I think a follow-up on that, Doug. I think it's probably harder for you guys to predict, you know, where fuel prices are going, but you have some visibility on food inflation given how large you are a player in that. You know, it accelerated a lot in the second quarter. Has that continued in the third quarter? I guess, does the guidance assume it stays at the level of the second quarter, or do you think it could, you know, be up more in 3Q before maybe it fades against comparisons in 4Q? Any kind of color on what you're assuming would be, you know, great.
A quick second one for Kath is just the home and apparel comps were much stronger at Sam's. Was that all clearance, or is there something different between Sam's and Walmart U.S. in terms of home apparel sales?
Hey, Robbie, it's John. Look, I'll take the first part of your question. You know, as it relates to food inflation, it definitely moved up in the second quarter and moved up in the months of the second quarter. July was higher than June was higher than May. I think it's too early into the third quarter to try to make a call if this is where we'll be, if it'll go higher or go down. For now, we're assuming that this is the level we're at, but and it could continue. Some of the factors, though, to consider is one of the costs that are part of the way we price food is the cost of moving food.
If diesel fuel and fuel continue to move down, that could be a tailwind related to inflation. However, there are still some commodities up. We do see a few categories in the store where prices are starting to come down, but there are other categories where we're still rising. I think it's just too early to call on the quarter. Certainly hope that some of these larger macroeconomic conditions would lead to lower prices in food, but we're not able to say that we see that happening just yet.
It's Kath McLay, Sam's Club. On the home and apparel, what I would say is it's actually a multi-year story, so it's not clearance. It's been, you know, the investments we've made and the quality that we've had in home apparel and seasonal, and we're seeing better quality brands, and we've seen that resonate with our member base, and that has continued through into this year.
Also a higher income member than the profile you'd see in Walmart U.S.
Yes.
Our next question is from the line of Rupesh Parikh with Oppenheimer. Please proceed with your question.
Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. First on the markdown front, I was curious if you can at all comment on what you view as excess markdowns as we try to think about next year. Secondarily, on Sam's Club gross margins, you know, declining nearly 300 basis points. I wanted to get a sense of if you expect any of that to be structural or do you expect that to recover the margin decline over time?
Hey, Rupesh, good morning. On markdowns, I kind of break it into pieces. Last year and the year before, there weren't really many markdowns to speak of because we were chasing demand, and in many cases, the ends of the seasons were very clean. Returning to a point where there are end-of-season markdowns is a pretty normal thing that we would experience. The way we're trying to manage these sell-through season by season as compared to historical rates back in 2018, 2019. Of course, things are always gonna be different, but it's a good barometer to determine where we land. You know, the business is much larger than it was in 2019.
These volume levels continue to improve, which then leads to the dynamic of how much you purchase, which ultimately the amount you purchase versus demand will lead you to your sell-through and markdown numbers. For the fourth quarter, we mentioned we've canceled billions in orders. We feel much better about the back half of the year. We still have inventory to work through and ingest from the backlogs, as we said, so we need a couple of quarters to do that. Then heading into the next year, we'll have purchasing levels that are more in line with the way we see demand as it's going today. Of course, a lot can change.
We need to know more about fuel pricing and inflation and the state of the consumer as we get there, but we have definitely had more time and more success in getting purchasing in line with our current inventory levels and the way we see demand going in terms of mix today.
For the Sam's part of the question, I would say if you look at our GP rate, there's two major things going on there. One is the LIFO charge of $123 million, and the other one is what we had called markdowns, but there's two things that are played there. The largest part of that amount is a strategic decision we made to create an inventory reserve for Q3. That's really pulling forward those markdowns from Q3 into Q2 to set ourselves up for success and to make sure that we're really competitive going into Q3. I don't see that as a trend. I see that as just, you know, this quarter, the impact on this quarter.
Our next question is coming from the line of Joe Feldman with Telsey Advisory Group. Please proceed with your question.
Hey, guys. Thanks for taking the question. Wanted to check in on what you're seeing with the supply chain these days. I mean, I know fuel costs have come down, and we're hearing container cost prices have come down, but are you getting a more regular flow of inventory as you need at this point? Or just your view of the global supply chain would be really helpful. Thanks.
Hey, Joe, it's John. First, let me just say a big thank you to our supply chain team, our merchants. They have been through a lot. The environment has been extremely dynamic, and they have really just made a huge difference for the entire company. You know, the last couple quarters, what's it been like? There was the backlog of containers that really started last fall when the ports backed up. We've worked those through. In terms of container costs, they are down from where they were, but they are still higher than they were a year ago, and a year ago was higher than they were the year before that. Still inflated, and those costs are flowing through.
Fuel costing is, you know, as Doug said earlier, fuel has come down from its peak at the end of Q1, early Q2, but it still remains elevated. Those are real costs that are passed through and customers will see those prices at the counter and on the site. In general, we see better flow, we see better availability. Our availability rates in food, consumables, and then our consumable portions of general merchandise are much better than they were a year ago. I still think we have work to do to get back to where we were back in 2019.
We're still uneven in places, and any time in retail that inventories back up the way they did, it does cause pressure on being able to get the right inventory at the right location in front of the customer. You know, optimistic that can improve as these inventories come down.
It's gonna take a few more months to work through the backlog of the inventory that's in the network.
Joe, I would just add from a P&L perspective, and you think about the cadence of earnings from 3Q to 4Q. We started experiencing more pronounced supply chain costs in 4Q last year. From a cost side, that makes the comps a little bit easier and if you're thinking about operating income in the fourth quarter versus the third quarter.
Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Chuck Grom with Gordon Haskett. Please proceed with your question.
Hey, thanks very much, and welcome, John David. When you unpack the factors behind the better back-to-school and strong finish in July, and it sounds like in August so far, I guess, you know, how would you rank the key contributors, you know, lower gas prices. There was a big uptick in state tax holidays this year versus last. I guess, has the improvement altered your view of the upcoming holiday season in any way in terms of how you think the consumer is gonna react?
Hey, Chuck. Good morning. I think there are probably three factors that stand out, and you'll see these in the numbers. One is there are more customers shopping in the brand than what we've seen previously, including better traffic numbers. Fuel prices did come down throughout the month of July. I think the third that's important is school attendance levels, we think will be higher. There are very few instances of schools that are remote at this point, and there were some of those last year, so things like backpacks and lunchboxes. Then there are other programs where some school lunches were paid for last year that this year will be funded by families and parents.
There's a shift in all of those factors that led to more spending late in July and early in the third quarter. As far as how it relates to the rest of the year, again, still a lot of unknowns as we get into the rest of the year. Fuel prices are still moving. If they continue to move down, that would be a great thing. We'll have to watch the shape of the consumer and see how they're buying. You know, I would just reiterate what John David said earlier.
We are really committed to the long-term plan and our long-term view of the business, and it's been great to see some of the improvements in the areas on the Flywheel that are adjacent to retail that will help the overall business over the long term.
John, I would add, as it relates to the better than expected performance for 2Q, as noted, supply chain costs came in better than we expected. In any quarter, when you close, you're gonna have some puts and takes at the end of the quarter. Some may fall in your favor, some may work against you. In the first quarter, supply chain costs came in worse than what we expected when we closed the quarter. When we updated our guidance at the end of last month, we had a similar expectation. It actually fell the other way, in our favor, and so that contributes to the better than expected performance relative to our guidance at the end of last month.
I would just add, when you're thinking about supply chain costs, and we're getting invoices all quarter end to end, a lot of the things that we were experiencing these last several quarters have been unusual, you know, container fines and excess fuel charges and things like that. You know, there was an expectation of higher costs, and it just fell favorably.
Thank you. Our final question will be from the line of Ben Bienvenu with Stephens. Please proceed.
Hey, thanks. Good morning. I wanna ask, when you move through a cycle like this with consumers trading down and between prices, and you gain market share and pick up new customers, how sticky does that share end up being on the other side of this inflation? Might we see this bolster your long-term share position and maybe leave you guys coming out of this environment in a stronger position with the consumer? Then as a follow-up, you noted you're seeing middle and upper-income households trading into Walmart. What are you seeing from lower-income households? Are you seeing any trading down away from Walmart?
Yeah. We certainly hope to hold share around the world, and I think this inflationary environment is gonna last for a while. People are gonna be value conscious, which plays to our strengths. The eCommerce experience in the end is a focus of ours. We wanna continue to grow our pickup and delivery businesses around the world. We, of course, wanna grow and maintain share of customer spend in the stores as well. Moving away, I think if any of you wanna comment, you can. I think we are holding at the lower end and adding at the upper end, generally speaking.
Doug, I think that's exactly right. In relation to the first part of your question, Ben, what have we seen in previous cycles? We did see some pickup in the last cycle. That was a downturn in 2008-2009. There are a few things that are different now that I think I'd like to point out. In that time period, we had our store business and a small eCommerce business. We did not have food pickup. We didn't do delivery from stores. We didn't deliver groceries. We did not have Walmart InHome. We didn't have Walmart+. So our ability to serve customers more flexibly in a more flexible manner than what we could have 13, 14 years ago is pretty dramatic.
Definitely a lot of work to do to ensure that we're taking care of those customers, and we're focused every week on satisfaction scores and accuracy of delivery and things like first-time pick rate, which is an indicator of did we get your entire order right at the very first time we try to deliver it. Those will all be important in terms of being able to hold onto new customers. We definitely have a number of ways that we can serve customers today that just, quite frankly, did not exist the last time we went through a downturn.
We're planning to sell some more Walmart+ memberships, too, to help solidify those relationships, and the Paramount announcement should help us do that.
Yeah, we're excited about the announcement, Doug. The brand Paramount has a lot of programming for kids. It has live sports. There are other movies and drama. It's a wide variety of content that I think our members will enjoy. That was
Quite frankly, member-led research. When we talked to members and asked what are the benefits they were looking for, the number one feature outside of delivery of product from both stores and e-commerce was an entertainment benefit. There were others they talked about, but entertainment was the top of the list, and that's what led to the decision to add this benefit to the program.
Thank you. At this time, we've reached the end of our question-and-answer session. I'll turn the call over to Doug McMillon for closing remarks.
Yeah, as usual, thanks for your attention. We appreciate you focusing on our company. I'll just wrap up with maybe three points. The first one is, hopefully you're seeing in the results and hearing from us that we're making progress. We're addressing our inventory issues. We're pricing to reflect our cost structure. Secondly, more people are choosing Walmart and Sam's Club and our brands around the world. Bodega Aurrerá in Mexico, for example, is really strong. Being able to attract more and more customers and a more diverse set of customers is a positive for us. Third, we're continuing to change the business and execute our strategy.
Our e-commerce growth, our digital transformation, growing the marketplace, growing these related businesses that are unlocked by this digital transformation that's happening in the company is something that we're focused on. Regardless of the short-term pressures, we're making progress towards the longer term. We certainly hope to put the pressures that we've had in the first half behind us as quickly as we can, claw back the operating income percentage delta that we've experienced in the first half, to the extent possible, as fast as possible. As you can see in our guidance, we acknowledge reality. The world around the world is feeling various pressures, most pronounced from inflation, of course.
We think we put ourselves in a good spot to continue to make progress and value when customers and members are focused on values is something that plays to our strengths. We'll take full advantage of that. Thank you all.
This concludes today's conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation.