Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us for this livestreamed event, which we are filming from our Brussels studio. Over the course of the next hour or so, we will cover the full year results of Elia Group. For this, the group's interim CEO and CFO have joined us, Catherine Vandenborre and Marco Nix. Welcome. What's on the agenda? We will first look back at our most important achievements from 2023. Our activities in Belgium and Germany are clearly accelerating. We will provide you with an update regarding our most important projects. Of course, we will also revisit our first acquisition in the United States, so we have many topics lined up for an interesting discussion with Catherine Vandenborre. Marco Nix will then take us through the results of 2023 and the outlook for the rest of the year.
First, let's take a look at the least interesting but nevertheless important slide of this presentation, the disclaimer. Before we can continue, you must take note of the information which is on screen now, and later today both the presentation slides and the script will be made available on our website. Let's start off with some exclusive images of the construction yard in Vlissingen in the Netherlands. Along with our partners, we have started building the caissons, or the foundations, of the Belgian Princess Elisabeth Island. The artificial energy island, which will be located 45 km off the Belgian coast, is a world first. It will connect new wind farms and additional interconnectors to the Belgian onshore grid. Only a year ago, we have announced that the contract for the construction of the caissons had been awarded to the DEME Jan De Nul Consortium.
Catherine, I'm sure that you're as pleased to see that the project is really kicking off, so it's really taking shape.
Yeah, absolutely, Marleen, and let me elaborate a little bit on the progress we made. Immediately after we awarded the contract, our teams and the consortium began working hard on the final design. We also tested the resistance, the resistance of the Princess Elisabeth Island against heavy storms and tidal waves, using a small model of it. This happened in a spatial lab in Denmark. Then, last Friday, the Belgian government awarded the domain concession for the island. This was the last legislative step before the installation of the caissons could start at sea. The construction of the foundation will take about two years to complete. Before the summer, we expect to have the first caisson installed on the seabed. So, to confirm, Marleen, I'm very pleased that the project is beginning to shape.
Yep, and we have more good news to announce regarding the Belgian Energy Island. The European LIFE program that supports nature and biodiversity has chosen the Bird Protection Program, which is included in the project, to receive financial support amounting to EUR 3.7 million. Elia, along with nature conservation and marine environment experts from Belgian and European organizations, will work on protecting the black-legged kittiwake, a vulnerable species of bird. Ledges will be attached to the outer storm walls of the island, where the kittiwake will be able to rest and to breed. Additionally, below the waterline, several measures will be implemented to create a diverse and a rich artificial reef. A scientific monitoring program will be rolled out to follow up the results of this unique project, and we will make adjustments where necessary.
So I'm really keen to see what the benefits of these measures will deliver. Catherine, the kickoff of our flagship project has started. It's clear we have really shifted into a higher gear with this project.
Absolutely, and let me give you some examples. In 2023, 50Hertz was given the permits to construct 552 kilometers of new network infrastructure, 304 km of onshore and 248 km of offshore infrastructure. That's a clear record. On the right-hand side of the slide, you can see how this compares with previous years. It's about quadruple the length of lines approved in 2022.
Yeah, more than 500 km of network infrastructure permitted in Germany last year. That's really impressive. Can you provide us with some similar examples of Belgium?
Yes, in Belgium, the Flemish government recently made an important legislative decision that defines the corridor of the Ventilus Line. This project is key for the integration of the second offshore wind zone in Belgium. We are hopeful that this will have a positive impact on the development of the Boucle du Hainaut project in Wallonia. Both projects are crucial for the energy transition in Belgium. We also started the construction work on the new 380 kV high-voltage substation in the port of Ghent, known as the Baekeland Substation. This project is key for the further economic development of the region. Many energy-intensive companies in the area are working on the decarbonization of their production processes, for which they need more electricity.
Yeah, let's make this a little bit more concrete. One of those companies is ArcelorMittal. They are aiming to accelerate the decarbonization of steel production in their Ghent plant. The first important step for this is their plant investment in two big electric arc furnaces that will double the plant's electricity consumption. Let's listen to a statement from Manfred Van Vlierberghe, the CEO of ArcelorMittal Ghent, about this.
Well, our future is all about making decarbonized steel. Decarbonization is far-going electrification. That is true for the households; it's also true for the industry. We are a very energy-intensive industry. Alone in our plant here in Ghent, we are consuming 4 GW of energy. In the past, this was mainly coming in via coal. In the future, this will be more and more substituted by gas and electrification. The first very important step is the installation of 2 big electric furnaces. They will be responsible for doubling our electrical consumption up to almost 4 TWh per year. To accommodate all that, a very robust, reliable, and affordable infrastructure is extremely important. It's also a criterion for us to invest in this region, in this plant.
It's in that context that this newly planned Post Baekeland is also extremely important for us here in the harbor of Ghent.
Belgium currently holds the presidency of the Council of the European Union, and it's against this background that 20 industrial players from Belgium recently signed and published the Antwerp Declaration for a European Industrial Deal during the European Industry Summit. The event was attended by the Belgian Prime Minister Alexander De Croo and the President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen, and one of the points mentioned in the declaration is a call to transform Europe into a global leader in the provision of abundant and affordable low-carbon energy. And Catherine, I remember that was one of the primary findings of our study on the electrification of industry two years ago. What progress have we made in this regard since then?
Well, I think we can see that today no one is questioning the important role of electrification in industry transformation. Access to renewable energy offers companies long-term price stability. It also ensures that competitiveness remains intact. To facilitate this, important investment in leading grid infrastructure is needed. Last year, we revised our grid development plans for the next decades in both Belgium and Germany. These plans followed periods of consultations with various stakeholders, including government regulators and industry representatives. In November, in anticipation of the project's rise in electricity demands and the expansion of renewable energy sources, we announced a substantial increase in our CapEx program, which now totals EUR 30.1 billion.
The updated Federal Development Plan, the Belgian Federal Development Plan, was approved by the Belgian government in May last year, and the German plan has just been approved last Friday. We will delve deeper into this topic later on with Stefan Kapferer. Catherine, I'd like to highlight the importance of those development plans. What if we overlook the emerging trends and that we face the delays in grid development? What would be the consequence?
Yeah, if we wouldn't deliver our infrastructure on time, it would hinder the completion of projects which are crucial for our industrial sector. Also, the rapid decarbonization of society would slow down. The risk of this happening is very real if we don't deliver on time the infrastructure. For example, the Dutch media has reported on the fact that many companies in the Netherlands won't be able to connect to the grid over the coming years. For the sake of society's prosperity, we must absolutely avoid such a situation.
Yeah, and to successfully electrify society, you need grid updates, but that's not enough. What's the next focus point?
Yes, indeed, and on top of our extensive grid investment plans, we are also preparing ourselves for the spread of digitalization and more efficiency in our system management activities. The electrification of the mobility, heating, and industrial sectors is offering up many opportunities. In our latest vision paper on flexible electricity consumption, we illustrated how consumers adjusting their electricity consumption in line with the availability of the green energy on the grid leads to more efficiency and cost savings. It benefits both the system and consumers.
During our Capital Markets Day in December, we covered various highlights already from 2023, including discussions relating to the new tariff framework. These are very important for our regulated activities since they provide us with the necessary resources to realize our investment plans. However, Catherine, I believe if I was about to ask your personal highlight of the year, I think that might be the first acquisition in the U.S., isn't it?
I think you're right, Marleen. The acquisition was announced in December and was completed last month. As a reminder, we acquired a minority stake of 35.1% in energyRe, a prominent clean energy company based in the U.S. With a total cost of $400 million spread over three years, this acquisition was definitively one of our highlights. Just as our IPO and our acquisition of 50Hertz were visionary steps that have put Elia Group in a unique position today, I'm convinced that our partnership with energyRe will once again add a new dimension to our activities. It will increase our presence and relevance both in Europe and on the global stage.
Yeah, and positive news regarding one of the three projects in which Elia Group has invested in the U.S. was delivered very quickly to us. The offshore wind project called Leading Light Wind, which is being worked on by energyRe and Invenergy, has successfully secured a power purchase agreement from the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities. This project is situated about 60 km off the coast in the New York Bight, and once operational, it will supply New Jersey with 2.4 GW of clean energy. The project is currently the largest fully awarded offshore wind project in the U.S. Now, let's hear a statement from Ryan Brown, the COO of energyRe , discussing the project in question.
Leading Light Wind is an American-led U.S. offshore wind project at the forefront of the U.S. energy transition. Once operational, this nation-leading project will supply New Jersey with 2,400 MW of clean energy. That's enough power for 1 million U.S. homes. So in January of this year, the project was awarded a power purchase agreement by the state of New Jersey, which is a critical milestone. We're quickly transitioning for the next phase of development of the site.
So there's a lot of focus on community and stakeholder engagement, building the relationships that will need to be in place to make this project successful, continuing our geophysical and geotechnical work out in the ocean to advance design and later the permitting of the project, and finally maturing the supply chain partnerships that will need to be in place so that when the project needs them later this decade, that local industry will be in place and ready to serve us to deliver this great project. We are really excited to be partnering with Elia Group and WindGrid at this important moment in the project's life. Elia Group and WindGrid are an established leader in the European energy market and bring a tremendous amount of expertise to this new industry in the U.S.
We expect those strong capabilities to be utilized across development, construction, operations and maintenance, building relationships with important global suppliers, and really the strong high-voltage DC expertise that the groups bring will really tremendously benefit the projects as we develop it over the next decade.
Catherine, now that the financial close has been finalized, what are the next steps in the collaboration with energyRe?
First, let me say that the capabilities of energyRe and Elia are very complementary. It will allow us to maximize the value creation of these investments. Our primary focus will be on advancing the delivery of the three projects within our portfolio, each project being unique. As part of this, we will work to mitigate the project risks and optimize the value of our investments. Additionally, we will also be exploring opportunities to expand our project portfolio beyond its current scope.
Okay, thank you, Catherine, for providing us these initial insights. It's high time to give the floor to Marco Nix, the interim CFO of Elia Group. Marco, what were the highlights from your perspective in 2023?
One of the first highlights of the year was Elia Group's recognition as one of the first Belgian companies to be included in the BEL ESG Index. This highlighted our dedication to environmental, social, and governance principles. This index monitors 20 listed Belgian-based companies that adhere to the best ESG practices, reflecting the growing demand for sustainable investment tools.
Yeah, that's indeed a nice recognition. We already discussed the group's investment needs, the CapEx program of about EUR 30 billion. How will we finance this?
In 2023, Elia Group took significant steps to secure diversified funding sources. This showcases the confidence investors have in our strategic direction towards a low-carbon economy. Elia Group did a partial refinancing and tender of EUR 500 million hybrid securities. Eurogrid secured a syndicated loan of EUR 600 million in April, which is specifically earmarked for green initiatives. This loan, provided by seven banks and refinanced under KfW's Climate Protection Program, will go towards the offshore grid connection for a wind farm project in the Baltic Sea. The subsequent issuance of a 7-year bond coupled with some other fundraising transactions totaling EUR 1.6 billion underscored our commitment to sustainable financing and bolstered the success of the energy transition. Elia Transmission Belgium entered the market early in the year with the issuance of its first EUR 500 million green bond.
This marked an important moment demonstrating a commitment to finance sustainable projects and was highly appreciated in the market with high subscription levels and competitive pricing outcomes.
Okay, let's dive into some of those key figures. As already announced in our press release this morning, 2023 was a record year in terms of investments. What other highlights can you share with us, Marco?
It was indeed a record year. We ramped up investments in Germany to nearly EUR 1.7 billion and spent slightly over EUR 700 million in Belgium. A large portion of these investments went towards strengthening or extending our onshore and offshore grid. Around EUR 170 million was channeled into further digitalization of the power sector. This led to a significant increase in our regulated asset base, which ended the year at EUR 12.2 billion. Crucially, almost all our investments, more than 99.5%, are aligned with the EU Taxonomy, which underscores our sustainable funding strategy. We ended the year with a net profit of Elia Group share at EUR 324.5 million, resulting in an adjusted return on equity of 6.9%. If you exclude the costs that are linked to the acquisition of energyRe, this would come to 7.14%.
This leads to earnings per share of EUR 4.4, which is also the basis for our EPS growth guidance that we provide during our Capital Markets Day. Furthermore, in terms of system performance, we again demonstrated very high levels of grid reliability, 99.9% in Belgium and 99.7% in Germany, while ensuring operational excellence, quality, and efficiency. This makes us one of the most reliable grid operators in Europe. Finally, Elia's recognition as one of Belgium's top employers for the sixth year in a row underscores our commitment to fostering a diverse, inclusive, and sustainable workplace. We hired 496 new people across the group during the year 2023.
Thank you, Marco. Later, we will return to you for a more detailed look at our figures. Catherine, given all the planned investments, the new hires, the pressure on the supply chain, how is Elia keeping the cost of the energy transition affordable?
And yes, Marleen, we have a major responsibility to realize investment in the most cost-effective manner possible. Ultimately, the impact on consumers must be a positive one. That's why we are giving priority to those projects having the greatest impact on society. In Germany, for example, we are focusing on infrastructure projects that reduce congestion, the cost of which is borne by German consumers. Moreover, improving our operational efficiency remains a top priority. We are achieving cost reduction by focusing on digitalization and automation, and by improving our maintenance activities. Additionally, we also want to make the system more efficient by promoting flexible consumption, encouraging customers to use most of their electricity when prices allow.
During last year's presentation of the annual reports, I remember, Catherine, that the energy crisis remained a prominent topic. How substantial was the crisis, the energy crisis in 2023?
Yeah, for sure, the effect of the energy crisis was less acute in 2023. However, lower prices that we see today are not guaranteed to remain so in the future. Due to geopolitical tensions, it has become crystal clear that energy is of strategic importance. Fundamental issues linked to Europe's energy independence have not yet been solved. Initiatives like the North Sea Summit in Ostend and the Baltic Offshore Wind Forum in Berlin have demonstrated that international collaboration is becoming key. Some European countries will be short on renewable energy, like for example, Belgium and Germany, while others will have too much renewable potential. This means that purely national solutions will not be appropriate.
We just saw the images from the North Sea Summit in April last year. In November, the European Commission published a paper on the grids. So it looks like grid development was an important focal point in 2023.
Indeed, there was no transition without transmission. It's also becoming crystal clear. We feel that there was an important awareness, an increasing awareness, of the fact that electricity grids are at the center of the energy value chain. We are doing everything we can to accelerate our investments. Along with the relevant authorities, we are addressing bottlenecks in permitting procedures and discussing ways to make the deployment of grids faster and more efficient. At the same time, we are aiming to secure our supply chains and avoid delays.
Let's zoom in for a moment on our home countries, and we will start our journey in Germany. Year after year, our colleagues from 50Hertz are integrating increasing volumes of renewables into their system. Last year, a new record was broken. 72% of consumption was covered by renewables. There is much more to come. Only last week, the BNetzA approved the Federal Development Plan that looks at the years 2037 and 2045, and thus at a target year for achieving climate neutrality in Germany. Stefan Kapferer, 50Hertz CEO, can tell us more.
2023 was a success story for the energy transition in Germany and, of course, also for 50 Hertz. We realized three times more kilometers of electricity grids than the year before. We received more permissions than ever before in our history. A record high of 72% of renewables integrated in the electricity grid in the control area of 50 Hertz. 2023 is past. 2024 will be another record year for 50 Hertz as well. Four exciting projects will be commissioned this year. For example, one more offshore wind farm in the Baltic Sea will be connected to our onshore grid, and the famous Uckermark, discussed for several years in Germany, will be realized and commissioned in 2024. One aspect is also relevant. Germany had the record low of greenhouse gas emissions in 2023 compared to the 50s of the last century.
With shrinking electricity prices and reduced greenhouse gas emissions, Germany will remain an attractive place for investments of industry in the future. Intel will start its investment in Magdeburg now, and the chip manufacturer TSMC from Taiwan is realizing an investment in Dresden. I'm sure the concerns about the future of German industry will be decreased if there is more investment in green energy in the future. We've all recognized that European cooperation is key to tackle climate change, to reduce electricity prices, and to guarantee the resilience of the energy system in Europe. One special project of Energinet, our friends in Denmark, and 50 Hertz is Bornholm Energy Island. 3 additional GW close to the island of Bornholm to be integrated in the Danish and the German grid infrastructure. 2024 is the year of permission procedures and procurement processes.
I'm sure we will fulfill additional milestones of this important European project. Due to the Ukraine war, Europe has noticed steep price increases of energy. We all know that energy sovereignty based on renewables is key to shrinking electricity prices and energy prices for society and industry. That's the reason why I believe that discussing opportunities to reduce the cost of the energy transition and the expansion of the grid infrastructure is extremely important at the European level as well as national levels. Every additional bureaucratic burden, every tight supply chain is increasing the prices of the energy transition. Let's work on reducing bureaucratic burdens. Let's work on additional industrial suppliers in Europe to increase competition in the supply chain and to make expansion of grid infrastructure and renewable generation cheaper as in the last years.
In Germany, some states will vote for a new parliament like in Sachsen, Thüringen, and Brandenburg. In Belgium, we have elections at all political levels. European elections will also be held. The U.S. will vote for a new president. So, Catherine, it will be a big year of elections in 2024. What might be the impact on our business of this?
Yes, we expect that this year holds a dynamic political landscape of shifting governments. Given the geopolitical context, we also expect to see an increased focus on defense. However, the competitiveness of our industry is also gaining momentum, with energy playing a crucial role in this. In my opinion, the Green Deal is not the result of one political ideology. It goes beyond party lines. The energy transition benefits our society and preserves our prosperity. The investment optimism that we have is reflected in our grid development plans and CapEx program. We carry out our work in the interest of society. Additionally, we will continue to support new governments with advice and vision papers.
Yeah, indeed, Elia Group was involved in almost every major energy debate in 2023, the energy mix of the future, the transformation of offshore energy, the electrification of mobility and industry, etc. And that brings us to our next speaker, Frédéric Dunon, the CEO of Elia Transmission Belgium, who will take us through his highlights from 2023. And I must say, our renewable energy figures in Belgium are not as impressive as those in Germany, but even in Belgium, we saw an all-time high record of 28%.
Last year, we have achieved a new all-time record. 28.2% of the generation mix was covered by renewables. Even during one quarter in May, 93% of the energy consumption was covered by renewables. That's only the start because in the next decade, we expect a multiplication by 2.4% of the installed capacity coming from the renewables. Although the electricity consumption was a bit lower than foreseen last year, we still expect an increase of 50% of the electrical consumption in the next decade. It will be driven by e-mobility, by residential heating, and of course, by the industry. They have a key role to play as partners to support the industries in their decarbonization journeys.
One concrete example of that is the whole new substation that we are building in the Port of Ghent, the Baekeland Substation, that we are mainly developing to support the decarbonization journey of our customer ArcelorMittal in the region of Ghent. One important milestone that we reached last year was the agreement with the regulator, CREG. We achieved an agreement regarding the next regulatory period. By reaching this agreement, we are now convinced that we will have at our availability the means to achieve our ambitions. One key element was the remuneration. Now we agreed that the remuneration of Elia will follow the evolution of the risk-free premium rate, being the OLO. In 2024, the project we are already speaking a long time about will materialize. For instance, regarding the offshore island, the Princess Elisabeth Island, we will build the caissons as we speak.
We are building the caissons here on the construction site in Vlissingen, and they will be partly installed already during the summer period. Of course, to import all the offshore production connected to the island, we will also have to reinforce the onshore backbone. We are still working on the doubling of the capacity of all the existing corridors, and we are progressing as foreseen on the authorization process of the Ventulus project and of the Boucle du Hainaut project. When speaking about energy transition, a key word is affordability. It's not only about building new infrastructure. It's also about finding new ways to operate the system in the most efficient way. And in this context, flexibility is essential. We have to find ways to ensure that the consumers can benefit out of the energy transition.
Therefore, it's important that we remove the barriers to give an easy access to the energy markets to our customers, to allow them to consume at the best price.
We'll conclude our overview by revisiting the fifth anniversary of Nemo Link, the subsea interconnector that links Belgium to the UK. We celebrated Nemo Link's fifth birthday with our partner National Grid in the presence of the Belgian Minister of Energy, Tine Van der Straeten, and Martin Shearman, the British ambassador to Belgium. Catherine, many happy faces on screen. At the time, Nemo Link was the first subsea interconnector for Elia. It was the first HVDC cable. How are we looking back at those five first years of operation?
Well, we can say that Nemo Link is one of the most efficient interconnectors of its type in the world. On several occasions, the cable provided additional sources of support to stabilize the electricity supply and reduce energy prices in the two countries. Due to its cap and floor regulatory model, and given its outstanding commercial performance, over EUR 200 million will be returned to consumers in both the United Kingdom and Belgium. In addition to its significant benefits in terms of well-being of our society, Nemo Link has also allowed us to improve our offshore interconnector expertise. Developing possibilities for exchanging electricity surpluses with all neighbors will be crucial for decarbonizing our continent.
Okay, thank you, Catherine, for sharing these insights with us. Marco, you already provided some key figures. Let's take a deeper look at the full year results, and we will start with the group figures. I would say go ahead, Marco.
Happy to do so. Elia Group posted solid results across all segments for the year. Looking at the top line, revenues amount to EUR 3.9 billion, a decrease of almost 4% compared to the previous year. This is, first of all, good news for the consumers, in particular in Belgium. In Belgium, revenues were down around 11%, following a normalization on both energy and financial markets facing lower volatility. Costs for ancillary services dropped significantly. Furthermore, interest income from cash deposits led to lower financial costs. The growing asset base and linked to that, the higher regulated profits and depreciation offset this trend partially. In Germany, revenues remained flat. While imputed infrastructure costs increased, the lower energy prices affected the balancing and redispatch costs similar to Belgium, which led to lower energy revenues.
Both effects were partially offset by higher revenues from EGI, as it strongly expanded its international consulting activities. The Elia Group's adjusted net profit remained almost flat at EUR 411.4 million. The key drivers of the result were the execution of the investment program, a very solid operational performance on the regulated activities, partly offset by lower financial results in Germany. In total, Belgium contributes around 44% to the adjusted net result, and Germany for 53%. The contribution from the non-regulated activities at Nemo Link was down around EUR 3 million, as Nemo Link reached the cumulative cap in 2023, while the costs of WindGrid further ramped up. This was partially offset by an increasing contribution from EGI and higher interest income at the holding.
Considering the one-off M&A costs linked to the energy reinvestment of EUR 11.9 million, the non-controlling interest and the cost for the new hybrid, the net profit attributable to Elia shareholders comes to EUR 324.5 million, leading to a return on equity of 6.9% and an earnings per share of EUR 4.4 per share. Excluding the one-off costs linked to the acquisition, the adjusted return on equity would be 7.14%.
Yeah, an important contributor to these results is the expanding asset base. How is this reflected in the regulated asset base?
Certainly, the regulated asset base is a key driver of our remuneration. Thanks to a successful implementation of our investment program, the Elia Group's RABs saw a notable 12.4% year-over-year increase, reaching EUR 12.2 billion by the close of 2023. Specifically, Belgium experienced a 9.5% increase, while Germany saw a 15.2% uptick. This growth trend is attributed to significant infrastructure projects undertaken in both countries to support the development of a unified and sustainable European energy system. This network aims to incorporate extensive renewable energy production and cross-border electricity transmission, ultimately minimizing costs for consumers. Looking ahead, we anticipate an average annual RAB growth of approximately 19% over the next five years at the group level, projecting a RAB of around EUR 33 billion by the end of 2028. Let us now turn to the funding of the Elia Group.
Debt issuance backed by strong operational cash flows remained the main sources of funding in 2023. The key metric for the group in this respect is the net debt excluding the renewable energy scheme, or EEG scheme, and similar mechanisms. Let me remind you that 50Hertz acts as a trustee for these mechanisms, and these have no impact on the profitability of the group nor its credit rating. Excluding EEG and similar mechanisms, the group carried a net debt of close to EUR 9 billion, reflecting a 22% increase compared to the end of last year. The main driver behind this rise stemmed from the realization of a EUR 2.4 billion CapEx plan, funded in part by operating cash flow and liquidity from the previous year's capital injection. Furthermore, the group also repeatedly accessed the debt market to support its organic growth.
As a result of these transactions and the elevated interest rates throughout the year, the average cost of debt has risen by 20 basis points to 2.1%. Currently, Elia Group's outstanding debt consists solely of fixed-rate debt. End of 2023, S&P, the rating agency, revised the rating of the group to a triple B flat with a stable outlook. This adjustment primarily reflects the announcement of a EUR 30.1 billion CapEx plan, spanning from 2024 to 2028.
Okay, and that concludes the group overview. Let's zoom in on the Belgian segment. Halfway through the year, we reported that Belgium was well on track to reach its performance targets, and earlier, an increase in the EBIT was highlighted. How is this reflected in the year results, Marco?
Belgium achieved robust results over the year. We touched on earlier wider revenues decrease, so let us move straight to the bottom line. The adjusted net profit came in at EUR 181 million, up by 15% year-over-year. The key drivers of this increase are, firstly, a higher fair remuneration, up by EUR 7.7 million. This growth can be attributed mainly to the expansion of the asset base. Secondly, the contribution from incentives increased by EUR 12.9 million, indicating a strong operational performance by Elia Transmission Belgium. Despite the growth of its activities, the controllable costs remained under control, and we benefited from a better performance on the incentive for interconnection capacities driven by lower congestion costs. Thirdly, the activation of issuance costs linked to green bonds and capitalized borrowing costs contributed EUR 5.3 million to the results.
Lastly, last year's result benefited from a one-off tariff compensation for financial costs associated with a capital increase. All in all, this resulted in a return on equity of 6.2%.
Yeah, we have already touched upon the expansion of the asset base and the first Green Bond issuance. Could this affect the overall financial position of Elia Transmission Belgium?
For sure. Bolstered by a capital increase undertaken in 2022, Elia Transmission Belgium has a very solid capital structure with an equity portion well above 40% of the regulated asset base. This supports our ability to finance and facilitate the organic growth in Belgium. As mentioned, Elia Transmission Belgium ventured into the debt capital market, issuing its first EUR 500 million green bond to fund eligible green projects. Proactively responding to the anticipated rise in interest rate, the company engaged in interest rate swaps, ensuring that the benefits are passed on to the consumers. Consequently, this bond issuance had a minimal impact on the average cost of debt, which rose by 10 basis points to 2% by the close of 2023. It's worth noting that Elia Transmission Belgium maintains a well-balanced debt maturity profile, with all outstanding debt carrying a fixed coupon.
The company's liquidity position remains robust, with both the sustainable revolving credit facility and commercial paper remaining fully underwritten at the end. ETB's credit rating was reaffirmed by Standard & Poor's at a triple B plus rating, with a stable outlook, underscoring the company's financial stability and outlook for the future.
Yeah, these were the results of Belgium. Let's now shift our focus to Germany. We previously mentioned that the revenues remained flat, as the higher investment remuneration due to the progress of the CapEx plan was offset by the lower pass-through energy costs. But what about 50 Hertz bottom line, Marco? Can you walk us through the key factors that influenced the performance of 50 Hertz in 2023?
For sure, Marleen. Net profit came in at EUR 218 million, down by 7% year-over-year. There were several key drivers behind these results. Firstly, the financial results dropped by EUR 61 million. 2022 was marked by a strong drop in valuation of provisions linked to Congestion Income due to the sudden spike in forward interest rates. These amounts need to be returned to the grid consumers over several years and are therefore discounted based on actual market rates and 2022 benefits from that heavily. Secondly, the ongoing investment program led to increased asset remuneration, which was up nearly EUR 53 million. At the same time, depreciation costs grew by EUR 24 million due to the partial commissioning of Ostwind 2 and offshore wind farm connection in late 2022, and progress made on other onshore investments. Thirdly, onshore OPEX and other costs decreased by almost EUR 11 million.
Despite the expenditures on digitalization and growing activities and no longer benefiting from the offshore lump sum anymore, operating costs were effectively managed. This was also supported by increasing base year revenues as the inflation adjustments exceed the productivity factor given by the regulator. Moreover, 50Hertz benefited from a higher energy bonus of around EUR 4 million driven by lower grid loss costs. This resulted in a return on equity of 9.5% excluding hedging. With an eye on the 50Hertz financial position, the total equity decreased by EUR 42 million to around EUR 2.1 billion. This drop was mainly related to the hedge reserve linked to forward contracts concluded for hedging the risk of fluctuation in the expected amount of grid losses. Due to a significant fall in energy prices, these contracts' fair value decreased, resulting in a negative hedge reserve of EUR 157 million.
This was partially balanced by an equity injection of EUR 120 million from Eurogrid shareholders Elia Group and KfW, who continue to demonstrate their commitment to further shape the energy transition. 50Hertz liquidity position remains robust at EUR 1.6 billion. This includes an EG and similar mechanisms cash position amounting to EUR 353 million. This position witnessed a substantial drop over the year as no new federal grants were received and energy prices fell. As mentioned earlier, Eurogrid actively participated in the debt market, securing EUR 1.6 billion of debt to finance its equity investments and repay a EUR 750 million bond that was due in November. As a result, the average cost of debt increased from 1.52% to 2.01% at the end of 2023. The maturity profile remains balanced, with a weighted debt duration of 7.2 years.
In light of the announced CapEx plan for 2024 to 2028 and regulatory updates at the end of 2023, S&P lowered Eurogrid's credit rating to triple B flat with a stable outlook.
Besides its regulated activities in Belgium and Germany, Elia Group also operates in Nemo Link and undertakes various non-regulated activities. How did this third segment contribute to the Elia Group results, Marco?
This segment contributed EUR 12 million to the group's adjusted net result. The key drivers were as follows: Nemo Link contributed EUR 27.3 million to the group's result, representing a decrease of EUR 9.6 million compared to previous year. This decline can be entirely attributed to Nemo Link reaching the accumulated cap for the five-year assessment, while the prior year's result partially benefited from the headroom coming from the years before. By 2023, the electricity markets in Europe and the UK had stabilized following the turbulences of 2022. Despite maintenance activities in Q4 2023, the interconnectors' availability remained high at 96% over the year. Over the first regulatory period from 2019 to 2023, Nemo Link performed exceptionally, with an average availability of the interconnector of 97.7%, significantly contributing to the security of supply and grid balancing in Belgium and the UK.
Apart from Nemo Link, we saw a lower loss for the holding, EUR 5.3 million, driven mainly by higher interest income on cash deposits and lower business development costs, as costs linked to energyRe are presented as an adjusted item. Furthermore, we encountered higher costs for WindGrid, especially in relation to the establishment of WindGrid US. And finally, we also saw a strong contribution from EGI, which added about EUR 4 million to the result. Considering the costs associated with energyRe, the net profit amounts to EUR 0.2 million. Let us also look at the liquidity position. Elia Group SA maintains strong liquidity, with a fully underwritten commercial paper program worth EUR 35 million. As previously mentioned, Elia Group supported its investments in 50Hertz, drawing EUR 100 million from its revolving credit facility. This leaves EUR 55 million in committed but underwritten credit lines available.
Additionally, in relation to the investments in energyRe, Elia Group has secured a bridge facility of EUR 400 million, which remains fully underwritten at the end of 2023. It's important to note that the transaction was finalized at the end of February 2024 and partially drawn for an amount of EUR 230 million. Regarding the outstanding debt profile of the segment, there are no imminent maturities. And as mentioned, we undertook a partial tender and refinancing of the hybrid at a rate of 5.85%.
Let's take a look at one last area: the dividend policy. What can we expect?
As per our policy, we will propose an increased dividend amounting to EUR 1.99 per share to the general assembly.
During our Capital Markets Day held in December, we already provided an outlook for 2024 and beyond. Are there any changes in that respect, Marco?
In a nutshell, there are no changes. We confirm the guidance given during our Capital Markets Day in December. We anticipate that the net profit attributable to Elia Group share, excluding non-controlling interest and hybrid interest, will range between EUR 335 million and EUR 385 million. This points towards an adjusted return on equity between 7% and 8%. For Belgium, we aim to achieve a net profit ranging between EUR 200 million and EUR 230 million. This profit is considering a Belgium 10-year OLO of about 3.3% for the year. Elia Transmission intends to invest roughly EUR 1.4 billion. In Germany, we aim to achieve a net profit ranging between EUR 245 million and EUR 275 million. This profit is considering a base rate of 2.79% for the regulatory return on equity as proposed by the regulator. 50 Hertz intends to invest roughly EUR 3.3 billion.
For our third segment, including the non-regulated activities, Nemo Link as well as WindGrid and its US investment in energyRe, we expect for 2024 to report a loss to the group result in a range of EUR 35 million-EUR 45 million. This expected loss is mainly composed of three items. First, Nemo Link will contribute for about EUR 25 million, depending ultimately on the availability of the interconnector. Secondly, the operational activities of the holding, other non-regulated activities like EGI and Realto development of WindGrid as well as the funding costs for energyRe will lead to a loss in a range of EUR 40 million-EUR 45 million.
Finally, the group will also use balance sheet headroom in 2024 to fund its contribution to the Eurogrid CapEx plan, leading to interest costs of around EUR 20 million-EUR 25 million for the existing and new debt, depending on the evolution of the interest rates. I would like to point out that this guidance obviously does not take into account any potential M&A transaction. We do see ourselves well-positioned in the market. This is underscored by the recent transaction at the start of 2024, specifically the issuance of Elia Transmission's green bonds of EUR 800 million and Eurogrid's green bonds of EUR 700 million and EUR 800 million. These transactions underpin our ability to deliver on the energy transition.
Okay, thank you. To conclude today's presentation, let's hear some final thoughts of Catherine. 2024, we are already March, but what are you looking for this year?
Well, first, to deliver and deliver on the CapEx. The implementation of our EUR 30 billion CapEx program is a key priority. Our company will experience immense growth, not only in terms of assets but also in terms of people. I am really optimistic about this.
Yeah. During the Capital Markets Day, we already discussed the CapEx program in detail. In addition to CapEx delivery, Catherine, what is the focus for you for the year to come?
Oh, I am also looking forward to the progress that we will make in terms of flexible consumption. Following the publication of our vision paper, the topic is becoming more tangible. We will work on issues such as real-time pricing and launch projects that allow customers to benefit from offering their flexibility up to the market. At the end of this month, Elia Group is hosting its third hackathon to demonstrate the potential that lies in steering flexible assets like EVs and heat pumps based on real-time prices. It will fundamentally change the way the system is managed and create value for consumers and for the system.
It's indeed a game-changer, real-time pricing. Catherine, I have one final question for you. Earlier today, you already mentioned the importance of thought leadership. What studies can we expect in the course of the year?
Yeah, within the group, we are working on two vision papers that will explore how the European seas will become the power engines of the future. The first paper will be published later this month during the WindEurope Conference in Bilbao. That's a paper in collaboration with the Danish wind developer Ørsted. At the end of the year, we will publish an additional study with a broader scope. And in Belgium, we'll also be studying the country's most suitable energy mix to move to net zero. That report will be published end of June.
It's something we all are looking forward to. Thank you, Catherine. Thank you, Marco. Ladies and gentlemen, I suggest we now move on to the Q&A session. Yannick Dekoninck, our Head of Capital Markets, will guide us through this. Yannick, do you have questions from one of your audience members for our speakers today?
Yes, I'm very pleased to welcome many of our analysts, also to see a lot of new faces. I propose to structure a bit the questions and start alphabetically in the order of the company. So I would start maybe with ABN AMRO. I see that Thijs is joining by telephone. So maybe, Thijs, you can kick off with your first questions. Thijs? I see that you are on mute. Yeah, maybe Thijs has a problem, so maybe we can then shift and later come back to him. We also have Citi joining the call. I see that Ella Walker is there from Citi. So maybe, Ella, you can kick off with the first question you may have. Ella? You're on mute as well. Okay, but then I propose to switch to the next one, which is Mafalda for Goldman Sachs, who raised her hand already.
I would give the floor then to Mafalda to raise the first question.
Thanks a lot, Yannick. Can you hear me?
Yes, we hear you very well.
Good. Hello, everyone, and thanks for taking my questions. I have two. The first one is whether you could give us some indication on when you expect net debt to land by year-end 2024. And if you don't want to be overly explicit, at least if you can briefly comment whether you are comfortable with consensus, which I believe is at EUR 12.6 billion. And the second question would be relating to your future equity needs, which we discussed in detail on your CMD and potential timing. Do you continue to have no plans to raise equity before the end of 2024? And is there anything that could make you change your views here? Yeah, I leave it there. Thank you.
So maybe I will take the first one on the equity raise plans, and then I will give you the floor for the question on the debt. So I can confirm that we don't have plans to raise equity in 2024, like we said in the CMD, in the Capital Market Day. We have a pretty good visibility on the CapEx that we need to deliver, both in Germany and in Belgium. We have also a good visibility on the plans for the U.S. So outside of any very, very, very unlikely and exceptional event, I don't know, I can't imagine anything that would push us to change our minds on this topic.
Yeah, and based on that, the question on the debts is a logical one to follow. We currently do see ourselves on a little bit higher level than you mentioned, taking the huge CapEx program ahead of us. It's EUR 4.8 billion almost of the group. So that will lead potentially to a lending point above EUR 30 billion at the end of 2024 on the debt level.
Thank you.
Thank you, Mafalda. With whom? So please, go ahead.
Yes, hi. I also hope you can hear me.
Yes.
Yes.
We can hear you.
All right. I have some connection. Great. I have some connection problems. But as long as you can hear me, I've also got two questions. The first one is on the provision of the Congestion Income, which you explained that because of the favorable situation in 2022, there was a compensation in the press release. You referred to the decrease in the forward interest rates at the end of the year. So can we then assume, as that now has balanced out a little bit over the first months of this year, that you can get part of that back over the first half?
Is it already the second question, or maybe I can explain on the Congestion Income as this is something which comes from a congestion management on the interconnectors. That's the money similar to Nemo, which, contrary to Nemo, is fully given back to the consumers, but over 20 years. So we are giving 1/10 of the entire amount which we gained there back to consumers over 20 years. And that lead to a heavy discounting on this long-term liability. And in 2022, interest rate went significantly up at once. And as we're doing in the low-interest-rate environment, we're close to nominal value as a liability that lead to a significant impact on a P&L, significant positive impact on a P&L.
That being said, assuming that the volatility of the interest-rate environment will not be as high as we've seen in 2022, the impact for future years shall be lower than we've seen in 2022. However, even in 2023, we saw an impact in the P&L, so based on the difference between September and December, so it was a drop of almost 1 percentage point that led to an impact on the result of EUR 5 million. That gives you an order of magnitude how it could evolve over the years, year- by- year, in case there's a change in interest-rate environment. Hope that answers your question.
Yes, yes, very helpful. Thanks. That's exactly what I was looking for. Then the second question is, and you already answered the equity raise question, so that's all clear for this year. Now, you also mentioned that you are obviously watching the election outcome. And in Belgium, you have an election on the 9th of June. My question is really in relation to kind of the public financing, which we have seen that they are preparing also capital increases to anticipate, the EUR 4 billion share of equity-like products that you would want to raise over the period. Is there anything you can say or disclose on that, how that's progressing, and whether that's at all related to the elections or whether that could follow an independent track independent of whatever outcome of the elections in Belgium?
Yeah. So first, I fully understand your question on whether there is a link, let's say, between the election that we will have later in June and the position of Publi-T, but the answer is no. So Publi-T is really so municipalities behind Publi-T are really organizing themselves with a long-term view, having a strong willingness to support the development of the company and to support the execution of the strategy. And they are really not looking at, let's say, short-term election moments. It doesn't modify neither the composition of Publi-T nor their willingness to support the execution of the strategy of the company. So I can clearly say there is a clear disconnect between election on the one hand and organization of Publi-T on the other hand.
Regarding the progress that they have made in terms of organization within Publi-T to proportionally contribute to equity raise that will come, they are progressing well. They have finalized discussions regarding agreements with third parties. They are still intending, and they confirm that they are still intending to participate pro rata to the capital increase that will come beyond the 2024 time horizon.
Okay, that's clear. Thanks for taking my questions.
Thank you, Wim. I propose now to switch to Kepler with Juan. So Juan, please go ahead.
Good morning. Thank you for taking our questions. I have three, if I may. The first one is on the discussions with stakeholders about the future financing plans post-2025. My question is more specifically on the German side as a big part of your CapEx plan is allocated towards Germany, and you have the state that has a 20% stake on 50Hertz, but there is none at the holding level. So my question is, has the state committed to contribute on their side in line with the CapEx needs? And this will be in parallel to any financing that will be needed at the holding level. So this will be my first question. The second one is on the constraints that you're seeing on your CapEx plan.
You signal first the permitting plan in Belgium that could be an issue, and the second one is supply constraints. My question is, how conservative are you on your CapEx targets assumptions? And will you be willing to adapt if that is the case? And what is the risk that you see on this? And the third question, if I may, is on the EUR 11.9 million adjustment cost that you're doing on the others' segment, and how can this compare to if I see the bridge to the EUR 3.2 million already on WindGrid? Thank you very much.
Okay. Do we want to start with energy, or?
No, you can start.
We can go in order. Okay. Maybe to the German situation, it's the same commitment which we faced via the shareholders of the Elia Group. There is a commitment to support the energy transition. That being said, we didn't agree on specific plans for funding year by year for the time being. That's something we are doing year- by- year if we have really strong visibility on the CapEx execution. That's the second point you raised, how uncertain it is. There are, of course, some risks connected to permission procedures. We know that there is a kind of unlock, in particular in Germany, in that regard as we received significant permissions. But we do see good progress, in particular on the big backbone projects in Belgium as well. That gives us some confidence that the permissions will be handed in time so that we can execute the plan.
In terms of supplier bases, we did quite a lot last year already, like early ordering, entering into long-term partnerships with suppliers, working on increasing the supplier base so that the commitments we are entered in on the five-year horizon are quite remarkable. That gives us confidence too that the CapEx plan, which we have shown here, the EUR 30.1 billion, is a robust one. Not being said that we are hitting exactly the number then, in particular on the last year, but we do not see a huge deviation in a billion order of magnitude. That's the best estimate, the best we can currently provide you with. That's the plan we are following. There is a strong commitment to make it happen from all companies which are working on that one and a strong belief that this is affordable and feasible on the horizon.
Then maybe on your question on the possible delay on the permitting plans in Belgium, I'm not sure that we phrase it correctly in the press release, hearing the interpretation that is given. To say it differently, we always face difficulties in terms of permitting infrastructure. That's something which is part of the daily life of TSO. But until now, we manage those difficulties. And maybe that's where you see, by the way, the difference between TSO really wanting to deliver on the energy transition. And so, on the contrary, I would say, on very important investments that we have in the investment plan, we have seen good progresses on the last weeks and on the last months. And I was referring, for example, to Ventilus during the presentation, where we are really seeing good progress.
I was also referring to the island where we received the concession domain last week or two weeks ago. So very concretely, I would even say, on the contrary, for the time being, we see good progresses on the number of key investments that we have in Belgium. What we meant, what we wanted to say, is that we see even a potential to, on the one hand, decrease the burden linked to the administrative process of the permitting, and on the other hand, to possibly accelerate it. There are a number of measures which have been defined at European level, which have already been implemented in national legislation, like, for example, in Germany, and that led to an acceleration in the permitting process with the highest amount of permitting received last year in Germany versus the years before.
I think that we received in 2023 as much permits as in the last 4 years of 50 years, to give an illustration. It's not yet implemented in Belgium. We see potential to accelerate the permitting process in Belgium. If we wouldn't do that, if the authorities wouldn't take those measures, then, of course, it could have an impact on the speeds by which the energy transition is delivered. We don't see an impact in terms of possible delay on the CapEx plan that we have due to this permitting issue in Belgium. Especially not for 2024. Of course, the longer is the time horizon, the more uncertain it is in terms of ability to predict very well the figures. Like usual, the figures that we give are pretty well defined for the first 3 years of the time horizon.
Afterwards, of course, we will adapt depending on the circumstances. I hope it clarifies.
energyRe is missing, so.
Yes, quite useful.
The EUR 12 million on energyRe was partly consisting of the payment to investment banks for the transaction and the EUR 3 million for establishment of WindGrid US. I think it was more installment cost than of an entity which we implement then as a platform. Then for the growth, it was at this point of time independent from the energyRe transaction, knowing that we structured it then via that WindGrid US. Is it clear so far?
Yep, quite useful. Thanks.
Okay, thank you, Juan. I then please give the floor to one of our new analysts of Deutsche Bank. Olly, please go ahead.
Thanks. Can you hear me okay?
Yes, we do.
Super. Thank you. So two questions, please. The first question is related to the equity raise again. So the CMD, I believe you mentioned, intended to raise something on the order of EUR 4-4.5 billion. Can you please confirm that's still the right magnitude? Sorry, the right order of magnitude. And can you give any visibility on what you're thinking here is around cadence? I mean, do you think it would be kind of in one or two blocks over a couple of years or more spread out? So the first question's on that equity element. And the second question's just on TenneT and read across to yourselves. I mean, that process between the German and Dutch government appears to have slowed a little bit recently. Do you have a view on whether you think that will go ahead?
Do you have a view on whether you think the Dutch and the German government still wish to progress with that? It's just a question of figuring out price, etc. Do you think there's a willing on both sides to go ahead? Any commentary you have on that would be interesting to hear. Thank you very much.
So would you like to take the one of equity? Do I?
Oh, I could. So the order of magnitude, we confirm, which we posted during the capital market days, depending, of course, on the potential grants which we can acquire during the year as this is still one of our funding sources which we want to enable to enter in. But the EUR 2.4 billion-EUR 2.5 billion, depending on the grants which we can achieve, is something which is still in our mind to fund the CapEx plan as this has not changed neither for the time being. For the structuring of the market approach with these amounts, that's still subject of a discussion. We prepare ourselves or shareholders preparing ourselves. And that will be then in a debate once we have better visibility when we are going to approach the market.
So far, it hasn't decided yet as a couple of opportunities or options are under evaluation in that regards.
It's really depending on market circumstances that we will see at that time. It's still a little bit too early to answer this question on the cadence. On TenneT, I think you were saying it right. There are discussions between governments, between the German government and the Dutch government. Of course, it's very difficult for a party like Elia Group to comment on discussions going on between the Dutch and the German government. Of course, there are many rumors in the market, but usually, we don't work based on the rumors. I would say the first step is to see whether a transaction happens at a certain point of the time. Second, then keep in mind that the position we have on the German market is absolutely key for Elia Group and that we want to keep our relevance on this market.
Thank you. I now propose to switch to Exane. Alberto, please go ahead with any question you still may have.
Hi, good morning. Thank you so much for taking my questions. I hope you can hear me properly. I will stick to two. The first one is coming back to your strategy in the U.S. after the acquisition of energyRe, the majority stake. If you could elaborate a little bit more on the rationale behind the acquisition and what is your strategy going into the future in the U.S. if you want to keep growing there and if you are looking at additional opportunities in terms of M&A or organic growth. Also, if you could give us some guidance on what's the expected financial contribution for Elia Group of the acquisition and if you have in mind any estimate of the IRR of your investment. That will be the first one.
And the second one, in terms of regulatory updates, last year, you had a lot both in Germany and in Belgium. And I wonder if you are still in talks with the regulator, especially in the case of your German existing assets, if you are expecting any upgrade or not or any other potential regulatory update in the coming months. Thank you so much.
Okay, so maybe first on the rationale for the transaction and what we expect in terms of further development. So first, in terms of rationale, we really see a number of developments around us and especially in the U.S. market that we believe are really interesting for a company like Elia Group that has built knowledge and developed competencies on the field of transmission lines and especially big corridors, offshore investments, and management of the electricity system. We have really learned in the last years, first, to work with many different technologies. And we are probably one of the companies having experienced the highest number of different technologies in terms of transmission infrastructure. We have really learned to manage the risks linked to those big infrastructure projects. We have expanded the volumes of procurements that we do.
And we see opportunity to monetize these competencies outside of Germany and outside of Belgium, while at the same time, continuing to develop the competencies that we have on other markets where, by definition, you learn other elements. And so we were looking for partnerships in the U.S. So we didn't want to do some development in the U.S. without doing it with, let's say, a local partner. We found energy Re, which is very complementary to the competencies that we have. So energy Re has a higher focus in terms of local stakeholders' management and ability to identify opportunities. And so having, on the one hand, the technical expertise and on the other hand, this stakeholders' management was very, very appealing and interesting.
And on top of that, energy Re has already a portfolio of three projects on which they are currently working and that we can help support to the risk. So that's really behind the rationale. Whether we want to continue to grow in the U.S. market, I would say there are two steps or two elements in that. First, and I mentioned that in the discussion before, we want to deliver on the existing investments. We want to maximize the value on the existing portfolio of the company. Or to put it differently, we want to prove that we can be successful in the U.S. together with Energy Re.
Once we have demonstrated this, indeed, we will consider possible other infrastructure in the U.S., always with Energy Re as a partner or with a partner in the U.S., never in isolation, and always having in mind that the profitability that we target on those types of investments is, of course, higher than the one that we have on the regulated activities. In the portfolio of energy Re, coming to your question of IRR, we set a minimum level of IRR of low double-digit for doing the investments. For the regulation, I give you the floor.
I have a ticket, yeah. So in Belgium, it's fair to say that all regulatory items are fixed for the running regulatory period, which has recently been started in 2024. Main components are, of course, asset-based remuneration with a step-up of the interest rate depending on the underlying, and an incentive scheme which includes multiple incentives on operational performance. That's the setup in Belgium. The fundamentals like asset-based remuneration have not changed neither. So in Germany, it's fair to say that it's formally not entirely closed for the regulatory period. But the main items, so we transferred all the assets into the new Capital Cost Adjustment Mechanism. That's more or less a RAB-based remuneration of the entire RAB and no distinction anymore between projects. That's a good one.
On the other side, we lost OpEx lump sum partly, in particular on the offshore projects, which we cannot cover cost increase anymore. However, the outcome of the cost assessment was finalized as well with a quite good outcome in that regard so that we feel comfortable, at least mid-term, to manage the cost within the framework which has been given. So the adjustments by the inflation remain and for the general productivity factors on the controllable costs as well, knowing that this component is not finalized yet. That's still outstanding. And to be honest here, we don't have visibility when the regulator is targeting to tackle it. However, we expect that that will be closed soon, potentially first half year, as that is particularly important for the DSOs, less for us as the impact for the general productivity factor has not been that high in the past.
As we stated in the figures for 2023, it was contrary to that. Inflation outweighed the adjustments by the productivity factor so that we get a higher cash allowance to apply in the revenues. On our individual efficiency factor, that's being set again at 100% so that there's no suffering from that one so that we feel comfortable to come through the regulatory period on the operational side. What the regulator has started recently is a discussion on how the future system shall look like and how it is going to be evolved. There are to be seen two trends already. One is that he is aware of the challenges, in particular, we have, and that there is a willingness to cope with the expected cost growth over the time so that there's nothing they want to let us suffer from. That's good.
The second is a distinction to some extent. Currently, it's a distinction between DSOs, so distribution system operator, and transmission system operator, as it is being seen that the load on a transmission system is a higher one and the necessity to realize the CapEx program is more urgent than on partly of the DSO level. These two factors will lead to discussions which are partly being done commonly and partly being done separately over the time. But it has recently kicked off. So far, we don't have visibility on how it will evolve. There are 15 theses being published by the regulator. They approached it differently than in the past. These 15 theses are mainly related to the distribution system operators. But it could give the guidance on which topics are going to be tackled over the next 12-15 months.
Thank you, Marco. I think we already had an extensive Q&A. We started with giving the opportunity to ABN AMRO and Citi. I see now Piotr from Citi joined again. So Piotr, please go ahead.
Yes, thank you very much for squeezing me in. I have two questions, please. So first of all, I wanted to ask you, how quickly do you expect your overall cost of debt to rise from the 2.1% you provided the last year figure? And what's the amount of outperformance you can generate on the debt financing side on the German element? And then the second question I have specifically to 50 Hertz net financial line, what is that you include in your guidance for 2024? Because it looks to me that you have a EUR 5 billion net debt rising. And so how much of the specific interest or net financial line will be in 2024 in this division?
Not sure whether I understood the last one correctly. So you refer to the debt raising on the German segment, and?
No, I just wanted to ask you, what is the net interest line you included in your guidance for 50 Hertz? Because you have a EUR 5 billion debt rising. And you say you have a 2% cost of financing. So that's like EUR 100 million financing charges at least or more, right? And then at the same time, this line was just minus EUR 60 million for 2023. So I just wanted to understand how the financial costs will evolve in the 50 Hertz.
So I think the guidance we have given to the net debt is a EUR 4 billion increase. So it's a little bit lower than you expected and 2.5 of it in Germany. And we currently assume a debt cost of 4% on senior debt over the group entities, more or less, in that area. And if you now make the math, then with 1/3 on top of that, what we have today, then the 2% shall go up depending on the point of issuance, as we are not issuing all the EUR 4 billion at the 1st of January. But as a rule of thumb, I would say that we are going to go up then to above 2.5% at the end of the year, knowing that it is further growing.
In terms of financial result, we do see the entire debt cost in the financial results, but not bottom line, as there's a mechanism which enables us. In Belgium, it's a pass-through due to the embedded debt principle. And in Germany, it's an artificial reference rate where we're usually relying on our debt funding. And as long as we are below that artificial reference line, we can pass the debt through as well so that there's no bottom line impact on the debt funding currently planned. Hope that gives you.
Yeah, that is clear. Thank you very much.
Okay. Good. We also have Thijs from ABN AMRO. So Thijs, I hope you have the opportunity as well now to raise your questions. I see that you're on mute, Thijs. So maybe you can unmute yourself. Yes?
Do you hear me now?
Yes, yes, we do.
All right. So congrats with a very strong operational performance. A couple of questions. Firstly, a bit of a technical one. Why are the $12 million U.S. transaction costs labeled as one-off? Were they meant to be spent in 2024 or so? Second question is on EEG cash. At year-end, it has come down to EUR 350 million. Can you maybe explain where it is now, early March, and what to expect for the remainder of 2024? Third question, that's on dividends. Looking at the huge cash-out for CapEx in the coming years, why still pay a dividend and waste dividend withholding tax while it's not needed? Why not simply cut the dividend to zero? And then final question on leverage. S&P downgraded in December. And you already explained that your net debt will go to EUR 13 billion. So I would estimate close to 10 times EBITDA.
Can you maybe also explain where the FFO to net debt ratio is right now and where it will go in 2024?
Okay. So how we are, let's pick the last one. So you mentioned rightly the leading number, which we are following then in the rating consideration, is the FFO to net debt number. And we recently hit the 9%, which triggers then in the outlook the downgrade on a group and on a German level. That being said, we are steering our debt funding and, of course, the equity funding in a way that we maintain into the corridor, which has been given by the rating agency. That's a 6%-9%, knowing that we want to maintain a sufficient margin above the 6% so that not an unforeseen event would trigger additional actions. So for the time being, we feel comfortable in an area more on the upper level of that guidance of S&P.
It's fair to say that it will further go down over the years with the CapEx spending and the debt funding. Dividends, I think it's pretty clear that's part of our dividend and financial policy, that we pay out the dividend in line with the inflation in Belgium. That's part of the agreement which we have with the main shareholders. They are relying on dividend payments to some extent. We must say that taking back a look at the FFO to net debt, it wouldn't differ anyhow. It helps to maintain money in a company. However, the payout helps to further attract our anchor shareholder to go with us and to confirm the commitment they have. That's a little bit the consideration which we have that actually does to that agreement and where we are still sticking to.
We believe that's the best outcome. That's why we are going to follow that. Then on EEG cash, last year, so beginning of 2023, we started with a relatively high cash balance there. No grants have been given by the government in that regard. So we use the cash payments to compensate the part of the deficit between the market price and the premium the renewable energy producer received with this cash. For the year 2024, there's a EUR 10.6 billion amount being budgeted over Germany to cope with that difference. There's a scheme in place which adjusts month by month within a certain liquidity corridor. That leads to the fact that we will potentially not see the huge excess in cash in a certain month, but all the time within a corridor.
That being said, due to the drop in market prices, it seems to that the EUR 10.6 billion might not be sufficient over year. We are in good discussion with the ministry on how to cope with that and particular additional budget to be provided by the German state to balance a potential deficit, which could be remarkable in the long run. But for the time being, we are still in a positive territory and have a good discussion in that regard. It's so far too early to say something differently. We are sticking to the plan that government provides the sufficient funds to that one. On energyRe, EUR 12 million installment or transaction costs. As Catherine stated, currently, we are not having another file directly on the table.
We want to develop that kind of investment and want to grow within the borders which we have entered in. And therefore, we don't expect that we have it year by year. And that simply said was fair to assume that this is a kind of one-off to be stated in our accounts, as this has nothing to do with our operational performance.
Okay. Thank you very much.
And then I would go to the last analyst of the group, Petercam . I see we have Kris as well. So Kris, please go ahead if you have still pending questions?
Yes, good morning. One remaining question from my side. I was thinking about the follow-up of the management team. I think there's an important period coming up for Elia in general for the coming years, both in equity raises, debt raises, of course, with a big investment program. So any news about the, let's say, interim CEO and CFO shifts? Will this be permanent, or what can you state about that? Or will there be announcements on that front? Thank you.
It's a little bit too early to make any announcement on that. Otherwise, we would probably have done it today. The board is currently looking at the succession for the CEO position. In terms of profile, like you can expect, there are many characteristics linked to a CEO function in itself. More specifically to Elia, they are looking for someone having C-level experience in the energy sector, business profile with also experience within an international environment, preferably. Of course, as soon as there are more news, we will communicate on those news.
Okay. Thank you.
And then I saw that also ING entered the call. Quirijn, do you still have a pending question that has not yet been raised? Quirijn, you are on mute. No? Then Quirijn? Then I propose that we end the session, and then we will contact you directly, Quirijn. So if you can still ask your questions then offline, I propose then that we end this lively Q&A.
Yeah, indeed, Yannick, since there are no further questions from our audience, I would like to conclude today's presentation. Thank you, Catherine Vandenborre. Thank you, Marco Nix, for being with us. Thank you also, Yannick Dekoninck, for your valuable contribution. I would like to extend a special thanks to Stéphanie Luyten, Marleen Vanhecke, Helen Bergesse, and also Catherine Bonnet and the entire technical team behind the scenes. A recording of the presentation, along with slides and the script, will be made available on our website later today. We look forward to connecting with you again soon. Have a nice day.