Kakao Balance Sheet

Financials in millions KRW. Fiscal year is January - December.

Millions KRW. Fiscal year is Jan - Dec.

Fiscal Year	FY 2025	FY 2024	FY 2023	FY 2022	FY 2021
Period Ending	Dec '25 Dec 31, 2025	Dec '24 Dec 31, 2024	Dec '23 Dec 31, 2023	Dec '22 Dec 31, 2022	Dec '21 Dec 31, 2021
Cash & Equivalents	6,817,965	6,145,133	5,389,191	4,780,244	5,231,504
Short-Term Investments	2,133,144	1,638,218	1,812,806	1,225,622	1,583,563
Trading Asset Securities	1,384,195	1,050,168	897,257	565,644	305,060
Cash & Short-Term Investments	10,335,304	8,833,519	8,099,254	6,571,510	7,120,127
Cash Growth	17.00%	9.07%	23.25%	-7.70%	91.98%
Accounts Receivable	568,287	537,737	622,027	440,899	398,117
Other Receivables	-	705,172	582,747	331,048	264,637
Receivables	568,287	1,259,939	1,230,344	787,364	707,234
Inventory	76,541	64,901	138,644	160,328	91,808
Prepaid Expenses	-	107,572	104,125	92,073	86,688
Other Current Assets	1,398,592	439,002	366,248	144,458	96,338
Total Current Assets	12,378,724	10,704,934	9,938,614	7,755,733	8,102,194
Property, Plant & Equipment	3,066,714	2,979,032	3,110,086	2,600,989	1,954,150
Long-Term Investments	5,786,648	5,482,510	5,100,567	4,613,675	4,747,353
Goodwill	-	3,700,034	4,078,204	4,477,204	4,900,150
Other Intangible Assets	5,226,154	1,396,466	1,648,733	1,544,920	1,447,441
Long-Term Deferred Tax Assets	515,769	498,110	519,144	493,980	76,920
Long-Term Deferred Charges	-	40,310	41,949	227.91	204.07
Other Long-Term Assets	824,523	936,072	712,741	1,444,667	1,556,147
Total Assets	27,798,532	25,773,028	25,179,969	22,963,544	22,784,559
Accounts Payable	2,167,684	227,323	241,859	94,417	69,748
Accrued Expenses	-	397,141	353,850	193,844	264,419
Short-Term Debt	1,144,218	1,874,036	1,518,812	1,083,767	1,783,035
Current Portion of Long-Term Debt	-	-	99,918	-	125.24
Current Portion of Leases	331,295	316,124	285,586	244,391	169,531
Current Income Taxes Payable	211,477	107,458	144,441	157,670	188,902
Current Unearned Revenue	-	144,533	97,201	66,117	76,084
Other Current Liabilities	4,925,827	5,459,963	4,809,229	2,914,590	2,702,622
Total Current Liabilities	8,780,501	8,526,579	7,550,896	4,754,798	5,254,466
Long-Term Debt	990,548	327,870	845,628	1,176,181	553,054
Long-Term Leases	1,559,477	1,718,550	1,731,599	1,643,416	1,318,155
Long-Term Unearned Revenue	-	3,874	20,814	41,406	-
Pension & Post-Retirement Benefits	24,925	31,239	22,455	18,514	-
Long-Term Deferred Tax Liabilities	772,225	726,297	719,232	606,586	756,520
Other Long-Term Liabilities	435,332	481,276	417,503	1,193,809	1,315,464
Total Liabilities	12,563,008	11,815,683	11,308,126	9,434,709	9,197,659
Common Stock	44,300	44,416	44,535	44,592	44,641
Additional Paid-In Capital	8,803,321	8,911,043	8,839,891	8,116,372	7,781,648
Retained Earnings	2,611,486	1,943,498	1,922,137	3,031,388	1,689,445
Treasury Stock	-	-1,034	-1,034	-1,034	-1,034
Comprehensive Income & Other	-171,683	-756,624	-1,041,810	-1,207,601	449,929
Total Common Equity	11,287,424	10,141,300	9,763,719	9,983,718	9,964,628
Minority Interest	3,948,100	3,801,594	4,094,880	3,532,000	3,603,706
Shareholders' Equity	15,235,524	13,957,345	13,871,843	13,528,835	13,586,900
Total Liabilities & Equity	27,798,532	25,773,028	25,179,969	22,963,544	22,784,559
Total Debt	4,025,538	4,236,580	4,481,543	4,147,755	3,823,900
Net Cash (Debt)	6,309,766	4,596,939	3,617,711	2,423,755	3,296,226
Net Cash Growth	37.26%	27.07%	49.26%	-26.47%	19.50%
Net Cash Per Share	14344.37	10380.48	8270.55	5475.78	7439.87
Filing Date Shares Outstanding	439.88	439.01	438.21	436.7	449.77
Total Common Shares Outstanding	-	439.01	438.21	436.7	449.77
Working Capital	3,598,223	2,178,355	2,387,718	3,000,935	2,847,728
Book Value Per Share	25660.39	23100.43	22281.11	22861.78	22154.76
Tangible Book Value	6,061,270	5,044,799	4,036,782	3,961,594	3,617,037
Tangible Book Value Per Share	13779.45	11491.33	9212.06	9071.68	8041.90
Land	-	102,991	159,378	109,896	98,630
Buildings	-	503,007	194,922	92,949	66,105
Machinery	-	1,524,944	1,351,959	1,079,065	785,586
Construction In Progress	-	92,546	396,184	181,104	45,290

Updated Dec 31, 2025. Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence. Standard template. Financial Sources.