Kakao Balance Sheet

Financials in millions KRW. Fiscal year is January - December.

Millions KRW. Fiscal year is Jan - Dec.

Fiscal Year	FY 2025	FY 2024	FY 2023	FY 2022	FY 2021
Period Ending	Dec '25 Dec 31, 2025	Dec '24 Dec 31, 2024	Dec '23 Dec 31, 2023	Dec '22 Dec 31, 2022	Dec '21 Dec 31, 2021
Cash & Equivalents	6,373,784	6,169,766	5,389,191	4,780,244	5,231,504
Short-Term Investments	2,457,914	1,667,587	1,812,806	1,225,622	1,583,563
Trading Asset Securities	1,557,767	1,050,168	897,257	565,644	305,060
Cash & Short-Term Investments	10,389,465	8,887,520	8,099,254	6,571,510	7,120,127
Cash Growth	16.90%	9.73%	23.25%	-7.70%	91.98%
Accounts Receivable	569,486	548,689	622,027	440,899	398,117
Other Receivables	826,515	706,782	582,747	331,048	264,637
Receivables	1,423,755	1,272,501	1,230,344	787,364	707,234
Inventory	76,541	81,053	138,644	160,328	91,808
Prepaid Expenses	138,491	108,828	104,125	92,073	86,688
Other Current Assets	345,924	356,779	366,248	144,458	96,338
Total Current Assets	12,374,176	10,706,682	9,938,614	7,755,733	8,102,194
Property, Plant & Equipment	3,064,665	3,143,454	3,110,086	2,600,989	1,954,150
Long-Term Investments	5,772,850	5,495,476	5,100,567	4,613,675	4,747,353
Goodwill	3,864,103	3,721,421	4,078,204	4,477,204	4,900,150
Other Intangible Assets	1,336,702	1,409,010	1,648,733	1,544,920	1,447,441
Long-Term Deferred Tax Assets	519,170	508,707	519,144	493,980	76,920
Long-Term Deferred Charges	26,954	40,310	41,949	227.91	204.07
Other Long-Term Assets	809,043	712,121	712,741	1,444,667	1,556,147
Total Assets	27,783,525	25,773,028	25,179,969	22,963,544	22,784,559
Accounts Payable	228,086	228,085	241,859	94,417	69,748
Accrued Expenses	378,099	398,548	353,850	193,844	264,419
Short-Term Debt	1,128,853	1,874,404	1,518,812	1,083,767	1,783,035
Current Portion of Long-Term Debt	-	-	99,918	-	125.24
Current Portion of Leases	331,487	325,419	285,586	244,391	169,531
Current Income Taxes Payable	212,551	107,445	144,441	157,670	188,902
Current Unearned Revenue	164,550	145,759	97,201	66,117	76,084
Other Current Liabilities	6,320,756	5,446,918	4,809,229	2,914,590	2,702,622
Total Current Liabilities	8,764,381	8,526,579	7,550,896	4,754,798	5,254,466
Long-Term Debt	990,548	327,870	845,628	1,176,181	553,054
Long-Term Leases	1,559,646	1,802,512	1,731,599	1,643,416	1,318,155
Long-Term Unearned Revenue	10,323	3,874	20,814	41,406	-
Pension & Post-Retirement Benefits	24,925	31,731	22,455	18,514	-
Long-Term Deferred Tax Liabilities	769,090	727,311	719,232	606,586	756,520
Other Long-Term Liabilities	424,324	395,807	417,503	1,193,809	1,315,464
Total Liabilities	12,543,237	11,815,683	11,308,126	9,434,709	9,197,659
Common Stock	44,300	44,416	44,535	44,592	44,641
Additional Paid-In Capital	8,803,321	8,911,043	8,839,891	8,116,372	7,781,648
Retained Earnings	2,684,520	1,943,498	1,922,137	3,031,388	1,689,445
Treasury Stock	-1,034	-1,034	-1,034	-1,034	-1,034
Comprehensive Income & Other	-254,890	-756,624	-1,041,810	-1,207,601	449,929
Total Common Equity	11,276,218	10,141,300	9,763,719	9,983,718	9,964,628
Minority Interest	3,948,704	3,801,594	4,094,880	3,532,000	3,603,706
Shareholders' Equity	15,240,287	13,957,345	13,871,843	13,528,835	13,586,900
Total Liabilities & Equity	27,783,525	25,773,028	25,179,969	22,963,544	22,784,559
Total Debt	4,010,534	4,330,205	4,481,543	4,147,755	3,823,900
Net Cash (Debt)	6,378,931	4,557,315	3,617,711	2,423,755	3,296,226
Net Cash Growth	39.97%	25.97%	49.26%	-26.47%	19.50%
Net Cash Per Share	14455.58	10291.01	8270.55	5475.78	7439.87
Filing Date Shares Outstanding	440.05	439.01	438.21	436.7	449.77
Total Common Shares Outstanding	440.05	439.01	438.21	436.7	449.77
Working Capital	3,609,795	2,180,103	2,387,718	3,000,935	2,847,728
Book Value Per Share	25624.59	23100.43	22281.11	22861.78	22154.76
Tangible Book Value	6,075,413	5,010,868	4,036,782	3,961,594	3,617,037
Tangible Book Value Per Share	13806.05	11414.04	9212.06	9071.68	8041.90
Land	194,356	131,408	159,378	109,896	98,630
Buildings	524,505	516,209	194,922	92,949	66,105
Machinery	1,654,533	1,540,667	1,351,959	1,079,065	785,586
Construction In Progress	259,780	121,064	396,184	181,104	45,290

Updated Dec 31, 2025. Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence. Standard template. Financial Sources.