Kakao Ratios and Metrics

Market cap in millions KRW. Fiscal year is January - December.

Millions KRW. Fiscal year is Jan - Dec.

Fiscal Year	Current	FY 2024	FY 2023	FY 2022	FY 2021	FY 2020
Period Ending	Mar '26 Mar 2, 2026	Dec '24 Dec 31, 2024	Dec '23 Dec 31, 2023	Dec '22 Dec 31, 2022	Dec '21 Dec 31, 2021	Dec '20 Dec 31, 2020
Market Capitalization	24,737,270	16,766,365	23,785,714	23,185,190	48,776,953	33,476,209
Market Cap Growth	34.80%	-29.51%	2.59%	-52.47%	45.71%	166.02%
Enterprise Value	22,764,631	17,637,322	26,373,915	24,369,253	47,567,594	31,489,474
Last Close Price	56200.00	38142.40	54159.90	52963.00	112085.98	77577.07
PE Ratio	117.40	303.31	-	17.07	35.16	220.82
Forward PE	37.48	37.52	57.90	40.60	44.98	55.19
PS Ratio	3.12	2.13	3.15	3.41	8.25	8.22
PB Ratio	1.69	1.20	1.72	1.71	3.59	4.52
P/TBV Ratio	4.82	3.32	5.89	5.85	13.49	11.42
P/FCF Ratio	30.38	19.25	31.05	102.84	44.74	42.49
P/OCF Ratio	20.49	13.41	17.74	34.18	37.33	34.47
PEG Ratio	0.22	1.35	2.07	-	0.53	2.30
EV/Sales Ratio	2.87	2.24	3.49	3.58	8.05	7.73
EV/EBITDA Ratio	15.86	13.75	21.97	21.19	49.61	44.07
EV/EBIT Ratio	38.91	39.46	59.95	42.87	81.20	70.27
EV/FCF Ratio	27.96	20.25	34.43	108.09	43.63	39.96
Debt / Equity Ratio	0.27	0.30	0.32	0.31	0.28	0.13
Debt / EBITDA Ratio	2.84	3.30	3.73	3.61	3.99	1.33
Debt / FCF Ratio	4.92	4.87	5.85	18.40	3.51	1.21
Net Debt / Equity Ratio	-0.41	-0.33	-0.26	-0.18	-0.24	-0.37
Net Debt / EBITDA Ratio	-4.27	-3.58	-3.01	-2.11	-3.44	-3.86
Net Debt / FCF Ratio	-7.40	-5.28	-4.72	-10.75	-3.02	-3.50
Asset Turnover	0.30	0.31	0.31	0.30	0.34	0.39
Inventory Turnover	5.36	4.98	3.30	3.84	4.77	6.01
Quick Ratio	1.33	1.18	1.23	1.54	1.48	1.58
Current Ratio	1.41	1.25	1.32	1.63	1.54	1.68
Return on Equity (ROE)	1.18%	-1.16%	-13.26%	7.87%	15.63%	2.57%
Return on Assets (ROA)	1.33%	1.10%	1.14%	1.55%	2.11%	2.71%
Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)	5.28%	4.56%	4.12%	4.47%	5.62%	4.13%
Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)	3.10%	2.60%	2.50%	3.10%	3.30%	4.80%
Earnings Yield	0.94%	0.33%	-4.26%	5.86%	2.84%	0.45%
FCF Yield	3.29%	5.19%	3.22%	0.97%	2.23%	2.35%
Dividend Yield	0.11%	0.18%	0.11%	0.11%	0.05%	0.04%
Payout Ratio	16.75%	78.65%	-	1.69%	0.93%	8.75%
Buyback Yield / Dilution	-1.23%	-1.24%	1.18%	0.09%	-2.38%	-8.57%
Total Shareholder Return	-1.12%	-1.06%	1.29%	0.21%	-2.33%	-8.54%

Updated Sep 30, 2025. Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence. Standard template. Financial Sources.