Kakao Ratios and Metrics

Market cap in millions KRW. Fiscal year is January - December.

Millions KRW. Fiscal year is Jan - Dec.

Fiscal Year	Current	FY 2025	FY 2024	FY 2023	FY 2022	FY 2021
Period Ending	Mar '26 Mar 20, 2026	Dec '25 Dec 31, 2025	Dec '24 Dec 31, 2024	Dec '23 Dec 31, 2023	Dec '22 Dec 31, 2022	Dec '21 Dec 31, 2021
Market Capitalization	20,651,276	26,442,983	16,766,365	23,785,714	23,185,190	48,776,953
Market Cap Growth	18.94%	57.71%	-29.51%	2.59%	-52.47%	45.71%
Enterprise Value	18,289,610	24,470,344	17,637,322	26,373,915	24,369,253	47,567,594
Last Close Price	46900.00	60015.90	38089.03	54084.12	52888.89	111929.14
PE Ratio	40.47	52.80	303.31	-	17.07	35.16
Forward PE	31.43	37.14	37.52	57.90	40.60	44.98
PS Ratio	2.55	3.27	2.13	3.15	3.41	8.25
PB Ratio	1.36	1.74	1.20	1.72	1.71	3.59
P/TBV Ratio	3.41	4.36	3.32	5.89	5.85	13.49
P/FCF Ratio	-	-	19.25	31.05	102.84	44.74
P/OCF Ratio	-	-	13.41	17.74	34.18	37.33
PEG Ratio	0.19	1.35	1.35	2.07	-	0.53
EV/Sales Ratio	2.26	3.02	2.24	3.49	3.58	8.05
EV/EBITDA Ratio	11.02	15.59	13.75	21.97	21.19	49.61
EV/EBIT Ratio	22.25	33.43	39.46	59.95	42.87	81.20
EV/FCF Ratio	-	-	20.25	34.43	108.09	43.63
Debt / Equity Ratio	0.26	0.26	0.30	0.32	0.31	0.28
Debt / EBITDA Ratio	2.56	2.56	3.30	3.73	3.61	3.99
Debt / FCF Ratio	-	-	4.87	5.85	18.40	3.51
Net Debt / Equity Ratio	-0.41	-0.41	-0.33	-0.26	-0.18	-0.24
Net Debt / EBITDA Ratio	-4.02	-4.02	-3.58	-3.01	-2.11	-3.44
Net Debt / FCF Ratio	-	-	-5.28	-4.72	-10.75	-3.02
Asset Turnover	0.30	0.30	0.31	0.31	0.30	0.34
Inventory Turnover	68.49	68.49	4.98	3.30	3.84	4.77
Quick Ratio	1.24	1.24	1.18	1.23	1.54	1.48
Current Ratio	1.41	1.41	1.25	1.32	1.63	1.54
Return on Equity (ROE)	-	-	-1.16%	-13.26%	7.87%	15.63%
Return on Assets (ROA)	-	-	1.10%	1.14%	1.55%	2.11%
Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)	7.04%	6.77%	4.56%	4.12%	4.47%	5.62%
Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)	3.80%	3.80%	2.60%	2.50%	3.10%	3.30%
Earnings Yield	2.43%	1.89%	0.33%	-4.26%	5.86%	2.84%
FCF Yield	-	-	5.19%	3.22%	0.97%	2.23%
Dividend Yield	0.15%	-	0.18%	0.11%	0.11%	0.05%
Payout Ratio	-	-	78.65%	-	1.69%	0.93%
Buyback Yield / Dilution	0.67%	0.67%	-1.24%	1.18%	0.09%	-2.38%
Total Shareholder Return	0.82%	0.67%	-1.06%	1.29%	0.21%	-2.33%

Updated Dec 31, 2025. Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence. Standard template. Financial Sources.