Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to International Consolidated Airlines Group's full year 2024 results. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. Later, we will conduct a question-and-answer session through the phone line, and the instructions will follow at that time. I would like to remind all participants that this call is being recorded. I will now hand over to Luis Gallego, Chief Executive Officer, to open the presentation. Please go ahead.
Good morning, everyone, and welcome to our full year 2024 results. As usual, I'm here with Nicholas Cadbury, our Chief Financial and Sustainability Officer, as well as other members of the IAG Management Committee. I'm going to start today by reminding you of the key elements of our investment case. Our fundamentals are very strong. We have a unique, strong core proposition. We have the best network in the world and the best hubs. Our brands in those hubs are incredibly strong. Think Iberia in Madrid or Aer Lingus in Dublin. Our customer base is highly attractive. Think BA in London. And we have propositions that bring together the market, the brands, and the hubs. Think Vueling in Barcelona. We are also executing well. Our transformation program is delivering world-class margins through revenue, cost, and operations across the group.
Transformation is also designed to make this a more resilient, sustainable business that can perform well through the cycle, and this is delivered by a talented team of over 74,000 employees around the world. If you put those two elements together, it means we are creating significant value for our shareholders. We are delivering sustainable earnings growth. We are delivering a strong free cash flow after investing in the business, and we are delivering significant cash returns to our shareholders. Our strategy is simple. Firstly, we want to make the core of the business stronger. We are getting even stronger in those attractive markets and hubs that I have just mentioned by adding destinations and frequencies and improving our schedules, and we are strengthening our portfolio of attractive brands through improving the offering and operations at each of our airlines. Secondly, we want to grow our asset-light, higher-margin businesses.
IAG Loyalty continues to deliver very strong performance, expanding the ways it can create value, and it is now our third-largest operating company by profit. We can also expand by leveraging our partnerships so our customers can fly on the best network of flights globally. Thirdly, we want to ensure this is a business that can continue to offer its customers, employees, and shareholders a long-term future financially and for society, as aviation has a clear role to play in connecting people and businesses, as well as providing jobs and economic growth. These strategic imperatives are designed to deliver sustainable, resilient profitability, as well as creative growth.
We set some targets out at our capital markets day in 2023 for what we wanted to achieve: operating margins of between 12% and 15%, return on invested capital between 13% and 16%, and leverage of less than [1 point] times through the cycle. If you look at those targets, you can see that our strategy is now very much delivering. We have seen results that are the best in this company's history, one billion more than in 2018 on a pro forma basis. It is delivering for all of our stakeholders, but in particular for our shareholders. We grew revenue by 9%, with growing operating profit by 27%. We have achieved a 13.8% margin, securing return on invested capital of 17.3%. This is exceptional performance for any business. I emphasize that this is not the peak, but the start of a more sustained level of profit.
Our disciplined capital allocation framework means that we generated almost EUR 3.6 billion of free cash flow after investing EUR 2.8 billion in the business. Our balance sheet is strong, and Nicholas will tell you in a minute how we are going to maintain that strength. We are rewarding our shareholders with an ordinary dividend that we intend to be sustainable through the cycle, with a share buyback program of EUR 350 million that we announced in November. With confidence in our ability to deliver sustainable, strong free cash flow, we are pleased to announce the return of up to EUR 1 billion of excess capital to shareholders in up to the next 12 months. I will now hand you over to Nicholas to take you through the numbers.
Thank you, Luis. Good morning, everyone. I'm pleased to be presenting our strong financial results for the year. This slide shows the key metric trends and demonstrates our delivery of a world-class performance through 2024. The revenue increased to EUR 32 billion, driven by our strong networks and brands, and we delivered an operating profit of EUR 4.4 billion, up almost EUR 1 billion. Our transformation program has secured a structural step-up in operating margins to an industry-leading 13.8%, which in turn helped us deliver significant free cash flow and adjusted earnings per share growth of just over 12%. We believe these metrics represent a best-in-class financial performance, not just in Europe.
Moving on to how our year-on-year operating profit growth was delivered, the increase was mainly delivered on the back of strong passenger revenue growth, reflecting the power of our hubs, improvements we are making in our networks, and the investments in our customer propositions. On the right, you can see the impact of our transformation programs around the group. British Airways delivered a post-pandemic profit catch-up that the other airlines had already achieved, and we secured further profit growth from our Spanish businesses. Likewise, IAG Loyalty continues to deliver high double-digit margin and asset-light earnings growth. Now let's look at the performance of our operating companies in more detail. I'm very pleased that almost all our businesses delivered world-class operating margins in their own right.
Aer Lingus, despite a summer where it faced significant industrial action, as well as strong competition at its Dublin hub, still delivered a credible financial performance with operating profit of EUR 205 million and an operating margin of nearly 9%. British Airways' profits increased 50% in the year to over GBP 2 billion, and our operating margin increased by over 4 percentage points to 14.2%. This is helped by strong demand in its core North Atlantic markets, coupled with the benefits we're delivering from its transformation program. Iberia built on the strong margin it achieved in 2023, delivering a 9% increase in profits. This was the first time in the history that it has generated over EUR 1 billion in operating profit, and it continues to sustain a high operating margin of 13.6%. Vueling's margins remain strong and best-in-class at over 12%, generating EUR 400 million of profit.
IAG Loyalty continues to deliver double-digit profit growth and to achieve GBP 420 million of profit. The Loyalty Group now includes the BA Holidays business, where we see tremendous growth potential in the future. Moving on to our recent performance in more detail. Overall, we saw strong demand and unit revenue in all of our core markets during 2024. We ended the year strongly, with quarter four seeing the largest quarterly unit revenue increase of 2024, with a 6% increase, and on a full-year basis, unit revenue across the group increased by 3.1%, helping to drive the overall revenue growth of 9%. North America is our largest and most profitable market, accounting for a third of our capacity, with unit revenue increasing by 6.2%. Quarter four was incredibly strong, with unit revenue increasing by 14%.
Strong performance was widespread, however you measure it, with our main transfer-bound airlines seeing unit revenue increase by double-digit percentages. Europe continues to be one of our best-performing markets, with high single-digit revenue growth. Quarter four was again strong, with British Airways and Aer Lingus in particular. Aer Lingus extended the seasonality of some of its strongly performing exposure routes, and British Airways saw good growth in both business and leg traffic. North America and the Caribbean is our third biggest market, accounting for 20% of our capacity. Unit revenue fell by just over 2% during the year, but in the context of a 12% capacity growth, this shows the strong demand for our offering in the region. Iberia continues to drive most of the capacity increase in this region, and routes to Mexico were particularly strong for both Iberia and British Airways.
Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia turned positive in quarter four as we started to cycle over the Middle East conflict. Asia-Pacific is our smallest market and is the only market that hasn't recovered to pre-pandemic capacity, with capacity of 27% as we started flying Madrid to Tokyo with Iberia and resumed flights to Bangkok with British Airways, so overall, we saw strong demand, particularly across our core markets, and we're continuing to see that, which we are continuing to see, although still early in the year, and we plan to grow capacity around 3% in 2025, again focusing on our core markets. Our margins are supported by our cost transformation program. Our total non-fuel unit costs increased by 2.6% in 2024, slightly higher than our previous guidance, driven by a larger-than-expected negative FX impact in quarter four.
Our employee unit costs increased just over 7%, driven by pay deals, investments in resilience FX, and performance-related pay links to our strong financial results. Supplier unit costs reduced as our transformation initiatives offset general inflation pressures and cost increases related to customer experience and IT investments. Unit costs increased to represent new aircraft deliveries and investments in our operations and fleet. For 2025, we expect similar trends on overall unit costs, together with additional foreign exchange translation efforts. This slide shows our financial results at the net profit level. Profit after tax and exceptional items was EUR 2.6 billion. There are three things I just wanted to highlight here. Firstly, our net interest costs reduced by EUR 200 million in 2024, mainly due to the lower gross debt resulting from the early repayment in the second half of 2023 of expensive government-supported debt.
Secondly, we've recognized an exceptional charge of EUR 160 million relating to the employee restructuring in Iberia's ground handling subsidiary, and an exceptional charge of EUR 50 million to terminate the agreement to acquire the remaining 80% stake. Lastly, our P&L tax charge normalized in 2024 at an effective rate of 23%. This compares to a rate of 13% in 2023, which was reduced by the recognition of prior year tax losses, notably in the group's management business. Ultimately, we're a business that generates significant free cash flow in a robust trading environment that we are currently enjoying. During 2024, we generated just over EUR 6.4 billion of net cash from operating activities, an increase of almost EUR 1.8 billion. This allowed us to invest EUR 2.8 billion into the business.
For 2025, we expect to continue to generate significant free cash flow at a lower level than in 2024 due to two specific things. Firstly, whilst we are confident in our legal position, we're required to pay EUR 557 million of VAT to HMRC, the years going back to 2018, pending the outcome of a legal appeal in respect of our loyalty business that we disclosed last year. Secondly, we expect CapEx to step up to around EUR 3.7 billion as we take delivery of more aircraft and continue to invest in our business as we execute our long-term strategy. Turning now to our balance sheet performance, I'm pleased that our balance sheet continues to strengthen, with a reduction not only in net debt but also our gross and net leverage.
Our net debt reduced by over EUR 1.7 billion compared to last year, and is down almost EUR 3 billion compared to December 2022. Our gross and net leverage reduced to 2.5 times and 1.1 times, respectively. This is well below our net leverage target of 1.8 times. We do want to further reduce our gross leverage to give us more resilience, a process we began last month with a buyback of EUR 577 million of our 2027 and 2029 senior unsecured IAG bonds. We also intend to redeem over EUR 500 million of our 2025 IAG bond next month and keep around two-thirds of the 26 expected aircraft deliveries this year unencumbered. This slide shows our maturity of our non-aircraft debt.
You can see the impact of the bond buybacks that we've just done, and that once we redeem our 2025 bond for cash, we'll have almost no non-lease debt to repay until 2027. As a reminder, ensuring the business is appropriately invested, it is a priority for us. This slide shows our updated CapEx guidance for the year and 2027. Starting with last year, CapEx came in a little lower than the EUR 3.1 billion we previously expected. This was driven by the reprofiling of pre-delivery payments for future aircraft deliveries and supply chain constraints, which delayed our onboard cabin refurbishment and property maintenance programs. Looking forward, we expect to take on 26 new aircraft deliveries this year: 14 short-haul aircraft, two widebody long-haul aircraft, and 10 A321 XLR. As I mentioned earlier, we expect to spend about EUR 3.7 billion on CapEx and around the same in 2026.
As a reminder, this is our gross CapEx expenditure before sale and lease-back transactions. And finally, for me, I want to remind you about how we think about our capital allocation, which is core to creating value for our sellers. Our first priority is to maintain our balance sheet strength, targeting net leverage below 1.8 times through the cycle, which is a proxy for investment-grade status. Our second priority is to invest in the long-term strength of the business with a focus on rebuilding our fleet, improving our customer experience, and enhancing our digital capabilities and advancing the sustainability agenda. And of course, we're committed to sustainable shareholder returns. Firstly, through ordinary dividends, which have been set to a sustainable level throughout the cycle, which will total EUR 435 million by 2024.
And secondly, by returning excess cash to shareholders when our net leverage is below 1.2 times to 1.5 times, depending on commitments and the outlook. We started to do this with a EUR 350 million buyback program last year. And as Luis mentioned earlier, pleased that given our cash flow profile and confidence in the outlook, we can confirm this commitment by an intention to return an additional EUR 1 billion in excess cash over the next 12 months. On that positive note, I will now hand back to Luis.
Thank you, Nicholas. We showed you a version of this slide last year, highlighting the main drivers of value creation over the next couple of years. And we are delivering on those initiatives. British Airways is making good progress in this plan to deliver a 15% margin in 2027, with a very strong year in 2024.
This has been delivered as it improves its customer proposition and operational efficiency. Our Spanish businesses have grown their profits and maintained their profitability and are close to their EUR 1.5 billion ambition. We will tell you more about this in the insight day that we are going to have in Madrid in June, which the IR team is going to confirm in due course. And IAG Loyalty goes from strength to strength, growing by just over 14% this year to deliver profit of GBP 420 million. And we have an ambition to continue to grow this business at over 10% per annum. So I will now spend a few minutes on each of our strategic imperatives. Our first priority is to grow our portfolio of global leadership positions. In the North Atlantic, we have a leading position.
Alongside our joint business partners, we operate around 150 flights every day across the North Atlantic, and we have a 58% share from the U.S. to London. We continue to invest in this core market. BA is consolidating its network, although constrained by aircraft availability and delivery schedules, and we are excited by the opportunity to increase North Atlantic profitability at Iberia and Aer Lingus as we introduce the A321 extra long-range aircraft, which gives us the ability to manage frequencies, seasonality, or the mix of widebody versus narrowbody. We are equally excited about the Latin American market. As you will have heard many people say, Madrid is the new Miami, with increasing investment in Spain from wealthy Latin Americans, while Spain itself is one of the best-performing economies in Europe. Iberia is increasing its market share of the traffic in this market and benefiting from the strong demand.
Our third core market is intra-Europe, with a particular focus on Spain. Spain is the biggest domestic market in Europe, and the U.K . to Spain corridor is the biggest international market, and we have very strong positions in both. Half of our short-haul traffic represents connecting flights, and the remainder is operated by our efficient low-cost airlines such as Vueling or Iberia Express, which are among the most profitable in Europe. Any airline that runs a robust operation is a more efficient and profitable one. It was a core function of the improvement in profitability at British Airways this year, where they increased their on-time performance by 12 percentage points. This was a direct result of the investment in the teams at Heathrow, alongside investment in technology at our Global Operations Center, and as some of you saw when you visited BA last year.
Aer Lingus also improved its OTP significantly by seven percentage points. This was through the optimization of processes around scheduling, planning, and ground handling, as well as operational responsiveness. At Iberia and Vueling, we operate two of the most punctual airlines in the world, despite the ongoing challenges of European ATC. Moving on to how we are investing in making our customer journeys and experiences better, we are investing in new aircraft such as the XLR, which have the latest products on board, and we are retrofitting all the aircraft with new seats and technology. We continue to train our people to deliver the levels of service that our customers demand. In particular, we are supporting them with the tools to do that, for example, through the Connected Crew system that fixes potential issues before the passenger is even aware they exist.
We are updating our lounges throughout the network at Aer Lingus, BA, and Iberia, in places like New York, Boston, and Singapore, with more to come, and technology is a fundamental driver of improving the journey, with investments in apps, websites, disruptions, self-service, and always on digital travel assistance. As we have mentioned before, transformation is at the heart of everything we do to make our business more competitive, more resilient, and more efficient. We are doing it all the time, everywhere. Much of what I have already described is included in our transformation, such as investing in our operations, fleet, and our customers. On this slide, we are highlighting some of the initiatives that will become part of our longer-term differentiators. One key area where all of our airlines are improving is in the way that they retail their offerings, leading to revenue benefits and cost savings.
British Airways will lead us into the next generation of airline retail platforms with new revenue management and commercial platforms, as well as app and website upgrades, and both Aer Lingus and Iberia are leveraging the new distribution capability to drive better content and distribution. Across all our airlines, we are using machine learning and AI to drive cost and efficiency. For example, Vueling's scheduling, maintenance, and automation of reporting. Coming now to IAG Loyalty, this is the biggest driver of capital-like earnings growth in the group. This has almost doubled its profit since 2019 and grew by over 14% last year. They are focused on increasing loyalty to our own partner airlines, including new partnerships with Finnair and Loganair in the last 12 months, as well as creating value for non-airline partners like Amex, or recently, Revolut or Royal Caribbean. Last year, we moved BA Holidays to loyalty.
Currently, only 5% of BA Club members book a BA holiday, but these customers represent almost 80% of BA Holidays bookings, and only around 20% of those bookings use any Avios. We forecast that a 10% increase in BA Club members booking a BA holiday will double revenues. This is a huge opportunity for us and for our customers. Our people are critical to our success. Last year, we recruited over 12,000 people across the group, showing the power of our brands. Specifically, we have pilot academies operating at Aer Lingus, BA, and Iberia, as we ensure that the next generation is being trained in these important roles. Equal opportunity is important to us across all jobs and jurisdictions, and we continue to target having 40% women in senior leadership roles.
In terms of looking after our people, we are working towards longer-term mutually beneficial agreements, which will depend on their roles and functions. We continue to make good progress with our sustainability initiatives, where the main focus is to ensure that we are well placed to meet regulatory mandates. We continue to put in place firm contractual commitments for sustainable aviation fuel, which differentiates us from most other airlines. As a result, 1.9% of the fuel we used in 2024 was SAF, meaning we are very well placed for the 2% mandate in both the U.K. and EU in 2025. We have also beaten our 2025 target on carbon intensity with 78.1 g CO2 per passenger kilometer versus our 80 g target, so bringing this all together, we are very focused on creating value for our shareholders.
We have the right strategy and business model to drive sustainable earnings growth, supported by our transformation program. We are and will continue to generate significant free cash flow, and we are committed to returning cash to our shareholders fairly and sustainably through an ordinary dividend, and then we will return excess cash to our shareholders, and on that note, I will open the meeting to questions.
Ladies and gentlemen, we will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question on the phone line, please signal by pressing star one on your telephone keypad. We ask that you please limit your questions to a maximum of two. We'll pause for a moment to assemble the queue. Your first question comes from the line of James Hollins from BNP Paribas. Your line is open.
Thanks very much. Two questions, please. I don't know if Sean is on.
If he is, this would be for him. I was just wondering on the loyalty scheme changes, whether there's been any sort of sign of a customer negative reaction or any positive reaction, or whether all the negativity is really assigned to just the loyalty points websites that are getting their knickers in a twist. And if Sean is on, maybe can get a bit more of an update on the BA rollout of the new app and website, I think we're doing Q1, and indeed the revenue management system. And then secondly, probably for you, Luis, I think I saw some comments on your business travel trends or outlook, and they look fairly bearish or cautious. Maybe you could just, this forum, give us your view on your views on business travel. Thanks very much.
Yeah, Sean here. Let me start with loyalty.
Fair to say we haven't seen any change in travel patterns or behavior from our Executive Club since we rolled it out. I think it's tracking very much in line with the rest of our intakes. I think we've been communicating exactly how the program works. I think the more people are learning about the spend-based earn program and the additional ways in which they can earn tier, I think the more positively it's being received. If we look at digital and technology, we are actually having about 65% of our loops now are booking through what we call the new bookingstore.com, and we're very encouraged by the user experience there. We also have a beta version of the app that we're testing with a closed user group at the minute.
Again, the performance is very encouraging, and our expectation would be to roll the app out when it's fully functional in Q2, but we're just finalizing the date. But again, very encouraged by the beta trials on the app. In terms of the new rev man system, that will come in in the middle of the year, so that's on track. But we haven't been testing, obviously, the technology yet because we're still working off our old Altéa system . So yeah, the transformation of the digital experience is really gaining traction. In regards to business demand, continue improving during 2024. At the group level, we reached 74% of the volume that we had in 2019, 86% of the revenues. So that's an improvement in volume of three points in comparison with 2023 and six points in revenue if we compare with 2023.
I think the performance is different in the different airlines, but we see that finance, including banking, accounting, and consultancy, for example, they are coming back to fly earlier. And also IT and tech, they are having a very good performance. So as I said, if we look at the Q4, for example, BA volume was 66% and revenue 82%. Iberia volume 84% and revenue 108%, and Aer Lingus volume 105% and revenue 100%. So you can see the differences between the different airlines.
In the case of Iberia, primarily it was the LatAm flows to Europe that were supporting this growth. In fact, there, not only in revenue but also in volumes, we are already 6% ahead of 2019 and 25% ahead in revenue in 2019.
As a reminder, if everyone completes their questions, two per person. Your next question is from the line of Alex Irving from Bernstein.
The line is open.
Hi, good morning, gentlemen. Two from me, please. First one's a bit of a follow-up. On Nevio, you've clearly had another couple of months of thinking and planning here. Could you please update us on your expectations, the RASK impact of this new retailing platform? Related to that, Luis, you mentioned BA leading the airlines into this new world, which leads therefore in further to Iberia and Aer Lingus may also see a revenue impact going forward. Second question is on the engines and certainly managing through with the Trent 1000s, essentially being backfilling as best we can from other planes. How much longer can you keep doing this until those planes also start to make those events? More broadly, are the Trent 1000s getting any better? Thank you.
It's quite hard to hear you.
I think the question you asked was about the RASK and just kind of what the impact of some of the technology changes was. I think that's what it was. We're not being specific about it. We're not giving guidance on RASK today. We're not giving guidance about what specific individual ones. We're still very confident on the recovery, the build-up of the BA margin back to 15%.
Yeah. I think there's two phases. Obviously, one is to get the digital platform modernized, which is what we're working on imminently. The second then is to move to what we call shop order retailing, which is where the Nevio builds on top of that platform comes. So that would be phase two, and as Nichola said, it's been captured in our 15% commitment, but we're not necessarily trialing that capability as we speak.
About the Trent engines, we continue to work very closely with Rolls to improve the engine supply. As you know, we needed to adjust the capacity in British Airways. We are working in order to maximize the availability of the aircraft and to have more predictability. We know that we are going to have a durability enhancement package very soon that we hope is going to double the time on wing. We will have a second phase of this in 2026 that I think is going to be very positive for the business.
Thank you.
Your next question comes from the line of Harry Gowers from JP Morgan. Your line is open.
Yeah, good morning, everyone. First question, I mean, you did say through a forecast that we see that margin in 2024, you've looked at there's roughly 15%.
So I just want to know, what do you think the true potential for this business over the next few years? If you assume there's no big ups or downs in shocks or events, because it looks like 15% could be surpassed over the next few years at the current run rate. And then the second question on transatlantic is obviously booming at the moment, so you've got some U.S. carriers with plans to launch a flight this year. So are you concerned it may be creating some capacity pressure into the market at some point, particularly U.K. to U.S.? Thank you.
Sounds like you're on a motorbike. It's our end, I know. Just in terms of margins, we just delivered really good margins at 13.8%, up nearly 2% year on year.
This is in the top half of where we are guided to 12%-15% range that we announced just a year ago. You can see this is generating some fantastic flow overall. We've given that guidance of 12%-15%. We're not giving guidance for this specific year as well. We're going to keep with that guidance at the moment. I mean, if you look at the individual businesses, with British Airways, we're confident to get into the 15%. We put it out there for 2027. We've got a little bit ahead of ourselves. I think we've had a good year as well, but I think 2027 is still a good glide path given kind of what we're going to do this year. Iberia is delivering 13.6% and Vueling 12.3%, so they're already at good margins overall. Aer Lingus, look at just under 9%.
You should see recovery back towards the middle of the range after just a few shocks in this year. And loyalty, we're going to drive double-digit margins should be great, about 10% per year. So we still see we've achieved good margins this year. There should be some upside to that overall, but at least we should be able to sustain where we are with some earnings growth from there. But we're not going to give kind of additional kind of guidance for what we've given already. And then just on the transatlantic, you're right. We've seen very strong transatlantic growth. You saw kind of ASKs were fairly flat in Q4, but PRASK was up 14% overall. As we said, we saw every single one of our airlines was growing its PRASK over the quarter from British Airways to the new airline LEVEL as well.
So really, really good performance there. I think you're likely to see kind of strong performance continuing into Q1 as well. And that's partly because we just had a soft, if you look at 2023 in Q4 and Q1 2024, we had kind of slightly soft comparatives overall. I think you're likely to see strong comparatives overall. I think that'll kind of soften as you go through the year, but I think we'll still see strong demand overall.
Your next question comes from the line of Stephen Furlong of Davy. Your line is open.
Yes, good morning. Okay, I was going to ask about BA margins and trends, but then we just circle back and ask something different. Okay, first thing, Ukraine, if something happens there positively, I mean, do you think the market or the network in the next 18 months will change in any way?
I'm thinking of some pivot towards Asia, although I fully understand it's not your core. And second question, maybe Luis could talk about inorganic opportunities or generally about consolidation of the market. I'm thinking about TAP, but just a general discussion on that. Thank you.
Okay, good morning. So Ukraine, I think if there is a solution soon, I think we will have an impact in two areas. One is ATC. As you know, that's because of the closure of the airspace, ATC is more difficult. And last summer was the second worst ever summer in terms of ATC, and I think this can help. And the second impact is the network that you said. So we are not flying over Russia because of that.
We are canceling some of the flights because it doesn't make sense to compete with people that they can do the flights with two, three hours less, so as soon as the airspace is open, we will reconsider to fly again. We need to do an analysis of safety because it's not only fly over Russia. It's in case you have a problem over Russia, you need to land there, for example. What are you going to do? So we will do an analysis of the situation, and then we will try to resume the operation, but taking into consideration the lack of aircraft that we have now in the market, so we will give priority to the markets where we want to expand before.
And about the inorganic development, TAP in particular, we are following the process with the Portuguese government.
It looks like in March, maybe we are going to have the conditions of privatization, and when we will have that, we will take a decision. We always say that it's an interesting airline for the group, that I think we can improve the performance of the airline, and the airline can help the group to have more presence in markets, for example, like Brazil, where we don't have a lot of capacity, but we need to see the conditions and the freedom we can have to manage the company because in order to have the margins that we are having in this group between 12%-15% is because we do the right things that we have to do in a different airline, so I think in maybe six weeks, we will have a more clear idea.
Your next question comes from Savi Syth of Raymond James.
Your line is open.
Hey, good morning, everyone. Just for my first question, I was wondering if you could provide a little bit more detail on that 26 aircraft you're expecting this year, just kind of what types and generally when you're expecting those across the quarters. And then second question is just around the MRO purchase at Gatwick. What does that do to your capacity to do maintenance in-house and any kind of potential contributions to cost there?
Just to zoom in on the 26 aircraft, we just said we've got two widebody aircraft coming in, one for Iberia and one for British Airways overall. We'll take about 10 A320s, then two for Aer Lingus and Iberia. And the rest for Iberia will come narrowbodies coming in. And they're coming in pretty much spaced across the year.
We'll always be trying to squeeze them before the summer as well.
Yeah, relating to Gatwick, we have 26 short-haul planes at Gatwick and about 12 long-hauls. So I think the ability to do more on-site maintenance is very attractive. It will stop us ferrying flights between Heathrow and Gatwick. So there's an immediate cost saving there. It also will give us the capacity to do more winter maintenance across our short-haul program and improve summer utilization and also do more base maintenance on our 777 fleet. And I think generally what we found over the last few years is having more resilience on our MRO and maintenance functions is a real strategic advantage. So we were very happy to be able to complete the transaction.
Appreciate it.
Your next question comes from Jaime Rowbotham from Deutsche Bank. Your line is open.
Morning, all. Two from me.
So where you've talked about unit costs in 2025, Nicholas, you say the inflation will be weighted to the first half. Could you talk a bit about the magnitude of that shift and what the main reasons are for it, please? And then secondly, is there anything to say on ownership and control, conscious that Ryanair are flirting with removing the purchase of shares by non-EU and think that might allow for their re-inclusion in certain global indices? Obviously, there aren't any restrictions at IAG at the moment, but you are, I believe, still excluded because of foreign ownership limitation rules from being included in some of those indices. Is there anything to say there, please? Thanks.
Yeah, just last one, if you're controlled. There's no new news on it as well.
I'm not aware of any indices that we're excluded from at the moment. But if anything, just with the dividend and the share buyback, we've probably gone into more indices than we've ever been in the last five years anyway. So we've got it going into income and indices overall, which is good news as well. Just in terms of unit costs for 2025, the guidance we've given is a similar sort of trend overall. So not expanded as you're complaining, but overall for 2025. So that gives you 2%-2.5% overall, but we have got some FX headwinds as well. So that's an additional 2%, but that's mainly translation. So you'll get the benefit also in the revenue as well, unit cost, unit revenue as well.
We think it would be weighted towards the half of what we haven't kind of given kind of guidance on that, but that is really towards getting about resilience for the summer. We're assuming that a lot of the kind of external environment is fairly similar to where it was last year. But you should think you'll see it quite heavily weighted towards Q1 and Q2.
Thanks.
Your next question comes to the line of Muneeba Kayani from Bank of America. Your line is open.
Good morning. So just on free cash flow then, if you take the EUR 3.6 billion in 2024, CapEx up by a EUR 1 billion, and then the tax charge, so well over EUR 2 billion is how we should think about your free cash flow outlook for 2025, if you can just talk us through the moving parts there.
And then you've talked about the demand environment with BA Holidays. Kind of what are you seeing since you probably have a bit more visibility there? What are the trends there through the year, and what's the competitive environment for BA Holidays? Thank you.
Yeah, so free cash flow, we generated kind of EUR 3.5 billion free cash flow after CapEx this year. Good results as well. We call that two things. You expect to see about EUR 1 billion extra of CapEx going through this year. So we've spent EUR 3.7 billion CapEx this year, according to if all the aircraft had delivered on time overall. And then we just called out the kind of VAT business with loyalty, which was kind of another EUR 500 million. So they're the two kind of moving parts overall. From BA Holidays.
Yeah, sure. Hi, Adam here.
Just on the BA Holidays side, in terms of 2024, we had a strong 2024 revenues up 13%, passengers about the same, and strong both in the short-haul business on the beach and also on our classical long-haul businesses of the Caribbean and Indian Ocean. If you look for 2025 and how we're looking for 2025, again, bookings look strong. We're seeing a good strong performance on short-haul beach again. Places like Greece, the Canaries are particularly strong. We're booked about 60% for the whole of 2025. Strong so far, particularly in premium, actually. Probably the biggest strength we're seeing is in premium bookings.
Your next question comes to the line of Jarrod Castle from UBS. Your line is open.
Thank you. Good morning, everyone.
I'd like to maybe just get your view on kind of what seems to be a debate both in Parliament and the press around Gatwick versus Heathrow runway extensions. So just how you see that and feasibility and timeframes. And then secondly, just in terms of the capacity growth that you've given, the 3% and 2%-4%, I guess, over the medium term for Adam. Can you give any kind of indications in terms of split across the operating companies, how you see that, and how you size capacity in general? Is there a limit, for instance, in fleet deliveries?
About Gatwick and Heathrow, I think we support the expansion of both airports, but we always say we do it in an affordable and sustainable way. So in case of Gatwick, we support that the northern runway can be in use.
I think it's good for the development of the airport. But in any case, Gatwick is not a hub, and we need the development in Heathrow. So about Heathrow expansion, also we support the ambition of the government for growth, but cannot be done with the regulatory model that we have in place now. And that's the reason we are pushing to have a review of the situation that we have now, because with the current conditions, we cannot afford the investment that is needed to develop the new runway. But in both cases, I think if we do it again in an affordable and sustainable way, it would be good for the U.K. and the development of the economy.
About capacity, if we look at the increasing capacity for 2025 by airline, BA is around 2%-2.5%, Iberia around 4%, Vueling 4%-4.5%, Aer Lingus 7%, and LEVEL with a lower base, 14%. We look at the different regions, domestic around 4%, Europe 3%, North Atlantic 3%, Latin 4.5%, Asia-Pacific 5%. So long-haul is around 70% of the growth, and short-haul is 30%.
Yeah, just there's a page on 36 at the back of the presentation, which just shows you kind of the allocation by IAG. I'm just touching on capacity. We've kind of said 2%-4% overall. That's not far off what we said at the capital markets day. We said at the capital markets day it was 4%-5%, but that included 2024, which was the high level of growth.
So if you're taking that out, we've just moved it from kind of 3 to 4 to 2 to 4. It's been brought in increased by moderated spot earn rates. I think the key thing for us overall is that we're focused on total revenue, not capacity growth overall. And the capacity is due to delays of aircraft, which is the whole world is seeing that. So we're not alone on that. And that's hence we're being more focused on total revenue.
Your next question comes from the line of Andrew Lobbenberg from Barclays. Your line is open.
[audio distortion] . Can I ask what your expectations are on the 777X deliveries? I appreciate you're not the launch customer. And then the second question would be around alliance partnerships away from the JVs. Any prospects of building a central partnership with someone to play with in Latin America?
Also, does the proposed Qatar acquisition of Virgin Australia bring any opportunities for you, notwithstanding the potential conflict with Qantas' oneworld membership? Thanks.
About the first 777X, we expect the first one in 2027. You know that we are not a lone customer, but Boeing is still adjusting the program. We expect to have the first one then. About the partnerships, yes, after abandoning the Air Europa operation, we are considering the different scenarios that we can have and the different partnerships. We have strong partners in LatAm, for example, with LatAm, that we have a joint business in Peru and Ecuador. We are looking at other ways to develop this partnership. There are also other opportunities with oneworld members and other opportunities in North America that we are considering in order to reinforce our network there.
But we are working on it, and we will inform in due course.
Your next question comes from Conor Dwyer from Morgan Stanley. Your line is open.
Thank you very much. First question is on Slide 25 highlighted RCL in the deal in terms of being able to earn Avios. I'm wondering, is that kind of a similar offering in terms of they can just offer their customers that? But also, if there would ever be kind of potential for BA Holidays to do something with them and kind of improve that relationship. And then secondly, was this around kind of demand in the back of the cabin? I remember late last year, a couple of operators were calling out slightly weaker demand, particularly in the Atlantic in that part of the cabin. Is that something you're still seeing, or if you were seeing it?
What are the kind of trends you're overall seeing in premium versus economy? Thanks very much.
Yeah, in terms of the Royal Caribbean, it's Adam here. Yes, that is a relationship that we've started this year in terms of being able to book on the Royal Caribbean site and get Avios for it. We've seen a good take-up. And due to the average spend of a cruise, that means you get a lot of Avios if you book it. In terms of linking it to BA Holidays and thinking about BA Holidays selling cruises, that's something that we're thinking about considering. We are in the middle of a re-platforming with British Airways in terms of British Airways Holidays and the technology. We certainly need to do that first before we look at that.
But certainly, extending the capability of BA Holidays into other segments is something that we're having a look at as part of what we think could be the growth plan moving forward.
And about the leisure demand, I think 2024, we saw an increase in volume in comparison with 2023 of 6.5%, sorry. And if we look at the revenues, around 9%. So it's still very strong. Premium leisure is continuing to have a very strong performance across all of our airlines. And we don't see any change in the booking trends.
We saw late bookings in all classes.
Your next question comes to the line of Guilherme Sampaio from CaixaBank . Your line is open.
Hello. Thank you for taking my question. Good to see you all. The first one on the ongoing capital allocation in Air Europa and the potential entry of a new shareholder.
How would this impact your decision to maintain the current stake in the company and the overall relationship with Air Europa and the Latin market position? And the second is to build on your expectations for effect. So you mentioned a few percentage points impact in terms of cost. What could be the consistent impact in terms of unit revenues? Thank you.
That's a fair question. Air Europa, as you know, we abandoned the operation because of the remedies that Europe was asking. We decided to maintain the 20% of the company because it's a financial investment, and even we went to the capital increase that they did. In case they have a new partner, we will consider what we are going to do with our financial investment. In any case, it's a financial investment. We are not involved in anything related with the company and the management.
So we need to take a financial decision that we will take when it's needed.
Your second question about FX, we called out that FX is impacting our non-fuel costs by about 2%. It is mainly translation. So kind of tangent to Euro, particularly, it will kind of get almost an equal impact on the revenue as well. So it will be neutral.
Your next question comes to the line of Ruairi Cullinane from RBC Capital Markets. Your line is open.
Yes, good morning. So you touched on the supply cost, but there was a particularly impressive line in selling costs in Q4. So can you help us think where that goes from here? Secondly, just to check on BA Holidays, has there actually been an up in bookings as a result of the loyalty overhaul? I wasn't
clear on that. That's the third question.
Just selling costs?
Selling costs?
Yeah, quite a declining Q4. Yeah, selling costs are coming down. The general trend across the businesses is they're coming down as well as we're kind of moving more towards direct sales overall.
In terms of the BA Holidays question, it's early days, but we are seeing some evidence that Executive Club bookings are increasing on the back of the changes we've made. And if we're looking at where those are, they're particularly in short-haul beach in premium. And that's probably where you would expect it to be if you're thinking about trying to attain tier status or retain tier status. So I think early days, but some signs that we are seeing some customers take advantage of that opportunity.
Your next question comes to the line of Jaina Mistry from Jefferies. Your line is open.
Hi, it's Jaina Mistry. I wanted to double-click on BA margins with two questions.
You've obviously hit 14% this year. Your target is 15% in two years' time. I guess the question is, do you see upside to your target at this stage? Or do you see quite a slow glide path from 14% to 15%? And what's driving that? Where's the reinvestment coming in the next two years? And then the second question is a bit backward-looking. So your BA margins grew four percentage points last year. How much of this was a post-pandemic catch-up versus self-help opportunities that came to fruition? Thank you.
Yeah, so the margins in BA have kind of got back to where they were originally. So there is a bit of a catch-up, but it's not just a catch-up. It's a kind of transformation of the business that we've done, both the kind of efficiency and the kind of space in the business.
It's all realized by just in terms of the margins for BA. It was only in November, kind of two and a half months ago, that we put the target out of 15% overall. I think you've got to think about it. We've got to go glide path to get there for 2027 overall. I don't think you may think it's a slow increase, but actually 15% margin would be the best-performing airline in the world from a margin point of view this year.
No, I think the recent performance, I think, gives us confidence on hitting that target by 2027. I think a couple of levers of value that we will mature over the next couple of years will be one, probably having a bit more mix of long-haul compared to short-haul because we're still a bit lower than we were in 2019.
I think the performance is strong in that context. Two is the transformation initiatives that we have maturing as well, whether it's the digital experience, the investments in technology, and the improvements in operational and customer metrics. I think there is more momentum to come on those levers, which is what will help us to the margin commitment by 2027.
Just to go back to the second question, which was how much of it is post-pandemic catch-up versus transformation opportunities that have come in, would you be able to segment it and say whether half was a catch-up and half was self-help?
Not really. The world's quite different. I think there's so many moving parts that a lot of it is cancellation.
Yeah, I think the business was 4% more in 2019, but it delivered higher profits in 2019.
So that tells you that transformation is playing a significant role in the performance this year.
Your next question comes from Johannes Braun from Stifel. Your line is open.
Yes, good morning. Thanks for taking my question. Coming back on the 14% unit revenue performance on the South Atlantic in Q4, I was wondering, can you give us the currency impact given the strong U.S. dollar and also what the impact from higher load factor was just to get the underlying pricing performance? So I guess what I'm looking for is an ex-currency yield number. And then secondly, if the cash flow was EUR 3.6 billion, so for the ordinary dividend, you need to think less than EUR 500 million. And you announced a EUR 1 billion share buyback, so that still means more than EUR 2 billion is left. And the question would be, what will you do with all the cash left?
Will that be held back for any potential M&A? Or how do you think about spending the cash?
I'm afraid to say we're not going to break down our theoretically any more detail than we've given you given 14% plus now. So we don't go into kind of capacity difference by region or load factor by region overall. Load factor overall was up, and North America is a strong part of it. So the influence, load factor plus Atlantic were up overall. Yeah, so just in terms of free cash flow, you see we're spending EUR 1.5 billion this year. We've given guidance in terms of the balance sheet that we want to manage to. So we're saying that we want to kind of keep net leverage. We want to distribute excess cash. We've got 1.2-1.5 net leverage overall.
The reason we've got that range there is depending on what the outlook is looking like, which is positive at the moment, but it's also about where we are with commitments. And that's central to M&A at the moment. So we're not going to go into what those are strictly. We know that kind of in terms of capital at the moment, we're not spending the amount of capital that we'd like to spend. But we know by the time we get to 2027, 2028, we will see a step up in the capital spend as we get those catch-up interim coming forward. Thank you.
Your next question,comes from Alex Paterson from Peel Hunt. Your line is open.
Good morning, everybody. Can I just ask a couple of questions? One on BA Holidays. Did you say that was 60% sold, so 60%?
Is that for all of 2025 or just, say, the summer? If it is all of 2025, should we expect you to increase your number of ATOLs? And secondly, you recently signed an NDC agreement with TUI. How should we think about this in relation to BA Holidays? Is there a risk of cannibalization, or do you charge API fees, and is the benefit from higher load factors and potentially yields? Does that allow you to offset any cannibalization?
Alex, before we go into too much detail, we're going to come back to BA in a later time in the future because we've just moved it from British Airways into loyalty to really make sure that we can get the most of British Airways. So we'll probably come back in more detail and as we say, become in more detail.
I don't know if you want to give any cut.
Yeah, I mean, just in terms of the first question, the 60% is related to the whole of 2025. So that's where we are. And that's what you would expect if you look at the other players in the market. They are maybe slightly below that, but we are roughly 60%. And we're happy with that. We're on plan, and we're still seeing the growth that we saw last year. So still a lot of upside and a lot of potential to come. Thank you.
And is there anything you can say about the TUI NDC agreement at this stage, or is that something we should wait for you to say more about in the future?
Yeah, we don't get. Thank you very much. Thanks, Alex. Thank you. That brings the end of our questions.
The next question is from Dudley Shanley from Goodbody. The line is open.
Good morning, everyone. I was wondering if you could help me. I just wanted to ask a question on how you think about North Atlantic capacity at an overall level. I'm thinking in particular about U.S. carriers who've been talking about record levels of service into Europe and how you see that playing out over the next year or so.
I think what we see now, North Atlantic capacity and the schedules that are published, we see a decline in Europe, North Atlantic in the first quarter, around 4%, and in the second quarter, almost flat. So if we look at the different hubs that we have in London, it's totally different in the performance in Gatwick than in Heathrow.
In Gatwick, the Q1, the capacity is going to be around minus 20% if we compare with previous year. And in the second quarter, similar, minus 24%. Heathrow, first quarter, is going to be around minus 3%, and the second quarter, almost flat. If we look at Madrid, capacity in the first quarter to North Atlantic is going to be below, around 4%, the capacity we had last year. Q2 is going to be flat. In any case, capacity is going to be above the capacity that we had in 2019. That's important. And in Dublin, the first quarter capacity is going to be below 1.8% if we compare with the same quarter last year. Q2, we are going to have an increase in capacity. And in summer, we are expecting increases in capacity of around 11% with United, Delta, and Air Canada, mainly adding strong capacity during the summer.
Very nice set of questions. I'll hand back to Luis Gallego for closing remarks.
Okay, so thank you very much, everybody, to be here today. We are delivering strong results for 2024. I think the strategy that we have and the transformation we are having in the different businesses and in the group is working well. What we see for the future is the same trend. So we are looking forward to the next first quarter results presentation, where I hope we will continue with the good news. So thank you very much.