Good morning everyone, and welcome to this fourth quarter presentation of Gjensidige. My name is Mitra Negård, and I'm Head of Investor Relations. As usual, we will start with our CEO, Helge Leiro Baastad, who will give you highlights of the quarter, followed by our CFO, Jostein Amdal, who will go into further details on the numbers. After that, we have plenty of time for a Q&A. Helge, please.
I hope you all are healthy and well. We have put behind us an extraordinary year dominated by the pandemic, which has deeply affected the world. The Nordics has been spared for the worst impact so far, although we have had several infection waves, and we have yet to see the end of this. We are very pleased to see that despite the challenges and economic hardship, general insurance continues to be highly valued by our customers. Thanks to our strong product offering and dedicated employees, we have managed to generate very healthy results. The pandemic has challenged us in many ways, but it also has given us the opportunity to demonstrate our ability to quickly adapt and respond to a new reality. Some shifts have come to stay. Others will be history once the vacation has been completed.
The Gjerdrum landslide at the end of the year was a national tragedy, reminding us of the infrastructure vulnerability and the need to put strong efforts into understanding the climate impacts and get an in-depth understanding of our infrastructure and damage preventive measures. I will revert to this in a moment. Let's turn to page two for some comments on our very strong fourth quarter result. We generated a profit before tax of NOK 2 billion NOK 314 million, of which NOK 1 billion, NOK 162 million in underwriting result. This is the highest underwriting result we have ever delivered for a fourth quarter when adjusting for run-offs. The record result reflects 8.9% increase in earned premiums and a very healthy combined ratio of 83.1%. Large losses were somewhat lower than expected, while run-off gains were broadly in line with the planned releases.
The underlying frequency loss ratio at 68% was very good, considering that this is a winter quarter. The pandemic had a positive impact on our results this quarter, primarily related to travel and motor insurance. The estimated total market claims from the Gjerdrum landslide are significant. Thanks to our reinsurance program, the impact on our results has been limited to NOK 205 million. Our cost discipline remains strong, as you can see from the ratio of 14.7% for the quarter. We generated a financial result of NOK 1 billion NOK 152 million, reflecting the very strong development in the financial markets. Jostein will afterwards revert with more detailed comments on the results for the quarter. Turning to page three and looking at the year as a whole. We delivered the highest results in the group's history when adjusting for gain on the sale of Gjensidige Bank last year.
The full-year pre-tax profit was a solid NOK 6.3 billion. We met our financial targets on all metrics except for a slight shortcoming on the ROE. The combined ratio was a very strong 81.3%, significantly better than our target range of 86%-89%, thanks to very strong performance in Norway and Denmark. It is also worth mentioning that the COVID situation contributed positively with 1.1% on the loss ratio. Large losses came in slightly below our expectation for the year, while run-off gains were broadly in line with the planned releases. The full-year cost ratio was 14.5%, around the area where we would like to see it. Adjusted for the Baltic segment, it was 13.9%. We are comfortably capitalized with a solvency margin at 198%, adjusted for both the proposed regular and declared special dividend. Analyzed return on equity for the year was 19.2%.
We are very pleased with this, given the weak financial results in the first quarter, in combination with a very high solvency ratio through much of the year. Underwriting results outside Norway, excluding run-off gains, came to NOK 740 million, just below our 2022 target of NOK 750 million. We expected some volatility in research for the Swedish and Baltic businesses. However, we still expect to meet our target for the three segments in total in 2022. Let's turn to the next page for a few comments on the proposed dividend. Our board has proposed a regular dividend for 2020 of NOK 3 nillion NOK 700 million, corresponding to NOK 7.40 per share. This corresponds to a payout ratio of 75% for the group. For our Norwegian general insurance customers, this once again bodes for distribution of a solid customer dividend from the Gjensidige Foundation.
The board has declared a special dividend of NOK 1 billion, NOK 200 million, or NOK 2.40 per share. This represents distribution of excess capital to support a more optimal capital structure. For this special dividend, the board has utilized its authorization to determine distribution of dividend during the year granted by the annual general meeting last year. With this, our solvency margin is at a very comfortable level, providing us with sufficient flexibility to maintain our S&P A rating, capacity for small acquisitions, organic growth, and a buffer for regulatory changes. Last but not least, the capacity to maintain a high and stable nominal regular dividend, also after 2022, when the period with the planned 1 billion a year reserve releases ends. As previously communicated, our dividend stream have been calibrated to avoid a cliff in the regular dividend curve in 2023 and onwards.
We expect the regular dividend at that point to reflect the underlying earnings capacity. Over to page five. The landslide at Gjerdrum is a national tragedy, and the worst slide we have experienced in Norway in decades. Our response to the situation was immediate and swift, with our customer well-being being our first priority. Company representatives from Gjensidige were at the site shortly after the slide to assist our customers, and we made sure to have ample capacity and readiness at our customer centers for those who had been impacted. The slide is defined as a natural perils event by the Norwegian Natural Perils Pool, which operates as a clearing central allocating claims among the different insurance companies according to their national market shares for fire insurance. The current estimate for the total claims to the pool is NOK 900 million.
Being a member of the pool, we will cover our share of these claims, corresponding to 24.3% market share last year, net of the fire mutual's share of the pool. We will also cover claims from the event which are not part of the pool arrangement. Thanks to our reinsurance program, our net claims recorded in the fourth quarter amounted to NOK 180.4 million. The Gjerdrum landslide is a strong reminder of the importance of continuous efforts to analyze climate effects and gain a deeper understanding of such risk to mitigate the significant impacts on the human lives and properties. We expect enhanced focus on risk assessment going forward, both from property developers and regulators. We will continue to cooperate with the municipalities by sharing our knowledge on damage prevention. Turning to page six, a few words about our operations.
We have put behind us yet another year and quarter with strong operations. We have continued to put through necessary price increases in Norway for both segments, and I'm particularly pleased with our high customer retention and growth in business volumes, despite the ongoing pandemic and tough competition. We take this as a vote of confidence from our customers and the confirmation of our strong value proposition. The very strong momentum has continued into this year with very strong January 1st renewals in the commercial segment. Renewals of private and commercial customers in the areas where we have terminated cooperation with four fire mutuals effective from 1st of January is also very encouraging. We are confident to maintain our strong customer relations in these areas. We will continue to put through price increases in Norway going forward. For private, in line with claims inflation.
For all products, except property, where we still see the need to price above this to reach satisfactory profits. We also see further need for price increases in the commercial segment, particularly for large corporates. With no signs of market contraction in light of the pandemic so far, we expect a strong development for premiums in Norway this year as well. We continue to see mixed performance outside Norway. Denmark showed strong performance both for the year and in the quarter. The new core IT system is at the final stage of implementation and will shortly be taken into use for the first products. This will be a significant contribution to enhancing our profitability in Denmark. Our distribution agreement with Nykredit will be terminated from the 1st of May this year. The negotiations last year failed to establish an agreement which could be commercially attractive.
Our cooperation has been based on referrals, and we have had the direct customer relationship. Being a well-established player in the Danish market and having established targeted measures, we expect to maintain and improve overall customer retention in Denmark. Performance at our Swedish and Baltic operations have a strong upside potential. As mentioned earlier, we are transforming our Swedish business into becoming a more digital insurance provider with a high degree of automated internal processes. Key initiatives have been identified, and several are in the process of implementation. We will address more on this as we proceed later this year. Our results in the Baltics reflects the fierce competition, which has resulted in top-line contraction. Our plan measures are unchanged, with the focus on optimizing multi-channel distribution, improving data analytics, and price optimization. We are also seeking further efficiency in claims handling processes.
Over to page seven, a few comments on our key achievements in 2020 to support our sustainability goals, starting with Safe Society, which is one of our three focus areas. We have implemented insights on climate change and expected increase in water-related damages from the research cooperation with the Norwegian Computing Center in our tariffs. We will share this knowledge and use it to improve our damage prevention activities going forward. Damage prevention is the core element in our sustainability efforts. We continued to motivate our customers to implement risk-reducing measures by reflecting this in the pricing. Product and service innovation is a key to become a true problem-solver for our customers. To this end, we introduced CO2-reducing incentives in two products last year as a response to increasing customer demand for sustainable products.
Realizing the mental pressure many of our customers have experienced through the pandemic, we established counseling and self-help services, which have been highly appreciated by many of our customers. We have established a project to help people in need where social isolation reinforces loneliness and challenges related to mental health. We are in a strong position to retain and attract employees and key competence. This was evident in the Peakon survey results last year, which showed increased engagements among our employees. Moving on to our next focus area. Gjensidige was climate neutral in terms of own operations in 2020, compensating for greenhouse gas emissions through purchase of UN Gold Standard carbon offsets. We have increased digital interaction with our customers. Jostein will revert with more details on this. We have also good achievements for our third focus area, responsible investments.
We became signatory to the UN Principles for Responsible Investment last year. A new policy for responsible investments has been adopted by the board of directors, widening the scope of our work on sustainable investments. We have established carbon intensity reporting for our equity and property investments. Our key focus this year is to prepare for and comply with the EU taxonomy for sustainable insurance. We have already started implementing activities to be able to report according to the new regulations. Over to slide eight. The core of Gjensidige's more than 200-year-long success story is that we have always been there for and played an important role in our customer lives. Through a fully integrated value chain and direct contact with customers, we have gained strong customer insight that has contributed to efficient sales, customer loyalty, and the development of a strong brand.
Our overall goal is to become a problem-solver for our customers with an even stronger focus on damage prevention and sustainable solutions. This also involves broadening of a value proposition, both in terms of services and products. We will seek to do this alone or through strategic partnerships. The core of our strategy is being best today, as well as best tomorrow, for our key stakeholders. This requires us to further build capabilities and strategic flexibility in order to provide cost-efficient, innovative solutions for our customers going forward. We have a clear set of priorities for our different segments to be able to deliver on our ambitions. In Norway, we aim to maintain our strong and unique position and ensure that pricing reflects risk development. We continuously work on measures that generate cost savings, better customer experiences, and greater competitiveness.
In terms of the commercial segment, our aim is to maintain our market-leading position while strengthening customer relationships. We will achieve this by building digital service solutions, refining our role as a damage-preventing problem solver, exploring new growth industries, and being prepared to meet future customer needs. For our businesses outside Norway, we see room for further improvement in profitability, driven by the new core system, more sophisticated price models, a wider product range among our customers, and cost efficiency measures. As you can see on the right-hand side of this slide, we have identified different measures for the individual segments. With that, I will leave the word to Jostein to present the fourth quarter results in more detail.
Thank you, Helge. Good morning, everybody. I will start on page 10. We delivered a profit before tax of 2 billion and 340 million NOK in the fourth quarter, significantly higher than the same quarter last year. Our underwriting result was the best we have ever had for a fourth quarter when adjusting for run-offs. The main drivers were the same we saw through the year: continued high customer retention, effective pricing measures, higher business volumes, and good cost control. We also had a positive impact from the pandemic situation. I'll revert with more details on this in a moment. The financial result on our investment portfolio was significantly up year-over-year, reflecting market movements. Turning to page 11. Earned premiums were up 8.9% or 6.3% adjusted for currency effects.
In the private segment, earned premiums rose by 7.9%, mainly due to price increases for motor and property insurance, as well as accident and health insurance. Adjusted for the transfer of a portfolio to segment Denmark, the growth was 8.2%. Our competitiveness was very strong through the quarter. We continued to attract more private customers, mainly driven by motor insurance. Earned premiums for the commercial segment rose 8.9% thanks to effective pricing measures, solid renewals, and portfolio growth. All the main product lines recorded higher earned premiums. As Helge mentioned, we are off to a very good start for 2021 with solid renewals and volume growth. We'll continue to implement necessary pricing measures in Norway. Given economic outlook and our solid market standing, we are comfortable that we will be able to put this through.
Earned premiums in Denmark were up 7.8% in local currency and 5.7% adjusted for the discontinuation of a quota share reinsurance contract and transfer of the portfolio from the private segment. The increase was mainly due to portfolio growth in the commercial lines, partly offset by lower premiums for travel insurance due to the pandemic. Earned premiums for our Swedish operation were down 2% in local currency, primarily due to a decrease in the private portfolio related to profit sharing on a partner agreement. Adjusted for this, earned premiums were up 2.8%. We had both price and volume growth in the commercial lines during the quarter, partly offset by lower volumes in the private lines. The January 1st renewals were good. For the Baltics, we reported a decrease of 7.4% in local currency.
This reflects lower prices in the motor insurance line due to fierce competition, in addition to lower volume for travel insurance due to the COVID-19 situation. Turning over to page 12. The loss ratio for the fourth quarter declined 1.9 percentage points to 68.4%. Large losses were somewhat up year-on-year, although the nominal level was lower than our expectation for a quarterly average. The landslide at Gjerdrum incurred a large loss of NOK 180 million net of reinsurance. Including the reinstatement premium, the net effect of the event on the group's loss ratio was 2.9 percentage points for the quarter. Run-off gains broadly reflect our planned release, although being somewhat lower than last year. The underlying frequency loss ratio improved by four percentage points to a very healthy 68.3%.
This was due to our strong and robust premium growth, as well as a favorable claims development, particularly for our property insurance product in Norway. Apart from travel and to some extent motor through the past months, the general claims pattern is back to a more normal level in our markets. Estimated COVID-19 effects on claims for the fourth quarter amounted to approximately 1.9 percentage points on the loss ratio. Going forward, we expect stable activity in our markets and claims at more normal levels, except for travel and possibly motor insurance, which will continue to be impacted by the ongoing restrictions. In terms of segments, I'm very particularly pleased with the improvement in private, commercial, and Denmark this quarter. In Sweden, the underlying frequency loss ratio was up year-over-year, the increase being driven by profit sharing of a partner agreement and higher claims on our payment protection insurance.
The underlying frequency loss ratio in the Baltics improved by 1.5 percentage points, mainly due to lower travel activity. The pressure on prices for motor insurance and lower demand for travel insurance continued to put pressure on profitability for this segment. We're not satisfied with the profitability in Sweden and the Baltics. As Helge mentioned, we will continue our efforts on improving operations. We intend to transform our Swedish business to become a more digital insurance provider, combining this with the automation of internal processes in order to obtain higher cost efficiency. In the Baltics, we have a clear priority of returning to a more profitable level, and we continue to focus on improving our cost efficiency. Let's turn to page 13. We recorded NOK 1 billion and 13 million in operating expenses in the quarter, corresponding to a cost ratio of 14.7% and 14.1% excluding the Baltics.
We continue to demonstrate a strong cost discipline across the group. We are pleased with the cost ratio for our combined Norwegian businesses at 11.8%, slightly up year-on-year. Denmark recorded a cost ratio of 15%, slightly down year-on-year, due to the increase in premiums. The new core IT system will make a significant contribution to our cost efficiency in Denmark when it is fully up and running next year and we're able to phase out the old ones. Our Swedish business had a cost ratio of 22.5%, somewhat down from the same quarter last year. The ratio is inflated by the top-line impact from the profit sharing I mentioned earlier. The direction is good, although there definitely is more to do on the cost side in Sweden. The cost ratio in the Baltics was up 0.6 percentage points, reflecting the top-line contraction.
Nominal costs are down, and we have a strong focus on putting through measures to enhance profitability. A few comments on our pension operation on slide 14. The pre-tax profit came to NOK 56 million, down year-over-year, with difficult comparables due to last year's positive risk result related to the paid-up policies. Excluding this, the result was up compared with the fourth quarter last year, reflecting growth in the business. Good returns on real estate investments and the recovery of the financial markets generated higher financial income on the pension portfolios. Assets under management continued to grow, reaching NOK 42 billion at the end of the year. Annualized return on equity was 13.1%. The solvency margin at the end of the year was 146%. The arrangement of own pension account in Norway entered into force on January 1st.
The process of collecting the pension capital is expected to take most of this year. It's too early to conclude on the market dynamics as a consequence of this. However, it is prudent to expect some pressure on our profitability in the short to medium term. The pension business is still an important complement to our general insurance business in Norway, particularly within the SME part of our operation, and generates cross-selling opportunities. As of the end of the year, 67% of the customers in our pension business were general insurance customers as well. Moving on to the investment portfolio on page 15. The global financial markets continued to rebound through the fourth quarter. Interest rates and credit spreads came down, and equity and commodity markets were strong. The commercial real estate market in Norway continued to hold up well.
All asset classes in our investment portfolio generated positive returns in the fourth quarter. Private equity funds with exposure to the oil sector had a weak performance. Our exposure in general towards the oil sector is limited. The total return amounted to NOK 1 billion 152 million, or 2%. At the end of the quarter, the total investment portfolio amounted to NOK 58.9 billion. The matched portfolio yielded 0.5% return, excluding changes in the value of the portfolio valued at amortised cost. This portfolio amounted to NOK 36.4 billion at the end of the quarter. Bonds at amortised cost had a positive return of 0.9%. This portfolio's running yield at the end of the quarter was 3.4%, while the reinvestment rate for the year was 3%. Unrealized excess value amounted to approximately NOK 1 billion. The free portfolio yielded a return of 4.4% in the quarter.
At the end of the quarter, this portfolio amounted to NOK 22.5 billion. The quality of assets in the portfolio is good. We have a solid fixed income portfolio with a large majority having an investment-grade rating. We have a good share of property investments, mainly in offices in the central business districts of Oslo, and with very low vacancies in the portfolio. Looking at our capital position on page 16. Our capital position is strong, with a solvency ratio of 198% at the end of the quarter, which is down from 219% last quarter. The reduction is mainly driven by the declared special dividend of NOK 2.4 per share pertaining to the accounting year 2019, and the proposed regular dividend of NOK 7.4 per share for the accounting year 2020.
The regular dividend will be resolved at the annual general meeting this year, while the special dividend will be paid on the 4th of February. The total solvency through earnings and return in the free portfolio contributed with NOK 1.5 billion this quarter. The capital requirement is somewhat higher compared to last quarter. This is driven by growth in the underwriting business. In addition, market risk is up following higher exposure to equities. Our own partial internal model gave a solvency margin of 248%. Finally, a few words on the latest development of our operational targets on slide 17. I'm very pleased with the progress on the majority of the operational targets this quarter. By delivering on these operational targets, we continue to improve our competitive position and lay the ground for future profitability.
Our customer satisfaction score has climbed further, with the highest score ever for our private segment and a continued high level for our commercial segment. One of the factors driving this is the very high availability and good service we have provided to our customers during the pandemic. Retention levels in Norway remain very high. We still have a potential to improve retention outside of Norway. Sales effectiveness based on running 12 months is up 10% compared with our baseline year 2017 for the second consecutive quarter. The improvement reflects higher sales in the private segment, but also in other segments we see higher sales effectiveness this quarter. There will still be some volatility in these figures between quarters going forward. The share of automated tariffs is at the same levels as the last quarter at around 52%.
We'll continue to include more product lines going forward, focusing on the commercial lines of business, in addition to further refining tariffs already included. On the claims handling side, digital claims reporting has remained at our target level of 80%. The share of claims handled fully automatically have increased to 17%, but the development has been somewhat slowed down due to some corona-related claims handled manually. We'll continue to develop these digital services further through 2021 and onwards. We have reduced claims cost even further with insurance fraud and process optimization being the largest contributors. We are very well positioned to reach our target of NOK 500 million in 2022. Regarding CO2 intensity, we will report this in our 2020 annual report, which will be published on the 11th of February. I'll hand the word back to Helge.
Yes. To sum up on page 18, we have had three quarters in a row this year with record underwriting results. This is, to a large degree, a result of our solid brand, efficient operations, and dedicated employees who put strong efforts in serving our customers every day. We expect this to continue, laying the ground for continued strong results going forward. Structural growth is still on our agenda. Our solvency position is strong. Together with the encouraging results outlook, this provides us with a strong base to deliver a continued, steady, and nice regular dividend curve also beyond 2022, when the planned run of gains will come down. Special dividends have been and will still be utilized from time to time to ensure an efficient capital base. Finally today, I will now open up for the Q&A session. Thanks.
Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, if you would like to ask a question, please signal by pressing star one on your telephone keypad. If you are using a speakerphone, please make sure the mute function is turned off to allow your signal to reach our equipment. Once again, press star one to ask a question. We will take our first question from Alexander Evans with Credit Suisse. Please go ahead.
Hi, everyone. Alexander Evans here from Credit Suisse. Hope you're well, congratulations on the half static Q4 underwriting results. I've got three questions, please. Firstly, just on sort of the strong January renewals you highlighted in commercial. Is it possible to give any color there on what sort of pricing you've achieved relative to sort of previous, and what's your expectations going forward? How long do you need to sort of price at this level to overcome the claim inflations that you're seeing there? Secondly, on the unsatisfactory developments in Sweden and the Baltics. How sort of far behind Norway are they? I'm just looking at numbers, and it's perhaps not unreasonable to suggest that your underwriting target of NOK 750 in 2022 could just be Denmark to just achieve that by itself. Have you thought about giving separate targets to Sweden and the Baltics there?
Thirdly, just on the special dividend. You've got a solvency ratio of 198%. That's right at the top end of your range. What is the thoughts there? Is that to hold some excess capital for sort of potential M&A or is this to help to do with the sort of the runoff releases post 2022 with some potential further special dividends there? Thanks.
Good morning. I can start with the renewals in our commercial business in Norway, and as you understood from my presentation and maybe Jostein's comments also, it has been very strong renewals into 2021. This, as you know, has been the situation for two, three years now. Even stronger renewals this year compared to earlier years. As you know, it's tough competition. We have managed to increase prices, highly customized, actually. It has been a significant level when it comes to price increases once again. We have also gained new customers. How long this could continue? What's important for us is to secure that we have the right risk price for the risk we take on board. Still, we think it's still pockets which we need to address, particularly among large corporates. Hence, we will continue to raise prices going forward.
The significant levels we have seen for three years now, it will gradually be more normalized going forward. This situation in corporate in Norway, I would say that I'm really satisfied with what we have experienced and the team, really satisfied. Sweden and Baltic, maybe some comments from you, Jostein.
Yeah. I think it's useful to turn the clock back to the capital markets day in 2018 when we launched this target of 750. At the moment, it seemed like a tough target. We had behind us then approximately one third of that level in the same geographies. Maybe profit development has run a bit faster than we expected. There's a number of measures that was planned to be taken to get to that 750 in 2022. We continue to work on those measures. There will be some result volatility. Of course, we are extremely pleased with the results in Denmark now. We acknowledge that there will be some volatility around those numbers. At the same time, there is further potential in Sweden and Baltics, as we've said there. Cost ratios are still too high in both those segments.
We have a number of measures on tariffs, cost cutting, digitalization and so on that should improve profits going forward. We haven't thought about establishing separate targets. We'll continue with the same communication around the 750 for the combined. You could say it looks promising that we'll reach that target now. On the third question on the dividends, I think we've done what we said we should do according to the dividend policy. It's high and stable nominal dividends, and when underlying profits are growing like they have been doing, we will also increase the regular dividend. It increased by approximately 2% from the previous year. Also, we have a long-term view on that. We will continue that dividend policy, and we're very committed to that.
If we'd only done the regular dividend, we would still be above the 150%-200% solvency range, so we have a special dividend addition. If you move back to the sale of Gjensidige Bank, which was announced in 2018 and generated some NOK 5.5 billion in capital surplus, we said that we were looking for M&A targets, and it's now gone two and a half years. We haven't executed on that, we paid out part of that capital surplus that was generated through the sale of Gjensidige Bank. At 198%, we're within the range which we've guided beyond and are comfortable with that.
I think it's just to add, Jostein, of course, we will continue scouting the market for attractive opportunities. The growth strategy is unchanged.
We will now take the next question from Jonathan Denham with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.
Good morning. Thank you very much for taking my questions. Firstly, I was just wondering how much you think you need to improve profitability in private property in Norway, still. Secondly, I think at 3Q, you were saying that you were looking to add your first product onto the new core IT system in Denmark during 4Q. I was just wondering if there were delays there. I think you said you were looking to do it this quarter instead. Maybe just wondering kind of updated timeline for the new IT system and when to expect to be completed in Denmark and other geographies. I was also wondering if this is related to making Sweden a more digital insurance provider or if that's got absolutely nothing to do with the new core IT system. Thanks.
Yeah. Private property in Norway, just to start with the expected inflation, we expect around 4% going forward, but this will be volatile. The current macro situation may limit underlying inflation in the short term. We have done several adjustments to tariff, in addition to rates adjustment during 2020. We have also adjusted terms and conditions and claims handling process. We have also gone through that process. Still, we think it's necessary to increase prices above the expected claims inflation to reach sufficient profitability level. Remember, this product is quite volatile when it comes to winter effects and so. We have done a lot during 2020. We will continue in 2021, and I expect we will see a more normalized and sufficient profitability at the end of this year. Yeah. Question number one, and number two was related to-
Timing of core system.
Timing of core system. Yeah, thank you, Jostein. Yeah, we said fourth quarter. We had a soft launch towards employees late in December, and I think we have launched the first products in early January.
It's really, when we said fourth quarter, and it's very short into the first quarter now.
First quarter.
It's not a major delay.
Yeah. It's some few weeks, actually.
Yeah.
It's according to plan, and I would say that I'm really also pleased that we have managed to develop this core system in a very different kind of year with people in Norway, Denmark, and also internationally, consultants and resources. We are on track with that core system in Denmark. This year, we will roll out the private products, and we will then start to take the commercial products into the system during 2021.
Yeah.
The overall comment is according to plan with some few weeks delay at the end of the year.
Yeah. I mean,
When are you expecting to take it outside of Denmark?
We will come back to that. We haven't decided yet, but we are preparing, and we evaluate what we have done in Denmark. Far, it has been very successful. I've done this one time before, and that's 20 years ago. Compared to what we did 20 years ago, I'm really pleased with what I have experienced this time. This will be rolled out sooner or later in all countries.
Brilliant. Thank you very much.
We will now take the next question from Blair Stewart with Bank of America. Go ahead.
Thank you. Good morning. Thank you for the presentation, both of them. I've got a few questions. Starting with the private segment in Norway, I just wonder, are you seeing any price pressure in the motor segment given the restrictions and the fact that people are not driving their cars very often? How receptive are they to any form of price increases? Then just a little bit of more color on how you deem the property segment to be subpar in terms of profitability. What are we talking about in terms of combined ratios or any other profitability measure you care to share, just to get an idea of how much work is needed? My second question, or third, is really based on excess capital. I just wonder, you've obviously distributed some excess capital today, not for the first time.
I think you've got a very good track record of doing that. Just thinking about possible M&A opportunities across this sector, there's one obvious one that may come to the market. I just wonder, it's an interesting decision to distribute that excess capital at this point. What sort of organic firepower do you think you have in the business for M&A, taking into account excess capital that you still have and also net debt levels that you could still raise? Thank you.
Thank you, Blair. Jostein will maybe give you some comments on the third question. What I will say regarding to your final question, we have a growth agenda and are looking for M&A opportunities also in Denmark. That's very clear. Regarding motor and price pressure and competition, remember we had the special situation during 2018, 2019 into 2020 with significant inflation for motor that was related to modern cars and the mix of the cars and several reasons for that, as you remember. Looking back, I think we were quite early with significant price increases, and we managed to hold the majority of our customers, but we struggled on new sales.
I would say that, of course, it's price competition, but I think some of our competitors also are in the same type of process, maybe with a lag effect compared to what we had in 2018, 2019 into 2020. My comment is that our competitiveness in the Norwegian market in general, and specific when it comes to the private segment, are better at the end of 2020 compared to the beginning of 2020. If you look at our sales efficiency and our actual sales, second half 2020 versus first half, it's significantly better. The momentum into 2021 is very strong. You know this business very well, and it's tough competition, and it's hard competition regarding volume and market share. We haven't seen all these small competitors as we saw some years ago.
It's more or less related to the competition, it's related to the four name you know. Property, Jostein, maybe you have some more in-depth details on the property profitability in Norway.
Yeah, I guess you answered some of that in John's questions previously, but given that price in line, the expected inflation in motor, as you just said, there is, in a way, slightly easier to continue pricing significantly above expected cost claims inflation within the property side. We continue to do that into 2021, as we have done through the whole of 2020. I won't give you a specific target of how much is to be done, but we're adjusting this very dynamically, looking at kind of sales figures, retentions, and so on. As Helge just mentioned, these have been very good and even better in the second half than the first half of 2020. A bit more on the excess capital side. You have our target ranges on the solvency margin, where we are at the top end of that range.
We also have an unutilized subordinated debt capacity of, say, around NOK 2.5 billion in Tier 1, and a bit more than NOK 1 billion in Tier 2. There is, of course, also if there's a substantial M&A target that we will act upon, then we have faith that we can come to the market with that case. I think that sums it up.
Okay. Thank you. Just on the private segment, it's difficult as an outsider to understand where there might be any deficiencies in profitability when you're reporting a combined ratio of under 71%. I recognize that there's obviously pockets in there that might be higher than that, but it doesn't strike me as an area where there's any profitability concerns, frankly.
Blair, if you look at 2020, the landslide at Gjerdrum, that was a major event. We reported a majority of that claim on corporate center. It's limited on the segments. It was a mild winter. We also had this pandemic situation, with less driving, people at home taking care of the properties, et cetera. This is volatile. We have to normalize for more weather and more fires. We are looking through what we actually just experience. Of course, it is some differences between motor and property, and we are looking at every business line isolated. As I said, and Jostein said, we gain new customers. We have much stronger competitiveness into 2021 compared to into 2020. Then we can manage to secure that we can strengthen our profitability within the property in a better way maybe now compared to one year ago.
Fair enough. Thanks, guys. Well done.
We will now take the next question from Gerald Goh with Citi. Please go ahead.
Good morning, everyone. Just a couple of questions, please. The first one is on the SCR. Looking at the quarter-on-quarter change, there seems to be an increase in the non-life underwriting risk. Is that primarily related to your strong growth on the commercial side, or are there some other effects there? Correspondingly, that also a decrease in the life underwriting risk. If you don't mind just shedding a bit more color in terms of the moving parts there. On the own funds side, that's also a reduction that's attributed to model changes. Are there any specific drivers as to what might cause that reduction? Thanks.
On the SCR part, the non-life increase is mainly due to growth in the business, really. You do also see slight effects if the Norwegian kroner depreciates, since we report in Norwegian kroner. Mainly, this is reflecting the good underlying growth in the business. The life side is slightly more technical, both is very related to the introduction of this own pension account system, which I briefly touched upon in the presentation. Which will, in the longer term, or in the short, at least medium term, probably lead to lower profit margins as such, but also have a short-term positive reduction in the capital requirement with a similar reduction in the own funds. It doesn't really change the net position that much, slightly negative, actually, on the net position on the capital surplus. Your second question was the reduction in the own funds. It's mainly the dividend, which is the reduction in the own funds. That's the main way. You do generate positive capital surplus except for the dividend decision. We take out the dividends.
Sorry, Jostein, I meant the reduction that's being attributed to regulatory and model changes.
Oh, that specific part of the bridge, yeah. That is related to the Pension account I talked about. The introduction of the own p ension accounts, which reduces both capital requirement and own funds.
Right. Yep. Just a quick question, if I may. Do you have any thoughts around managing the solvency perhaps below the upper end of the mid-range, say the midpoint of it? Do you intend to stay, at the upper end of it?
We're comfortable to be within that range. That's why we set it like that. We could be at the lower end, but where we are at the moment, this fits well with our dividend policy.
Okay, great. Thank you.
We will now take the next question from Steven Haywood with HSBC. Please go ahead.
Good morning. Thank you very much. Firstly, I noticed that your reinvestment rate in the fourth quarter has dropped down to 2% from 3.3% in the third quarter. Can you explain why such a drop has happened here? Then secondly from me, or finally from me, is mainly on RSA Denmark. With the known asset that's up for sale, would it be an interesting asset for you to own? Thank you.
The second one, the reinvestment rate is we purely report the average of the investments we've actually done. It can be a bit volatile from quarter to quarter because depending on what type of paper is available in the market for us. The trend has been downward for a long time. Actually, I think back in the second quarter, due to financial turmoil, we did actually manage to invest at some higher rates, but they have now come back, and credit spreads have gone down during the fourth quarter. It is only natural that our reinvestment rate drops as well.
Could you please repeat your second question? Was it if we are interested or what was your question regarding?
RSA. Yeah, sorry.
Yeah.
Sorry, Helge. Would RSA Denmark be an interesting asset for you to own?
Yeah. RSA Denmark, as I said, I think I said it during my presentation, and I said the growth strategy for Gjensidige is unchanged. We want to grow in the Nordic area. If it arise opportunities, as it may arise in Denmark, we are of course interested in looking into growth opportunities. That's a positive answer from me, but I can't go more deeply into that, of course.
I appreciate that. Thank you very much.
We will now take the next question from Håkon Astrup with DNB Markets. Please go ahead.
Good morning. Two questions from me. The first question on premium growth. You also state in the report that the near-term growth is expected to be above the long-term level of nominal GDP. Is it possible to give some more color on how much above and for how long? That is the first question. The second question is on the EU taxonomy. Can you be a bit more specific on what activities you will do to prepare for the taxonomy and how you think the taxonomy will impact Gjensidige? Thank you.
You are a bit unclear on the first one, Håkon, and we didn't quite catch what the question was actually, the first one.
Okay, perfect. I will try again. The first one is on premium growth. You state in the report that near-term growth is expected to be above the long-term level of nominal GDP.
Yeah.
Can you give some more color on how much above and for how long?
I think I will not give that type of guiding. What I can say and repeat, Håkon, that 1st of January renewals for commercial are very strong. Our competitiveness in, I'm talking about Norway now, in the private segment is good. Our new sales is significantly stronger second half 2020 compared to first half. We will be above, expected to be above expected claims inflation, short, medium term. How much and how long, I think I will not go into that.
In terms of taxonomy, Håkon, as Helge said, we've already started implementing activities to be able to report on this. We will come back to more details as the year progresses, but we are fully prepared to comply with the taxonomy when it comes into force.
How do you think that will, in general, the EU taxonomy will impact Gjensidige?
Excuse me.
How it will affect Gjensidige in general, the taxonomy.
How it will affect us. It definitely motivates us in terms of sustainable operations, and it sort of fits in with the focus areas that we've been talking about earlier. We have a number of measures ongoing and initiatives which we'll be adding up to, placing us in a good position in terms of our reporting. We will get back to more details on this as the year progresses.
Perfect. Thank you.
We will now take the next question from Jan Erik Gjerland with ABG. Please go ahead.
Good morning from me as well. I just want to have a couple of questions. The first one goes really to the M&A opportunity. Do you see the RSA transaction as a change in culture, whereby Gjensidige or is it something you can adopt without actually losing your identity long term, if you see it in that way? Secondly, on the IT cost, since you are willing to take this IT system on to the other countries, how much are actually the running costs for the existing systems in Norway, and how much lower do you think it really could be long term? Finally, what is your claims inflation expectation for housing motor in the two different segments in Norway?
Yeah. Good morning, Jan Erik. If I understood your first question regarding culture, I think my general comment is that when we look at the Nordic non-life market, of course, it's differences between company and countries. Overall, I will say that it's many similarities regarding focus on profitability, cost reduction activities, digitalization, et cetera. I do not think that the culture differences is, I would say, any problem. Of course, if we acquire companies and if we go into structural changes, it will be a period of lots of changes, of course, and we have done this for many years. We have experienced what to do. I will not say that culture differences is a large issue when we look at opportunities to grow structurally in this market, in the Nordic market.
The final question. Jan Erik, was regarding inflation and private property, as we have said before, around 4% going forward. This is very volatile. Claims inflation for private motor, we also say that this will be expected to be around 4% going forward. When it comes to commercials, for accident and health, it's around the G going forward, and G in 2020 was 1.5%. Commercial property, it's quite stable development regarding inflation. Four on the private side and lower on the commercial side.
Yeah. Your last question was on the IT costs. We've started outside of Norway because the IT costs related to the core system was higher, at least among others, was higher outside of Norway, the systems we have in Denmark. There are two parts of the benefit side of changing to the new system. One is the improved functionality, which will come as we start taking it into use, and the second part is the cost reduction. That mainly starts coming into force when we reduce the use of the old one. It will be a gradual move from the new to the old system, and we close down the old ones. We get the full cost reductions from the change of core system. It's a gradual process, and it won't come that fast as I might suggest from that. It is coming.
The same goes for Norway. The cost differential from the existing to a new system is lower in Norway, but the new system will also be more cost-efficient there. There is some, as I said, changing a core system in a company like a big insurance company is a process that takes some time.
Perfect. Just one follow-up on the intention in Denmark. How wealthy is the Gjensidige Foundation as they pay out a lot of their excess money to your customers as a dividend? How much capacity do they have, and how willing are they to lower their share in Gjensidige over time? Have you discussed this with them recently?
I think it's hard for me to be very precise and comment the foundation specific. What I will say that the foundation is wealthy and strong. They have also representatives in our board. We have strong, good cooperation with the foundation and have had that for many years. I think it's not right for me to go even further than that overall comments.
Okay. Thank you for your questions and time.
We have four more questions left. The next is coming from with Mediobanca. Please go ahead.
Yeah, thank you for taking my questions. Don't have that many left now, but just wondering if there's any new views on how the runoff Dane cliff in 2023 can potentially be avoided on earnings. Like you're very clear on the dividend, but any sort of areas where your model is it more conservative on reserves or anything like that?
I think we've been clear that we have a forward-looking view on the dividend assessments, and that means that when we end the period of the currently communicated run-off gains, we will have earnings that are sufficient to support that dividend stream of the regular dividends. That is our basic policy there.
Okay, you are preparing for a potential zero run-off gain from 2023?
Our accounting policy is that we have a best estimate on the claims reserves, except for the specifically communicated planned run-off releases. Whether the actual run-off gains will be positive or zero or negative could vary from year to year. Historically, we've had, on average, positive run-off gains, but we've also had years going a bit back in time when we had negative, so there is no guarantee there. The accounting policy is to have best estimate on the claims reserves.
Great. Thank you.
Our next question is coming from Johan from Swedbank. Please go ahead.
Thank you. Several questions have already been answered, let me ask one on the capital model. Can you just remind me the difference in your approved PIM model and the own PIM model that has not yet been approved? Also, are there any new signs from the FSA that you could get the own PIM model validated?
The main differences are related to buffers imposed on our model of the parts of the market risk, the correlations between market risk and underwriting risk, and the modeling of catastrophe or storm risk, which we are using the Standard Formula still on this. We are continuously working on improving our documentation and relying that to the FSA to get more parts of our own calibration of the model approved, but I can't give you any guidance on how long that will take.
Okay. Thanks, Jostein, and congrats with a fantastic year and quarter.
Thanks.
Thank you. Thank you.
The next question is coming from Paul Walsh with InsuranceERM . Please go ahead.
Good morning. Can you hear me okay?
Yeah, we can. Yes.
Terrific. Thank you. Couple of questions from me, please. Obviously, we are still in a remote working environment, across the sector largely. Could you just perhaps explain if there are any operational risks you're encountering due to that environment and what steps you're taking to mitigate them? Can I also ask as well, a couple of things were mentioned in your results about various climate change and sustainability initiatives that you're involved with. Could you perhaps comment a bit on what you think the wider industry could do in order to address climate change? Lastly, if you could possibly just explain some information about your IFRS 17 preparations as well, please. Thank you.
Did your first question related to COVID-19 situation and expected impact going forward? Yeah.
Yes, operational risk.
Operational in general. Yeah. As you have seen, we have delivered a very strong year during the pandemic, and activity is more or less back to normal now around us. Expect travel and possibly driving for some few months. As for the rest of the world, the pandemic has had a significant impact on economies in Gjensidige's market. Thanks to large stimulus packages and gradual easing of restrictions, we do not see any large operational risk going forward. Of course, a significant and persistent increase in unemployment could increase claims cost for disability insurance. You have to remember that to a large extent, we have one-year contracts that enable us to change prices and coverages every year, actually. When it comes to business interruption and things like that, we have commented that earlier.
When we talk about general operational risk, we have large rational players around us. Tryg, If, Fremtind. Fremtind is the new combination of SpareBank 1 and DNB. They have really high ambitions, but they are owned by rational banks. We think we will have a rational climate also going forward around us. Growth expectation is good. When it comes to claims, we do not see any large operational risks related to COVID-19 situation going forward. When it's related to competition, it's more rational, compared to previous years, the situation we have now. Have I forgotten some areas, Mitra?
Remote working and the impact on our operations.
Remote working. Okay. No, I think we will have a combination of what we have experienced in 2020 and the normal situation we had in 2019, 2018 and 2017.
Perhaps I can add something here.
Yes.
We have been talking for several quarters that we have had very good operations through a very difficult year.
Yeah.
With remote working and all the challenges around that. We're very pleased to see that we have an organization which is very agile and able to adapt to this.
Yeah. What's interesting, actually, I think I commented that during my presentation, we have all-time high customer satisfaction at the end of 2020. A year where the customers more or less have been supported by people sitting at home. We have also all-time high employee satisfaction. We have really experienced that we managed to handle our business in an extremely different way compared to before. Going forward, I think this gives us flexibility, further cost effectiveness, and ability to take the best out of 2020 and continue with slightly different way of working methods.
On your next question regarding what the industry can do in terms of climate.
Yeah.
Well, typically, the most important thing we can do is to try to prevent damages. We are working very focused on this to firstly just avoid that the damages happen. Alerting our customers, working on their knowledge on the damages, et cetera. Particularly what we have done in the agricultural sector earlier, for other sectors as we move forward. Now, once the damages happen, what we can do is to try to make the claims processes as sustainable as possible. One example is, for example, for cars, motor. We can work more on increasing the usage of secondhand parts, circular economy, just as examples. We are working dedicatedly to reduce the carbon footprint in our claims processes.
Move on to the third question on IFRS 17. I think we're well on way to start test reporting under IFRS 17. We've working on implementation of the systems needed to be able to report there. Together with the rest of Norwegian insurance industry, discussed and agree on principles for discounts, curves, and so on. In terms of actual changes, it is of course most dramatic in a way to the life insurance industry, and we also have the Gjensidige Pensjonsforsikring, our pension company, which will be affected by that. I think we've set aside necessary resources and are well on the way to manage the transfer to IFRS 17. Thank you very much.
The final question is coming from Thomas Svendsen with SEB. Please go ahead.
Yes, good morning. A question to your expectations for dividend and earnings beyond 2022. If you look at the numbers here, you say that runoff gains will come down towards zero, I guess. It's only the invest there. Also, you're saying that positive COVID effects are around two percentage points. If you assume growth is back to normal, then results might come down by another half a billion from 2023. We're talking about NOK 1.5 billion that's there. When you're talking about your projections, are you thinking that earnings will stay stable or not fall off the cliff, or are you talking about only the ordinary dividend, that you expect that one not to come down in 2023? Question number two, if you could just remind us again of your required rate of return or your cost of equity in connection with M&A. Thank you.
As you perfectly well know, Thomas, we don't guide on results, but we do have our combined ratio targets and the growth that we see. We think we're able to avoid that cliff effect on earnings and dividends through just running the business according to these targets. As you also can observe, we are actually delivering quite a lot better than those targets at the moment, and we have good speed into 2021. What's happening further on, I think I won't guide you anymore on that one. The communication remains the same. We will avoid that cliff effect. The required cost of equity is 6% after tax, of course, we aim to generate value above that.
Okay. Thank you.
That will conclude our question and answer session for today. I would like to turn the conference back to our host for any additional or closing remarks.
Yes. Thank you everyone for good questions. We will be participating in a number of roadshow meetings and conference meetings over the next few weeks, virtually also this quarter, due to the pandemic. The meetings will be held with investors in Norway today and over the next few weeks with investors in U.K., Germany, Copenhagen, France, Canada, and the U.S. You can see more details on this on our financial calendar. Thank you for your attention. Have a nice day and stay healthy everyone. Bye.