Koal Software Ratios and Metrics

Market cap in millions CNY. Fiscal year is January - December.

Millions CNY. Fiscal year is Jan - Dec.

Fiscal Year	Current	FY 2025	FY 2024	FY 2023	FY 2022	FY 2021
Period Ending	May '26 May 5, 2026	Dec '25 Dec 31, 2025	Dec '24 Dec 31, 2024	Dec '23 Dec 31, 2023	Dec '22 Dec 31, 2022	Dec '21 Dec 31, 2021
Market Capitalization	4,518	5,372	3,014	3,194	3,522	3,731
Market Cap Growth	37.88%	78.22%	-5.63%	-9.31%	-5.59%	-27.80%
Enterprise Value	4,105	5,149	2,721	2,696	3,131	2,921
Last Close Price	19.30	22.95	12.84	13.57	15.07	15.77
PE Ratio	-	-	81.89	86.41	-	46.81
Forward PE	71.48	54.64	35.78	22.94	36.19	27.52
PS Ratio	11.96	15.03	5.70	5.69	5.34	6.11
PB Ratio	3.47	4.05	2.12	2.28	2.56	2.67
P/TBV Ratio	3.58	4.13	2.19	2.32	2.64	2.81
EV/Sales Ratio	10.87	14.40	5.14	4.80	4.75	4.78
EV/EBITDA Ratio	-	-	219.10	257.12	-	42.12
EV/EBIT Ratio	-	-	-	-	-	82.93
Debt / Equity Ratio	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.01	0.00	0.00
Debt / EBITDA Ratio	-	-	3.51	0.72	-	0.01
Net Debt / Equity Ratio	-0.32	-0.34	-0.45	-0.55	-0.65	-0.67
Net Debt / EBITDA Ratio	24.02	12.37	-50.99	-72.89	24.07	-13.44
Net Debt / FCF Ratio	19.70	15.23	5.01	6.81	19.19	8.21
Asset Turnover	0.24	0.22	0.32	0.33	0.36	0.35
Inventory Turnover	1.40	2.14	2.30	1.68	1.48	1.33
Quick Ratio	3.09	4.42	5.58	4.48	3.28	2.44
Current Ratio	4.38	5.66	6.12	5.24	3.99	3.21
Return on Equity (ROE)	-4.74%	-6.22%	2.58%	2.64%	-0.66%	5.86%
Return on Assets (ROA)	-1.98%	-2.56%	-0.11%	-0.75%	-2.36%	1.25%
Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)	-5.72%	-7.93%	-0.40%	-3.11%	-14.54%	8.45%
Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)	-3.70%	-4.80%	-0.20%	-1.40%	-5.00%	2.50%
Earnings Yield	-1.38%	-1.58%	1.22%	1.16%	-0.25%	2.14%
FCF Yield	-0.46%	-0.55%	-4.20%	-3.51%	-1.32%	-3.04%
Dividend Yield	0.27%	-	0.39%	0.44%	-	0.82%
Payout Ratio	-	-	38.26%	0.19%	-	29.07%
Buyback Yield / Dilution	-	-2.34%	0.41%	-6.07%	7.09%	-2.68%
Total Shareholder Return	0.27%	-2.34%	0.80%	-5.63%	7.09%	-1.86%

Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence. Standard template. Financial Sources.