Earnings Call: Q4 2019

Jun 5, 2019

Good morning, and welcome to the Brown Forman 4th Quarter and Fiscal Year 2019 Earnings Call. My name is Nicole, and I'll be facilitating the audio portion of today's interactive broadcast. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speakers' remarks, there will be a question and answer segment. At this time, I would like to turn the show over to Jay Koval, VP of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir. Thanks, Nicole, and good morning, everyone. I want to thank you for joining us for Brown Forman's year end earnings call for fiscal 2019. Joining me today are Lawson Whiting, President and Chief Executive Officer and Jane Moreau, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. This morning's conference call contains forward looking statements based on our current expectations. Numerous risks and uncertainties may cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated or projected in these statements. Many of the factors that will determine future results are beyond the company's ability to control or predict, and you should not place undue reliance on any forward looking statements and the company undertakes no obligation to update any of these statements whether due to new information, future events or otherwise. This morning, we issued a press release containing our results for the Q4 of fiscal 2019 in addition to posting presentation materials that Lawson and Jane will walk through momentarily. Both the release and the presentation can be found on our website under the section titled Investors, Events and Presentations. In the press release, we have listed a number of the risk factors that you should consider in conjunction with our forward looking statements. Other significant risk factors are described in our Form 10 ks, 8 ks and 10 Q reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. During this call, we will be discussing certain non GAAP financial measures. These measures are reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures and the reasons that management believes that they provide useful information to investors regarding the company's financial conditions and results of operations are contained in press release and investor presentation. As a reminder, before I turn the call over to Lawson and Jane, in the interest of time and fairness, we ask that you limit your questions to 1 per analyst. You're welcome to rejoin the queue and we'll take your follow-up questions as time permits. So with that, Lawson? Thank you, Jay, and good morning, everyone. We've called this the year of change, challenges and continued consumer momentum for Brown Forman. We're generally pleased with our top and bottom line results for fiscal 2019, both of which were up 5% on an underlying basis. Importantly, our top line growth rate would have been really, I call the run rate would have been 6% excluding the impact from tariffs. So generally call it a good year in maintaining consumer momentum, not a great year given all the headwinds that we're facing to the bottom line, but still a good year for us. We have a lot of reasons too to be optimistic I think about fiscal 2020 beyond. Starting with the U. S. Spirits market itself where the trends are as strong as ever, particularly within the consumer goods world, the U. S. Spirits market remains one of the best businesses in CPG. We believe we have one of the best premium spirits portfolios in the world as evidenced really by the strength and consistency of our long term results. We've averaged 5% to 6% underlying top line growth for most of the last decade and we expect more of the same in fiscal 2020. So Jane in a few minutes will share more of the detail behind what we believe was balanced delivery of these results in fiscal 2019 then also share some key milestones that we achieved during the year. So rather than remember fiscal 2019 is the year of tariffs, we'll change the headline to be 2019 remembered as the year we continue to invest in momentum across the portfolio and we delivered balanced growth across many geographies and brands. Recently, the IWSR Global Report came out a week or 2 ago and it was interesting to read as it covered or talked about a lot of the both attractive and then call it unattractive segments within beverage alcohol. Essentially, it said the categories really that you want to be in going forward include whiskey, tequila, gin and the format of RTDs generally. And we obviously have a big whiskey business, we have a big tequila business, RTDs are increasingly important to the company, and we continue to seek ways to play into the gin category. So we feel like we're positioned well in the categories that you want to be in and relatively less involved in categories like vodka, liqueurs, rum, wine and even beer where we do not have as much exposure. So it really supports our overall portfolio strategy and overall and all the portfolio reshaping we've done over the past several years, as we've gotten out of some of those unattractive categories. For example, obviously, the divestiture of our wine business a few years ago and our liqueur businesses 2 or 3 years ago and then really increasing our exposure to whiskey both with Irish and scotches. So we feel pretty good about the portfolio shaping we've done and the impact that can have going forward. So some brand highlights from fiscal 2019. First, just talk Interbrand, which is the global marketing agency, once again named Jack Daniel's Tennessee Whiskey as the most valuable global spirits trademark in the world. Our teams are very proud of that and we continue to defend that position strongly. And while we believe the runway is still long for Tennessee Whiskey, we've been thoughtfully diversifying the trademark through innovation and geographic broadening of our revenue base. Today, the Jack Daniel's family of brands beyond Tennessee Whiskey is now over 3,400,000 cases and Jack Daniel's RTDs crossed 9,000,000 cases. These brands are much earlier in their global development than Tennessee Whiskey and they tend to be both growth and margin enhancing. Most importantly, they strengthened the Jack Daniel's trademark by allowing us to participate in new drinking occasions and bring in new consumers. So we expect the forthcoming Jack Daniel's Tennessee Apple to be a significant contributor globally in the years ahead. The Apple Whiskey category has grown to over 2,000,000 cases, nearly all of which is in the United States, and our partners are very excited about the potential for this Jack Daniel's Tennessee Apple in the marketplace. While it's essentially going to be a U. S. Only launch in fiscal 'twenty, we are excited about the long term potential for the brand around the world. Another highlight of fiscal 2019 would be Woodford Reserve. It's interesting. It took us 10 years. We started the brand in 1997 and it took us 10 years to hit the 100,000 case mark. Last year, the brand added 170,000 cases. So globally, the brand family hit 890,000 cases and is well on track to surpass 1,000,000 cases in 2020. Woodford was named Spirit Brand of the Year by MarketWatch and for anyone who watched this year's Kentucky Derby, we executed some amazing activations for the brand and generated sizable impressions through our excellent sponsorship. Furthermore, the performance of Woodford Reserve Double Oaked, the launch of malt, special offerings such as our partnership with Woodford with Baccarat and Duty Free this summer all served to further premiumize the brand and really solidify it as the category leader in the world of super premium whiskey. And we do believe the best is yet to come with significant run room in the United States and then even greater outside of the United States, which delivered only 20% of its volume this year. Tequilas are another bright spot in the portfolio with both Herradura and el Jimador delivering double digit growth rates last year, And we've also introduced a Cristalino product down in Mexico called Herradura Ultra, which is approaching 100,000 cases. So that business is very strong and growing very quickly. So while the majority of our portfolio growth is coming from these American Whiskey brands and our tequila brands, we're also planting seeds for tomorrow's growth. Over the last few years, we've launched Slane Irish Whiskey, we bought the Glen Dranach, Benrioche and Glen Glassall trademarks in the single malt space, all of which are growing at tremendous growth rates right now. In summary, our portfolio strategy focused on premiumization and disciplined innovation is a clear strength of Brown Forman. We really believe it will continue to deliver consistent results year in and year out including positive mix. We really don't have a leaky bucket anymore, which is another benefit to our business. Over the past years, there were a number of years that where brands were really leaking on the sales line and provided sort of a headwind for us and we've largely fixed those or sold them off. So we still we remain very confident in our portfolio going forward. I'm frequently asked about the sustainability of this the bourbon boom in general and the supply outlook. And believe me, it's something we study closely as our perspective has implications on our long term corporate strategies. But in short, we believe this Bourbon Renaissance is just getting started and the historical cycles really would support this viewpoint. Younger consumers are increasingly focused on brands with provenance and with authenticity and they're searching for quality over quantity. With our premium spirits portfolio intentionally focused on American whiskey, we believe we're one of the best positioned companies in the consumer staples universe to continue to deliver sustained compounding growth in sales. In addition to favorable category trends, another reason I believe in our ability to deliver growth in both fiscal 2020 and over the long term, we're still comparatively early in our journey into the world of the international world, particularly in emerging markets. As just one example, 10 years ago in Brazil, our business was roughly 35,000 cases. Today, it's our 10th largest market in the world and we sell over 400,000 cases and there are numerous examples like that around the world. Moreover, 20% of JAK's volumes come from the emerging market space. And some of you may remember, we've talked about this in past investor calls, 50% of Johnnie Walker's volumes are coming from the emerging markets. And so as we approach a lot of those emerging markets, we really do believe we have a long runway ahead to keep capturing share from the incumbent scotch whiskey brands in many of these markets. We plan for the long term enabled by strong Brown family support. So while the short term discussion might be skewed to topics such as the tariff impact on our margins, we're focused on the opportunities ahead that will help us deliver the best possible shareholder returns through the power of compounding over many years. The spirits business, as I said, is one of the best in the world. We enjoy strong rates of growth driven by increasing consumer demand. We successfully delivered higher rates of growth in the industry over the long term, thanks to our focused portfolio strategies in the right categories and our ability to build and grow world class brands. We fully intend on fueling this momentum with the right balance of investments in our brands, our geographies, our assets and our people, and we believe that this will enable us to deliver great results, including consistent and sustained top line growth, high operating margins and leading returns on invested capital. So believe we can get back to that high single digit operating income growth when we move past these tariff burdens in the middle of fiscal 2020. The tariff burden is substantial. As you would have heard on our last call, we talked about $125,000,000 on an annualized basis. Roughly 60% of the American whiskey business into Europe is a brown form and product. So we have a high share of these exports. So we view these tariffs really from the EU as a targeted campaign right at Brown Forman, an American business headquartered in Kentucky. Our corporate headquarters, our production assets and the employees who produce our fine whiskeys are all located in the United States and that isn't going to change. We've invested billions over the years behind capacity expansion and aging inventory stocks, and we've created meaningful jobs and contributing to growth in both Kentucky and Tennessee. It's a tough situation. We continue to actively work with our leaders in both the U. S. And abroad and we seek a quick resolution to these tariffs. So with that, let me turn the call over to Jane for a more detailed look at both fiscal 2019 and the outlook for 2020. Okay. Thanks, Lawson, and good morning, everyone. I plan on covering 3 main areas today during my prepared remarks. 1st, I'll review our fiscal 2019 results. 2nd, I'll discuss our fiscal 2020 outlook. And 3rd, I'll walk you through the foreign exchange and tariff headwinds we have been facing. After I complete my prepared remarks, we'll open it up to Q and A. As we reflect on fiscal 2019, we're very pleased with our employees' and partners' ability to adapt and manage through a very active year of change and challenges. We continue to invest in the consumer momentum across our business, which in a consistent and solid results you saw this morning, as well as the achievement of several milestones, which I will cover later. As Lawson mentioned, we estimate the price adjustments associated with tariffs reduced our full year operating underlying net sales growth by nearly 1 percentage point. Thus, we believe underlying net sales growth of 6% after adjusting for this tariff is really impressive rate of growth in the consumer world and in line with our long term track record of performance. Adverse foreign exchange was the primary delta between our underlying and reported sales growth of 2%. Our top line growth was driven by broad based geographic gains and a balanced contribution across our portfolio of brands. Further, the year was marked by a balanced year of capital deployment and a continuation of our industry leading operating margin and return on invested capital. Okay. Now let's look at our fiscal 2019 sales results by a major geographic cluster. After a soft start to the fiscal year in the United States, underlying net sales accelerated slightly from the first half to the second half. Despite this acceleration, the back half performance in the United States fell below our expectations and was the main driver of the company coming in slightly below our guidance range for underlying net sales growth in the year. Correspondingly, SG and A also came in below our forecast due primarily to lower compensation related expenses. Recent blended takeaway trends for our total distilled spirits into the U. S. Continue to point to a very healthy industry as we move into fiscal 2020. Our estimate of the U. S. Markets growth on a value basis is in the 6% to 7% range, while our blended 3 month takeaway trend has improved 2 points from last fall to roughly 6%. We expect our trends to continue to improve in fiscal 2020, particularly projecting of Tennessee Whiskey given the brand activations and promotional activity we began to implement in late April and we will continue to drive and execute this fiscal year. This includes significant reallocations within advertising spend to increase broad reach media and digital investments by double digits over the next 12 months. Our emerging markets were a standout performer with underlying net sales up 11% in the year on top of the 13% growth achieved in fiscal 2018. We delivered broad based and consistent growth with our 2 largest markets, Mexico and Poland, up 11% and 10%, respectively. Our collective emerging markets outside of these markets also grew 11%, driven by Brazil, one of our top 10 largest where our growth trajectory remains impressive with underlying net sales up 25% as we surpassed 400,009 liter cases in the year. Russia results improved as we lapped the route market changes made in late fiscal 2018 with underlying net sales growth of 17%. China grew strong double digits fueled by doubling of our e premise business, which now represents over 30% of Jack Daniel's Tennessee Whiskey sales in China. We have established strong technical partnerships with leading e commerce platforms in China that are allowing us to reach more consumers, tell our stories and be available where they are shopping. Several other markets are growing well, including Sub Sahara Africa and Ukraine, which grew underlying net sales double digits, while India and Southeast Asia delivered high single digit growth. In our developed markets, business remains solid, up mid single digit and in line with our historical performance after adjusting for over 1 percentage point drag due to tariff. Germany approached 1,000,000 drinks equivalent cases growing underlying net sales percent with particular strength in RTD. Australia at nearly 1,000,000 drinks equivalent cases drove 6% underlying net sales growth also powered by RTDs. Growth in the United Kingdom, France and Japan were more subdued, up low single digits. Spain's route to consumer investment nearly 2 years ago fueled strong double digit gains again in fiscal 2019 with significant share opportunities remaining in this nearly 5,000,000 case whiskey market. I think it's interesting to observe between great results in our international market and our various awards we've received, recognizing Brown Forman is a great place to work in markets such as Poland, France and Spain to name a few. We believe our performance reflects the great talent and the commitment of our employees in these markets. Travel Retail delivered another solid year of results, including underlying net sales growth of 6% with the Jack Daniel family of brands over 1,000,000 Ni liter cases, Woodford approaching 100,000 and tequila is over 50. And at just 4% of total travel retail market share on a value basis, we believe there is plenty of room for our travel retail business to grow. Moving on to the discussion of our balanced delivery of growth across our portfolio of brands and some additional awards and milestones achieved this past year. For starters, the beverage information group named Brown Forman the U. S. Supplier of the Year, awarding us more brand growth awards than any other supplier. The Jack Daniel's family of brands reached 25,800,000 9 liter cases, including 9,000,000 cases of Jack Daniel's RTDs. Roughly 1 quarter of the family's volumes are driven by brands other than Jack Daniel's Tennessee Whiskey and 60% of total volumes are generated in markets outside of the United States. Jack Daniel's Tennessee Whiskey grew to over 13,400,000 cases, including over 8,000,000 cases internationally, making it the single largest expression sold over $25 per bottle. Honey and Fire are nearing 2,500,000 cases combined with growth rates fueled by further development of the non U. S. Business where Jack Daniel's Tennessee Honey's volumes are over 1,000,000 cases. And we are excited about this fall's launch of Jectino's Tennessee Apple in the U. S. Marketplace. Now Lawson spent some time addressing our focus on portfolio development, including premiumization and innovation, particularly related to our leading portfolio of American whiskey. Excluding Jack Daniel's Tennessee Whiskey, in aggregate, we grew underlying net sales by double digits for our premium American whiskey brands, including Gentleman Jack, Diffeino Single Barrel, Woodford Reserve and Old Forester. Combined, almost 2,200,000 nanolitre cases were depleted. Gentleman Jack grew underlying net sales high single digits and Jack Daniel's single barrel grew at its fastest rate in the last 7 years, driven in part by the barrel of recognition as the 3rd best whiskey in the world by Whiskey Magazine. In addition to the significant contribution from Woodford Reserve as it nears 1,000,000 cases, our founding brand, Old Forester, surged past 250,000 cases, the brand's highest volumetric level since 1994. Our homeplace investments play an important role in providing consumers with the opportunity to experience our brands and to learn about how they are produced, including last year's opening of the $50,000,000 Old Forester homeplace and distillery. The Old Forester tour has already ranked as one of the top 10 best new visitor and tourist attractions by USA Today and is well on track to reach 100,000 visitors later this summer. In other innovation, we now have rye products in the market from Jack Daniel's, Woodford Reserve and Old Forester, which by the way won a Gold Medal at the San Francisco World Spirits Competition. Total rye volumes for these three brands are over 100,000 cases and rye remains a fast growing category in the U. S. Tequilas are also a fast growing and important part of our business, depleting 9,200,000 cases in fiscal 2019, which includes almost 7,000,000 cases of NuMex RTD. Our tequila brands, including Herradura and El Jimador and new mix collectively grew underlying net sales by 12% this year on top of last year's 13% growth, helped by our Cristalino products. The kelid category is growing well and our brands are well positioned to capitalize on these trends going forward. Unfortunately, consumer demand for 100 percent agave tequilas is leading to record high agave prices and necessitate that we implement more aggressive price increases over the coming months to maintain a vibrant business, particularly in the lower priced Mexican market. Moving down the P and L, our gross margins declined 260 basis points in fiscal 2019. 160 basis points of this decline was due to absorbing the cost of tariffs in the majority of countries, while higher input costs, including wood and agave and other such items such as foreign exchange drove the remainder. Gross margin compression was partially offset by the 5% decline in underlying SG and A in fiscal 2019 due to lower compensation related expenses and our continued disciplined approach to cost. SG and A levels today are slimmer to 5 years ago, thanks to a focus on efficiency and productivity. Over this period, these initiatives have allowed us not only to reallocate spend to our brands, but to continue to make strategic investments such as establishing the emerging brands team in the U. S. And setting up our owned route to market in Spain. Underlying A and P investment grew over 3% as we invested in our American Whiskey brand. In aggregate, we grew underlying operating income 9%, thanks to the absence of prior year's $70,000,000 contribution to establish the Charitel Foundation. Earnings per share jumped 17% in fiscal 2019 to 1.73 dollars Let's now move on to look at our outlook for fiscal 2020. On the top line, we expect underlying net sales growth of 5% to 7%. Our revenue growth has been one of the most consistent stories in the industry and we have confidence in delivering results in this range. For fiscal 2019, underlying net sales excluding price adjustments related to tariffs was approximately 6%. We expect a negligible impact from tariff related price decreases in fiscal 2020 versus fiscal 2019's 1 point drag. Moving to the U. S, recent increases in media and promotional activity are beginning to accelerate the company's blended value takeaway, now growing approximately 6%. We expect Jack Daniel's Tennessee whiskey volume and underlying net sales growth to accelerate in the U. S. In fiscal 2020, as well as the back half contribution from the launch of Jack Daniel's Tennessee Apple. Fiscal 2020 will be another challenging year for gross margin, which we expect them to be down about 200 basis points, split evenly between the remaining cost of sales, impact related to tariffs and higher input costs. We assume tariffs remain in place for the full 12 months this fiscal year versus roughly 7 months in fiscal 2019. As a reminder, we chose to absorb the tariff impact in most countries in fiscal 2019 to invest behind the consumer momentum and are currently planning to continue to do this as we enter into fiscal 2020. Setting aside the tariff impact, higher input costs primarily related to agave as well as ongoing wood inflation are expected to be an even greater drag on gross margin in fiscal 2020. We have less internally sourced supply of agave this year, meaning we are increasingly purchasing in the open market and facing historically high agave prices. Against this backdrop, cost discipline and efficiency improvements remain top priorities. We will stay diligent on SG and A and are targeting growth of only low single digits in fiscal 2020. Underlying A and P investment is expected to grow at a somewhat lower rate than underlying net sales growth, but only slightly lagging. In addition to the incremental investment plan, we have reallocated advertising investments from less efficient areas such as agency fees, sponsorships and local events to significantly increase our investment in broad reach media and digital and in the range of scalable consumer facing activations. Media investment alone is expected to increase up to 30% in key markets such as the U. S, U. K, Germany, France and Australia. In addition, we expect to add significant incremental dollars to fund promotional activities, particularly in the U. S. This investment is reflected in our net sales forecast and is additive to our advertising investment. In summary, we are confident that our media plans and overall spend levels will support our top line growth expectations for fiscal 2020. We also believe we will be able to continue to drive leverage from gross profit to operating income, resulting in underlying operating income growth in the 3% to 5% range and earnings per share of $1.75 to $1.85 This EPS range incorporates a tax rate of 21% in fiscal 2020 versus this past year's 19.8 2020, we expect to get back to our historic high single digit underlying operating income growth fueled by consistent underlying net sales growth. Now before I wrap up, I want to discuss our foreign exchange headwinds. Foreign exchange negatively impacted our results this past year by 2 points at the top line and 3 points at the operating income level. Foreign exchange headwinds are not new to us. In fact, they've been present for much of the last decade. Thought it might be helpful to help frame this, given that we are the only U. S. Based publicly listed Spheres company, meaning we are hurt by a strong dollar where our foreign competitors have benefited as their own currencies have devalued against the U. S. Dollars. 5 years ago, the euro was 24% higher than the rate on April 30 this year. The British pound and Australian dollar were both over 30% higher for the same period. Many emerging markets, including Russia, Turkey and Brazil have experienced much more significant devaluation. With over half of our revenue generated outside of the United States and the majority of our production occurring in the United States, we have been disproportionately impacted by the strengthening dollar. To help quantify the impact, we estimate that our current year sales of $3,300,000,000 would have been nearly $400,000,000 higher if foreign exchange rates have remained at fiscal 2014 levels. This translates into an estimated operating income impact of $160,000,000 or $0.27 of EPS at a 21% tax rate. In addition to those amounts, we believe the strengthening dollar over the period likely hurt demand in some markets because of reduced impair in dollar terms. On top of adverse foreign exchange, as you know, Brown Forman has gotten caught in the cost of the world of retaliatory tariffs. The gross annualized impact from tariffs, as we've discussed before, is roughly $125,000,000 before taking into account any country rescinding or lower tariffs and any mitigation actions we took in fiscal 2019 or will take in fiscal 2020. So we are certainly facing a few short term challenges. That said, we believe that the dollar won't stay strong forever, that rational thought will prevail on tariffs given they lead to numerous unintended negative consequences, including higher costs for consumers and agave prices will come down given historic viscosity. As a result, all of these factors are weighing down our near term results, but we view them as temporal and likely to reverse over time. In summary, fiscal 2019 was another year of solid and consistent top line performance at Brown Forman, delivering nearly 6% underlying net sales growth after adjusting for tariffs. While we were disappointed by the mixed results in the United States, We believe we have begun and will continue to take the appropriate actions to accelerate the U. S. Business in fiscal 2020 and are optimistic that our recent improving takeaway performance reflects some of those actions already. We expect stronger rates of top line growth outside the U. S. Than in the U. S. Again in fiscal 2020. While gross margins are expected to remain under pressure in fiscal 2020, our cost containment and efficiency efforts have propelled operating margins above 34%, including the investments we have been making in our business. We again ended the fiscal year with a top tier ROIC of 22%, including another year of record investment behind our business in the form of CapEx and barreled whiskey inventory based on our medium term growth outlook. Strong and consistent financial results and judicious capital allocation have helped us deliver terrific returns for our shareholders. Our excellent 10 year TSR was 19% per year. This type of compound growth results in tremendous value creation for shareholders. $100 invested a decade ago would have been worth over $5.50 at the end of this past fiscal year. And we are hard at working on executing the long term strategy that we believe will help drive superior shareholder returns over the next decade. And that wraps up our prepared remarks. So Nicole, could you please open up the call to questions? Certainly. And the first question comes from the line of Chris Pritchard with Redburn. You referred to the launch of Apple in the back half of the year. I was wondering if you could talk through what lessons you've learned from Honey and Fire and how specifically you're looking to position the brand to tap into the 2,000,000 cases that you referred to? Thank you. Yes. I mean, I think and Jane you can weigh in too. But over, I'll say, the last 9 years, it's been about 9 years since we launched Honey, we've been very thoughtful and measured with our flavor strategy. But one thing we do know is the flavors do bring in new consumers into the franchise It's Since 2011 with Honey and then 2015 with Fire. So those brands have been around now for a while and they continue to grow. And as I said, they continue to add to our only our growth rate, but our margins. So these are good healthy businesses for us. I find it interesting flavored whiskey now, I mean, this is just a U. S. Comment, but flavored whiskey is now larger than the flavored vodka category in the United States. So it's a big category. It's a very profitable category. And one that we've seen really minimal cannibalization over a period of time. So there's a lot of good things going on in the world of flavored whiskeys for us and one we're going to continue on it. And I should say is it's only going to be in the United States and it's only the second half of the fiscal year. So it doesn't have a massive impact on next year. But long term when we roll it out internationally, we'll really be the 1st big brand that goes with the apple flavor internationally and it keeps us pretty optimistic that can be meaningful business. And just to be specific, I don't want to pin you to targets, but in terms of the 1st 12 months of launch, should we expect a sort of Honey style step up in terms of volume? And specifically, how are you positioning it so as to not cannibalize the Honey brand? Well, I mean, we don't have a we're not going to give a call volume forecast. We have said that it can improve our growth rate by what about 0.5 point next fiscal year. So that you can sort of back into some sizes there. But no, I mean, I think the way people consume the Apple will be different than the way they consume the Honey brand. And so I don't as I said, we haven't seen significant cannibalization in the past and we really don't have a reason to see it. We don't really think it will be that big going forward. Obviously, there's a lot of Jack Daniel's drinkers right now that have moved into Crown Royal Apple because that brand has been so big over the last few years. And so our hope is that we're going to go get some share back from there too. Great. Thank you very much. Your next question is from the line of Peter Grom with JPMorgan. Hey, good morning, everyone. Good morning, Peter. So Jane, I was hoping you could elaborate more on your underlying SG and A outlook. The performance in 2019 was clearly impressive. But on top of cost savings and efficiencies, you've highlighted in the past that some of the OpEx leverage was more one time in nature as well as due to compensation. So can you maybe just touch on where you see the opportunities to cut more? And then also what kind of triggered those bonuses or compensation related items that helped 2019 to move back into SG and A in 2020? And does your guidance reflect those bonuses coming back? Thanks. There's a lot of questions there. So I think you're just really asking about our guidance on SG and A going forward. And I will, as we talked about in our in my script today, just if I go back to 2013, we've been reallocating from SG and A to 13, we've been reallocating from SG and A to brand expense purposefully for a number of years. And over the last 5 years, our SG and A is flat with what today versus what it was 5 years ago due to what you're referring to is some of our productivity and efficiency initiatives that we've had going on. But yet, we've been able to continue our strategic investments, whether it's in emerging markets or route to markets and so forth. And we'll plan to do that. We still have some other projects going on as it relates to SG and A, but we continue to have when we think about efficiency and productivity initiatives, think about every line item, every operating expense line item of the P and L. So that starts from discounting and ensuring those are the most effective and efficient they are. So gets into our revenue growth management capabilities, it gets into our cost of sales, looking at packaging opportunities, looking at ensuring our supply chain is as efficient as it can be. It looks at forcing opportunities not only in our cost of goods, but in our advertising and SG and A. These are all projects that we continue to have ongoing as we look ahead. And so, I've guided this morning to a modest growth in SG and A, a low single digit growth next year in SG and A. We did benefit this year, as you know, from some one time items. And as you know, some of that was compensation related items, but we've got what we plan for next year is we have a philosophy regarding our compensation, we got to pay for growth or we got to grow to pay for that growth. And so that's all built into our outlook for next year. Great. Thank you. The next question comes from the line of Vivien Azer with Cowen. Hi, good morning. Good morning, Vivien. Hi, Vivien. So I wanted to touch on pricing and promotion. Jane, your call out on stepped up promo in 2020 in the U. S, in particular, it makes a lot of sense given some of the trends that we've been seeing. So I was hoping that you could just comment on how that impacts your expectations for the pricing that you've been seeing in the brown spirits category in the U. S? Has that been tempering already? You expect that to continue? And then how that impacts your thoughts around the total company top line algo volumes, pricing and mix? Thanks. Yes. Okay. There was a lot there too. I'm glad you pointed out and Mitt brought up the promotional incremental spend we're going to do in the U. S. And we started doing a little bit in the Q4, really in late April. And if you recall from our Q3 call, we actually had expected some of the promotional activity and some of our shifts and spend more to broad beach media to actually take hold in the Q4 and accelerated our U. S. Growth faster than it and it just hasn't come about yet. So we're very encouraged about our most recent and I don't you all know me, I don't typically focus on short term trends, but because we were able to get these programs in late in the year in April, we went on new creative and Broadreach Media starting last week of April, I think it's relevant to look at what's working now. And the latest drop of Nielsen trends shows for Tennessee Whiskey in particular an increase in the volume. You will see some increase in promotional activity too as you're pointing out. As we look into the rest 2020, we expect to continue to have some increased promotional activity. Smart about it in terms of when and how we do it. We'll be very smart about that. As you know, we will be. So as we look at the plan for next year, when I talk about the 5% to 7% growth at the top line on an underlying basis, it will be another year of more volume driven plan than a price driven plan. We do have some pricing expected, largely tequilas, which we can talk about later. But other than that, it's going to largely be a volume driven plan with some benefits continuing from mix because we're expecting next year's volume growth from our Premium Plus business to continue to outpace and provide mix benefits. Yes, let me I'll put just a couple of other points around it. I mean, in calendar 2018, so not yes, in calendar 2018, we did take prices up on Jack Daniel's. We were up during the O and D period. And unfortunately, the competition went down at the same time and we got hurt. That's part of the reason why the U. S. Had a tough year last year. And we really did a call to action on the U. S. Teams over the last, say, few months all the way through the three tiers to really rally behind the Jack Daniel's Tennessee Whiskey brand. And as Jane mentioned, there's significant increases in media. We've got all kinds of new creative out there. And we are going to be a little bit more aggressive on the pricing front. As you say, some of the short term reactions are pretty good, but it's one of the reasons why I do think we will have a good year in fiscal 2020 because we've let out a little rope to the teams to be a little more aggressive and hopefully we'll see the results from that. Perfect. Thank you very much. Your next question comes from the line of Amit Sharma with BMO Capital. Hi, there. This is Drew Levine on for Amit. Thanks for taking the questions. I wanted to ask about the Mexico tariffs that are supposed to go in place next week. I know tequila is around 8% of the portfolio now. Can you just provide some context on how much of that is in the U. S, if potential tariffs are contemplated within your guidance? And then kind of combined with pricing actions on tequila, if you think you might need to take even more and how that could impact volume for the category? Thank you. Yes. That's all great questions. And on guidance, we do not have any increases, decreases, built in there. So no rescinding of tariffs from Canada or Mexico, but they have already said nor a reduction in Turkey's tariffs 140% north. Mexico is going the other way. With that being said, as you saw, this is a staged impact, so it would go up on a monthly basis. And as we look at the rescinding versus the non versus this new, it's not material to our overall picture next year. Our tequila sales in the U. S, so this would be new on imports of tequila in the U. S, this tax that referring to is only 3% of our total revenues. So it's pretty small in the grand scheme of things. When we look at pricing itself, we just as a reminder, I alluded to this in my script too, we are taking pricing next year in Mexico or this year in Mexico in fiscal 2020. We took pretty aggressive pricing last year with 10% pricing. We're taking double digit pricing again this year. Some of that simply because the market there is more accepting this right now given that the Mexican market in general has lower margins. And so given that pressures from Agave, other players are also taking it and we are too. Now as it relates to the U. S, we already have some selected price increases planned. We're starting to see a little bit of pricing in the U. S. And syndicated data on tequilas and we'll keep mindful of that. And of course, the situation you alluded to, we'll be very mindful of and I'm very on top of and we'll adjust as we need to. Yes. I mean, there's so many moving parts in the world of tequila these days. It's kind of fascinating that the general consumer demand has been fantastic. The demand for innovation, as we mentioned in the Cristalinos at very high price points, sort of ultra premium price points and the demand for that is fascinating too. But all that demand has created so much pressure on the supply and Jane walked through all that. But it's dramatic a business that we would have that would see the raw input costs going up by very large multiples. I mean, from low single digit pesos per kilogram to sort of mid-20s, even high-20s. There's very few I mean, I can't think of very many businesses that see a 5, 6, 7 times increase in your raw cost. So the pricing environment has to give a little bit. We have to think that. It hasn't really moved much yet in the United States as you said it has in Mexico, because they started from a lower base. But we do expect that the future. And if tariffs enter the conversation then I don't know. I don't know where it how significant and how long with those and what that impact will be. We're just going to have to be a little more agile on our own pricing strategies and see how that plays out. Your next question comes from the line of Judy Hong with Goldman Sachs. Thank you. Good morning. First, Jane, I don't know if I missed this, but did you give a gross margin guidance for fiscal 2020 and how tariff versus the input costs kind of break out in terms of your gross margin guidance? And then just more broadly speaking, just going back to your U. S. Business, I think certainly makes sense to spend a bit more money on the promotional side of the equation. I guess, Lawson, I'm still curious to hear kind of your thoughts on your total ad spending going down as a percent of sales this year in light of again when you hear your competitors raising their ad spending 200 basis points over the last 2 years, why not sort of take the year to do both, so increase promo and ad spending as a percent of your sales more aggressively? Thank you. Let me answer your first question and I'll start on the second. And Austin, you can jump in. I did provide guidance on fiscal 2020 as it related to gross margin. I said we expect another 200 basis point decline in our gross margin next year, about half of it was due to tariffs. The other half is due to input costs, partly agave related, which we've been talking about this morning. As it relates to the U. S. Business, you're right, you heard us talk about the incremental promotional activity. I think it's also important to understand what all we're doing in the U. S. As it relates to our spend level. So we are increasing our media spend. I referred to this in conversation more broadly and because it applies to so many markets, but in the U. S. Alone, we're increasing our media spend by over 30%. We have reduced our low reach activities with sponsorship fees and local events. We've also increased our working dollars. So we had a fair amount of what we call non working dollars, a couple of percentage points of our total growth and we reallocated them to more working dollars to the consumer facing activations. We got new creative, as we just referred to also. And so what we're saying about our spend is going to be much more meaningful and much more effective in the U. S. As we enter into fiscal 2020. We believe it is adequate, something we have been very firm about and have talked about many, many times. Our spending is not limited to the advertising line, in fact. Look at our SG and A line, it happens to be larger and we believe people build brands and that's something that is an intangible asset for us that creates value. And so that we have people on the street working for us building our brands that coupled with our advertising investment, there's packaging and cost of goods and then we refer to the incremental promotional activity. So we don't look at that alone. And in fact, if I added all those pieces together, meaning the incremental spend that I am spending behind advertising, the increase in promotional activity, the reallocation of non working dollars, we are at or above our net sales growth expense, they're about in line over the year over a 5 year window. So we've got it close right now. I mean, I do think we continue to as Jane said in her remarks, we've been holding tight on SG and A and trying to we've been reallocating these investments back towards brand expense. We came up a little bit lighter than sales this year. But as James said, we've been playing with the mix and reallocating amongst the mix and we feel comfortable that we've got an appropriate level out there right now. So to say 30% increases in media year over year is a big increase. I can't remember ever having an increase that big before. So you're going to see the Jack Daniel's trademark in front of consumers' eyeballs a whole lot more this year, this coming year than we did last year. And Judy, maybe just to tag on, we've been going after efficiency in SG and A for a few years now and we're really going after A and P hard this year. So those non working dollars are really a function of renegotiating and consolidating agency fees and reallocating to consumer facing. So what Jane was implying is that you're really getting a few extra points of A and P growth that's hidden through that reallocation. Got it. Okay. Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Robert O'Suezian with Evercore ISI. Great. Thank you very much. I'm wondering, Lawson, if you can kind of give us your assessment of your results in tequila. I mean you've got a fabulous brand, tremendous heritage, it's a great liquid. The market is doing very well. But some brands, I think Don Julio was up about 25%. When you benchmark your results versus a brand like that and I see them as fairly similar brands, Are you investing enough? Is there enough focus? Do you have supply issues? Or it's just not as a strategic imperative? I'm just trying to get a sense because it would strike me that this would be a time in which you'd really kind of put on the gas for tequila and really expand that business significantly? Well, I mean it's a tough time to really put down the gas on the business because of the rapid increases in agave costs. So I mean there isn't that much supply and that which is there is very expensive. And so we've been more about reallocating a little bit and I call allocating within Mexico itself and trying to find channels and brands that are going to deliver the highest margins. So there's a lot of that going on. I mean, el Jimador itself has gone from when we bought it, it was about 150,000 cases to 650,000 cases. So we've added almost 500,000 cases on the brand since we bought it. And Herradura continues to grow at a nice clip. You can highlight there are a few brands out there that are growing at stellar growth rates. And we're not there and we're trying to raise the bar and get there. But I still consider, I'll call it double digit sales growth on both of them in fiscal 'nineteen is pretty good achievements. So the business is certainly in a healthier position today than it was even 5 years ago. One thing we did just as a reminder, Robert, was that we put the Herradura brand, which is our high end brand in our emerging brands group in the U. S. And so it's got dedicated people focusing on that along with a handful of other brands. And we have seen an acceleration in that growth this year. So that's in the form of people feet on the street, making calls at bars, making sure that our distribution of the brand gets out much broader. We know we've got lots of opportunities from a distribution perspective and increasing awareness on the brand. So that is one thing that you're it's hitting. I guess if you're looking at the A and P and line, it's coming through the people and they're focused on it. And what about premiumization of the brand? I mean you do a fabulous job with Woodford and on the whiskey side. Do you see the opportunity to premiumize here at Dora maybe a little bit more and use that to deal with the agave shortage? Yes. I mean we are going to be Obviously, we're taking prices up as we said in Mexico aggressively and we'll see how the U. S. Market trends over the next few months and quarters. But I do as I said, I do expect it to continue to trend up. It's also the I mentioned the Cristalino Herradura Ultra. We're premiumizing within the mix that we have. That brand sells at a higher price point than the core SKUs within Herradura as an example, both in Mexico and the U. S. And it's growing very, very nicely. So you get a little bit of benefit there too. What about acquisitions on the tequila side? Would that make any sense? I think we've got a wonderful line of tequilas from the value price all the way up to the ultra premium, if you will, because of the brand that Lawson was just talking about, which is ultra. So we start off with Pepe, we've got El Hemador, we've got Antigua, we've got an Eridosthenics, we've got the ladder covered. Now do we have innovation going on? As Lawson said, we'll continue to innovate within it. We've got to bring consumers in with RTD, new mix, which is over nearly 7,000,000 cases now and growing. And so that we think we've got a pretty wholesome portfolio and of tequilas that can take advantage of the growth that's out there. Terrific. Thank you very much. You're welcome. The next question comes from the line of Tim Ramey with Pivotal Research. Good morning. Thanks so much. Jane, in the context of interest expense, you mentioned agave having an impact on that. I'm wondering if you're doing perhaps long term contracts, like grower contracts we would see in the U. S. For grapes. If that concept applies in Mexico or if that's one of the reasons why that particular factor would Yes. I don't I'm not sure I don't recall. I'm not sure I don't recall. I'm not sure I don't recall. I'm not sure Yes. I don't I'm not sure I don't recall. Okay. Let me just tell you what's impacted our interest expense this year. We took out new bond offerings at the end of last year. If you recall, I think that is what is impacting our interest expense more than anything. You're referring to working capital, but that's not what's driving it. That's the new debt that we incurred last year. Okay. And maybe I misheard you on the reference to agave there. Yes, I did. Yes, I don't think there's a connection between interest expense and agave. I was looking for that. Your next question is from Sean King with UBS. Hi, good morning. Is it a the question I have is, is it safe to assume that the underlying fiscal 'twenty sales 5% to 7% and operating income of 3% to 5% growth includes the 5 months of existing tariffs and you're comping the 7 months of fiscal 2019 tariffs. You were able to hold your fiscal 2019 guidance at the higher range to the back half of past year. Are like mitigation efforts getting more difficult or are there sort of other factors going forward? Yes. It's largely driven by the higher input cost pressures that you're seeing that you have cost more than anything that are depressing our gross margins next year more than they did this year. So that's what you're seeing. Understood. Thank you. A bit more investment behind the SG and A won't be as beneficial as it was this year either. Got it. But not as much. Next question comes from the line of Bill Chappell with SunTrust. Hey, thanks. Good morning. Hey, Bill. Just a question on Apple. I mean, you talked about both in the call that flavors are now as big as vodka, yet this will only be your 3rd launch and that's not even coming out until calendar 2020. And that you've also lost a lot of share to other brands by not having an Apple out there. So can you give us some more color on why it's taken so long? I mean, I think with Apple or Honey, there's it's a change in aging or anything like that. I think it's a pretty quick process. So I'm just trying to understand why is it taking so long? Why is it still taking so long to get Apple out? Will you change the pace of kind of getting more flavors out so you don't lose share? And then you alluded in your prepared remarks about opportunities in gin. If you don't mind touching on that, that would be great. Thank you. Well, yes. So on the flavor conversation, I mean, it's funny you say why haven't you gone faster. Internally, it's always a debate as to what the pacing ought to be on these things. But we are not we don't want to do is beyond that sort of the treadmill of introducing one flavor a year or whatever it might be. We believe that these things are really individual brands that the way we've done it has been the right way to do it. As I said, Honey continues to grow and Fire continues to grow. So there's I don't say there's not a need, but I mean there we haven't felt like we had to go out and do another flavor. It's just a matter of capturing what is now a pretty big business opportunity for us and one that we think can be big. And as we said, there's really no competitor outside of the United States in the apple flavor. So we feel pretty good and pretty confident that where that's going to go. As to the gin category, it's just it's a category we've been looking at for several years now. We continue to try to figure out how we're going to play that and news will be coming out at some point. We hope the news will be coming out at some point and how we may want to talk about it. But it's a category that continues to grow very nicely and we continue to be on the sidelines. So it's something our groups are looking at. And our final question for today will come This is Russ Miller on for Nick. Good morning, Russ. Good morning. Given the Q1 2020 underlying sales growth comp is especially tough relative to the balance of the year, Just wondering if you could provide any additional guidance on Q1? And as a follow-up, wondering if you could comment on on premise sales growth trends relative to the rest of the business and what your expectations are for on premise looking forward? Thank you. Yes, I'll talk about phasing a bit. I'm glad you brought that up. Just to remind everyone that last year's Q1 top line was particularly strong. That's because it benefited from the buy ins in Europe largely from the tariff, the tariff related buy ins. In the second quarter, it was a pretty soft quarter because there was so much giveback. So if you think about the first half of the year, I think that's probably a better way to look at last year's first half. So we're going to definitely have noise in the first half of this year going up against that tough comp top line at a global level. So I'd like to think about it as a first half, second half, if you will. So I think our first half sales growth will be in the range that we just talked about more in our underlying growth rate that we refer to today in the 6% range and our back half of the year will benefit from the contribution somewhat from Apple. And when I think about my bottom line, the first half will be a tough comparison because of the pressures really first half from tariff and input costs. You won't have the tariffs when we get to the second half. So you're going to see lower operating income growth, very low operating income growth because of that in the first half. Second half, you'll see that accelerate. So I hope that gives you a little bit of color there. Q1, could that growth in fact be as high as 6%? Q1, could that growth in fact be as high as 6% off the tough comp? Going up against the 9% growth, I don't expect that it will be. Okay. So strong last year's 1st September. Yes, the Q1. Yes. And lastly, any color on on premise that you could share? On premise business in the U. S. Remains fairly. Continues to grow, but it's a low single digit growth. So it's a little bit if you're just looking at Nielsen trends, for an example, overall market trends are going to be I think we said a point lower than that something like that. But it's growing. It's not in decline, but it's just not as fast as the offer was. Like it used to be years ago. Thank you very much. Thanks Russ. Thank you, Lawson and Jane. And thanks to all of you for joining us today for Brown Forman's year end earnings call. And please feel free to reach out to us if you have any additional questions. And have a great summer. This does conclude today's conference call. We thank you for your