Good day, welcome to the Cousins Properties Fourth Quarter 2020 Conference Call. All participants will be in a listen-only mode. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. Please note that this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Pamela Roper. Please go ahead.
Good morning, and welcome to Cousins Properties Fourth Quarter Earnings Conference Call. With me today are Colin Connolly, our President and Chief Executive Officer, Richard Hickson, our Executive Vice President of Operations, and Gregg Adzema, our Chief Financial Officer. The press release and supplemental package were distributed yesterday afternoon, as well as furnished on Form 8K. In the supplemental package, the company has reconciled all non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures in accordance with Reg G requirements. If you did not receive a copy, these documents are available through the quarterly disclosures and supplemental SEC information links on the investor relations page of our website, cousins.com.
Please be aware that certain matters discussed today may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal securities laws, and actual results may differ materially from these statements due to a variety of risks and uncertainties and other factors, including the risk factors set forth in our annual report on Form 10-K and our other SEC filings. In particular, there are significant risks and uncertainties related to the severity and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and the timing and strength of the recovery therefrom. The company does not undertake any duty to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. The full declaration regarding forward-looking statements is available in the supplemental package posted yesterday, and a detailed discussion of the potential risks is contained in our filings with the SEC. With that, I'll turn the call over to Colin Connolly.
Thank you, Pam. Good morning, everyone. 2020 was an extraordinary year. The COVID-19 pandemic arrived swiftly, and our lives changed almost overnight. As I said in May of last year, crises don't build character, they reveal character. At Cousins, we value our employees, our customers, and our communities. I have been so proud that our dedicated team has ably navigated the pandemic while consistently providing our customers with the same excellent service they expect from us every day. In addition, Cousins gave back to our communities as we committed $900,000 from our nonprofit foundation to support organizations focused on COVID-19 relief and important social justice causes. Before addressing our long-term outlook, I want to provide a few highlights of our solid fourth quarter results. On the operations front, the teams delivered $0.68 per share in FFO, with second-generation cash rents of 8.9%.
We leased 387,000 sq ft and collected 99% of total rent, including 99% from our office customers. In addition, we took advantage of economic uncertainty and made several investments in the South End of Charlotte, including our acquisition of The RailYard for $201 million and two fabulous land sites totaling 5.6 acres in aggregate. These significant investments in Charlotte will provide a solid foundation for growth in that dynamic city for years to come. Cousins was well prepared to weather challenging times with a simple, yet compelling strategy that enabled us to operate effectively throughout the year. Let me highlight the core principles of our strategy. First, to build the premier urban Sun Belt office portfolio. Second, to be disciplined about capital allocation and focus on new investments where our platform can add value. Third, and importantly, to have a best-in-class balance sheet.
Finally, to leverage our strong local operating platforms that take an entrepreneurial approach in our high-growth markets. We have made significant strides in progressing this strategy. Today, we have the leading trophy portfolio in the best Sun Belt submarkets of Atlanta, Austin, Charlotte, Dallas, Phoenix, and Tampa. Second, we have a terrific development pipeline of $449 million that is 77% pre-leased and attractive land sites where we can build an additional 5 million sq ft . Our balance sheet is strong, with net debt to EBITDA of 4.8 x, and G&A as a percentage of total assets at 0.3%, both among the best in the entire office sector. While the pandemic persists, we are starting to see early signs of hope with the promise that vaccines offer. As we approach the other side of the health crisis, our conviction around our Sun Belt trophy office strategy has only grown.
Let me share why. Our strategy has positioned Cousins at the intersection of two powerful trends driving the office sector: the migration to the Sun Belt, and a flight to trophy properties. While these trends were underway before COVID-19, they are likely to accelerate. For example, the top five migration states from 2019 through 2020 were Texas, Florida, Arizona, North Carolina, and Georgia, while the bottom five states were New York, Illinois, California, Michigan, and Pennsylvania. We've also seen announcements of relocations and large expansions, including Oracle, CBRE, and Amazon. In fact, 2020 was a record year for corporate relocations and expansions in Austin, with 39 companies that announced plans to add nearly 9,900 jobs in the greater Austin area. In Atlanta just yesterday, Microsoft confirmed it had purchased 90 acres in West Midtown with plans to build a major employment hub, which will include thousands of new office-using jobs.
We believe that we're only in the early stages of this geographic shift. I am confident we will see additional large relocation and expansion announcements later this year. We hope to directly benefit from some of these situations. Regardless, these moves will further validate the importance of the office to companies and the power of our Sun Belt footprint. To be clear, innovative companies aren't relocating from California to Texas, Georgia, and North Carolina to work from home. Looking forward to 2021, let me share some of our top priorities. First, we are focused on creating value in our existing portfolio, including making leasing progress in our larger blocks of space. Second, we will look for opportunities to upgrade the quality of our portfolio through strategic acquisitions with properties that reflect the office of the future.
An example of this is our recent acquisition of The RailYard in Charlotte. We will likely fund these with the sale of older vintage, higher CapEx properties. As I said last quarter, we will not always be able to time our buys and our sells concurrently, which could, on occasion, create short-term earnings fluctuations. Our creative deal-making is a differentiator and integral to driving long-term earnings and NAV growth. Third, we will continue to prioritize an appropriately sized land bank to meet customer demand for new experiential properties in the best locations. We will continue to identify new office and mixed-use development opportunities with an eye towards pre-leasing. We will also selectively consider development opportunities with speculative components in unique markets like The Domain in Austin, where fundamentals and in-migration are so strong. 2021 is a transition year for Cousins from an earnings perspective.
Our financial results will reflect several known move-outs from recent value-add acquisitions like 3350 Peachtree, 1200 Peachtree in Atlanta, as well as the Bank of America Plaza building in Charlotte, which is now known as One South at The Plaza. Clearly, the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns delayed our re-leasing efforts. However, with the vaccine rolling out, we are seeing restrictions ease and revived customer interest. We are eager to begin executing our business plans to reposition these exciting projects. Our strategy remains intact. The properties are in the right markets, and the trends are in our favor. As we look to 2022 and beyond, these value add investment opportunities are a terrific source of value creation. Combined with our existing and future development pipeline, Cousins is uniquely positioned to deliver long-term growth for our shareholders.
Importantly, we have the right balance sheet with low leverage and ample liquidity to capitalize on the opportunities. Before turning the call over to Richard, I want to thank our dedicated, talented, and flexible Cousins team, which has continued to work hard each day under the toughest circumstances over the past year. They always rise to the occasion, providing excellent service to our customers and applying their talents to make our company stronger. I am proud to be part of Cousins. Richard?
Thanks, Colin. Good morning. We reported solid fourth quarter operating results, delivering a constructive close to a year that presented every one of us with truly historic challenges to overcome. As I've done for the past couple of quarters, I will begin by updating you on general business conditions. First, an update on customer utilization within our 20 million sq ft operating portfolio. Utilization continues to track at an average of approximately 20% across the company, squarely in line with our reported levels last October. Given the widespread increase in COVID cases over the past couple of months, we view steady utilization through this period as encouraging. Like last quarter, we sense that utilization will not move materially higher until the second half of 2021 and should be highly dependent on vaccination efforts. Rent collections were consistent and strong again this quarter.
We collected 98.8% of rent from all customers and 99.2% of rent from office customers in the fourth quarter. Collections are running at comparable levels so far in 2021 as well. We also continue to have very few ongoing rent deferrals, which are at this point largely limited to our retail customers. In the fourth quarter, rent deferral agreements represented just 0.3% of annualized contractual rents and were only 1.5% of contractual rents for all of 2020. Now let's turn to operating results. Our total portfolio ended the fourth quarter at 90.8% leased with our same property portfolio at a solid 92.7% leased. Total portfolio weighted average occupancy held steady this quarter at 90.4%, and the same property portfolio moved up to 92.4%. As Colin already referenced, we expect 2021 to be a transitional year for Cousins, including occupancy.
While only 8.5% of our annual contractual rents expire in 2021, our operating portfolio includes value-add investments with known 2021 pending vacancy, such as 1200 Peachtree and 3350 Peachtree in Atlanta, and One South at The Plaza in Charlotte. The final 169,000 sq ft of Bank of America space at One South expired at the end of 2020, representing about 90 basis points of portfolio occupancy. We will see a lower weighted average occupancy beginning in the first quarter of 2021. I would also note that in late 2021, our occupancy will reflect the positive impact of some known commencements from new deliveries, most notably at The Domain in Austin. In short, occupancy will be lower in 2021 compared to 2020. As Colin said, we have a great opportunity to create long-term value as we lease up these blocks of space.
On top of that, we have only 8% or less of our annual contractual rents expiring in each year through 2024. As expected, the pandemic once again impacted quarterly leasing volume, with new activity slower. With that said, we saw an encouraging bounce in overall activity this quarter. In all, we executed over 387,000 sq ft of leases during the fourth quarter and over 1.4 million sq ft of leasing for the year. Notable leases in the fourth quarter included a renewal of NASCAR at NASCAR Plaza in Charlotte and a renewal and expansion of Amazon at Terminus in Atlanta. After quarter end, we also signed a new lease at our 100 Mill new development in Tempe. Our average lease term this quarter was a healthy 6.6 years, and it was seven years for the full year.
Our average lease term was fairly consistent between new and renewal activity and was not meaningfully different than our three-year pre-COVID run rate of 7.5 years. Lease concessions, defined as free rent and tenant improvements, were $4.15 per square foot per year this quarter, below our rolling eight-quarter average. Nonetheless, we continue to feel the most lease negotiating pressure around concessions. Rent growth within our portfolio has remained strong, especially for operating in a pandemic, with second-generation net rents increasing 8.9% on a cash basis for the quarter and 13.1% on a cash basis for the year. With solid rent growth and lower-than-normal concessions in this past quarter, our average net effective rents came in at $25.19 per square foot. We have printed higher net effective rents in only three other quarters since the beginning of 2018.
As we look ahead, despite continued headwinds in overall vacancy and sublease availability, there are hopeful signs in each of our markets that meaningful economic recovery is possible as the year progresses. Let me provide some examples. There has been a clear ramp in major Sun Belt job and office relocation announcements. Oracle's relocation to Austin, Microsoft's sizable new East Coast hub in Atlanta, and Pfizer's growth commitment in Tampa, to name just a few. Per CoStar, Uptown Charlotte and Tempe still have notably low Class A vacancy rates of 7.7% and 6.9% respectively. These would be great launching-off points emerging from a recession. Per JLL, there are currently over 5.4 million sq ft of tenant requirements in the market in Austin. 40% of these requirements are focused on the CBD and Northwest Domain.
Per JLL, employees in Dallas have returned to the office faster than the rest of the country at almost 40% in December. This compares to only 10%-15% in the coastal markets. Even more impressive, both Dallas and Austin are already back above pre-COVID-19 employment levels. Across the board, it is becoming clear that physical office space will remain important as we emerge from the pandemic. According to a recent PwC study, 70% of executives expect their real estate footprint to stay the same or grow over the next three years due to rising headcounts and social distancing. In one example of this sentiment, Google's Chief Financial Officer said during the company's most recent earnings call that when they look ahead, the company, quote, "Expects to return to a more normalized pace of ground-up construction and the fit-out of office facilities." It does not get any clearer than that.
Now some color on our leasing pipeline. While we had a pause during the fourth quarter with COVID-19 and seasonal headwinds, early-stage interests and inquiries have noticeably increased again since the beginning of the calendar year, signaling that companies now seem willing to begin the process of making longer-term real estate decisions. The most noticeable upticks in inquiries and activity have been in Austin, Midtown, and Buckhead of Atlanta, and Tampa. Economic development teams in every one of our markets are still signaling high optimism, noting that they are as busy as they have ever been. As I said last quarter, though, keep in mind that early-stage activity can often take multiple quarters to evolve. In summary, we enter a transitional 2021 with a sense of renewed optimism, albeit cautious, for what lies ahead.
Before handing off to Gregg, I want to say how proud I am of all of my Cousins teammates who have responded to this pandemic with amazing competence, resilience, and hard work. Thank you for all that you did to make 2020 a success. Gregg?
Thanks, Richard. Good morning, everyone. I'll begin my remarks by providing a brief overview of our quarterly financial results, including some detail on our same-property performance, our development pipeline, and our transaction activity, followed by a quick discussion of our balance sheet and dividend before closing my remarks with information on our outlook for 2021. Overall, fourth quarter numbers were solid and have held up relatively well since the onset of the pandemic. FFO was $0.68 per share for the quarter and $2.78 per share for all of 2020. Same-property cash NOI growth remained positive during 2020 at 0.7% and was up a very solid 4.5% when adjusting for COVID related rent deferrals and parking losses. Most impressive as all, as Richard said earlier, was that we increased cash rents on expiring leases by over 13% during 2020.
Focusing on our same-property performance, cash net operating income during the fourth quarter declined 3.3% compared to last year, driven by a 4% decline in revenues and a 5.2% decline in expenses. Adjusting for COVID-related rent deferrals and parking losses, same-property cash NOI actually increased 1.7% during the fourth quarter. Before moving past same-property performance, I wanted to take a moment to highlight the outstanding work done by our property management teams with controlling expenses during the pandemic. For all of 2020, same-property operating expenses were down 6% compared to 2019. Excluding property taxes, expenses were down almost 10%. These are terrific results during challenging times. Turning to our development efforts, one asset, Domain 12 in Austin, was moved off our development pipeline schedule during the fourth quarter as economic occupancy at that property exceeded 90%.
The remaining development pipeline represents a total Cousins investment of $450 million across 1.5 million sq ft in five assets. Our remaining funding commitment for this pipeline is approximately $125 million, which is more than covered by our existing liquidity and future retained earnings. On the transaction front, we closed three acquisitions during the fourth quarter. The purchase of The RailYard in Charlotte for $201 million, as well as the purchase of two land parcels in Charlotte for $47 million. In addition, we sold our interest in two small non-core land parcels that the company acquired over 15 years ago when the strategy was decidedly different than it is today, incurring a loss of approximately $750,000. One parcel was a residential tract in Texas, and the other was a golf course in Georgia. With the completion of these sales, only one non-core parcel remains in our land inventory.
A tract in north Atlanta, adjacent to a shopping center we developed and subsequently sold over eight years ago. Looking at the balance sheet, we entered this period of volatility with outstanding financial strength, among the very best of our office peers. Not only do we have low leverage, our liquidity position is strong, and our dividend remains well covered. The only near term debt maturity is a construction loan at our Carolina Square property in Chapel Hill. We've selected a lender and anticipate closing a new five-year floating rate loan on this asset in the next few weeks. Before discussing 2021 earnings guidance, I wanted to highlight an asset that we have moved to the held for sale classification as of year-end. As we have previously discussed, our Burnett Plaza property in Fort Worth is a non-core holding for us.
It was acquired as part of the larger TIER REIT transaction in mid-2019. We are actively pursuing a sale of this property, which will hopefully close during the first half of the year. However, the completion and timing of this sale remain uncertain. Per GAAP, we have marked the value of Burnett Plaza down to reflect its current market valuation. This impairment reflects approximately a 6% decline in value for the asset, which is not surprising considering the disruption to energy markets since we closed the TIER transaction a year and a half ago. Looking forward, we are providing initial 2021 FFO guidance of between $2.76 and $2.86 per share. No acquisitions, dispositions, or development starts are included in this guidance. If any transactions do take place, we will update our earnings guidance accordingly.
Please also note that our earnings guidance assumes physical occupancy will remain significantly below normalized levels until the second half of 2021. As a result, quarterly earnings are anticipated to gradually increase as the year progresses. Finally, don't forget that year-over-year comparisons on all performance metrics, including earnings, won't be perfectly clean during the first quarter of 2021. It'll be a bit of an apples and oranges comparison to 2020 during the first quarter as the impact of COVID-19 really didn't kick into our numbers until the second quarter of 2020. With that, let me turn the call back over to the Operator for your questions.
We will now begin the question-and-answer session. To ask a question, you may press star and then one on your touch-tone phone. If you are using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. If at any time your question has been addressed and you would like to withdraw your question, please press star and then two. At this time, we will pause momentarily to assemble our roster. The first question comes from Blaine Heck with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.
Great. Thanks. Good morning, guys. As you mentioned in your prepared remarks, you guys got some good news this week, with Microsoft's confirmation of plans to make Atlanta their East Coast hub. Maybe for Colin or Richard, can you just talk about that West Atlanta, Bankhead, and Quarry Yards sub-market, and whether you guys would consider making any investments in that area that might benefit from Microsoft's activity?
Well, first, let me just say good morning, Blaine. We were thrilled to see the announcement from Microsoft yesterday. We had some idea that that was in the works, and I think it's going to be terrific for the overall city, including the west side of Midtown. If you step back and really look at Microsoft's decision and what drove them to announce this large hub, I think it's a testament to the city as a whole. They certainly recognize the technology talent that is here in Atlanta, but they also recognize the diverse composition of the talent base in Atlanta. I think they want to align themselves with that and continue to grow their company here. I hope, and I think we'll see other companies follow suit. As that project unfolds out on the west side of town, we'll continue to watch that. There are some other projects underway as well, and we'll continue to monitor that and look for investment opportunities if we think it warrants.
All right, great. That's helpful color. Secondly, can you just discuss the interest in the Bank of America space in Charlotte? I think you guys have had a little over 200,000 sq ft of move-out thus far. That's not one of the markets that Richard pointed out where you're seeing an uptick in inquiries, but I guess, based on any interest that you have there, do you have any sense of how long we should expect a return to kind of stabilization to take? How many tenants do you envision taking that space?
Sure, I'd be happy to. This is Richard. I'd be happy to touch on that really quickly. I think you're right. I didn't call out Charlotte specifically as being one of the more noticeable upticks in inquiries and activity. That's not to say that there isn't good early-stage activity. I'd say that's actually been one of the most optimistic economic development areas. I think they're getting a lot of inbounds in Charlotte. We do have, I'd say, the pipeline right now for One South is a mix of smaller potential customers, whereas when you look at Atlanta, where we've seen really good activity recently in Buckhead and Midtown, it's more of a mix of full-floor to multi-floor users, so larger users. Again, Charlotte, we still feel really positive about the prospect of being able to create a lot of value at One South.
Depending on the pace of the economic recovery, vaccination efforts, and these new kind of tire-kicking efforts of inbounds into Charlotte and other in-town moves, the pace of that stabilization is anybody's guess, but we feel great about long-term rolling up rents there and creating a lot of value.
Blaine, I'd just add that as you look at Charlotte, in Uptown in particular, that the large banks really drive that market, and they've been, I'd say, more on the cautious side of reopening their offices, and I think that has perhaps impacted the pace of leasing activity kind of picking back up in Charlotte. As Richard mentioned, as we think about that market over the longer term, fast-forward a quarter or two, we have a lot of conviction in the market, and I think that's certainly highlighted by our acquisition of The RailYard and really one or two terrific sites in the south end of Charlotte that will accommodate, we think, some pretty interesting and attractive office and mixed-use projects. We're believers in the long term, for sure.
One other thing I'd just quickly reiterate. I mentioned it in my remarks, but Charlotte, and Uptown in particular, does still have a phenomenal sub 10% vacancy rate. The market overall, and Uptown in particular, are going to be very well positioned when things do pick up.
All right. That's helpful. Lastly from me, with all the news around Parsley Energy and their being acquired by Pioneer, and the associated layoffs, have you guys had any recent discussions with Parsley about their space needs and maybe interest in subletting any additional space?
Great question, Blaine. Again, we're thrilled that we've now delivered 300 Colorado. It's a fantastic project. Again, I think very reflective of the office of the future. Obviously, Parsley, who's been a long-time customer of ours and great friends of ours, were purchased by Pioneer, and that project has closed. They have put the entirety of their 300,000 sq ft on the sublease market. Again, as we touched in our prepared remarks, Austin is seeing a significant inbound activity that has got interest in the market as a whole. I think you're seeing some particular interest in the CBD and out in the Northwest. We're in a terrific situation. We've got a long-term lease with an investment-grade customer, but we'll continue to have dialogue with them.
If there are situations that it's a great outcome for Pioneer and a great outcome for Cousins, we'll absolutely consider those. I think we're already seeing some of those opportunities come our way.
Great. Thank you, guys.
The next question comes from Dave Rogers with Baird. Please go ahead.
Yeah. Good morning. Richard, maybe wanted to start with you. You've done a lot more leasing in terms of renewals in the quarter, as you mentioned. I guess, what are tenants' primary concerns as you sit down with them today to talk about? I mean, is it really safety? Is it just locking in good space? Are they worried about kind of the configurations, or is it really just kind of moving forward at a pace that's more normalized? The economics certainly don't reflect any amount of major concern, it doesn't seem like. Kind of, what do those conversations sound like?
That's a really good question. You're right, the economics, at least in our statistics, in 2020 and kind of looking at our pipeline, are not meaningfully different COVID to pre-COVID. In fact, in some ways, they've improved. I'd say that in our conversations with customers, it really runs the gamut. I mean, one, our volume is still lower, right, than pre-COVID. There's not nearly as much data to kind of dig into and try and spot trends. I think people are most concerned right now with configuration of space, with how they might change to the new normal, if you will. I think around that, it tends to be, again, this is a gross generalization, but it tends to be how do they potentially experiment with hoteling or hot desking? Is it even appropriate?
It depends from company to company and their culture and their view of collaboration and how that works. There's less of a focus, I would say, on implementing new technology around wellness and air quality. I think that's something on the front of mind and that will eventually come to fruition. There's not a lot of hard pressing and hand-wringing over that. At the end of the day, I think just like before COVID, every company is a little different with regard to their decision-making, how they view collaboration and culture, and what they do, frankly, as a business dictates more of how they think about their space than anything. That really hasn't changed, in my opinion.
No real change in kind of tenants seeking to maybe get options to opt out of space at a certain point in time? I mean, in terms of we'll pay the economics, but maybe we can get out early or anything like that?
Sure. Everybody certainly would like flexibility. If we were at a five, is it a 10? No. I mean, I think we've seen some more asks for flexibility, but it really hasn't been meaningfully different.
Yeah, Dave, I'd just add, when you look at the term on the leases that we've completed through COVID, it really has continued to average about six and a half years and pretty consistent with our overall run rate. Where I think we continue to see trends accelerating in our discussions with customers, it is really a flight to higher quality properties, better amenitized properties, more experiential properties, and we think we've got a lot of product that meets that demand. I think you're seeing many customers take a little bit of a wait and see approach in terms of major reconfigurations to their space to really hopefully get through the next couple of quarters, get their teams back in the office, and then position themselves to make any long-term changes.
That's helpful. I appreciate all that. Colin, maybe with you again. On the build to suit discussions, I mean, obviously, you'll continue to be opportunistic. I think you even mentioned select speculative opportunities. I guess, talk about what those discussions look like today, how they have evolved over the last three or four quarters in terms of build to suit or development-oriented discussions for customers.
Yeah. No, great question. I think we're now getting to the point in kind of the COVID experience where it's realistic to start having some of those conversations about actual transactions and opportunities. As I look back to much of last year, there are a lot of discussions, but it might be a discussion with somebody who's in California or Illinois, and they're unable to actually get on a plane and come down and get on the ground. It's hard to execute those type of transactions over Zoom. As we can now, hopefully, with a successful vaccine rollout, look to the other side. I think there are going to be opportunities to identify and hopefully execute on some build to suit opportunities.
I think what's interesting, as you look at a lot of these large corporate relocations, maybe out of the West Coast or the Midwest into the Sun Belt, we are seeing an increase in desire for large companies to control their own space. Where they can control the environment, they can control the security. Our hope is that that will lead to, again, more build-to-suit opportunities. We will, as I mentioned, look at and evaluate some opportunities that have some speculative component, but I think will be targeted and focused on particular markets and submarkets like The Domain.
Last, on the activity at 100 Mill, do you have any additional details on that? Richard, I think you mentioned in your script, but I didn't hear any details on that.
Sure. It was a smaller lease, 10,000 sq ft. I think the context there is a customer that was an existing customer of our portfolio at Hayden Ferry. We needed to accommodate and wanted to accommodate an expansion, actually, of Silicon Valley Bank there, and this customer was excited about the opportunity to move over to 100 Mill to accommodate that other expansion.
Okay, great. Thank you.
Thanks, Dave.
The next question comes from Michael Lewis with Truist Securities. Please go ahead.
Thank you. Gregg, you mentioned the Burnett Plaza property up for sale. Should we expect you to market anything else this year? I know you've got the one asset in Houston, you've got now just a couple or a few to the interest. I don't know if you'd be interested in either selling your stake in those or acquiring your partner's interest.
Hey, Michael. Thank you, and good morning. As you know, our balance sheet has been kind of running where we want it for an extended period of time. If we sell something, it won't be to fix the balance sheet, it'll be to fund at a more attractive investment opportunity. I think sales will depend upon our ability to identify those investment opportunities.
I see. Okay. That was something. My second question, New York urban obviously is not the same as Charlotte urban, but I thought it was interesting yesterday, Equity Residential talked about balancing its urban exposure with more suburban. Do you, coming out of the pandemic, feel a need or desire to do that at all? The other thing the apartment guys are doing is targeting Denver and South Florida a little more, I think. If apartments are going there, do you think those become more attractive potential office targets as well?
Both great questions, Michael. As it relates to urban versus suburban, I would wholeheartedly agree that there is a difference in suburban Charlotte and suburban New York. I'd say that the biggest kind of structural difference Well, I'd say the structural challenges of getting from suburban New York into Manhattan versus Charlotte suburbs into uptown Charlotte. There's kind of far fewer barriers to move between those urban and suburban submarkets. As we've looked at the market, and we've studied the data in our markets, and we just have not seen customers choosing to look to move outside of the urban core, where they are well-amenitized and experiential, and can attract the type of young talent that they want, to more commodity space in the suburbs. Really, the data backs it up.
CoStar put out a study not too long ago and looked at demand both in the urban markets and suburban markets nationally. There really was no difference in 2020 relative to kind of prior pandemic years. We're going to continue to focus on, again, the highest quality, most amenitized assets that really are going to attract the talent that growing and innovative companies want. As far as looking at other markets, we're always paying attention to kind of demand drivers and again, where growing companies are looking to locate. In many cases, they're following the talent. You are seeing a population move and talent move to places like South Florida and Denver. Those are clearly on our radar, and we'll continue to watch that play out.
There are other markets that fit that bill as well, including Nashville and opportunities to expand for us in places like Raleigh, Durham, or Dallas, where we've got a small presence today, but would hope to see that grow over time as well.
Thanks. I have just one more. Colin, you said something interesting about companies are not relocating to your markets to work from home. That's interesting because maybe, right? If everybody's going to work from home, maybe you move the headquarters from New York or San Francisco and let employees do whatever they want. It would still be a net positive, but maybe it doesn't settle the work-from-home debate. Does this new environment change the way we look at relocation activity? Should we be a little careful about that? Because it may be attractive to move your headquarters there, whether you want to work from home or not. What are your thoughts on that?
Yeah. Again, I would just look to the specific examples of kind of what's happening. Again, if you look at Oracle moving their corporate headquarters to Austin, right? They purchased hundreds of acres of land, just outside of downtown, on the way to the airport, to build a campus. Again, I would point to the most recent announcement yesterday from Microsoft to build a large regional hub. That came with a purchase of 90 acres of land. I think their intent is to put that into production and build offices along with things like affordable housing and retail and other enhancements to the community. I think their actions are demonstrating that they're committed to creating an environment to bring their teams and their people together.
Our sense, as you look at some of the office debate over the past year, what you're hearing and what you're seeing are many employees and companies who are frustrated by the cost of living in certain markets, which is leading to very challenging commutes in and out of the office. I think what companies have recognized over the last year is that there are clearly benefits to having their team together, building their culture, collaborating, and mentoring in person. Perhaps the lesson of COVID is you don't have to be singularly focused in one market like San Francisco or Seattle or New York. Perhaps you can distribute that workforce across other markets in the country that offer a lot of the same amenities and quality of life, but perhaps come with shorter commutes and lower cost of living.
Makes sense. Thank you.
As a reminder, if you have a question, please press star and then one to be joined into the queue. The next question comes from Jamie Feldman with Bank of America. Please go ahead.
Great. Thanks, and good morning. Gregg, I was hoping to start with you on the guidance. Can you maybe give a little bit more color in terms of how you thought about the assumptions for the year? Can you maybe walk us through the occupancy by quarter and what you're assuming for some of the large lease-ups of the large vacancies that you guys have, and whether there's any impact on 2021?
Hey, Jamie. Good morning. Appreciate the question. That level of granularity around occupancy behind our guidance is something we didn't provide pre-COVID-19, and with the uncertainty that COVID-19's introduced, we're not comfortable providing today. As the year progresses, we anticipate giving more details behind our guidance. We thought it was important right now to absolutely step up to the plate and provide a baseline for you. I think that's what we've done with the guidance that we've provided.
Jamie, as it relates to the blocks of space that we have, again, we hope to make great progress leasing some of that space this year. If you kind of work backwards, the Norfolk Southern space doesn't expire until the end of the year. Then as you look at the Anthem space at 3350, we actually don't get that back until June of this year. Realistically, by the time you're able to lease that space, kind of build it out with tenant improvements, and fit it out, I wouldn't see either of those being an impact in 2021. We obviously have some of the Bank of America space now back. Our hope is we can make some progress in that particular building over the course of the year.
As I mentioned earlier, though, Charlotte has been slightly slower in its resumption of activity than perhaps Atlanta and Austin, Tampa, and Dallas have. We hope to make some progress. I think hopefully that would be reflected in our numbers in Charlotte.
Okay. Maybe if I can ask it another way. When you thought about guidance, what are the biggest variables that really could swing numbers in either direction more generally? In terms of the Fort Worth sale, is that included in your guidance?
Jamie, it's Gregg again. Clearly, the biggest lever in 2021 to our guidance would be the pace of the recovery from the COVID-19. There's light at the end of the tunnel, no doubt about it, but I think there's a lot of question marks around how we get from here to there. That's going to be the biggest lever in terms of our earnings guidance and whether it goes up or down from here. In terms of the Burnett Plaza sale, that is not included in our guidance. No transactions are included in our guidance, and they're not included because they're not certain at this time. Again, we're in the midst of a COVID-19. Typically, we don't identify sales until they actually happen for this exact reason.
There's nothing unique about Burnett, other than the fact that we're still in the midst of COVID, which enters a new level of uncertainty. It's not in our numbers. If we follow through and if we're able to sell it in the first half of the year like we hope we will, we'll adjust our guidance accordingly at that point.
Okay. I know you've said you would maybe find acquisitions if you get some sales and vice versa. I assume it would be dilutive to numbers, or do you think there's any way you can normalize that or neutralize that?
I'll jump in, then Colin. It all depends on what we do with the proceeds, right? As Colin said, we're out there aggressively looking for acquisition opportunities, and we think we're going to find some, hopefully. Don't know that we do have any at this point, but we hope we will. When you look at specific dilution from a specific disposition, it all revolves around what you do with the proceeds.
Yeah. Jamie, as I said in my prepared remarks, obviously we can't always perfectly time the sells and the buys. That could create some short-term fluctuations in earnings. We are, over time, very focused on continuing to upgrade the quality of the portfolio into kind of newer vintage buildings of the future that do carry a lower CapEx profile. I think we've proven ourselves to be creative operators and investors to find those opportunities and make those investments. As we look at the market today, we're hopeful, just as we did in December with The RailYard, we're hopeful to continue to identify opportunities to deploy capital into acquisitions and potentially some development opportunities as well.
I think if we're successful doing that, put the quarter to quarter aside, I think we feel very enthusiastic about our ability to drive kind of earnings growth and NAV growth over the long term.
Okay. Last from me, Colin, you used the term office of the future, experiential, several times on this call, including that last answer. What is the office of the future in your mind? It looks like The RailYard you just bought is more low-rise, high amenities. You've got land nearby, which means it's a little more campus-y feeling or neighborhood feeling. Most your portfolio is kind of infill towers. Do you see a shift here? When you use the term office of the future, what exactly does that mean?
Yeah, no, I wouldn't characterize our portfolio as a bunch of towers. I think our average square footage is about 350,000 sq ft. I think as you look across our portfolio and kind of the office of the future, this isn't a trend to us that's just emerged over the past year. We think this is a trend that's been going on for quite some time, and that's why we've positioned the company the way we have. We feel like we're aware the puck is heading, and that is product like The RailYard or what we're doing at The Domain, 300 Colorado, 100 Mill. We think the portfolio is very well positioned for that. I think that building of the future, it is more experiential. It has more amenities.
It's got more areas, whether it's at the ground plane or outdoor plazas, rooftop space, fitness, wellness, amenities. Opportunities, candidly, where our customers, employees have places to get outside of their specific floor and be together and collaborate and create an environment where they can both kind of work and play. I think we see more of that coming, and we've been hard at work for years to position ourself at the intersection of that trend, along with this migration that continues to accelerate.
Okay. Sorry, and just one more. What do you think the mark-to-market looks like for your 2021 expiration?
Well, Jamie, again, our crystal ball in the midst of a pandemic is perhaps not as clear as it is in a normalized environment. We've always felt like the portfolio was 8%-10% below market. Certainly quarter to quarter, what we deliver is entirely incumbent upon what the particular mix of leasing is in any quarter. As Richard alluded to earlier, we've been successful holding our face rents. We certainly, we've seen some pressure on our concessions, but we've seen face rents hold up. At 8%-10%, kind of pre-pandemic, even if there is some erosion in rental rate, we think we've got some attractive margin there, where we're cautiously optimistic that we can continue to deliver positive mark-to-markets.
Okay. Thank you.
Thank you, Jamie.
This concludes our question and answer session. I would now like to turn the conference back over to Colin Connolly for any closing remarks.
I want to thank you all for joining us this morning and your continued interest in Cousins Properties. I want to once again thank all of my teammates on the phone for your continued hard work and support of the company and flexibility, and we'll look forward to seeing many of you investors at some of the upcoming investor conferences over the next month. Thank you all, and have a great weekend. Stay safe.
The conference is now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.