Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for attending today's Q4 2022 The Hartford Financial Results webcast. My name is Alex. I'll be the moderator for today's call. If you'd like to ask a question at the end of the presentation, you can press star one on your telephone keypad. If you'd like to withdraw your question, you may press star two. I would now like to pass the conference over to your host, Susan Spivak, with The Hartford Group. Susan, please go ahead.
Good morning. Thank you for joining us today for our call and webcast on Q4 2022 Earnings. Yesterday, we reported results and posted all of the earnings- related materials on our website. For the call, our participants today are Chris Swift, Chairman and CEO of The Hartford, Beth Costello, Chief Financial Officer, Jonathan Bennett, Group Benefits, Stephanie Bush, Small Commercial and Personal Lines, and Mo Tooker, Middle and Large Commercial and Global Specialty. Just a few comments to cover before Chris begins. Today's call includes forward-looking statements as defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are not guarantees of future performance, and actual results could be materially different. We do not assume any obligation to update information or forward-looking statements provided on this call.
Investors should also consider the risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ from these statements. A detailed description of those risks and uncertainties can be found in our SEC filings. Our commentary today includes non-GAAP financial measures. Explanations and reconciliations of these measures to the comparable GAAP measure are included in our SEC filings, as well as in the news release and financial supplement. Please note that no portion of this Conference Call may be reproduced or rebroadcast in any form without The Hartford's prior written consent. Replays of this webcast and an official transcript will be available on The Hartford's website for one year. I'll now turn the call over to Chris.
Morning, thank you for joining us today. Today, I will start with a summary of our Q4 and full- year 2022 results and accomplishments. I will turn the call over to Beth to dive deeper into our financial performance and key metrics, after which I will close our prepared remarks with a review of expectations for 2023. We will be joined by our business leaders as we move into Q&A. Let's get started. The Hartford is pleased to report an excellent Q4 , capping an outstanding year of financial performance and progress against our strategic objectives. Quarter after quarter, we are delivering strong financial results, demonstrating the power of the franchise and the depth of our distribution relationships.
Our commitment to superior customer experience, the benefits of significant investments made over the last few years and superb execution by our 19,000 employees drive our success. These competitive advantages helped us deliver exceptional results in 2022, including core earnings growth of 14% with core EPS growth of 23%, top- line growth in commercial lines of 11% with an underlying combined ratio of 88.3. Group Benefits fully insured premium growth of 6% with a core earnings margin of 6.5%. Strong investment results with excellent limited partnership returns and increasing fixed income portfolio yields and core earnings ROE of 14.4% while returning $2.1 billion of excess capital to shareholders. Looking forward, with strong momentum across all lines, I am confident we can continue to deliver superior results.
Let me share a few highlights from each of our businesses. In commercial lines, written premium growth for the year was driven by strong exposure growth, pricing increases, higher policy retention and continued strong new business. Underlying margins improved by nearly 1 point driven by earned pricing, exceeding loss cost trends across most lines in growing expense leverage, driven in large part by our Hartford NEXT program. Across commercial lines, our brand, depth of distribution and enhanced underwriting capabilities, combined with excellent customer experience, have positioned us well to capture market share while maintaining or improving already strong margins. Small commercial results continue to be exceptional, consistently producing sub 90 underlying combined ratios with industry-leading products and digital capabilities, all of which drove record-breaking written premium and new business levels in 2022. Going forward, small commercial will remain a growth engine for The Hartford.
For example, beyond our traditional product lines, we will continue to expand our addressable market with capabilities in the excess and surplus binding lines. This portion of the E&S business is in about a $8 billion market serving small business owners, property and liability exposures. With current written premiums exceeding $100 million. The evolving innovative capabilities within our broker quoting platform, we expect to become a leading destination for E&S binding opportunities and a strong complement to our existing admitted retail offering. In middle and large commercial, our team has done a tremendous job improving underlying margins by approximately 7 points since 2019, with a written premium compounded growth rate of 6% over the same period. In 2022, written premiums grew 10% for the year with improved policy retention and solid new business.
Advancements in data science capabilities, industry-leading pricing segmentation analytics, and exceptional talent have delivered healthy margins, which I believe positions us well to continue driving profitable growth in this business. In Global Specialty, I'm extremely pleased with the team's accomplishments since the strategic acquisition in 2019. Their tireless efforts have enabled us to meaningfully increase the size and scale of our specialty business to $3.6 billion of gross written premium, including over $800 million of E&S premium. We are leveraging the Global Specialty franchise to further grow and expand our capabilities across Commercial Line in this $82 billion E&S market.
Global Specialty results in 2022 were outstanding with an underlying margin of 84.6, improving over 4 points from prior year and over 11 points from 2019, demonstrating our execution tenacity, enhanced underwriting tools, and the expertise of the team. Our competitive position, breadth of products, and solid renewal written pricing drove a 9% increase in gross written premium for the year, including 41% in our global reinsurance business, 19% in Ocean Marine, and 27% in international casualty. Turning to pricing, Commercial Lines renewal written price increases for the quarter were 4.9%, flat compared to Q3 . Underneath, U.S. standard Commercial Lines renewal written pricing, excluding workers' compensation, accelerated from Q3 to 7.9%, up 1 point, primarily driven by auto and property lines.
Workers' compensation pricing remained positive, benefiting from average wage growth. Within Global Specialty, excluding public company D&O, renewal written pricing remained stable in the mid-single digits and in aggregate in line with loss cost trends. Wholesale property, auto, primary casualty all saw higher pricing increases over Q3 , as did U.S. and international marine. Additionally, the public D&O market continues to be competitive with rate pressures, which requires new business discipline and a focus on retaining profitable current accounts. Moving to Personal Lines, pricing has accelerated across auto and home, resulting in written premium growth of 4% for Q4 and 2% for the full year. Like others in the industry, auto underlying combined ratios remain elevated as we continue to experience inflationary pressure. We have been actively responding with rate filings throughout the year.
In Q4 , filed auto rates averaged 8.3% increase, up 3.4 points from Q3 . In homeowners, we have kept pace with loss cost trends through net rate and insured value increases reflected in renewal written pricing of 10.7% for the year and 13.3% for Q4 . Turning to Group Benefits, the core earnings margin of 8.3% for the quarter and 6.5% for the full year represent significant increases from last year as excess mortality has materially declined. Meanwhile, long-term disability trends are stable and within our expectations for incident rates and recoveries. Fully insured sales for 2022 were $801 million, up 5%, and employer group persistency was approximately 92%, a strong result for the year.
Q1 is off to an excellent start with persistency modestly higher and outstanding new sales results. We expect the Group Benefits marketplace to remain dynamic as digital transformation, product innovation, and customer demands accelerate. As a result, we are making significant investments today and have a clear roadmap for the future that I am confident will only strengthen our market leadership position going forward. Now, I will turn the call over to Beth to provide more detailed commentary on the quarter.
Thank you, Chris. Core earnings for the quarter were $746 million or $2.31 per diluted share with a 12-month core earnings ROE of 14.4%. In commercial lines, core earnings were $562 million. Written premium was up 9%, reflecting written pricing increases and exposure growth, along with an 18% increase in new business in Small Commercial and 6% in Middle Market. Policy count retention also increased in Small and Middle Market. The underlying combined ratio of 87.4 improved from the prior year Q4 , with both a lower loss ratio and expense ratio. Small Commercial continues to deliver superior operating results with an underlying combined ratio of 87.5, and Middle and Large Commercial delivered a solid 90.2.
Global Specialty underlying margin improved 5.8 points from a year ago to an outstanding 83 as it benefited from strong earned pricing increases. In personal lines, core earnings for the quarter were $42 million. The underlying combined ratio was 96.2, reflecting continued auto liability and physical damage severity pressure driven by elevated repair costs as well as increased bodily injury trends and includes 2 points of losses related to prior quarters in 2022. Written premium grew 4% for the quarter, largely reflecting pricing increases in both auto and home. In home, overall loss results were in line with our expectations. Non-cat weather frequency continues to run favorable to long-term averages, and together with the effect of earned pricing increases, mitigates material and labor costs, which remain at historically high levels.
The expense ratio decrease of 3.5 points was primarily driven by lower marketing spend. Current accident year Cat losses in the quarter were $135 million, which includes the benefit of a $68 million reduction in estimates from Catastrophes that occurred during the first three quarters of 2022, including $31 million related to Hurricane Ian. Winter Storm Elliott losses were $167 million net of reinsurance, of which $150 million was in commercial lines. Total net favorable prior accident year development within core earnings was $46 million, primarily related to reserve reductions in workers' compensation, Catastrophes, and bonds, partially offset by reserve increases in general liability and commercial auto.
We completed our annual asbestos and environmental reserve study in Q4 , resulting in a $229 million increase in reserves comprised of $162 million for asbestos and $67 million for environmental. All of the $229 million was ceded to the adverse development cover, leaving $256 million of limit remaining. The increase in asbestos reserves was primarily due to an increase in the cost of resolving asbestos filings and a modest increase in the company's share of loss on a few specific individual accounts. The increase in environmental reserves was mainly due to an increase in the estimates for PFAS exposures, one large account settlement, and higher estimated site remediation costs. Before turning to Group Benefits, I would like to review the January 1 reinsurance renewal.
Overall, we are very pleased with the placements and terms and conditions for our program against the backdrop of a challenging renewal season. Our per occurrence and aggregate property Catastrophe protections were renewed at an approximate 20% increase in cost and 28% on a risk-adjusted basis, which based on publicly available information, compared favorably with overall market increases and speaks to the quality of our book of business and favorable experience. Overall, the structure of our property cat program did not change significantly. We increased the attachment point on the $200 million aggregate cover to $750 million, up from $700 million. There were also some changes in the treaty that provides coverage for certain loss events under $350 million. We have summarized these changes in the slide deck.
In addition to our property Catastrophe program, we also successfully renewed several other reinsurance treaties, which also experienced rate increases with limited changes in terms and conditions. The rates we charge insureds already have been incorporating these higher costs, therefore, we do not expect any significant adverse combined ratio impact from these renewals. Turning to Group Benefits, core earnings in Q4 of $141 million and the 8.3% core earnings margin reflect a lower level of excess mortality losses and growth in fully insured premiums. The disability loss ratio improved 6.1 points from the prior year quarter, which had elevated estimated long-term disability incidence trends. In addition, COVID-19- related short-term disability losses were lower this quarter. All-cause excess mortality was $43 million before tax compared to $161 million in the prior year Q4 .
The group life loss ratio, excluding excess mortality, increased 4.7 points, primarily due to higher accidental death losses as compared to very favorable experience in Q4 of 2021. Turning to Hartford Funds, core earnings were $39 million, reflecting lower daily average AUM, primarily due to equity market declines and higher interest rates over the past 12 months. Lastly, investment results were strong in the quarter with net investment income of $640 million. Our fixed- income portfolio is continuing to benefit from the higher interest rate environment. The total annualized portfolio yield, excluding limited partnerships, was 3.7% before tax, a 40 basis point increase Q3 .
We anticipate our portfolio yield, excluding limited partnership returns, will increase by approximately 50-60 basis points in 2023 compared to the full year 2022 before tax yield of 3.2%. Our partnership returns of 16.8% in Q4 and 14.4% for the full year 2022 were exceptional. Performance was primarily driven by income from opportunistic sales within our commercial real estate JV equity portfolio, which generated annualized returns of 31% in Q4 . Our private equity holdings were also resilient, delivering a 7% annualized return in the quarter. For the full year, real estate generated a 22% return and private equity generated a 14% return. As we enter 2023, we expect continued volatility in markets.
Given outlooks for a slowdown in consumer consumption, corporate investment, and M&A activity, we expect our private equity returns to be below our long-term target. At the same time, the increase in financing costs and the reduced availability of real estate financing is expected to impact sales activity in our real estate JV equity. With this backdrop, we expect a 4%-6% return for partnership and other alternative investments in 2023. Turning to capital, as of December 31st, holding company resources totaled $1 billion. For 2023, we expect dividends from the operating companies of $1.5 billion from PNC, $400 million from Group Benefits, and $125 million from Hartford Funds. During the quarter, we repurchased 4.9 million shares for $350 million.
As of the end of the year, we have $2.75 billion remaining on our share repurchase authorization through December 31, 2024. To wrap up, our businesses performed strongly in 2022, and we are well positioned to continue to deliver on our targeted returns and enhance value for all our stakeholders. I will now turn it back to Chris.
Thank you, Beth. Let's pivot forward, where I'd like to share a few thoughts about 2023. Underpinning the outlook is our commitment to disciplined underwriting and expanding or maintaining margins while prudently growing our book of business. In 2023, we are expecting a commercial lines underlying combined ratio in the range of 87%-89%. Total renewal written price increases in commercial lines, excluding workers' compensation, are expected to be fairly stable compared with 2022. Meaningful increases in standard commercial property, auto, and general liability pricing are somewhat offset with competitive pricing headwinds in parts of our financial lines business. In our global reinsurance book, we expect meaningful written price increases, including over 30% for U.S. and European property coverage.
Commercial loss cost trends are expected to remain fairly stable, with some moderation in property severity as inflation is expected to ease during the second half of the year. Before I get into specific trends for our market-leading workers' compensation business, let me remind you of its current margin strength and stellar contribution to our overall commercial line results. Looking back over the last 25 years, our loss ratio results have outperformed the industry on average by approximately 5 points, reflecting our significant competitive advantages in pricing sophistication, underwriting analytics, and claim management. In addition, our scale and wealth of data allow us to anticipate, identify, and quickly react to emerging trends as we manage retention and growth in this line.
Over the past 10 years, our standard the commercial lines workers' compensation book has produced combined ratios averaging near 90, while our premier small commercial book has performed even better with an average combined ratio in the mid-80s. Also impressive is the 6-point underlying loss ratio improvement since 2019 in the middle market, accomplished by equipping our underwriters with advanced risk segmentation tools. We expect workers' compensation to remain a highly profitable business and an important earnings contributor for The Hartford. Turning to a few specifics in our forecast, workers' compensation renewal written pricing, which is comprised of net rate and average wage growth, is projected to be flat to slightly negative. Loss costs are expected to be up slightly as long-term frequency and severity selections remain unchanged from 2022.
We will continue to use our market-leading tools and underwriting expertise in risk selection and book management to minimize any margin compression. In 2023, we expect workers' compensation returns to remain attractive with deterioration equating to roughly a half a point on the commercial lines underlying combined ratio. In summary, for the commercial lines, we are extremely confident in our ability to manage our book through a variety of economic and market environments. An underlying combined ratio within a range of 87-89 will be an outstanding result and reflects our ability to execute consistently and deliver superior margins. Turning to personal lines, we expect a 2023 underlying combined ratio in the range of 93-95. In auto, renewal written price is expected to accelerate into the mid-teens by Q2 and remain there for the balance of the year.
By mid-year, we expect new business to be price adequate. Loss cost trends, primarily driven by severity, are expected to remain elevated during the first half of the year before returning to more normal levels in the second half. In homeowners, we expect earned pricing to generally keep pace with loss cost trends throughout 2023. As we navigate this inflationary period across personal lines, we are focused on balancing rate adequacy, quality of new business, and marketing productivity. Overall, I am confident we have the right execution plans to return this business to targeted profitability in 2024. In Group Benefits, we expect the 2023 core earnings margin to be between 6% and 7%, consistent with our long-term margin outlook for this business. With COVID shifting from pandemic to endemic state, excess mortality losses are expected to improve versus 2022.
We expect mortality trends will settle above pre-pandemic levels, and we are pricing business accordingly. All in, group life loss ratios are expected to improve versus 2022. In group disability, we expect some moderation of recent favorable incidents and recovery trends. Before closing, I'd like to share a few recent ESG achievements. This year, The Hartford will be honored as one of two global Catalyst Award winners for advances we have made in diversity, equity, and inclusion. The Catalyst Award is the premier recognition of organizational DE&I efforts driving representation and inclusion for women. The Hartford was also named to the Bloomberg Gender-Equality Index and to America's Most JUST Companies list for 2023, having earned both honors every year since their inception.
The recognition we continue to receive is a testament to our long-standing commitment to sustainability and the dedication and hard work of our teams. In closing, let me summarize why I'm so bullish about the future for our shareholders. 1. Our 2022 financial results demonstrate the effectiveness of our strategy and the benefits of continued investments in our businesses, resulting in strong growth in margins in the commercial line, Group Benefits operating at targeted returns, and a personal lines business tracking back to target margins. 2. We have the capability to sustain superior returns as a result of our performance-driven culture, outstanding underwriting and pricing execution, exceptional talent, and innovative customer-centric technology. 3. Investment income is increasing, supported by a diversified portfolio of assets, and credit quality remains healthy. Finally, we are proactively managing our excess capital to be accretive for shareholders.
All these factors contribute to my excitement and confidence about the future of The Hartford. Our franchise has never been better positioned to deliver industry-leading financial performance with a core earnings ROE range of 14%-15% while creating value for all our stakeholders. Let me now turn the call over to Susan for Q&A.
Thank you. Operator, we have about 30 minutes for questions. Could you please repeat the instructions for asking a question?
Thank you. As a reminder, if you'd like to ask a question, you can press star one on your telephone keypad. If you'd like to withdraw your question, you may press star two. Please ensure you're unmuted locally when asking your question. Our first question for today comes from Brian Meredith from UBS. Brian, your line is now open. Please go ahead.
Thanks. Good morning. A couple of questions here. First one, just curious. If I look at Hartford Next, it looks like you got about another $65 million to recognize on expense saves coming through in 2023. Gets it about a half a point on the expense ratio. Are there some offsets we should think about in 2023 that'll maybe make it so we don't see that half a point?
Thanks for the question. Thanks for joining. You are right. I mean, the Hartford NEXT program is contributing to our overall, you know, efficiency and effectiveness, and it does have about a half a point benefit as we head into 2023. The second part of your question is, do you see any challenges to executing on that as we sit here today? No. I mean, I think that's a good assumption if I understood your question correctly.
Yeah, yeah. Exactly. That's it. I mean, the half a point should be beneficial. Okay, good. Then, Chris, I'm just curious, obviously a really strong property market right now from a pricing perspective. It sounds like you took advantage of some of the property pricing in the reinsurance marketplace. I'm just curious, could you maybe talk a little bit about your capabilities, capacity, willingness to kind of lean into the property markets right now and see some good growth in that business and, perhaps, you know, margin accretive, you know, for your 2022 results?
I think, Brian, you picked up on, you know, one of our key strategic initiatives over really the last five years to be a bigger property writer. Maybe it's not known by you sort of firsthand, but we have about $3 billion of property premium, including homeowners premium of about $1 billion. It is an area of focus. It's an area of growth for us. We do operate on the small end with about a product in the middle, in the large, and we also have developed an E&S property capability. As I mentioned in my prepared remarks, we have some assumed reinsurance property exposures around the world.
It is a on a primary basis, an area we're leaning into, that will ultimately help continue to diversify our book of business so that we're a more balanced organization going forward. Yes, it is a focus of ours going forward.
Great. Thanks. If I could just squeeze one more in. Group Benefits, are you seeing any impact yet from just some of the layoffs that we're seeing at large corporations?
I would, I would share with you and ask Jonathan Bennett to comment. Generally, no. I mean, we have a book of business that range from obviously large global, you know, organizations, you know, to, you know, small and, you know, middle-sized organizations. You know, the trends in our book are fairly stable. Jonathan, what would you add?
I definitely agree with what you've said, Chris. I'd point out in Q4 , we had growth on earned premium and fees of about a little over 8%, so strong Q4 . As you pointed out in your comments, we're off to a great start in January with good new sales and strong persistency. We're on the watch. We are aware of all the announcements is happening as well. Where we sit today, we're in pretty good shape and looking forward to 2023.
Great. Thank you.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Mike Ward of Citi. Mike, your line is now open. Please go ahead.
Thanks, guys. good morning. I had a question on workers' comp. I'm just curious what you're assuming around underlying losses and, how big might you say the headwind is to the year-over-year, underlying combined ratio.
Yeah, thank you for the question, you know, Michael. You know, I alluded to some of this in my, you know, prepared remarks, so I will try to connect the dots, maybe a little bit better. You know, as we define, you know, sort of renewal pricing combination of, you know, pure net rate and then exposure growth, you know, with additional workers, I mean, that's likely to be flat at best to a slightly negative. If you know, overlay sort of our consistent long-term medical cost inflation of 5 points and, you know, a frequency assumption that is generally consistent with our longer- term trends, I mean, that will have a negative, you know, impact on our combined ratio.
I sized it about a half a point in relation to our overall, you know, commercial lines, you know, combined ratio. I think the other hand, though, you got to connect the dots as again, as I said in my prepared remarks. We are getting, you know, good net rate in auto, property, you know, particularly, and the expense efficiencies, you know, that more than offsets, you know, that half a point of decline. Really at the point, if I really measure it more precisely, you know, we see, you know, a half a point of commercial lines improvement year-over-year.
Okay, great. And thank you. Maybe on the cat loss guidance, curious, how are you able to keep it relatively similar to last year? Just thinking about inflation and modestly higher retentions under reinsurance treaties.
Yeah, I would again, good question. I think the gist of it is what Beth said in her prepared remarks. Our reinsurance treaties have not changed, you know, dramatically, from a risk side. We're very pleased with the overall renewal. You know, that's consistent sort of with our modeling and expectation, particularly given the, you know, exposures that we enjoy today. Would you add any other color, Beth?
Yeah. The only other thing I would add, I mean, it is up just, you know, you know, a tenth of a point, if you look at what our guidance was last year. As a reminder, we've been taking rate in the property book, so that obviously is there to mitigate some of the cost pressures that you referred to. Then again, as Chris commented on our structure of our Catastrophe program, you know, not changed significantly.
Thanks, guys.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Greg Peters of Raymond James. Greg, your line is now open. Please go ahead.
Great. For the first question, I would like to focus on the retention stats that you put in your supplement, both for commercial and personal lines. You know, in listening to the comments of others, it seems like the trends of retention might be moving up in commercial and down in personal. Yet when I look at your numbers, it looks pretty stable. Can you talk to us both in commercial and personal about what you're seeing on policy retention and how that factors into your outlook for next year or this year, I should say?
Sure, Greg. And then I might ask Stephanie and Mo to add their color in their respective, you know, businesses. You know, I would say at, you know, at the outset, it's sort of been our priority to really, you know, take care of our, our book of business, principally because we've worked so hard to improve it, so hard to acquire the right, you know, new customers. I mean, you see the, you know, margins and the returns that we're generating. The number one priority we have going into, you know, the year is, you know, taking care of customers, trying to do everything you can to prevent a piece of business going out to bid and, you know, creating a shopping opportunity. That's, you know, good to re-retain.
It's obviously not so good when you're looking to see if there's new business opportunities. Generally, it's the most profitable strategy to just take care of your existing customers with the necessary rate increases that keeps pace with loss cost trends. Stephanie, what would you say in small and personal lines?
Sure, good morning. In small commercial, what I would share is that it is very strong and stable, which I really believe is a testament to our entire business model. I've shared these comments before in other forums. You know, everything that we do across the entire business model really lives into three key principles, being easy to do business with, being accurate when we provide that pricing and that overall experience, and then being consistent, particularly when you come, you know, from a renewal perspective. We have been consistently, particularly in the, in the BOP and the auto lines, been taking rate, measured rate, over an extended period of time. We continue to build confidence with our agents and our small business owners.
I would expect that you would still continue to see healthy and strong retention in small commercial. When I go over to the Personal Lines space, and I'll start with auto, you know, as we all know, the market is there's a bit of disruption going on. As you can see in our results, we've been very stable. We have been taking rate for, you know, 12 quarters straight, and we'll continue to take rate. It gives us confidence in terms of our overall offering. You know, we're continuing to step up the rate changes that Chris and Beth referenced in their prepared comments. Overall, I would expect Personal Lines to be somewhat stable, potentially a very modest decline in auto this year in 2023, but overall stable.
Mo, what would you add?
Yeah, I'd echo many of Stephanie's small commercial teams. I think we feel really good about both the middle and large commercial and the Global Specialty books in terms of the quality of what we have. As such, the retention will play an important role in our strategies. We are watching closely, as Chris has talked about, we're watching closely the workers' comp and the public D&O. We feel really good about the quality of those books. There's a little bit more pressure there. I think retention and rate is a little bit more tactical there. Again, we feel great about the quality of both books, and we'll protect them.
Thanks for that detail. Just as a follow-up, I know you addressed it in your opening comments, and Stephanie just mentioned it again. You know, I'm looking at your guidance for Personal Lines for 2023 of 100.5% to 102.5%. Then I'm looking at what happened in auto, particularly in the combined ratio, really spiking up in Q4 . I know there's rate coming. Is it your sense that we're sort of beginning to approach sort of like the peak or trough profitability for auto, you know, in the next couple quarters, or, you know, do you expect it to remain at these elevated levels as we see in Q4 ?
Yeah. What I would say, Greg, is that, at least the first half of the year, I think you're gonna see an elevation, maybe a modest decline from where we are today. Remember, we have about Stephanie, 5 points of seasonality in sort of the auto results, you know, this quarter. If you even look at the full year auto results of 101, 102, yeah, it's got some improvement to do. We're focused on it. I think that improvement will accelerate in the second half of the year, to the point where, you know, we could actually see margin improvement during Q4 .
You know, we're gonna have to execute hard on rate plans. Work with all our government relations and regulator friends to, you know, to get those approved, which we know how to do. There's a magnitude, a volume of activity that does need to happen.
Right. Makes sense. Thanks for the answers.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Elyse Greenspan from Wells Fargo. Elyse, your line is now open.
Thanks. Good morning. You know, appreciate all the color on the call. My first question, Chris, you know, it sounds like you upped the ROE guidance, right, 14%-15%. It had previously been 13%-14%. When going through the pieces of everything, it sounds like that's more a reflection, right, of just improved investment income and on the fixed income portfolio. Am I missing something in making those observations?
Yeah. Thanks for joining us, Elyse. I would say you're right. you know, the NII is a big component, particularly coming off just, you know, the interest rate moves in our fixed income portfolio. as Beth also said, you know, we do expect lower alternative, you know, returns, you know, this year. I do think that there is, you know, underlying, you know, margin improvement in our commercial, you know, book of business that maybe is, you know, underappreciated. I would explain that, you know, the guidance that we set, you know, I think is prudent, is thoughtful, is reactive of the conditions that we have. we have a high degree of confidence of achieving, particularly at the midpoint.
From there then, you know, we play to outperform. I think, we've got a good track record of outperforming over time, and that's the mission, you know, next year. The guidance says what it is, and it does imply really when I really measure it on a refined basis, about 50 basis points of improvement. I don't think we're going to be done from there. All that, you know, goes into our views of what our overall, you know, ROEs will be next year, including our buyback and, you know, programs.
Thanks. Then my second question, you guys are, you know, the dividends to the hold co are going to be higher this coming year. You know, Group did go up and, you know, I know you guys have kind of targeted a balanced level of capital return, but given the extra dividends to the hold co, could we expect, you know, capital return to, you know, pick up in 2023 via share repurchase?
Yeah. Elyse, yes, you're right. The dividends from Group Benefits are increasing. I would characterize that as sort of kind of getting back to normal. The last couple of years they've been lower because obviously the statutory results have been impacted by the higher mortality losses. We're kind of getting to more of our normal run rate, which we had contemplated when we evaluated the size of the update that we did to our share repurchase authorization. I would call the increases just totally in line, and we're going to continue to execute on the plan that we have.
Thank you.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Jimmy Bhullar of JP Morgan. Jimmy, your line is now open. Please go ahead.
Thanks. Good morning. Had a question on workers' comp, following up on some of Chris's comments earlier. Obviously margins have been pretty good, and it seems like you're expecting that to continue through 2023. Is it reasonable to assume that, there's going to be a lot of pushback from regulators in allowing price hikes over even if you look beyond this year until margins get a lot worse from where they are? Or do you think that at some point over the next 1 to 2 years, that the market could begin to show signs of, an uptick in pricing?
Yeah. Thank you for joining us today, Jimmy. Again, as I said in my opening remarks, I mean, you know, the trends there are some modest, you know, level of deterioration in our combined, you know, ratios. You know, principally, you know, due to the pricing environment, you know, set by various, you know, regulators and the experience that the industry has had. I think you're really asking is, you know, when do you see a turn? That's a hard, you know, question to, you know, ask. I think the components of a turn in pricing are starting to emerge, particularly as we get through the pandemic period, you know, where frequencies were just down, you know, due to less economic activity, less work in general.
You know, those usually the look-back period is three years on rate filings. If you think of experience in 2019, 2020, 2021, that starts to leave your rate filings in 2024. I'm optimistic, you know, that there can be some at least reversal of negative price trends coming out of NCCI or other, you know, rating bureaus to allow maybe modest, you know, price increases sometime in 2024 heading into 2025.
Okay. On personal lines, obviously the loss ratio picked up, but the expense ratio declined considerably this quarter. Should we assume a similar expense ratio given lower marketing until the loss ratio begins to improve? What are your thoughts on that over the next year?
Well, let me just start, and then I'll ask Stephanie to add her planning. You know, again, this year we really cut back on marketing, particularly in Q4 to make sure that, you know, we had opportunities to add new customers that were really, you know, could be profitable with us as we earn that in. And we just really, you know, sort of slowed down, you know, marketing and at this point in time. As we head into 2023 though, as I said, I think we become rate adequate by the middle of the year and gives us an opportunity to think about marketing, you know, slightly differently. Stephanie, what would you say from a strategy side and then, you know, really an expense perspective?
I think you captured it well, Chris. A couple other points I'd either underscore or add is that, yes, our marketing and media change was intentional in the late Q3 into Q4 . We moved really more to more targeted and very productive marketing sources. I wanna, you know, confirm that we were still marketing. It's a very dynamic process, marketing source by marketing source. As Chris mentioned, we believe that we will be new business rate adequate by mid-year in the majority of the states, and you should expect to see our media spend continue to build throughout the year. Finally, you know, with that new business rate adequacy, I would expect that we'd begin to start to see new business PIF count growth in the back half of the year. Think about how all of those components work together.
Jimmy, just to tie it all together, I would expect on a year-over-year basis, expenses to be relatively flat.
Okay. Thank you.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Andrew Kligman of Credit Suisse. Andrew, your line is now open. Please go ahead.
Great. Good morning. Looking at slide 16 of your presentation, I see that, you know, the annualized investment yield ex LPs has really picked up nicely just Q over Q from 3.3% to 3.7%. You know, we're seeing a little bit of pressure now on rates, but can you talk about where you see that annualized investment yield ex LPs going over the next few quarters and any insight you could provide there?
Yeah. I'll start with that. As I said in my, you know, prepared remarks, when you look at that number and you think about for the full year, we're on an annualized basis of 3.2, you know, expecting that 50-60 basis point increase. When you look at Q4 , you know, just a couple things I think to highlight on that is that included in the yield ex partnerships is not just fixed maturities, it's also some other items as well. Think about dividends on equity securities and things like that can sometimes be a little bit lumpy.
When I think about where we're ending the quarter at 3.7% and sort of going into Q1, probably not expecting to see a big increase quarter-over-quarter kind of on a run rate basis. That kind of, you know, continues as we go through 2023. If you really look just at the fixed maturity yield, you know, we're definitely seeing some increases there, and we'd expect to see that as we go through 2023 on that line. You can see the details in our investor financial supplement of fixed maturities versus some of these other asset classes like equity securities and mortgage loans. We see it as a nice trajectory. We obviously had a, you know, nice lift this quarter.
Our average purchases that we did, the yield was around 6%, which was a bit elevated. I wouldn't expect that to be the norm as we kind of go into Q1. It was a little bit elevated just because we ended the quarter, ended Q3 , with some excess cash 'cause we had divested of some treasury securities and pretty opportunistically invested at pretty high points from a yield perspective, which drove that up. I'd expect, like, looking at January, that 6% is probably more like 5.10%.
Got it. Very helpful.
Does that help?
Yeah, very helpful. Chris, I'm trying to get my arms around this workers' comp issue and when it's gonna temper. I know you've already gotten two questions on it. Maybe you could give us a sense of how you mentioned renewal written premium, slight negatives. What was the rate component for that? Was that a pretty heavy negative? Was that, you know, 4 points down, 6 points down? With the stellar ratios that Hartford... I get that Hartford is probably best in class, period, in workers' comp.
The second part of that question is with ratios, you know, that have been around 90%, small and mid even better than that, you know, will the regulators, you know, allow you to raise rates, you know, or will they penalize you for being best in class? I'm just trying to get my arms around that. Two questions, the rate and then again, maybe a little more color on that outlook for getting rate in the future.
Well, again, thanks for the question. Andrew, I would say it's always better to be best in class at anything, you know that.
Agreed. Agreed.
I'm gonna disappoint you and say that, you know, look, there's a lot of detail we provided. There's a lot of metrics, you know, that you could triangulate on to just focus on a sub-line, you know, with really nuanced details from an operating side. All I said is I really do think, you know, the rate, the net rate and the rate then that we would get from increasing exposure, so the exposure that acts like rate is gonna be negative next year, slightly negative. That's all I'll say.
Okay. Maybe I'll just throw a quick one in. I was hoping. I wasn't expecting a detailed answer, but, you know, fully insured Group Benefits sales up 52%. Maybe a little color on the products that were quite strong in the quarter?
Yeah. I'll let Jonathan add his color.
Sure. Yeah. In terms of our sales, good numbers in there, yes. You know, sometimes late in the year, you get opportunistically a sale or two. A lot of our business trades in the Q1 . You know, some other big numbers will happen oftentimes at the beginning of the third or maybe Q4 . Some nice numbers for us in the quarter. Strong disability results for us, I would say primarily, and we continue to see really good response to our voluntary, our supplemental health product set. Those would include critical illness, hospital indemnity and accident. That book has been building for us steadily now for a number of years, and had our highest sales numbers in 2022 since inception of those programs.
I think those are the ones that are really driving it, disability and sub health. We continue to compete effectively on the life side, but, definitely, a stronger mix, on the disability and sub- healthy side.
Okay, thanks a lot.
Thank you, Andrew.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Meyer Shields of KBW. Meyer, your line is now open.
Great, thanks. Good morning, all. Broadly speaking, can you talk about your appetite for allocating more investments to LPs and alternatives over the next few years, given the higher interest rate environment?
Sure. Meyer, I had a hard time hearing your question. I don't know if Beth you heard the question. Were you asking about the investment philosophy of alternatives or dollar amounts?
Really just the plans. I was thinking about it on a percentage basis, whether there's more or less appetite for current cash flows to go to alternatives in LPs.
Yeah. I would say, you know, generally, you know, we have our, a targeted portfolio, you know, that we, you know, update every year. I would say, you know, generally, you know, we, had a slight increase to our targeted, alternatives. You know, think of 1%. Not a, not a meaningful, you know, change, but, you know, it's something we have really deep skills in. I think if you look at our performance over a longer period of time, Meyer, you'll see that I think we've outperformed consistently with just lower volatility. From a pure sharp ratio side, it's, I think it's a great trade, and, you know, we got great partners in that area, particularly in the real estate area, Beth, w hat would you add?
I think you captured it well. I mean, it is an asset class that we've been, you know, slowly increasing allocation to, as Chris said, continue to look to do that, but, you know, really not in a meaningful change in the overall construct of our portfolio. As you said, it's an asset class that we've been very pleased with.
Okay, that's helpful. Obviously, this is, you know, overwhelmed by positive news, but we've had a few quarters of adverse development for commercial auto liability and something. Can you talk us through that?
We have experienced some large losses that have come through in that book that, you know, as we've closed the last several quarters, we've decided to increase our reserves there. It is a line also that we're looking very closely at from a rate perspective and continuing to re-underwrite and look at the risks that we're putting on. Nothing specific that I'd point to, but we have had just a few large losses that we've reacted to, you know, as we made our quarter-end judgments on reserves.
Okay, perfect. Thank you very much.
Thank you. Our next question comes from David Motemaden from Evercore. David, your line is now open.
Hi. Thanks. Good morning. Just had a question on the workers' comp loss costs. Chris, I think you said that you expect loss costs to be slightly up, but that includes 5% medical cost severity. Could you just talk about what you're assuming on frequency? Are you assuming negative frequency there? And maybe how we should think about that in the current environment, and then maybe just talk about on the indemnity side as well.
Thank you for joining us, David. I will just be clarifying. The trends that I talked about on the loss cost side were relatively flat and stable year-over-year. Medical severity at 5%. I didn't give you a frequency number, and I'm not. Those trends are fairly consistent. What changed though is sort of net rate and exposure. You know, that excess rate, you know, that is gonna be down slightly, you know, year-over-year, into a slight negative, you know, territory. On the wage indemnity side, it's sort of a self-balancing equation from my perspective. You know, we charge more, we collect more, as salaries go up, and it's sort of a natural hedge, you know, for increasing the indemnity payments that we get to collect upfront.
There's a little bit of a medical severity benefit 'cause only 50% of lost content in workers' comp is wage. That's what I would share with you.
Yeah. The only thing maybe I'll just to clarify, you know, one item as Chris said. When he talks about trend, right, when we think about the trend, relative to loss, we're not making a change year-over-year. Again, as you said, you know, medical severity with 5 points, some of the other items that he referenced wouldn't result in a negative trend. From a pure loss cost perspective, you'd expect some increase. You know, all the other components that Chris talked about then also affect the overall results.
Got it. Okay. That's helpful. Just on, I guess, Chris, you had said, you know, you expect, you know, 50 basis points underlying combined ratio improvement in commercial lines and you gave a lot of detail. Just it sounds to me like you expect most of that to come from the expense ratio as opposed to the loss ratio, just given the headwind from workers' comp, obviously offset by expansion on other lines. Is that the right interpretation?
No. Yeah, you misinterpreted. I would say half and half. A point of combined ratio improvement in commercial lines year-over-year, half a point from expense, half a point from margin. Again, as I said, highly confident we're gonna achieve, and we're gonna play for upside from there as we execute during the year.
Hello?
David, sorry. I was on unmute. I was gonna say no. I think you've misinterpreted. A half a point of expense ratio improvement and a half a point of loss ratio improvement, and feel highly confident on that. Half a point of I'll call it loss ratio improvement. You know, we're gonna play for upside from there. Again, highly confident of achieving sort of those midpoints and we're gonna aim to overachieve during the year.
Got it. A half a point on the underlying loss ratio. I guess that would imply, I guess, you're assuming 1.5, 2 points of expansion on everything excluding comp, I guess. If I just do a weighting, 33% of your book is comp and then, you know, the balance, I would expect you to get 1.5 points of improvement. Is that the right way to think about it?
Yeah. I don't... Maybe we're having a tough time communicating. I think the overall expense ratio, improvement is gonna be driven by, you know, again, expense and then pure, you know, pure loss ratio, you know, improvement, you know, over the years. In total, David, I'm expecting a half a point of combined ratio improvement in commercial lines year-over-year. we start with-
Got it. Thank you.
a negative half a point because of comp. That means you got to get a point elsewhere. That point elsewhere, as I said to you, half of it comes from expense and half of it comes from pure loss. We feel highly confident on achieving that. We're gonna play for upside, meaning my language of communicating to you is, I think we're gonna outperform that point estimate I just gave you. Is that clear?
That is clear. I appreciate your comments.
Thank you. We'll take no further questions for today, so I'll hand back to Susan Spivak for any further remarks.
Thank you, Alex. I apologize to those we didn't get to your questions. We are here all day, and we'll reach out and follow up with you. Thank you all for joining us.
Thank you for joining today's call. You may now disconnect your line.