Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to Honeywell's fourth quarter earnings release and 2022 outlook call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode, and the floor will be open for your questions following the presentation. If you would like to ask a question at that time, please click on the Raise Hand icon at the bottom of your screen. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. I would now like to introduce your host for today's conference, Sean Meakim, Vice President of Investor Relations. Sean, please go ahead.
Thank you, Ari. Good morning, and welcome to Honeywell's fourth quarter of 2021 earnings and 2022 outlook conference call. On the call with me today are Chairman and CEO, Darius Adamczyk, and Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Greg Lewis. Also joining us are Senior Vice President and General Counsel, Anne Madden, and Senior Vice President and Chief Supply Chain Officer, Torsten Pilz. This call and webcast, including any non-GAAP reconciliations, are available on our website at www.honeywell.com/investor. Honeywell also uses our website as a means of disclosing information which may be of interest or material to our investors and for complying with disclosures under regulatory obligations under Regulation FD. Accordingly, investors should monitor our investor relations website in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings, public conference calls, webcasts, and social media.
Note that elements of this presentation contain forward-looking statements that are based on our best view of the world and of our businesses as we see them today. Those elements can change based on many factors, including changing economic and business conditions, and we ask you that you interpret them in that light. We identify the principal risks and uncertainties that may affect our performance in our annual report on Form 10-K and other SEC filings. This morning, we'll review our financial results for the fourth quarter and full year 2021, discuss our 2022 outlook, and share our guidance for the first quarter of 2022 and full year 2022. As always, we'll leave time for your questions at the end. With that, I'll turn the call over to Chairman and CEO, Darius Adamczyk.
Thank you, Sean, and good morning, everyone. Let's begin on slide two. We delivered a strong fourth quarter despite a challenging backdrop that included an accelerated inflationary environment, ongoing supply chain constraints, and persistent COVID-19 variants. I'm pleased for our disciplined execution as we navigate these challenges and capitalize on the ongoing recovery in our end markets. We delivered on our fourth quarter commitments for sales, segment margin, and adjusted earnings per share despite these headwinds. The fourth quarter adjusted earnings per share of $2.09, up 1% year-over-year and just above the midpoint of our guidance. Organic sales were down 2% year-over-year. That was heavily impacted by the COVID mask declines and fewer days in the fiscal quarter, which Greg will touch on later.
Our focus on differentiated solutions drove double-digit fourth quarter organic sales growth in the commercial aerospace aftermarket, productivity solutions and services, advanced sensing technologies, and recurring connected software businesses. Segment margin expands 30 basis points year-over-year, led by strong pricing actions that we took again this quarter to address the headwinds we face from inflationary pressures and supply chain disruptions. These swift pricing actions allow us to stay ahead of the inflation curve, driving a 5% increase year-over-year on top line and yielding approximately 50 basis points of margin expansion net of inflation. We generated $2.6 billion of free cash flow in the quarter, 4% above the fourth Q 2020, achieving a 178% adjusted conversion. In terms of capital deployment, we put $2.1 billion of cash to work in the fourth quarter.
Looking at the entire year, orders across Honeywell grew double digits organically and backlog increased 7% to $27.7 billion, were driven by strength in many of our segments as we enter 2022. We finished 2021 with 4% organic sales growth, 60 basis points of margin expansion, and $8.06 of adjusted earnings per share, up 14% year-over-year. We generated $5.7 billion of free cash flow in the year, resulting in adjusted conversion of 102% or 17% of revenue, a very strong result. Our earnings per share and our free cash flow performance was above our initial guidance range shared at the start of 2021, demonstrating our ability to deliver on our commitments despite unforeseen challenges and shifting economic conditions.
In the appendix of this presentation is a slide highlighting our guidance progression throughout 2021, as well as our performance against these guides. On our capital deployment strategy, we have maintained a balanced approach over the past several years, consistently deploying more than 100% of operating cash flow to fund share repurchases, dividends, M&A, and capital expenditures. This past year was no exception. In fact, 2021 marks the highest level of capital deployment in the last six years. Despite the challenges we faced in 2021, we deployed $8.5 billion of capital, demonstrating our commitment to investing in high return opportunities in any environment. We invested $1.6 billion in M&A, adding strategic assets to our portfolio that enhance our technology offerings, innovation, and ultimately, our long-term growth potential.
Specifically, we completed four transactions, including Sparta Systems, Fiplex, Performix, and the $270 million we contributed to Quantinuum combination, which I'll talk about more in a moment. We spent $900 million on capital expenditures to continue to build technologies that make our world safer, more efficient, and more sustainable. We deployed $3.4 billion to repurchase shares, reducing our weighted average share count by 1.5%. Finally, we maintain a strong dividend policy, paying out $2.6 billion and raising our dividend again for the 12th time in 11 years. Looking forward, I continue to be encouraged by the strength we are seeing in many areas of our portfolio as we continue to execute on our rigorous improving value creation framework, underpinned by our Accelerator operating system that drives outstanding shareholder value.
Next, let's turn to slide three to discuss some exciting wins in our sustainable technology solutions business. We continue to make substantial gains for our sustainability business. In the fourth quarter, we announced the commercialization of our UpCycle Process Technology, a revolutionary new process that expands the types of plastics that can be recycled. This process can produce feedstocks used to make recycled plastics with a much lower carbon footprint and has the potential to increase the amount of global plastic waste that can be recycled to 90%. In addition, just last week, we announced our intent to form a joint venture, Avangard Innovative, America's largest plastics recycler, to build an advanced recycling plant in Texas.
The facility will use our UpCycle Process Technology and is expected to have the capacity to transform 30,000 metric tons of mixed waste plastics into Honeywell recycled polymer feedstocks per year. We also recently announced that we've entered into an agreement with FREYR Battery with the intent to provide smart energy storage solutions to address the needs of a wide range of commercial and industrial customers alike. FREYR will leverage Honeywell's leading technology offerings, including integrated automation, field instrumentation, and security integration solutions for manufacturing processes. In turn, Honeywell will purchase 38 GWh of battery cells produced by FREYR from multiple energy storage system applications. Battery energy storage systems technology development is vital to the continued decarbonization of global power systems, as it will enable the transition to renewable energy sources.
In the fourth quarter, we announced an agreement with the University of Texas at Austin that will enable the lower cost capture of carbon dioxide emissions from power plants and heavy industry. We have committed to achieve carbon neutrality in our own operations and facilities by 2035. We are committed to helping our customers reduce their carbon footprint as well. We'll leverage UT Austin's proprietary advanced solvent technology to help power steel, cement, and other industrial plants lower their emissions and meet their sustainability goals. Finally, we saw tremendous traction in our green fuels business, which uses UOP's Ecofining technology to produce high-quality drop-in fuels from sustainable sources. Over the last few months, we recorded six important wins, including two large multinational companies. In addition, Diamond Green Diesel is using Ecofining technology to produce renewable diesel.
They plan on having the capacity to produce over 1 billion gallons per year by the second half of 2023. These are just four select examples from our vast portfolio of sustainable offerings. We will continue to innovate, demonstrating that Honeywell will be a key player in the oncoming energy transition. Now, let's turn to the next slide, take a look at some of the big commercial developments and how we are aggressively investing in growth. If you've been following our press releases over the past quarters, including the examples highlighted on the previous slide, you're well aware of the successes we are having with new innovations and partnerships. We have many growth opportunities across the portfolio, be it new products, businesses, or entirely new markets. These areas present high return opportunities to deploy our CapEx and OpEx spend to create value for the future.
To highlight a few examples, in 2022, we are increasing CapEx investment to expand our Solstice production capacity, commercialize our advanced plastics recycling technology, and build additional generations of both commercial and development quantum computers. To fund key investment priorities in 2022, we plan to spend $1.1 billion-$1.2 billion in CapEx, up $200 million versus 2021, up 25% versus the prior three years. Our 2022 research and development priorities will be continued innovation in sustainable technologies, developing our next generation flight deck, and investment in new engine development, to name a few. R&D for 2022 will be up approximately $200 million, or 15% year-over-year, and up 10% versus the prior three years. Our internal spending on capital projects and R&D has consistently been the highest return deployment of our capital.
We'll continue to make these investments to drive our future growth. Honeywell Digital, one of the three main transformation initiatives, has fundamentally changed the way we work and resulted in $1 billion of cumulative sales, productivity, and working capital benefits since 2018. We'll continue to invest in our digitization efforts to drive efficiencies and produce valuable data-driven insights. While this may be a modest drag on our cash generation in 2022, these investments are crucial to accelerating our growth and drive transformation across our portfolio. Let's turn to slide five, take a closer look at Quantinuum, which is one of the major breakthrough initiatives for Honeywell.
In the fourth quarter, we completed our previously announced business combination of Honeywell Quantum Solutions and Cambridge Quantum to form a new company, Quantinuum. As mentioned in our investor communications throughout 2021, this combination marries the leading quantum computing hardware, the leading quantum computing software to form the largest and most advanced integrated standalone quantum computing company in the world. Quantinuum technology will help solve some of the world's most pressing challenges, including breakthroughs in drug discovery and delivery, material science and industrial optimization to just name a few. Quantinuum cybersecurity offering launched in December. Quantum Origin is the world's first commercial product built upon quantum computers that delivers outcomes that classical computers could not achieve. This revolutionary new product will be crucial to companies and governments who need to ensure protection of sensitive information against adversaries and criminals.
With the introduction of Quantum Origin, which is already serving Fortune 500 customers today, we expect Quantinuum to reach approximately $2 billion of sales by 2026, one year earlier than the estimate we provided in our leadership webcast back in November. Upon the completion of the combination, Honeywell invested $270 million into Quantinuum, and Honeywell currently owns a majority stake. We expect a slight margin headwind of 30 basis points to Honeywell in 2022 due to increased R&D spend associated with Quantinuum, as shown on the previous slide. Overall, we expect Quantinuum to be a $150 million headwind to EBITDA. However, this R&D investment will yield great returns as we accelerate the commercialization of this revolutionary technology. The appendix of this presentation contains a slide explaining the 2022 financial impact to Honeywell in more detail.
We believe this unique opportunity for investors to gain exposure to an early-stage growth technology company at an industrial multiple. Quantinuum is the best-positioned company to lead quantum computing and has all the building blocks to be the front runner in what is projected to be a trillion-dollar industry. Now I will turn the call over to Greg to discuss our fourth quarter results and 2022 outlook in more detail.
Thank you, Darius, and good morning, everyone. Let's turn to slide six. As Darius highlighted, we delivered on our financial commitments despite a very difficult operating environment. Fourth quarter sales declined 2% organically as supply chain constraints continued in the quarter, predominantly in Aerospace, HBT, and SPS. The quarter also had difficult year-over-year comps with lower COVID-related mask demand impacting growth by 2 percentage points and six fewer days than fiscal 4Q 2020, which is worth approximately 3 percentage points. Turning to the segments, Aerospace fourth quarter sales were down 3% organically compared to the fourth quarter of 2020 as we continued to manage through the supply chain constraints we're facing. Continued flight hour improvement led to over 20% year-over-year growth in air transport aftermarket sales and over 10% growth in business and general aviation aftermarket sales.
Business and General Aviation original equipment sales also grew double digits in the quarter. Defense and Space was down 18% year-over-year in the fourth quarter, with softness in U.S. defense partially offset by international defense, which grew sequentially and year-over-year. Segment margins expanded 140 basis points to 29% as a result of value capture, improved business mix with higher aftermarket sales and productivity partially offset by higher cost of materials. Building Technologies sales declined 1% organically year-over-year due to continuing supply chain constraints across the business, partially offset by pricing, though orders were up 4% in the quarter. Backlog and building solutions was up double digits year-over-year, with growth in both projects and services, positioning HBT for strong performance in 2022.
Our Healthy Buildings portfolio finished the year strong with over $200 million of orders in the quarter, bringing the total orders for 2021 to well over $400 million. Segment margins in HBT continued to be strong at 21.1% in the quarter, but was down 30 basis points year-over-year, driven by lower volume leverage and cost inflation, mostly offset by favorable pricing. In Performance Materials and Technologies, sales were up 2% organically, led by 7% growth in UOP and 5% growth in Advanced Materials. UOP sales growth was driven by higher petrochemical catalysts and gas processing shipments while Advanced Materials benefited from continued double-digit sales growth in life sciences and protective and industrial solutions. Process Solutions sales were down 3% organically, with slower recovery in projects and supply availability constraining smart energy production.
However, orders growth across the HPS portfolio, including double-digit orders growth in the projects businesses, provides confidence in the longer-term outlook for the business. Orders in UOP were up 25% year-over-year, including triple-digit in sustainable technology solutions, another signal for strong 2022 growth. PMT segment margins expanded 430 basis points to 23% in the fourth quarter, driven by favorable pricing and productivity, net of inflation. Turning to Safety and Productivity Solutions, where sales were down 6% organically, mainly due to a 12-point impact from COVID-related masks. Intelligrated was flat year-over-year and down sequentially as expected as the level of delivery and installation came down from its 2Q peak. Productivity Solutions and Services continues to be a star in the portfolio, along with the sensing business, both of which had double-digit sales growth in the quarter.
SPS backlog remains above $4 billion as declines in the mask business were mostly offset by triple-digit growth in advanced sensing and technologies and over 90% growth in productivity solutions and services, giving us confidence in the future growth. SPS segment margins contracted 450 basis points to 10.8%, driven by lower volume leverage and inefficiencies caused by ongoing supply chain challenges in Intelligrated, which we highlighted in our previous earnings call, and I'll touch on again in a moment. For overall Honeywell, we delivered 30 basis points of segment margin improvement, with margin expansion in PMT and Aerospace, ending the quarter with segment margins of 21.4%, a 20 basis point sequential improvement versus the third quarter. We drove targeted pricing again in the quarter across the portfolio to combat the accelerated impacts of inflation.
On EPS, we delivered fourth quarter GAAP earnings per share of $2.05, and adjusted earnings per share of $2.09, which was up $0.02 Year-over-year. A bridge for our adjusted earnings per share from 4Q 2020 to 4Q 2021 can be found in the appendix of this presentation. Segment profit was a $0.03 Headwind, driven primarily by lower volume due to fewer days, mask volumes, and supply chain constraints, offset by price and cost actions. Higher effective tax rate, 19.7% this year versus 18.9% last year, drove a $0.02 Headwind. Share count reduction drove a $0.04 year-over-year tailwind to earnings per share. We saw a $0.03 Benefit from below-the-line items due to higher pension income that was partially offset by increased repositioning in other.
Repositioning in other specifically was approximately $160 million, just below the midpoint of our 4Q guidance of $140 million-$215 million, and included a $105 million charge in the fourth quarter due to incremental long-term contract labor cost overages in Intelligrated, caused by severe supply chain disruptions from COVID-19. The accelerating challenges of supply chain disruptions and labor shortages in the second half of 2021, coupled with the hyper growth of the business and the link between material supply and installation efficiency in the Intelligrated model, drove specific identifiable non-recurring costs, which were recorded in repositioning and other. This charge is forward-looking and accounts for projects which are yet to be completed.
In 2022, we expect roughly $30 million-$50 million of carryover costs, the impact of which is incorporated into our 2022 repositioning in other guidance. Other inefficiencies were reflected in the Intelligrated and SPS P&L, as I mentioned earlier in the discussion of the SPS margins. Moving on to cash, we generated $2.6 billion of free cash flow in the quarter, up 4% year-over-year. This increase was driven by lower working capital, including strong collections and world-class payables, offset by higher inventory as we continue to work through the constrained supply chain environment and extended lead times. We also had a $211 million accelerated cash receipt in the quarter from Garrett per our contractual claims under the plan of reorganization signed last year.
As a reminder, we include cash receipts from Garrett within free cash flow in order to be comparable to prior periods, where the cash proceeds from the indemnification and reimbursement agreement were recognized. Finally, as Darius mentioned earlier, we deployed $2.1 billion towards high return opportunities for our shareholders. We paid $680 million in dividends, repurchased $880 million in shares, over-delivering on our commitment of a minimum 1% share count in 2021, and we deployed approximately $280 million in CapEx and invested $270 million in Quantinuum. Overall, we managed successfully through another challenging quarter and closed out 2021 on a strong note. Now let's turn to slide seven to talk about our markets and segment outlook for 2022.
We continue to see promising signs of the recovery unfold as well as encouraging wins in our key markets. The backdrop for 2022 does have a number of uncertainties in it, the ongoing global pandemic, continued supply chain constraints, accelerated inflation, and labor market challenges. At each turn, our rigorous operating principles have enabled us to demonstrate our agility and resiliency, battling these situations. Across our end markets, the macro setup continues to be strong. Increased COVID-19 vaccination rates and higher immunity should lessen infection rates, pointing to signs of the pandemic subsiding and leading to continued improvement in global flight hours and returns to buildings. Investments will continue to flow towards transitioning global energy production to a low carbon future, and Honeywell will continue to lead that evolution as we invest in our strategically differentiated and sustainable technologies.
We expect supply chain impacts to remain as challenging in the first half of the year as they were in the third and fourth quarter, and they'll start to abate as the Aero supply base ramps up and capacity for electronic components comes online in third quarter. Inflation will continue to be a significant headwind. However, our agile pricing actions will dampen the impacts to margin throughout the year. Corporate tax legislation continues to be a watch area for both earnings and cash, which I'll talk about a little bit later. As for the segments, in 2022, we expect Aerospace to continue to benefit from the recovery in flight hours, leading to robust growth in commercial aftermarket sales. Commercial build rates will continue to improve, especially in air transport, providing growth in original equipment sales, but creating some mix headwinds on margins.
Defense and Space sales will experience progressively improved performance as supply chain challenges abate, returning the business to growth in the second half and ending the year roughly flat. In total, we expect Aerospace sales to be up high single digits for the year. Despite some mixed pressure and the ramp-up in R&D expenses for the long-term programs, margins will expand as Honeywell Quantum Solutions business investment moves out of Aerospace and into corporate costs. HBT will see continued strong demand in 2022 as the world continues to reopen and sustainable solutions see increased use. We expect end markets to gradually recover throughout the year, including government, education, and office buildings. Increased government funding for infrastructure, both in the U.S. and Europe, provide further opportunities across the portfolio.
Pressure from supply chain constraints, particularly semiconductors, will impact the business, especially in the first half, but we'll continue to execute on our mitigation actions and expect the business to grow high single digits for the year. We expect our margins to expand, driven by higher sales on our streamlined cost base. Performance Materials and Technologies has one of the most favorable macro setups in our portfolio, and we will see growth accelerate throughout the year. We expect process solutions sales to sequentially improve. Process solutions projects orders will continue to grow at a healthy rate following the double-digit orders growth we saw in the fourth quarter of 2021, as traditional energy projects begin to gradually recover and we see strength across new verticals like life sciences and sustainable energy storage that are driving increased demand.
The increase in UOP engineering and licensing orders over the past few months gives us confidence in the follow-on process solutions projects growth over the medium term. UOP catalyst shipments will remain strong as demand shifts from petrochemicals to refining, where we expect a reload cycle to emerge in the energy space. Advanced materials demand remains robust, and we expect sales to increase throughout the year, especially as we complete production capacity expansion projects, such as our planned increase in our Solstice line of ultra-low global warming potential solutions. In addition to Solstice, our other sustainable offerings in renewable fuels, carbon capture, energy storage, and plastics recycling will benefit from the increased customer focus on environmental responsibility and efficiency. In total, we expect PMT sales to be up mid- to high-single-digit% for the year.
We expect PMT margins to expand as well as a result of continued pricing and productivity actions, as well as increased volume leverage. In Safety and Productivity Solutions, demand for productivity solutions and services, advanced sensing technologies, and gas detection all remain strong, and their increased backlogs create strong runway for 2022 growth. Lower COVID-related mask demand will affect the first quarter most heavily, driving a 9% drag on SPS in Q1, and then will abate throughout the year. In Intelligrated, after ending 2021 with approximately 50% year-over-year hypergrowth, we expect sales to be flattish year over year in 2022, as we adjust our portfolio towards a better balance of growth and near-term profitability.
We're targeting substantial margin expansion in Intelligrated in 2022 and expect sequential improvement throughout the year, with the second half revenue being higher than the first, the opposite dynamic versus what we saw in 2021. Overall, we expect SPS sales to be flattish year over year, with sales growth higher in the second half versus the first half, and margins expanding materially as business mix and supply chain challenges subside. Overall for Honeywell, we see improvement across most of our end markets throughout 2022, and we have confidence in our continued operational execution. We'll manage through another challenging operational environment with accelerating growth as the year progresses. Now let's move to slide eight to discuss how these dynamics come together for our 2022 financial guidance.
In total for 2022, we expect sales of $35.4 billion-$36.4 billion, which represents overall organic sales growth in the range of 4%-7%. We'll continue to drive pricing actions to combat this inflationary environment, and we expect approximately 4% of our sales growth to come through price. Excluding the impact of the lower COVID mask demand, which will approximately be a 1-point headwind, we expect organic growth of 5%-8%. The first half will be slower, and as additional supplier capacity comes online, we'll see significant sequential improvement and stronger growth in the back half of the year. Segment margins are expected to expand 10-50 basis points, despite a robust investment year, supported by higher sales volumes, price cost management, and our continued rigor on fixed costs.
Excluding the 30 basis point headwind from Quantinuum OpEx that Darius mentioned earlier, we expect margins to expand 40-80 basis points. We are excited about the trajectory of Quantinuum and the value creation that this investment will bring. We expect margin expansion across all of our businesses in 2022, with SPS leading the pack as we prioritize profitability versus growth. For the year, we expect earnings per share of $8.40-$8.70, up 4%-8% adjusted. We see free cash flow in the range of $4.7 billion-$5.1 billion in 2022, or $4.9 billion-$5.3 billion excluding Quantinuum, which I'll walk through in a couple of minutes. For now, let's turn to slide nine and talk through our 2022 EPS approach.
On EPS, segment profit is expected to be a key driver of our earnings growth, contributing $0.58 per share at the midpoint of our guidance, or about 7% growth. Next, below the line, which is the difference between segment profit and income before tax, is expected to be in the range of -$100 million to +$50 million, which reserves capacity for $300 million-$425 million of repositioning and other. This includes between $30 million and $50 million related to the carryover cost from supply chain disruptions in Intelligrated.
On the pension front, we expect approximately $1.05 billion of pension and OPEB income in 2022, down approximately $100 million from 2021, as we have adjusted our plans for higher discount rates due to interest rate movements and the adjustment of our expected returns. Our diligent management and strong returns have been an important value driver for the company, putting us in a position where our pension-funded status continues to be robust, ending the year at approximately 120%. With these inputs below the line and other items are expected to be down $0.15 per share year-over-year at the midpoint, mainly driven by the lower pension income. Quantinuum will result in a headwind of approximately $0.03 per share, as the net P&L investment is partially offset with non-controlling interest.
For taxes, we expect an effective rate of 22%, and our base case is that our minimum 1% share count reduction program will result in a benefit of $0.09 per share, reducing our weighted average shares from 700 to at least 693 million. In total, we expect 2022 earnings per share to be in the range of $8.40-$8.70, up 48% year-over-year adjusted. However, excluding the impact from Quantum and below the line and other items, we would see year-over-year earnings per share growth of 8% at the midpoint. Now let's turn to slide 10 and discuss the drivers of our free cash flow guidance for 2022.
As we outlined on this bridge, 2022 cash flow will be the tale of three dynamics: healthy net income growth, two meaningful non-operational adjustments, and an increase. The two main detractors are lower Garrett cash receipts due to an elevated payment of $375 million in 2021, and higher cash taxes between $400 million and $600 million, as current R&D capitalization tax legislation and other law changes may result in meaningful year-over-year headwinds. While there is still a possibility that legislation will be enacted that defers the requirement to capitalize R&D, we are including higher cash taxes in our current outlook, as we'll be required to make these payments unless existing law is amended by legislation before the end of March.
As you would expect from Honeywell, we'll continue investing in our long-term growth with between $200 million and $300 million incremental capital expenditures in 2022 to build solutions that'll help us solve challenging problems for our customers and address critical global sustainability issues. In addition, as Darius highlighted, we're investing an incremental $100 million in cutting-edge technology like Quantinuum. These strategically important investments are building on the momentum we have with the recent wins, both in Sustainable Solutions and more broadly across Honeywell, creating value for our shareholders. This outlook could of course get better if tax law changes play out differently, and our CapEx this year should be a bit of a peak, so I'm very confident it will continue to be a strong cash generator prospectively. Now let's turn to slide 11 for a preview of the first quarter.
We're entering Q1 with a very strong backlog and a number of challenges persisting in this operating environment and some evolving economic and geopolitical uncertainties. We expect organic growth in the first quarter in the range of down 2% to up 1%, driven by the ongoing supply constraints, current COVID dynamics which have dampened travel somewhat versus Q4, and evolving geopolitical uncertainties. We'll continue to deploy pricing actions to combat rising costs, and we expect price increases to drive approximately 4% of sales growth in the quarter. This quarter will be our toughest comp for the year as the first quarter of 2021 was near the peak of our COVID-related mask demand. Excluding the two percentage point impact of lower masks, we would expect organic growth in the range of flat to up 3%.
We expect segment margins in the range of 20.6%-21% in the first quarter, down 40 basis points to flat year-over-year. Excluding the impact of Quantinuum, we expect segment margins to be down 10 to up 30 basis points as our price cost actions and cost management mostly offset the volume leverage challenges we're facing in this supply-constrained environment. The net below-the-line impact is expected to be between $30 million-$75 million expense, with a range of repositioning between $120 million-$160 million in the quarter as we continue to provide capacity to fund ongoing restructuring. We expect the effective tax rate to be in the range of 22% and average share count to be approximately 697 million shares.
As a result, we expect first quarter EPS between $1.80 and $1.90, down 6% to down 1% year-over-year. Lastly, first quarter is historically our lowest from a cash perspective. With the supply chain impacts that we have been facing, those will continue to drive higher inventory levels, dampening our cash generation in the short term. Now let's take a moment to walk through our expectations by segment. In Aerospace, we expect flight hours to remain relatively flat to the fourth quarter. Though COVID may dampen it some, it will be up significantly year-over-year, leading to another quarter of strong growth in both air transport and business and general aviation. Air transport original equipment should return to growth as build rates begin to improve.
In Defense and Space, international defense will continue to grow, and stable U.S. Defense spending will lead to volumes that are relatively flat to the fourth quarter, though down slightly year-over-year. In Building Technologies, we expect business conditions to remain similar to fourth quarter, with strong demand but continued supply constraints. Demand for our Healthy Buildings solutions should remain strong as the world continues to combat COVID-19 and the Omicron variant. The business should see sequential and year-over-year growth as we execute on our robust backlog in building solutions and see continued demand for fire and security products. In PMT, we expect continued year-over-year sales growth in the first quarter. Strong demand for thermal solutions will drive growth in process solutions while the projects business begins to move past its pre-COVID decline comps.
Increased catalyst shipments and process technologies licensing will support growth in UOP, though they'll be partially offset by lower equipment volumes due to project life cycle timing. Advanced material sales will continue to increase in the quarter due to sustained high demand across the product lines as well as pricing actions implemented to offset commodity inflation. Finally, in SPS, Q1 will be its most difficult quarter. We expect sales to be down year-over-year due to the 9-point impact of mask demand and Intelligrated sales that will be near the second half exit rate as opposed to the very strong start in Q1 of last year. We'll see strong double-digit growth in the first quarter from productivity solutions and services, advanced sensing technologies, and gas detection as they execute on their robust backlog.
Productivity solutions and services has been a star in the portfolio, and we expect this business to continue to gain market share. Overall, the road ahead remains challenging, but we're confident in our ability to navigate through this operating environment in the first quarter, and we're extremely optimistic about our prospects for the future. With that, I'll turn the call back over to Darius.
Thank you, Greg. Let's turn to slide 12 and talk about our corporate governance at Honeywell. Integrity and ethics, inclusion and diversity, and workplace respect are foundational principles core to our strategy at Honeywell. Our focus on these principles is evident in our corporate governance efforts throughout the entire organization from top to bottom. We have a diverse and independent board of directors overseeing the business and an executive team that is committed to fostering a culture built on these foundational principles. Through our annual training to all of our employees, we educate on our code of business conduct and promote honest business practices, compliance to all laws and regulations, and respect in the workplace.
We recently launched Honeywell Accelerator, a revitalized operating system that provides a centralized source of training programs designed to further develop our employees, enhance the way we manage, govern, and operate the business. Accelerator allows us to educate and standardize around our best practices and will empower our employees with the knowledge and tools needed to perform their roles. In January, we announced a new addition to our board of directors. Rose Lee was elected to join the board as an independent director. Rose is currently President and Chief Executive Officer of Cornerstone Building Brands, a leading manufacturer of exterior building products in North America. Rose has a unique blend of leadership skills, deep knowledge of operations and technology, and a passion for environmental, social, and governance excellence.
Prior to joining Cornerstone Building Brands, Rose served as president of the DuPont Water & Protection business, focusing on improving sustainability through the company's water, shelter, and safety solutions. She's also spearheaded initiatives to advance minorities, women's, and veterans. Rose's perspective will be an invaluable addition to our board as we further advance Honeywell's transformation. Now let's turn to slide 13 for some closing thoughts before we move into Q&A. The first year of recovery was not without its challenges. However, we effectively managed through these macroeconomic difficulties and over-delivered on our financial commitments. We didn't stay on the sidelines, but instead, we took action to grow the business, including increasing our capital deployment. Our balance sheet remains strong and will continue to invest for the future of Honeywell.
While several COVID-related headwinds will drag into early part of 2022, the macro setup is trending favorably for most of our end markets. We are optimistic about our future. Our recent innovations, including new safety and sustainability offerings, will drive long-term growth and allow us to meet some of the world's most pressing needs. One last item before we move to Q&A. I'm pleased to announce that our 2022 Investor Day will be held on March 3 at our corporate headquarters in Charlotte. At this Investor Day, I, along with members of the senior management team, will discuss Honeywell's business strategy, exciting new growth opportunities, and an updated long-term growth algorithm. We look forward to sharing more with you about Honeywell's future at that time. With that, Sean, let's move to Q&A.
Thank you, Darius. Darius, Greg, Anne, and Torsten are now available to answer your questions. We ask that you please be mindful of others in the queue by only asking one question. Ari, please open the line for Q&A.
The floor is now open for questions. If you have a question, please click on the Raise Hand icon at the bottom of your screen. Once you're called to ask your question, please make sure you unmute your mic. We'll now take our first question from Scott Davis from Melius Research. Scott, good morning, and over to you.
Good morning, everybody. Can you hear me?
Loud and clear.
Yes. Good morning.
Good morning, Scott.
Guys, the guidance seems conservative, I guess, and when you back out price, 4% price, you're not expecting a whole lot of unit volume recovery. Is that because of the first half being so weak and you expect just a modest improvement in the second half? I mean, I guess just a little bit of color. I look at slide seven, and it looks so bullish, and then you look at slide eight and say, "Oh, you know, it doesn't feel as bullish." Just trying to get a sense of how you're thinking about the year playing out and how conservative the guide is.
Yeah, I mean, you know, I think first of all, a couple of comments on that. We do have to take, first of all, masks into account, which adds a point to the growth rate. So now we're at 5%-8% because I think frankly, the masks are a bunch of noise into our numbers, at least for the first half. Second of all, you know, the first half will be slow, which actually means that we gotta have substantial acceleration in the second half. Although we're bullish on improved supply chain flow, it is a bit of an unknown. Even with sort of the kind of a slow first half, that implies a pretty aggressive growth in the second half.
You know, for us, you know, 5%-8% growth, which, you know, take 6.5-7% at the midpoint, you know, I think is a fairly reasonable guide to start the year with a lot of uncertainty along the supply chain. I am optimistic, and we have some very specific data points. You know, for example, we have about just a shade over 90% of our semiconductor now confirmed for the year. The problem is it's not necessarily confirmed when we want it, which will be in the first half. It's more confirmed for the second half. You know, you would have to be sort of betting on the future, and sometimes the future is unpredictable until we see that. You know, we came out with guidance that I think is fair.
You know, I don't know if you wanna call it aggressive or conservative, but it does assume a pretty good step-up in the second half, probably not inconsistent with some of those peers. What none of us know, and I, that includes Honeywell and others, is exactly what will happen in the second half. We've built in a ramp, but we also feel like it's a ramp that can be met. You know, we'll adjust as we go through the year.
Okay. That's fair. I'll stick to the one question. Thank you, guys, and good luck in 2022.
Thanks, Scott.
Our next question comes from Steve Tusa from JP Morgan. Steve, over to you.
Hey, guys. Good morning.
Hey, Steve. Good morning, Steve.
Just on the investment side, it looks to me like, you know, R&D growing 15%, you have this digital investment you're making. You talked about the CapEx and how I think you said that that's kind of getting close to a peak. What is the kind of normal run rate of these investments now going forward? Seems like they grew meaningfully ahead of sales this year. Are these investments that will continue to grow ahead of sales, or will they be more kind of flat, you know, with sales or even flat on absolute basis? You know, what's the outlook for those R&D and this digital spending?
I mean, yeah, let me, let me kind of split that up, Steve. The first one is, I think, you know, from a CapEx perspective, we think that this is a bit of a higher than normal year by, call it, like $200 million-$300 million. I think that that's probably a bit unusual. You know, look, I think there's a key point here that's missing. I think our investors should want us to spend money in CapEx and R&D. It is the highest IRR return we can have on anything we do. With the pricing for M&A today, you know, if you can get double-digit IRR returns on M&A, you're doing well. You know, I think this is the point, is that we have great projects, both CapEx and OpEx, which will generate tremendous return for investors, especially in sustainability technology solutions.
I mean, that business is poised to be multi-billion dollars by the end of the century or by the end of the decade. I think, you know, some of the wins that you've seen here are proof points of that, and I see nothing but acceleration from this point forward. I think that's the story on CapEx. On OpEx, you know, obviously we have some items around Quantinuum. We're investing there. I mean, you know, we've got about almost a $200 million headwind just from OpEx investment in that business. I mean, you know, this is sort of another appealing thing to our investors. I mean, you can pick up the best quantum computing company in the world at an industrial multiple.
You know, obviously, I think we're, you know, whether or not that stays within the portfolio, I think is to be determined, but probably keeping it longer-term within the portfolio is not the path we would go. Obviously, that will also create some headwinds. You know, then sort of R&D investment, other, you know, I think that's a little bit to be determined. I mean, we are gonna continue to invest in innovation. As long as we have good projects, that investment is gonna continue. We have some great investments in sustainability, Aerospace, Forge, we're gonna continue to make them.
Right. I guess what's kinda hard for us to see is that, you know, you're spending this money, but obviously in the fourth quarter and in the first quarter, you know, you're really not seeing it in sales. Will there be, you know, can you guys give us any color on, you know, how much sales? I guess we can do the math on the returns, but will this add a point or two to sales over the next couple of years per year? Like, you know, at some point it has to show up in the top line to make it down to the bottom line. I think that's what is a little bit juxtaposed.
Yeah. Yeah, no, I get that. I mean, but I mean, you know, there's no sort of instant gratification. I mean, as you know, quantum computing, we're projecting to do more than $20 million this year in revenue. Could do more than that, you know, but we're also saying it's gonna do $2 billion by 2026, so that's sort of a pretty attractive curve there. Sustainability technology solutions, think about it as a $700 million business within three years, to give you some very specifics. Now it's still, you know, like, view it as a couple of $100 million this year, but it's gonna accelerate very, very quickly, to give you some curves.
You know, on the big scope of Honeywell, are they gonna show up dramatically in Q1, Q2? Probably not. As you look at 2023, 2024, and 2025, we're very, very confident these things will show up. You know, we'll talk a little bit more about that at Investor Day. You know, I think the sustainability technology solutions business has been on fire. With all the wins, and some of them we can't even talk about that we've had, particularly in our green fuels, gives us a lot of confidence to invest a lot more money into that business, given the kind of demand we're seeing and interest in our technologies.
Great. Thanks a lot.
Thanks, Steve.
Our next question comes from Julian Mitchell from Barclays. Julian?
Hi, good morning. Thank you. Good morning. Maybe just a question around sort of cash generation and cash uses. So just wondered, you know, what your perspective was on, you know, whether Honeywell can be a sort of 100% free cash flow conversion business in the medium term. Understood that maybe CapEx normalizes, but, you know, you've still got that pension income in the P&L aspect there. Then the second part is on the cash uses. I think investors might say, "Look, you've got very high IRR investments being made. The share price isn't embedding the high IRR. Your balance sheet's unlevered, so why don't you do a big share buyback right now in advance of those high IRR projects becoming visible?
Thank you, Julian. When you look at our cash generation capability, I think you've seen over the last four years plus, we have dramatically improved that to be right around, if not above 100% and 16%-17% cash margin, which we think is actually a better measure. With this investment that is going in now, obviously that takes it down this year, which would compute into something probably in the high 80s, mid- to high 80s, and probably, again, 13%-14%, so call it mid-teens on cash margin. Our forward look is very positive. I mean, as we've discussed, I mean, the CapEx comes and goes. We're usually right around 900 ±.
This year maybe we're gonna be $1.2 billion or so, $1 billion, $2 billion, but there's some specific reasons why that is and that will probably work its way back down. We'll continue to drive income growth, which is gonna fuel our cash generation. I feel very strongly about you know, the strength of our cash flow. Will it be 100%? I don't know, 'cause, but we feel like mid-teens cash margin for us is a very strong place and no reason to believe that we're not gonna continue to be there. As far as the share buyback is concerned, you know, we've got our powder dry. That is, we've demonstrated once again in the fourth quarter, that we're willing to deploy our capital against that.
We did almost $1 billion in 4Q. I think it was $800 million, you know, high $800 million. If that opportunity, you know, really shows itself, you know, we'll go back in and do so. I think that's one of the things we always have it right on our radar on our capital deployment toggle. I don't know, Darius, do you wanna say any more about it?
Yeah, no. I think, you know, Julian, as you saw in Q4, we were pretty active in the market, and we think that the shares are severely underpriced right now. We acted Q4, so we kind of did what we say. You know, in terms of cash conversion, I'll be honest, I fuckin' hate that metric. It's not a good metric. 'Cause if you do a bunch of really expensive M&A and you have an underfunded pension plan, you're gonna look really good on that metric. It's kind of a meaningless metric. I like cash as a % of your revenue. I think that's a better metric, and I think we're gonna be in the teens some place in the teens. Some years mid to upper teens, some years lower. You know, but what.
One thing we're not gonna do is not invest in the business when we have these kinds of growth opportunities. I think that, you know, I think it's a great sign that Honeywell has these kinds of growth opportunities that provide these kinds of returns. You know, and I wish that some of the revenue and returns would come sooner. I think we all wish that, but the fact is these are attractive returns. Whether it's Quantum or Sustainability Technology Solutions or others, you know, you don't get this kind of margin performance year after year after year, and we're not exactly a low margin company to begin with. I mean, we're in our low 20s%, so we're kind of in the top quartile of our peer group, and we have continued confidence in margin expansion.
Reason is because we're investing in innovation which is differentiated, where we can capture value. I think we've proven that.
Yeah, agree with that on the primacy of the cash flow margin. Thanks very much.
Thank you.
Thanks, Julian.
Our next question comes from Nigel Coe from Wolfe Research. Nigel, please go ahead.
Thanks. Good morning. Can you hear me okay?
Yeah. Good morning, Nigel.
Yeah.
Good morning. Thanks for the question. Just wanted to go back to cash flow, and the $0.5 billion impact from the tax changes, Greg.
Yep.
R&D, you know, I think we all understand, but definitely a little bit heavier than what we expected. Maybe just break out, you know, is it R&D plus other things? If Congress solves this issue, does that $0.5 come back or are there-
Yes.
Other things?
Yeah, 100%. Listen, we could have. There are some of our peers who left out the detriment of the extenders not occurring. We did not do that because-
Most of our peers.
Yeah. I mean, I could tell you that it's gonna be, you know, $400 million-$500 million, you know, more cash flow, and then if they don't do the needful, then we're gonna come back to you in April and take our guidance down. That was not a position we wanted to be in. We're being very transparent with what it is. You know, we really hope that that legislation gets extended. We feel very strongly that that R&D tax credit is important. It's important for us to invest here in the U.S. in R&D, protects jobs, et cetera, and it's the underpinning of a lot of our technology that we then export throughout the world. We're very hopeful that that changes.
In the meantime, as it stands right now, it doesn't, and come March, you know, we may be having to make a payment. Therefore, you know, we put it in our guidance as such.
The short story is, Nigel, that if it does get passed, expect, you know, a $400 million, roughly, plus or minus increase to our cash outlook for the year.
Okay. Very clear. Thanks again. Thank you very much.
Yep. Thank you.
Our next question comes from Jeff Sprague from Vertical Research. Jeff, please go ahead.
Thank you. Good morning, everyone.
Hey, Jeff.
Hey, Jeff.
Hey, I just wanna come back to the growth investments. I guess sitting here we could probably just impute that the growth R&D and CapEx is you know CapEx $200-$300 million right? In R&D, $200 million. Darius, you've been talking about these you know initiatives for a while, some of the ones that you've laid out here. Maybe you could just actually scale for us what is truly growth CapEx and growth-oriented R&D. Have you found ways to kind of repurpose those traditional spending buckets? You know, I think you talked about kind of lowering the asset intensity of the business and other things you know. I think there's some movement inside that CapEx budget.
The nature of my question is really to try to get at, and I think Steve alluded to, is kind of imputing the growth inherent in this IRR number that you're giving us, which kind of hinges on, you know, what the growth spending actually is.
Yeah. Well, I think, you know, sort of the increment for this year is pretty much all sort of growth-oriented spending. There's a couple other elements that are embedded. Some of the classical sort of CapEx spending is going, what is getting replaced by some of the spending that we're doing on things like automation. For example, our next phase of ISC transformation isn't so much, you know, reduction and footprint and fixed costs and so on, but it's actually automation. There's some CapEx that's embedded in there, that's, you know, doesn't necessarily help growth, but it helps margin expansion, efficiency, and so on. There are some puts and takes, and but the incremental spend has really been on really growth programs. Let me just give you a couple of specific examples.
You know, where we've actually spent in development. You know, we don't probably talk about it often enough, but our Forge business, which we've invested in pretty heavily, you know, their recurring, their SaaS growth, 39% last year. Their recurring revenue base, double-digit last year. Overall, software growth, double-digit last year. Our Solstice business, which as you may recall in the 2015, 2016, 2017 timeframe, we've invested a lot of capital into it. Now, you know, billion-dollar-plus kind of a business, and now we're investing even more because it's accretive to our margins, it's growing very, very quickly, and we're finding new applications. I hope the investors trust us that we make these investments, they come to fruition, generate returns. They're not instantaneous.
You know, we made Solstice investments four, five, six years ago, and now they're coming to fruition, and they're growing. Made the Forge investments three, four years ago. That's grown. You know, in two, three, four years, I'm very confident we're gonna be talking to you about, you know, the kinda top line we're getting from sustainability technology solutions or quantum, whether it's part of Honeywell or part or not. You know, these are attractive things.
You know, just a quick follow-up, if I could. You know, so much discussion on growth here today. Could you size maybe the growth headwind that you experienced in Q4 and/or the year on supply chain or other type issues?
Yeah. We talked about it in our last guide, as you know, $300 million-$500 million in the quarter in Q4 and having experienced about $300 million in Q3. That's kind of what it turned out to be, was probably more towards the high end of the $500 million. You know, you see that in our past-due backlog. It continues to be at an elevated level in three out of four businesses. Through the course of the year, that's probably $1 billion more than where we began.
You know, again, that's not one for one exactly the number, but that will give you a good, you know, a good marker for some of what was left on the table here in 2021, which again, we have high confidence that carries forward. As the supply base opens up on the semiconductor side, that should help free up the, you know, the past dues, certainly in a little bit in PMT, but mainly in the HBT and SPS business. Then we've talked a lot about supply chain, and we're starting to hear more of our Aerospace and Defense peers speaking about it as well as that supply chain ramps up.
You know, that should provide a lot of tailwind for us, you know, as we go throughout the year.
Great. Thanks.
Sure.
Our next question comes from Sheila Kahyaoglu from Jefferies. Sheila?
Hey. Good morning, guys. Thank you for the time.
Hey, Sheila. Morning.
Morning. I wanted to ask about maybe Aerospace margins and SPS margins, because I think that's the two deltas versus our model and your long-term targets. Especially on Aerospace margins, when we look at your margins, you did 27.7% in 2021, which is really good, and 28.2%, if we exclude the Quantinuum loss. You know, how do we think about the drivers of that despite, you know, headwinds that you have in the business, but you're talking about margin expansion there for Aerospace, what's the reset higher? And then same for SPS, how do we think about a normalized margin rate there?
Yeah, let me start and probably turn it over to Greg. You know, I think, you know, a couple things. You know, we are gonna get much more OE growth in 2022 than we did in 2021. You know, it was a favorable mix in 2021, but nevertheless, we're gonna still continue to see aftermarket growth. We're also investing in R&D. You know, given the volume leverage that we expect to see, and still I wouldn't say as favorable mix as in 2021, but still a good mix in 2022, we expect to see some continued margin expansion in Aerospace, despite further investments in R&D. That's the Aerospace outlook. In terms of SPS, you know, I think our big pressure was in the Intelligrated business, 'cause as you know, that business grew over 50% last year.
You know, frankly, and I've said this on multiple calls, probably the worst year to pick that level of growth. We will focus in Intelligrated in 2022, not so much on growth, but there's more than enough that we could have if we wanted it. We're gonna focus on productivity and margin expansion because, you know, we really have to position that business much better for further growth, which we expect to see in 2023 and 2024. That's really the business that really hurt our margins in SPS, especially in the second half of last year.
Yeah, you picked the bookends. I mean, we expect the most margin expansion in SPS for those reasons. You know, I think Aerospace is gonna be on the lower end for exactly what Gary's described between the investments we're making in R&D as well as some of the mix pressures. We will get a little bit of that, you know, 40-50 basis points benefit from Quantinuum moving out, but it'll be on the lower end of the scale in Aerospace. That's actually not a bad thing. I mean, we grew Aerospace margins dramatically in 2021, so it's not like we're slowing down off of a slow pace. It was a huge contributor to our margin expansion in 2021.
I think it's right that this is the way we want to make sure that we're always investing in that business because it's got a very bright long-term future.
Thank you.
Our next question comes from Andrew Obin from Bank of America. Andrew, please go ahead.
Hi, guys. Good morning.
Hey, Andrew.
The question is just a follow up on guidance. At the lower end, right, you're guiding to 4% top line growth with 4% pricing, you know, sort of implies flat volumes. Could you just talk about the scenario? What would lead you? You know, what does the world look like in which this come true, and what does it imply for second quarter? Thank you.
Yeah. Well, I think first of all, I'd say that, you know, you gotta take the masks noise out of it. So even at the low end, you know, we're growing the business. 'Cause I think masks will still provide some noise, certainly in Q1 worth 2 points and even some in Q2. The scenario would be that, you know, there's no real improvement or deterioration in the supply chain situation. I mean, that is the biggest still unknown. Although we're optimistic that the supply chain is getting better and we have better, you know, that we've sort of bottomed out, you know, until we really see that, it's hard to lock that into some of those numbers, and that's why we kinda have the bottom where we do.
That would be the biggest sort of variable that's an unknown is really the supply chain performance.
Gotcha. Not a specific segment, supply chain.
No. The ones that we're getting impacted the most, you know, I think in PMT for the most part, the impact there has been very mild. I would say HBT has been impacted relatively heavily, particularly in Q4. I would say looking forward, that's probably the segment where we have the biggest impact. You know, Aerospace also, and SPS actually is getting better. That's sorta how I would weigh the four different segments.
No, that makes perfect sense. Thank you so much.
Thanks.
Our next question comes from Deane Dray from RBC Capital Markets. Deane, please go ahead.
Thank you. Good morning, everyone.
Hey, Deane.
Good morning.
Hey. Just since it's been in the headlines over the past several weeks about the 5G rollout and issues with risk of interference at airports, I'd be interested in your comments. You know, has this impacted orders at all in Aerospace? Has it required any retesting, any delays? Any commentary there would be helpful. Thanks.
Yeah, no. The short answer, Dean, it has not impacted orders. We're obviously working with both the OEs and the FAA to find a solution. We're actively involved in those discussions. In terms of orders and so on, no. I mean, if anything, you know, if there's a hardware and/or a software solution here, it will probably improve our outlook for orders, not actually detract from it. We've been very active in those discussions.
Is there a risk of interference? There's lots of debate there.
Yeah. You know, I think I'm gonna leave that answer to the experts, and I'm not an expert in this topic, so I think I'm gonna defer that one.
I appreciate it. Thank you.
Thank you.
Thanks.
Our next question comes from John Walsh from Credit Suisse. John, please go ahead.
Hi, good morning.
Hey, John.
Good morning.
Hey, wanted to just dig in a little bit to slide 22, where you talk about the labor cost inefficiencies, the $30 million-$50 million. Would just love to know how you're actually calculating that. Is that absenteeism? Is it the impact of inefficiencies from doing changeovers? It would seem like we've heard that from many manufacturers, but I guess you're the first to size it and actually seemed a little bit low. Maybe there's some other things that's not being captured in that $30 million to-
Yeah.
$50 million you call out.
Yeah. Think about that as, again, that's specific to Intelligrated, it's specific to projects that we began in 2021 that are now gonna carry over into 2022. Some of those costs are related to, you know, some of the demobilization and remobilization and the inefficiencies that come across. If you think about, you know, an installation project, materials come on site, people come on site and do their job in a, you know, a certain defined timeframe and a certain set of steps. When that gets disrupted by material availability, you create havoc with, you know, supply of labor on time and so forth. These are very identifiable costs related to very specific projects.
You know, we have changed our operating cadence with some of our customers to lengthen lead times and so forth to make sure that that doesn't recur again in 2022. This is really the carryover of completion of some of these larger jobs in 2021.
I think it's Greg, you know, said it right, which is when the supplies don't arrive on time, you cause inefficiency in the installation rhythm because there are people essentially waiting on supplies. That's kinda what we changed going forward for 2022 is, you know, we will really be staging the parts and the components needed for the warehouse before we actually apply the labor. The way we're gonna execute these jobs, 'cause you generally, in a normal flowing supply chain environment, you kinda do that concurrently. With the unpredictability in the supply chain, it's really not possible, not prudent to do it that way. We're gonna be doing much more staging before we actually apply labor to do the install, which will dramatically improve our efficiency.
Great. Thanks for taking the question. I'll pass it along.
You got it. Thank you.
We'll take our last question from Andrew Kaplowitz from Citigroup. Andrew, please go ahead. Okay, we'll come back to Andrew. We'll take one more question from Markus Mittermaier from UBS. Markus, please go ahead.
Yes. Hi, good morning, everyone.
Hey, Markus.
Hey, hi. One on PMT, if I could. Obviously your piece still strong as per your comments. You had a comment in the press release this morning that there was delayed project recovery and softness in smart energy in the fourth quarter. How should I think about the 2022 guide here with single digits to high single digits in the context of the automation business? What are the customer conversations here on budgets? And is there upside there if some of these project delays maybe aren't as bad as you expect? How should we think about that?
Yeah, no, we're very bullish on PMT this year. Just to give you some specific figures, our project business bookings were up double-digit in Q4. We actually see a substantial acceleration in our automation business, and that's reflected in the booking rates. You know, PMT overall was up double digits in Q4 in the year. UOP business bookings were up over 20% in Q4. So really nice positioning for PMT. We're very bullish on PMT for 2022 and 2023. I mean, the investment cycle is certainly returning and we're seeing that in both our booking rates and the kind of performance we saw even in Q4, and we think that that's gonna continue. So, I think PMT is as well positioned as any business we see for 2022.
Great. Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you very much. That concludes today's question and answer session. At this time, I would like to turn the conference back to Darius Adamczyk for any additional closing remarks.
I want to thank our shareholders for your ongoing support. We delivered strong fourth quarter results and continue to navigate effectively through multiple uncertainties with the typical level of operational rigor we've come to expect from Honeywell. Our future is bright, and we look forward to discussing this further at our upcoming Investor Day. Thank you all for listening, and please stay safe and healthy.
Thank you. This does conclude today's conference call. You may disconnect at this time. Have a wonderful day.