Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by and welcome to the Teledyne's fourth quarter earnings call 2021. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. Later, we will have a question-and-answer session and instructions for queuing up will be given to you at that time. Should you require operator assistance during the call, press star zero on your phone's keypad. As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded. I would now like to turn the call over to your first speaker, Mr. Jason VanWees. Please go ahead.
Good morning, everyone. This is Jason VanWees, Vice Chairman of Teledyne, and I'd like to welcome everyone to Teledyne's fourth quarter and full year 2021 earnings release conference call. We released our earnings earlier this morning before the market opened. Joining me today are Teledyne's Chairman, President, and CEO, Robert Mehrabian, Senior Vice President and CFO, Sue Main, Senior Vice President, General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer, and Secretary, Melanie Cibik. Also joining today is Edwin Roks, Executive VP of Teledyne and President of our combined Teledyne Digital Imaging businesses. After remarks by Robert and Sue, we will ask for your questions. Of course, before we get started, our attorneys have reminded me to tell you that all forward-looking statements made this morning are subject to various assumptions, risks, and caveats as noted in the earnings release and our periodic SEC filings.
Yes, actual results may differ materially. In order to avoid potential selective disclosures, this call is simultaneously being webcast and a replay, both via webcast and dial-in, will be available for approximately one month. Here's Robert.
Thank you, Jason, and good morning and thank you for joining our earnings call. 2021 was a defining year for Teledyne with record sales and adjusted earnings, operating margin, and cash flow. Furthermore, with the successful acquisition and integration of Teledyne FLIR, Teledyne has further evolved into a global sensing and decision support technology company. We provide specialty sensors, cameras, instrumentation, algorithms, and software across the electromagnetic spectrum and unmanned systems in the subsea, land and air domains. I've never been more pleased with our portfolio of businesses. In its simple description, we are a high technology commercial industrial business balanced across multiple end markets with a resilient, predictable portion of long-cycle government business. In the fourth quarter, our operational execution remained very strong.
We achieved revenue, record revenue 70% greater than last year, driven by organic growth of 8.4%, and the remaining 61.6% of sales increase contributed by Teledyne FLIR. Sales growth was especially strong in our commercial imaging and electronic test and measurement instrumentation businesses. In addition, our Aerospace and Defense Electronics segment saw continued growth in government and space markets, along with ongoing recovery in commercial aerospace. Despite significant non-cash purchase accounting charges, fourth quarter GAAP earnings per share of $3.39 decreased only 2.6% compared to last year. Excluding acquisition-related charges, earnings were $4.56 per share, an increase of 23.9% on a comparable basis from 2020.
Compared to the midpoint of our fourth quarter earnings output in October, which was $4.12, stronger sales contributed about $0.12 per share, improved margins roughly $0.25, plus a small $0.07 per share increase related to discrete tax items, which, by the way, specifically excludes a larger tax benefit related to certain foreign tax matters appearing in the GAAP results. Cash flow was also all-time quarterly record, allowing repayment of $345 million of debt and our leverage ratio declined to 2.9 from 3.8, which was the number we had immediately after the FLIR acquisition. Turning to 2022 outlook, the overall demand environment across all businesses remains favorable. Nevertheless, supply chain constraints continue to limit shipments.
Given this, we think a reasonable outlook for total company organic sales growth at this time is between 4% and 5%, coupled with a full year sales contribution of approximately $2 billion from FLIR. This equates to total revenue of just under $5.5 billion. Of course, if supply chain challenges ease or as it's necessary, we were able to increase pricing to offset inflation more than at the present time, we will increase the revenue outlook throughout the year, as we did in 2021, where we achieved full year organic revenue growth of 8.2% relative to our initial outlook in January of 2021 of 5%-6%. I will now comment on the performance of our four business segments.
In our Digital Imaging segment, fourth quarter sales increased 209%, largely due to the FLIR acquisition. Organic growth in our combined commercial and government imaging businesses was also very strong at 18.6%. Sales growth was strongest for industrial and scientific vision sensors and systems. In addition, we had record healthcare sales with revenue greater than any pre-pandemic period. GAAP segment operating margin was 11.6%, but adjusted for purchase accounting and transaction costs, segment margin was 23.3%. In our Instrumentation segment, fourth quarter sales increased 6.9% versus last year. Sales of electronic test and measurement systems, which include oscilloscopes and protocol analyzers, were very strong and increased 13% year-over-year to record levels.
Sales of environmental instruments increased 3.2% from last year, with sales related to human health and safety markets, such as drug discovery and gas and flame detection, being the strongest in the quarter. Sales of marine instruments increased 6.5% in the quarter. In addition, quarterly orders were the strongest in the last seven years, with fourth quarter book-to-bill of 1.35. Overall, Instrumentation segment operating profit increased 5.5% in the fourth quarter and 19% in 2021, with full year segment operating margin increasing 226 basis points or 218 basis points excluding intangible asset amortization.
In the Aerospace and Defense Electronics segment, fourth quarter sales increased 12.5%, driven by 6.4% growth in defense, space, and industrial sales, combined with 38.5% increase in sales of commercial aerospace products. GAAP segment operating profit increased 75% and margin 888 basis points greater than last year. Finally, in the Engineered Systems segment, fourth quarter revenue decreased 15.6% and operating profit and margin declined due to lower sales, and also since we exited the higher margin cruise missile turbine engine business earlier this past year. Before turning the call over to Sue, I want to make a few concluding remarks.
First, as noted in yesterday's 8-K filing, an appeals court in Sweden generally affirmed a lower court's ruling made in March 2020 regarding a FLIR tax matter dating back to 2012. The court determined an estimated tax liability of $303 million. This outcome was anticipated by us and the associated liability was accrued as noted in our most recent 10-Q. We do not plan to appeal the decision and expect to pay the tax in the first quarter of 2022. Finally, regarding environmental, social, and governance efforts for ESG, Teledyne's sustainability journey began more than 20 years ago with the belief that demand for environmental monitoring instruments would outgrow general industrial process instrumentation. Our first three acquisitions were Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Monitor Labs, and Tekmar, three companies dedicated to analyzing trace contaminants in air and water.
Today, our imaging sensors enable greenhouse gas and pollution monitoring from space. Our environmental instruments provide data on the concentration of chemicals and particulates in ambient air, and our autonomous underwater floats and vehicles enable the monitoring of ocean temperature and salinity from the surface to deep subsea. While we have highlighted our strategy and product in our last three annual reports, next month, we will publish an inaugural corporate social responsibility or CSR report. Here, we will further highlight our sustainability efforts as well as disclose metrics regarding greenhouse gas emission and reduction targets, workplace safety, and employee and management diversity. I'll now turn the call over to Sue.
Thank you, Robert, and good morning, everyone. I will first discuss some additional financials for the quarter not covered by Robert, and then I will discuss our first quarter and full year 2022 outlook. In the fourth quarter, cash flow from operating activities was $295.6 million, compared with cash flow of $236.4 million for the same period of 2020. Free cash flow, that is cash from operating activities less capital expenditures, was $261.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2021, compared with $217 million in 2020. For the full year 2021, free cash flow was $794.6 million, excluding FLIR transaction-related cash payments net of tax.
Capital expenditures were $34 million in the fourth quarter, compared to $19.4 million for the same period of 2020. Depreciation and amortization expense was $86.2 million for the fourth quarter of 2021, compared with $28.7 million in 2020. In addition, non-cash inventory step-up expense for the fourth quarter of 2021 was $47.8 million. We ended the quarter with approximately $3.62 billion of net debt. That is approximately $4.1 billion of debt, less cash of $474.7 million. Stock option compensation expense was $6.4 million for the fourth quarter of 2021, compared to $5.9 million for the same period of 2020.
Resulting from the FLIR acquisition, restricted stock unit expense for FLIR employees was $1.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. Turning to our outlook, management currently believes that GAAP earnings per share in the first quarter of 2022 will be in the range of $3.12-$3.22 per share, with non-GAAP earnings in the range of $4.02-$4.10. For the full year 2022, our GAAP earnings per share outlook is $14.10-$14.55, and on a non-GAAP basis, $17.60-$18. The 2022 full year estimated tax rate, excluding discrete items, is expected to be 22.8%. I'll now pass the call back to Robert.
Thank you, Sue. We would now like to take your questions. John, if you're ready to proceed with the questions and answers, please go ahead.
Ladies and gentlemen, if you would like to ask a question, please press one-zero on your phone's keypad. You'll hear a tone acknowledging that you're in queue, and you can remove yourself from queue by pressing that one-zero again. If you're on a speakerphone, we do ask that you please pick up the handset before pressing the numbers. Once again, for questions, press one-zero. We'll go to our first question coming from Mike Maugeri with Wolfe Research. Please go ahead, sir.
Hey, good morning. Thank you. Robert, can you talk a little bit more about how you're thinking about doing deals again? What's the level of leverage that you're comfortable with to start doing deals again, and how does the size of those deals sort of flex with where your level of leverage is at?
Thanks, Mike. First, we are rapidly bringing our leverage down. The 2.9 leverage ratio that we currently enjoy is a number that we were really thinking would happen by the end of 2022. Having moved that forward, I think by the end of 2022, we should be in a, what I would say, in an investment grade range. We are. At the present time, we are pursuing bolt-on acquisitions. In the long- term, we would also look at larger acquisitions. What do I mean by large? Anything that goes beyond a couple of billion dollars takes a little time. Even at this time, we can look at those things we take because it takes, like, 10 months to a year to close.
Having said all of that, our longer-term leverage ratio is somewhere between 1.5-2.5. If we get down to 2.5 or less by the end of 2022, we'll be in good shape to do other things.
Great. Thank you. As a follow-up, can you update us on free cash for 2022? Is there any update to the $1 billion number that you put out there for 2023? Thank you.
Yeah. Mike, if I were to guess, I think our 2022 number is something like a little over $900 million. 2023 will still be over $1 billion. We might be able to improve on that as we go along. Right now with what I see or what we see in organic growth, and also CapEx and other expenses, that's about the range.
Got it. Thank you very much.
Thank you, Mike.
Our next question comes from Greg Konrad with Jefferies. Mr. Konrad, please go ahead.
Maybe just to start, I mean, embedded in your guidance, how are you thinking about margins just given maybe some of the one-timers in Digital Imaging in 2021? If you could just give a little bit of granularity around segment margins.
Yeah. Greg, the Digital Imaging, we ended full year at a little over 24%, if you exclude the non-one-time charges. It's a tough comp for us in 2022, and the reason I say that is in Q2, when we acquired FLIR, they have always had a hockey stick sales profile during a quarter. The beginning half of the quarter, they had a lot of costs, which they made up in the second quarter of the quarter as they sold product. What we enjoyed this year was significant increase in the second half of their quarter after we closed the transaction right in the middle of the quarter on May 14. That helped us with the margin.
Having said that, when you strip away all the one-time charges, except for intangibles, we still think we're gonna be in 22%, close to 24%, 23.9%-24%, which is a little less than 21%. You know, we're stripping everything out except intangibles. Those are pretty good margins, and it's probably the result of the fact that we're able to maintain our reduced cost structure that we enjoyed and implemented after the FLIR acquisition. Now, as I said earlier, if we can increase price to better make up for inflation, I think our sales are as robust as they have been, I think our margins will definitely increase.
Maybe just to follow- up on that comment. I mean, you talked about both supply chain and price as kind of if those improve as kind of upside drivers. Is there any way to quantify maybe the impact of what you're seeing there? You know, just in terms of pricing, you know, where could that be most impactful and maybe where you could get some price?
Yeah. Let's start with price increase for us. In 2021, on average, we increased price about 2%, and we had volume increase of 6.2%, and that resulted in the overall organic growth of 8.2%. On the flip side, we had some price increases from our suppliers. We were fortunate in that one because we instituted a very strong procurement program starting in 2019, before the pandemic. Because of that, we also ended up with some good contracts, longer- term contracts with some of our suppliers.
Having said all of that, I think about $2 billion that we buy from our various suppliers in the new Teledyne. I think we are gonna have some price increases from them that are gonna be in the 2%-3%, maybe a little more. We're offsetting that right now in 2022 with our own price increases of 1.5%-2%. Maybe we can do a little better than that. Right now we're predicting, projecting our volume to go up 2.5%-3% on top of the price increase, which goes with the current outlook that I gave you between 4%-5%.
Having said that, if we can increase prices more, and as we go through the year like we did in 2021 and things turn out to be working for us, our organic growth should be better, just like it was in 2021.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Our next question comes from Jim Ricchiuti with Needham & Company. Please go ahead, sir.
I thank you. Robert, I'm wondering if we think about your annual revenue outlook, any sense as to how much of a revenue impact you're seeing, you're anticipating as we think about some of the supply chain challenges that are out there?
I can only do the short- term, Jim. In Q1, the way we're looking at it's probably gonna affect us somewhere about $80 million right now, what we see. Of course, we are working very hard on that one. We have buyers across our company focused on that. But more importantly, we're also using buyers across the globe, specifically more in the Far East, that identify parts for us. So if we have, let's say, 500 parts shortages across the company, they can usually find something around 60%-70% for us, and then, of course, we have to qualify and use them. We also have our semiconductors, board manufacturers. They are also looking for parts for us at the same time.
We have this cooperative activity going on that I think has helped us so far, certainly in 2021. Right now we're looking at $80 million decrement, but as we did in Q4, we'll overcome some of that as we go forward. We've kind of baked that into our projections. I don't think supply chain is gonna kill us as it does in some of the other companies.
Got it. I may have missed it, but you gave some color on the book-to-bill in marine instrumentation. Could you provide some book-to-bill information on some of the other business segments? Just related to your comment about operating margins and Digital Imaging, if we think about some of the business areas that you'd restructured, it would seem like there would be some nice margin expansion opportunity in some of those areas.
Right. Well, let me start with the first part of your question, which is book-to-bill. In the Instrumentation area, book-to-bill is about 1.08, so it's pretty healthy. In Q4 it was higher, it was like 1.16, but you average it out over the four quarters, it's 1.08. The strongest category there being enjoyed by marine. Nevertheless, all of our programs, all of our businesses in the Instrumentation business have in the Instrumentation segment ratios over one. In Digital Imaging, we have about 1.05. Healthier in our historical Digital Imaging, which includes of course DALSA, e2v and other things, that is really doing well. It's about 1.3.
FLIR is less than one, and the reason for that is primarily in the defense businesses, which are both lumpy and also they're not projecting at this time the kind of programs that we anticipate. That's why, by the way, we restructured the management of that business under JihFen Lei, who was, as you know, the acting deputy for research and engineering in Department of Defense, and we think that's gonna come along fine. In A&DE, Aerospace and Defense segment, it was over one, it was 1.04. In Engineered Systems, which is big programs, fairly lumpy, was close to one.
Overall, I'd say if you look at the total company, at the end of 2021, averaged over 2021, we're talking about 1.05, which I think at this time, for us that's a pretty healthy number. Let me go to the second part of your question, which had to do with margins. We have significant margin improvement in all of our businesses, except fairly flat in Engineered Systems in 2021. Let me start with that because the trick is to maintain those margins as we move into 2022 and as we grow. First, in Instrumentation, our margins increased from 2020 to 2021, 218 basis points, and we expect to increase that another 30 basis points to 23.8%. As I mentioned, in Digital Imaging, overall, we have some tough comps.
Our margins may decline just a little bit, maybe 30-40 basis points, but I think as we improve our revenue and pricing, that should take care of that. In Aerospace and Defense, our margins between 2020 and 2021 increased 745%, and we expect to improve that another 80 basis points in 2022. Engineered Systems is the toughest comp we have because we did, you know, exited the turbine engine business, and we think we're gonna have some margin shrinkage there, maybe 40-50 basis points. It's, of course, 48% of the company. Overall, I think total company margins right now, with the organic growth that I projected between 4% and 5%, I think our total margins for the company will improve about 20 basis points to 21.5%.
As I said before, if we can enjoy a little more price increases, and if our revenue goes up just like it did in 2021, then our margins will go up accordingly.
Got it. Thank you.
Thank you.
That does help.
Our next question comes from Kristine Liwag with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.
Thanks. Good morning, guys. Robert, on the parts shortage issue that you mentioned in the supply chain, are trends starting to improve and you're seeing more availability, or are you seeing the issues become more widespread and potentially see more parts affected?
I would say, Kristine, overall, things are improving. There are pockets where things have not improved. Basically, the lead times are increased a little bit. The trick is, of course, to make sure that you build certain products that you're waiting for a single part or two part, build those products and put them on the shelf and be ready to move as soon as you secure the part. That especially becomes important in something like our cameras. We have thousands of cameras that can go out as soon as the part arrives. Because of the efforts, Kristine, that I mentioned before with buyers across the world, especially in the Far East, looking for specifically people dedicated for looking for parts for us, we're able to offset those.
I think overall, the issues across our portfolio, parts shortages are not that important in certain areas like Aerospace and Defense and certain parts of Digital Imaging. For example, some of the people that supply us semiconductor products for our Digital Imaging, that is the people that make various products that we design, they're also our customers. There is a little bit of leverage there in that, you know, what goes around comes around, so we enjoy that leverage. I would say it's a serious matter, but it's not as serious as other companies are suffering from.
Thanks. That's really helpful color. Maybe, as a follow-up question on one of the pricing increases you mentioned. You know, it sounds like you've got efforts in place to pass on this 2%-3% pricing increases from your suppliers and potentially get a little bit more. Can you talk about the competitive environment, what your competitors are doing, and also any feedback from your customers about their price elasticity? Ultimately, I mean, 2%-3% seems pretty low versus the inflation that we're seeing in the overall industry that's more mid-single-digit . I mean, is this a very easy thing for you to be able to accomplish, which is passing that off and getting a margin on top of that?
Kristine, I'm never gonna admit it's easy because if it were easy, then we would enter a different world. What has been happening to us is that we can get price increases where our products have superior performance. If someone is gonna buy a camera that's got very specific requirements for that application, and we provide it, then we can enjoy price increases. In our protocol analyzers and oscilloscopes, where we have very unique positions, we're way ahead of the curve on other people, we can enjoy significant price increases.
On the other hand, if you're making a product in the ambient particulate or ambient air monitoring, and you're in China, and they're emphasizing buy Chinese, and they are not really that interested in paying a high price for a product that's really superior, then you don't have as much price advantage, and you have to compete with what the market dictates. Fortunately for us, Kristine, as you travel across our portfolio of products across the company, because our end markets are so diverse, you get really because of our balanced portfolio, you get some places where you can enjoy serious price increases and some places that you have to stay competitive. What you do is you just focus on cutting costs, focus on improving manufacturing operations.
Great. Thank you very much for the color.
For sure.
Our next question comes from Elizabeth Grenfell with BoA. Please go ahead.
Hi, good morning, everyone.
Good morning.
Good morning. I was hoping you could speak to your operating margins over more of the medium- term. Not just this year, but how we should think about them progressing through, call it, the next 5+ years or five years.
Well, I can tell you that we measured ourselves against the very best-in-class. We've closed our margin gap significantly over the last five years. We have improved margins about 400 basis points. Now, going forward another five years, where I sit here now, I'd say if we can improve 40-50 basis points a year, it'd be great. We'd close the gap very fast. On the other hand, if things go our way, which seems to have gone our way in the past, we could do better than that. Sitting here right now, I'd say 40-50 basis points looking forward.
Thank you very much.
For sure.
Our next question comes from Andrew Buscaglia with Berenberg. Please go ahead.
Morning, guys. I was hoping you could dig a little bit more into Digital Imaging in the quarter. It definitely exceeded my expectations. You made an interesting comment that healthcare sales had a record level of sales. I imagine that's the main driver, but can you just talk about what you saw within that segment?
Yeah. There are two parts to it, Andrew. Of course, there's our legacy Digital Imaging, and there's our new acquisition, Teledyne FLIR. If you would bear with me, I'd like to separate the two for a minute. Then, of course, going forward, we're gonna talk as if they were one. Let me start with our historical Digital Imaging. Without acquisitions, between 2020 and 2021, we enjoyed 15.5%, 15.6% increase in revenue from about $986 million- $1.140 billion. Then if you look at our machine vision within that and cameras, scientific cameras and sensors, that really did well. It was in the fourth quarter, it was 29%. In the fourth quarter, it was about 36%, forgive me.
Overall, during the year was 29%. Healthcare, which, as you know, we make X-rays as well as X-ray source components for the cancer treatment, we had our best quarter we've ever had this year, and it increased 19.5% in Q4 and 15.8% for the year. Then we also had growth in our Aerospace and Defense in that segment. Fourth quarter, about 4.8%. Over the year, about 4.1%. Then MEMS, as you know, our Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems, some factories. We enjoyed about 17.9% for fourth quarter and 12.3%. Fourth quarter was a great quarter. We had a little decline in our geospatial, but that's a very small part of that portfolio. It's only $60 million.
$2 million-$3 million would look like a lot of money, but it essentially didn't grow year-over-year. Now, again, I'm gonna stay with this segment for a while. Looking forward to 2022, at this time, we're projecting about 5.35% growth for next year, something to go to about $1.2 billion. That varies across the various products. A much more moderated increases than we had in 2021. Again, let me caution that it's the beginning of the year, and I can't see, we can't see too far forward to project things much higher than 5%, 5.3% in this domain. Let's go to FLIR for a second.
Overall, before we acquired FLIR, in 2020, they had revenues of about $1.924 billion. Now, of course, that was the year that they really enjoyed the elevated skin temperature products, which contributed about $100 million to that revenue. If you go through 2021 and you add up pre-acquisition and post-acquisition revenue for the whole year for FLIR, it was $1.895 billion. It went down about $29 million, which means that we made up most of that $100 million detriment that we saw in the elevated skin temperature. Which was also reflected primarily in their industrial segment businesses, which went down about $46 million . Next year, we're projecting those businesses to improve by about 5.9%.
Overall, the total business to increase to to $2 billion or increase from where we are today, 5.5% to $2 billion. If you track the defense businesses and Raymarine, et cetera, Raymarine had a great year. That's part of course, the industrial segment, almost 15.9%. We think it moderates about 3% next year. Defense businesses enjoyed some pickup from $768 million- $785 million in 2020 to 2021. But we're projecting another 6.4% increase going into 2022. Almost increases in all areas.
In sum total, we think that our overall Digital Imaging businesses, which would be both of those combined, will be about $3.2 billion in revenue, which would be an increase of about 5%, maybe a little more over this year. Don't know. This is all organic.
Okay. Yeah, very, very helpful. Yeah, so, maybe just switching gears, you know, I was surprised to see, you know, we're seeing a couple quarters now where A&D Electronics have really picked up. I believe you said aerospace is up over 30%. How much of this is just easy comps, or is this a real sign of things, of activity picking up in that area, do you think?
Well, first let me go to the aerospace part. Of course, that's the tilted towards commercial aerospace. That's a small portion of our overall portfolio. It's about $125 million. We took a real beating from 2020 to 2021, from 2019 to 2020. That business just hit the bottom. It went down about $100 million. We took cost out, as we always do. We took the cost out, and some of the comps, therefore, were easy as we come into the new year. That business has grown significantly, and our margins are over 30% because we kept the lower cost and improved the revenue year-over-year.
By and large, the aerospace business, like most of our other businesses, is a small fraction of our overall portfolio. That's why I always kinda emphasize the fact that we like to have a balanced portfolio. Even in Digital Imaging, we have a balanced portfolio between machine vision, healthcare, aerospace, geospatial, thermal, unmanned surveillance, components, etc. None of these businesses get hurt. Going back to Aerospace and Defense, the other thing that's happened is we worked very hard to improve our margins in the defense part of that business. If you look year over year, the margins in our Aerospace and Defense business from 2021 to 2022 because of the good comps, the overall year margin went to 21.3% and increased 745 basis points with respect to 2020.
We think in 2022 we can increase it another 80 basis points. I hope that answered your question.
Yes. Thanks, Robert.
For sure.
Our next question comes from Joe Giordano with Cowen. Please go ahead.
Hey, guys. Does anything, you know, as you look across all the different parts of your business, does anything feel kind of unsustainably high or, and conversely, does anything feel like it's clearly inflecting off of levels and moving higher?
Oh, boy. You would ask that, Joe. I think the only thing I would say, no, nothing looks unsustainably high. That just causes the comps to be a little tougher, right? I mentioned about Digital Imaging. When you kinda hit the ball out of the park, you know, you go up to bat again, you know, you might hit singles rather than hit it out of the park. Some of the later cycle businesses like aerospace, we're enjoying their bumps, and I think that's gonna keep moving, and it's gonna be good. Our marine businesses, you know, we have the best book-to-bill ratio in our instruments is in our marine businesses. We think that's gonna go up significantly.
Again, going back, you look at our overall marine business, which ranges from defense to underwater vehicles, some oil, gas and oil. Overall, it's about $450 million-$425 million this year, maybe over $460 million next year. It's not a big chunk of our portfolio. So if it goes down or up 10%-15%, it doesn't affect us very much. So I don't see things getting out of whack. There are some areas that I think if we do the right things, we're gonna enjoy significant benefits. Let me give you one example. We have about $450 million of unmanned vehicle business portfolio.
About 150 is underwater, but 150 is on the ground, and 150 is on in our drones that we got from FLIR. If we can combine some of those technologies, if we can couple those capabilities together, then I think over the long run, that business can grow much faster than any of the businesses on their own, standalone. That's the kind of stuff that excites me at this time. Can we put those things together and kinda get the kind of bounce that you're talking about?
Yeah. That was gonna be my next question. Like, kinda where do you think I know you don't wanna talk revenue synergies or anything like that with FLIR, but kind of where do you think this can go in terms of, like, an overall pitch of the portfolio? Like, does this, how does the scale help you when you're going to market or bidding certain applications?
Well, you know, you know by now that we're by nature relatively conservative. Let me say that we have managed to take a significant amount of cost out from FLIR. We took as much cost this year as we thought we'd take between this year and next year combined. That business is now stabilized. We're not gonna squeeze that business anymore. We just took a lot of cost out in the whole management, top management, the of course, public company. Then they had zillions of consultants that we don't need. We did all of that without increasing our own corporate budget, which is important. Where else do we have synergies? We have some synergies in costs right there.
The other areas are some of our purchasing powers have improved because of the coupling of the two. Go-to market together is important. I think those synergies are small in each area, but they add up to significant numbers. Let me give you one example. We have a gas and flame business that we bought from 3M. It's a really good business. When we bought it had about 12% margins. Last year, the margins went over 20%. FLIR has a gas detection camera that we're trying to couple the two and sell it together. The same thing goes with enormous number of FLIR commercial products in the thermography business and a lot of our visible cameras, and we're trying to couple those together. FLIR had some mid-market cameras.
We coupled that already with high-end cameras. There are a lot of synergies. I've kinda baked that in so far for next year in our 5.5% overall revenue growth to about $3.2 billion. I think if we have the synergies going forward, it could improve say more than that. Right now, we're trying to keep our costs stable, our cost reductions so that we don't get smacked with some cost increases, and then try and slowly work our synergies as we go forward.
Can I just have you clarify one thing? As we went through a lot of numbers and I was trying to write everything down, I might have missed some stuff. I know that organic is a little bit tricky because part of FLIR is inorganic for the year. If you were to totally segregate these two things, how fast organically do you think FLIR on its own, like the totality of FLIR, is gonna grow in 2022, and then total legacy, ex-FLIR Teledyne?
Yeah.
Where were they in 2021 and where are they in 2022? Just FLIR.
Yeah. Just FLIR. Let me go back to 2020 because that's a good starting position. They were at $1.924 billion in 2020. In 2021, if you take before and after the acquisition, they went down 1.5% to $1.895 billion. That was primarily because they didn't have the elevated skin temperature sales. Okay. If you take that as a basis, $1.895 billion, we're projecting a 5.5% revenue increase in 2022, all organic, to about $2 billion. If you take our legacy Digital Imaging businesses, they went up 15.6% from 2020 to 2021. We don't think that's sustainable at this time. Let me always emphasize at this time.
We think that can go from $1.140 billion-$1.2 billion, which is another 5.3% increase. If you combine the two, you're talking about somewhere between about 5.4% increase in revenue organically, all in. Does that answer the question?
The FLIR margins?
Our FLIR margin is going to go down a little bit primarily because of, as I mentioned before, I don't know if you were on the call there, where the Q2 was.
Yes
Really good because they produced most of that material early in Q2. Their margins are gonna be close to 24%, and our own legacy margins are gonna be about 23.8%, which by the way, that's 200 basis points higher than what we had in 2020. If we can maintain that and increase it together, I think it's gonna be tough. We may have a little reduction in overall margin, let's say 30 basis points, 40 basis points, be close to 24%, which is pretty good, you know. Our margins in Digital Imaging and our Instrumentation are very close to one another as we're projecting in 2022. They're almost 24% each. As I said, in Aerospace and Defense, we've crawled up to 22%. I'm happy with that scenario.
Perfect. Thank you.
Thank you.
Ladies and gentlemen, once again, for additional questions, press one zero. We now go to Noah Poponak with Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.
Hello, everyone.
Hello, Noah.
Robert, could you spend a little more time on exactly why Digital Imaging, legacy ex- FLIR, has had suddenly such high growth rates? I mean, I know the compares are kind of easy, but they're not that easy. It didn't draw down that much in 2020. You know, I understand you've given the detail on what each of the pieces did, and I know the trends in those businesses, but it's sort of an out of nowhere step function in the growth rate that you've had for a few quarters here. If you could just better educate me on what the successes are driving that.
Sure. I'll try not to emphasize brilliant management on Edwin Roks's part because he's sitting here.
Whatever the right answer is, huh?
No. Let me take a couple of pieces of that. When the pandemic hit, our healthcare businesses suffered because a lot of the elective X-ray treatments and even cancer treatments took a significant hit because the hospitals were overloaded. As things eased up a little bit, both our X-ray business and our X-ray source business picked up, and so it enjoyed a 14% increase. That's the highest in the quarter that was up 19.5%. So it averaged about 13.4%. We picked it up as the year went on, and that was really driven by the fact that, you know, people started having more surgeries and treatments, et cetera. In the machine vision business, our inspection businesses went up significantly throughout the year.
If you take our scientific cameras, which are also very important, they are used in all kinds of applications, including looking at details of COVID sources. There you have to have very fast cameras, which we do. It started the year okay, but then it started picking up, and by quarter four, it was over 36%. It's nothing that happened all of a sudden. It was just a slow increase in those businesses as we went along. MEMS, you know, we have a unique capability in both Bromont that when we bought this Micralyne MEMS business. There's a scarcity of independent MEMS foundries, and we are probably one of the top independent foundries in the world.
With the shortages that are happening, customers are coming where they can get stuff and where we can make them. That's helped us a lot too. That overall year-over-year increased 10%, 9.4%, but picked up almost 18% in Q4. It's not any one thing. It's a lot of these little things adding up. What we're trying to do is we're trying to give conservative guidance for 2022 because the comps are so tough.
Right.
As I said before, we have to kinda tiptoe our way through this supply chain issues.
I mean, I guess, you know, it you know, the numbers are impressive, but a decent amount of that detail you gave there is, you know, COVID and some of the movement around that and then supply chain, all of, you know, all of which, you know, hopefully don't last forever, at least to the degree they do today, the impact they have today. Do you worry about, you know, not only a tough compare but then just a resetting back to normal of some of those items, or, you know, you just have enough incremental penetration you can find to keep growing that business?
I think, you know, just to walk out of my shoes, my conservative shoes. I'd be surprised if we don't do better as we go along.
Okay. Okay, great. Then in the FLIR piece, the numbers you've provided on a multi-year basis there, you know, very helpful and transparent. Those are pretty in line with where they were trending and, you know, what the outlook was for the business. It sounds like, you know, we know you haven't, you know, divested anything, and I thought there might have been some pieces in there you didn't quite see as, you know, aligned with Teledyne for the long- term. I thought you might have some stuff that you just kind of let roll off, with a focus on profitability and cash flow. It looks like that hasn't happened, that you've determined, you know, essentially all of legacy FLIR stays with Teledyne. Is that right?
Yes. The answer is yes. By the way, there's a little difference between. You covered FLIR for a long time, so you probably know those businesses historically, the trends better than I do. Having said that, they may have projected revenues, robust revenues year-over-year, but I am not sure how many of them they hit. So when I say $2 billion in 2022, I kind of feel that we can achieve that. Having said that, let's talk about this divestiture issue. You recall that at one time they were thinking of selling their Raymarine businesses.
Right.
Well, we don't, because we have a huge number of marine businesses that fit tightly with that business. We have our whole marine effort with all the capabilities we have in underwater imaging and then our LIDAR businesses. That's a go for us. That business has done very well in 2021, and we're projecting it to grow, and that's not even counting the synergies that we should enjoy in that domain. Frankly, I don't see any parts of that business that we would divest. It's a good portfolio. That's why we paid a dear price for us to get it.
Interesting. Okay. Just one last one, if I might. The Aerospace and Defense Electronics segment margin increased pretty significantly through the year last year, even though you know, the sequential revenue change isn't that significant. Historically, it doesn't quite have that seasonality. I guess, why did it or, you know, should I be thinking about that? Why isn't the margin exiting the year, you know, kind of sustainable in that business?
Well, two reasons, Noah. First, as I mentioned before, the aerospace portion of that business came back because we took the cost out and the revenue, any revenue increase just was really huge gross margins.
Okay.
That increased tremendously. Frankly, in 2020, that was depressed versus 2019. That was depressed because of the cost cutting that we did in the aerospace portion of that. The other thing is on the defense portion of that, we had some really nice programs, and we kind of stabilized that. We have really good new managers up there. That's helped us. Then lastly, in the aerospace part, we're enjoying good aftermarkets. The aftermarket in that domain is pretty good. OEM is coming back. While OEM margins are a little less than we'd enjoy, we'd like to think, especially in 2022 and 2023, with the aftermarket, you know, because they have already our products on the aircraft, we think that'll be good.
Then we have some really exciting new products coming out. Like we've mentioned this, you may recall, we have an on-aircraft air monitoring product that we're introducing. You know, it kind of builds on the air monitoring products that we have in our instrument businesses for outside the aircraft. I think that's gonna be a very good product because, you know, everybody, when you get on an airplane, what's the first thing you worry about nowadays is the quality of the air.
Yeah. Essentially relative to the fourth quarter, you have to bring costs back on compared to the drop through that you experienced in the fourth quarter?
No, I don't think so. I think the mix between OEM and aftermarket, the margins should stay about the same. As we said, in the overall Aerospace and Defense market, we expect an 80 basis point increase in margin, between 2021 and 2022 for the full year.
I appreciate all the detail, Robert. Thanks so much.
Sure, Noah. Thank you.
We have no additional questions in queue. The queue is clear.
Thank you, John. I'll now ask Jason to conclude our conference call.
Thanks, Robert. Again, thanks everyone for joining us this morning. Of course, if you have follow-up questions, please feel free to call me at the number mentioned on the earnings release. Always, all the earnings releases are available on our website. John, if you could conclude the call and provide the replay information. Thank you.
Ladies and gentlemen, this call will be available for replay from 10:00 A.M. Pacific Time today through February 26th at midnight. To listen to the replay, dial 866-207-1041 and enter access code 7478140. International participants can dial 402-970-0847. Once again, those phone numbers are 866-207-1041, and international is 402-970-0847, and the access code is 7478140. That does conclude your conference call for today. Thank you for your participation and for using AT&T event conferencing. You may now disconnect.