Good day, everyone, and welcome to the Credit Acceptance Corporation First Quarter 2020 earnings call. Today's call is being recorded. A webcast and transcript of today's earnings call will be made available on Credit Acceptance's website. At this time, I would like to turn the call over to Credit Acceptance Senior Vice President and Treasurer, Doug Busk.
Thank you. Good afternoon, and welcome to the Credit Acceptance Corporation First Quarter 2020 earnings call. As you read our news release posted on the investor relations section of our website at ir.creditacceptance.com, and as you listen to this conference call, please recognize that both contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Federal Securities law. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control and which could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements. These risks and uncertainties include those spelled out in the cautionary statement regarding forward-looking information included in the news release. Consider all forward-looking statements in light of those and other risks and uncertainties.
Additionally, I should mention that to comply with the SEC's Regulation G, please refer to the financial results section of our news release, which provides tables showing how non-GAAP measures reconcile to GAAP measures. At this time, Brett Roberts, our Chief Executive Officer, Ken Booth, our Chief Financial Officer, and I will take your questions.
As a reminder, ladies and gentlemen, if you'd like to ask a question, please press star then one on your touch-tone telephone. To withdraw your question from the queue, please press the pound key. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. Our first question comes from Moshe Orenbuch with Credit Suisse. Your line is now open.
Great. Can you hear me okay?
We can.
Okay. Thanks, guys. I guess for starters, there's a bunch of new disclosure here, and I'm looking on page 23 of the 10-Q. You've got your delinquency numbers. How should we be taking those into account as we think about your provisioning practices in subsequent quarters?
I think the best thing to do in terms of understanding our provisioning is to look at our forecast of future cash flows and our forecasted collection rate. We think that that information is the most useful relative to assessing credit quality and relative to understanding changes in future cash flows.
Right. Although it's not really helpful in forecasting that loan loss provision, right? It's certainly not the only factor that's involved in that.
I think if we have any shareholders that are still focused on the provision, they need to go back and do some homework. The adjusted results are really what we look at to run the business. That's what shareholders should be looking at when they're trying to make an investment decision. There's no provision in the adjusted results.
Got you. Okay. In terms of your forecasted cash flows, you talked about kind of reducing your expectations by about 2% or in the neighborhood of $200 million. Can you talk about what you've assumed there? In other words, what's going on with respect to your borrowers who are currently receiving stimulus, what you've assumed about what happens when that is no longer in place? How should we think about that part of the process?
Right. As we described in the release, there's really two components to the net cash flow change in the quarter. There's about $44 million, which is just the mechanical forecasting model responding to what happened so far in Q1. Then there's the remainder, about $162 million, is a subjective adjustment made on top of that to consider the ongoing impact of the COVID pandemic. If you look at the release, we provided some numbers on front-end collections and total collections, the year-over-year change. That's probably really the best place to look in the release for what's actually happened so far. There's two tables there. One is just the way the calendar falls, and the other one we adjust for the calendar to make it more comparable.
If you look at the second table, what you'd see is we saw pretty sharp fall off in front-end collections in March, the last two weeks of March. Came back a little bit in April, particularly in the last half of April, and then May so far has been pretty good.
How do we adjust that for the size of the portfolio? I assume that we should think about that as a percentage of loans, right? Not as an absolute amount.
In terms of the forecast change?
No. That's just a rate of change in the dollars collected, right? Year-over-year. That's not relative to your expectations. That's just what was it in 2019 and what is it in 2020, right?
Yeah, just a simple way to look at it. A reasonable assumption would be if you didn't see a change in the collections, then probably no forecast adjustment would be necessary. Since we did see a change in collections in March and April, the March change in collections caused that first part of the forecast I talked about, the $44 million. Because we're in the early stages of a pandemic, we expect there'll be an ongoing impact. We made a subjective adjustment on top of that.
Right. I guess I'll ask the question I asked before about those main numbers. You basically collected 8.5% more on the front end and 4.9% in total. That is helped, as you correctly point out in here, that that's helped by the current situation. Does your write down of 2%, does that assume that that doesn't deteriorate at all? I guess that's what I'm asking.
No, the $44 million is based on what happened so far. The $162 million assumes that there'll be some continuing impact in the future.
Can you talk about how much, like how you came about that forecast?
I don't really want to get into the components. I think you're looking at a highly complex situation. I think we say in the release that, given the number of variables, it's hard to have a great degree of confidence in any number that you would put forth. We took our best shot at it. The $162 million is our best estimate. We do say it's subjective. We'll just have to see how this pandemic transpires, how the economy transpires, how vehicle values respond. There's obviously a lot of variables to try to get your arms around.
Got you. I guess I was hoping to get some understanding of what they were. Last question from me, and that is, if you were the customers you're underwriting today, are they people with employment or are they people who are receiving stimulus checks and unemployment checks? Would you underwrite a borrower who is being paid by the government, essentially?
The vast majority of the borrowers are employed at the time the loan is made.
Got you. Okay, thanks.
Thank you. Our next question comes from John Rowan with Janney. Your line is now open.
Good afternoon, guys. I just want to understand, with the reduction in repossessions, is that a function of forbearance or is that a function of social distancing and various state restrictions?
There's a few states that have restrictions, and we're obviously following all those restrictions. That was a decision that we made to stop repossessions early on in the crisis.
Okay. The vast majority of that would be actually you guys giving out forbearance to the consumers.
Well, we made a decision not to repossess.
Do you still have a six-month net income covenant, positive net income covenant? I believe it might've been on the revolver at some point.
Yes, we still have that covenant.
Okay. That would mean that next quarter you would need to post an earnings larger than or equal to the net loss this quarter not to break that covenant, correct?
Yeah, you need to make some adjustments to the first quarter loss for items that aren't counted there. Yeah, the idea is right. You'd have to have net income adjusted for certain items in Q2 that was greater than the net loss in Q1, adjusted for certain items.
Okay. Just looking at the 10-Q, making sure I'm counting it correctly. It seems like there were three new issues as far as legal disclosures. A New York subpoena, it seems like you've gone back and forth with a new CID from the CFPB and then also something in Maryland. Am I reading that correctly, or are those older issues that you're just updating?
Certainly Maryland and the CFPB are newer issues. New York, I think existed prior to this quarter.
Okay. Just lastly, we've heard from some lenders that when they set their loss expectations and their provision and allowance, they were using the March 31st economic forecasts. A lot of people have said, we were using Moody's forecast of 9% unemployment. I just want to see, were you guys had a hard cutoff at March 31st, or are you treating the post-quarter-end issue as a subsequent event and also including that in your loss estimate or in your provision expense here for the quarter?
We're basically including everything we know up until we released and filed the Q.
Okay. All right. Thank you.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Vincent Caintic with Stephens. Your line is now open.
Hey, thanks. Good afternoon, and thanks for taking my questions. First one. I think something that I've gotten a question from a lot of investors is just when I think about your funding and some of the covenants to the funding. Just wondering if you could talk about if there's any issues there, because there's been some discussion about that maybe with forecasted collections coming down, that could drive some triggers to your securitizations. Any thoughts there, any concerns there?
We have two sets of covenants in our securitization. One relates to early amortization events. Our securitizations revolve for 24 months, after which they amortize. There are
Early amortization events that would cause that revolving period to cease and the amortization period to commence early. That's one set of considerations. The other is termination events, when basically the whole deal would be in default. The early amortization events are set at a higher level than the termination event. In other words, more degradation would have to occur for a termination event to occur as opposed to an early amortization event. The most relevant early amortization event currently is one which would cause the revolving period to cease if cumulative actual collections are less than 90% of cumulative forecasted collections, and that's based on a cash flow stream delivered at closing, if it were less than 90% for three consecutive months. At this point, we've accumulated a nice cumulative cushion on all of our securitizations.
We don't anticipate any near-term difficulties avoiding an early amortization event. That obviously could change in the future, depending on the severity and duration of the pandemic crisis.
Okay, that's very helpful. Your forecasting collection rate was only down 2.3%, which I think is pretty impressive. Is that the best comp against the 10% that you mentioned on the early amortization event?
You got to consider both the amount and timing. It directionally goes the same way, but it's not exact.
Okay, that's very helpful. Thank you. Next question on the competitive environment. Understanding that your volumes are down. Unit volumes seem to be down more than dollar volumes. I'm just wondering if you're seeing in this environment, maybe if some of the loans you're placing in April and May are higher quality than you would have gotten in the past. Because if I remember correctly, back in 2011, your spreads were good and the loan quality was good coming off of the last recession. Just trying to understand what maybe you're seeing now that maybe the bottom of this has been reached.
I think in terms of volume, what you saw in the first quarter is we were flat through February. March was down 20%+ as the pandemic started to impact our dealerships. April was down about the same, the last part of April was a lot stronger than the first part. So far in May, we're up 20%+. In terms of the quality, I think it's too early to say. What happened at the end of the financial crisis, kind of 2008, 2009, was the loans performed better than you would have expected had you just looked at what we knew at loan origination. Couple of reasons for that. One would be kind of reverse adverse selection in a highly competitive environment. We know the loans don't perform as well.
That's because there's a lot of lenders competing for those loans, and so we get adversely selected. As competition thins out, you see the opposite impact. I think that's one reason why the 2008 and 2009 vintages performed so well. The second reason is that when competition thins out, it's very hard for borrowers in our market to get a loan. They know that. They value the loan. We give them more than they would in a more competitive period, and so they're more likely to pay for it. They probably realize that getting another loan, if they don't pay for this one, would be difficult. Whether we'll see those two things play out this time or not, it's just too early to say.
Okay. Very helpful. Last question from me. There are some concerns about the auctions being closed. Does that have much of an impact to your forecasted collections going forward? Thank you.
I'm sorry, what? I didn't catch the question. Could you hear him?
Sorry.
About the auctions.
Yeah, the auctions being closed. Does that have a material impact on your overall collections?
Well, right now we're not repossessing cars. We had an inventory that was at the auction when the crisis started. A lot of the auctions are actually open. They're doing virtual sales. We were able to liquidate some of the inventory that we had at the start of the crisis. We aren't adding to it now. It really isn't an issue. You'll see a timing difference. You can see that in the tables that we put in the release. Because we're not repossessing cars and we're not seeing those auction proceeds at their usual level, total collections have fallen more than front-end collections. We provided all those numbers. When we start repossessing vehicles again, you'll see some of that flip around. The other issue you have there is that the values that you're getting at auction aren't what they were before the crisis.
One of the big variables that will determine what the actual collections are is how long will it take for those values to rebound, and to what extent will that occur?
Okay. That's very helpful. Thank you very much.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Randy Heck with Goodnow Investment. Your line is now open.
Brett, first, Brett and the team. I want to say this quarter was pretty damn good relative to what I would have expected or probably anyone would have expected in terms of both collections, most importantly collections, but also origination. First question is the new chart you have in there for the percent. Not to mention the back end of May, the back end collections were up 7.3. Does that mean that you're now repossessing cars or is it something else?
I didn't hear all that, Randy, but I think I heard enough of it to try to give you an answer.
Why are collections better in May than they were in January and February?
I think a couple things. People got behind in March and April, and then I think you have to assume that the stimulus money that people received, possibly in addition to the enhanced unemployment benefits, gave people enough cash flow to be able to make their payments. Having said that, I think if you'd asked me in the third week of March whether I think May collections would be growing faster than they were in January and February, I would have said, "No. That could never happen." I do think you're right that so far what's transpired is far from a worst case scenario.
Okay. The volumes, I thought January, February, flattish as against Well, that reflected the old competitive environment, but May being up 22%, does that reflect any changes in your pricing? Whether it's you loosen pricing or did you do the opposite?
I prefer not to get into pricing discussions, but as we said in the release, really the two reasons why we believe that May volumes are better than the prior months. One is you started to see dealers open back up again. That's not going to lead obviously to a year-over-year increase because they were open last year. I do think the stimulus money that's out there had an effect on our market. It's certainly possible, we don't know this at this point, that the competitive environment has improved.
Okay. The last thing I had was the estimated negative cash flow impact from the quarter. Normally when you have negative variance in pools, you estimate that number. You estimate at that point in time for the life of the loan, the remaining life of the loan. That's the $44 million that you noted. The $130 million, just so I understand that's over and above what you would normally be suggesting is going to be the hit over the life of the loan for the entire portfolio, for the balance of the life of the portfolio. Is that correct?
Yeah. I'd say it a little bit differently. The $44.3 million, that's the model responding to what occurred in March. We had obviously lower collections in March. Second half of March in particular, people weren't making their payments. The model looks at that and says, "Okay, the customer missed their payment. I'm going to look at all the historical data that looks like that customer that missed their payment, and it's going to reduce the estimated cash flows for the life of that loan." It's just the model responding to what happened already in March. The model doesn't necessarily know about COVID-19.
It doesn't look out and say, "Well, not only did that customer miss that payment in March, but they're going to have continued difficulty in the future because of the uncertain economic environment." That's where we have to go in, and we have to make an adjustment on top of the model because we know the model doesn't consider the ongoing effect of the pandemic. That's what the $162 million is.
Okay.
If you look back in 2008, we made a similar series of adjustments. I think one in the second quarter of 2008 and one in the fourth quarter of 2008. About the same magnitude if you add the two numbers together in the low 2%. Those adjustments we made in 2008 turned out to be appropriate. If you look back on it, they were pretty accurate. Not to say the one we made this quarter will be accurate. I think it's too early to tell. We don't think it's zero on top of the $44 million. We don't think the model incorporated everything bad that's going to happen in the future. There's just too many uncertainties to have a lot of confidence that the $162 million is the exact right number.
Okay. Essentially, it turns out to be the number plus the 44. We're talking $15 a share, more or less. It's the cost of the crisis. It's not an ongoing cost, but it's the cost of the crisis. Going forward, other things being equal, if we can rely on history, the competitive environment is going to be substantially better here on out for some period of time. Just the last point I wanted to make was, Brett, once again, you wrote a beautiful letter to shareholders. I suggest anybody that is interested in Credit Acceptance just read the letter, and a lot of these questions that are being asked on the call will be answered. Thank you.
Thanks, Randy.
Thank you. Our next question comes from John Hecht with Jefferies. Your line is now open.
Thanks very much for answering my question, guys. Good afternoon. I just want to make sure I understand the difference now between the GAAP and then adjusted earnings. I mean, we've always been accustomed to the floating yield adjustment. Effectively, what you're doing now, just to make sure I've got my kind of ducks in order, do I add back the entire provision? To the extent you're going to make adjustments in your cash flow collections, that would affect yield on a going forward basis? In effect, take yields down a little bit going forward because of the loss of your expected cash flows, or is that the right kind of formula to deploy to this?
Yeah. I mean, that's the way that we look at it. As we run the business, we use the adjusted results. If we have a negative cash flow change, that reduces the yield. I think we disclose that on the second page of the release in the adjusted results section. That's how we look at it. I think if you're trying to use the GAAP results to understand the economics of the business, I think it's very, very challenging to try to do that.
Okay. That's helpful. Thank you. Did you guys disclose, or do you have plans of when you're going to get back in the market for repossessions? Second is, how much of your overall cash flows are reliant upon repossession-like activity?
We haven't made any announcement in terms of how we plan to pursue repossessions in the future. In terms of percentage of our total cash flows, somewhere around 6%, 7% is repossession proceeds.
Okay. I'm wondering, I mean, it's pretty impressive that you guys likely went from a largely intact call center-focused collections to, I imagine, a large degree of work-at-home collections. Were collections, was productivity impacted at all? Maybe if you could just give us some commentary about the adjustment to distant collections versus all in one center and how you guys adjusted so rapidly?
I would say overall, extremely pleased with that transition. The team was able to react very early. It went very smooth, not just in the collections area, but really in every area of the business. We got a great culture. We got great people that are adjusting to a different work environment really in an extraordinary way. Couldn't be happier with how all that went.
Okay. Appreciate that. Thank you.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Arjun Tuteja with Jarislowsky Fraser. Your line is now open.
Hey, Brett. First of all, congratulations on getting featured on Lawrence Cunningham's book, "Dear Shareholder." He talks about all the CEOs which write good shareholder letters, and you made it there, so I think it's well deserved. Congrats on that.
Thank you.
My question is about your latest shareholder letter, which came out earlier this month. When I compare it to your 2007 letter, which came out in March 2008, it seems you are a bit more cautious this time around. You talk about decreasing economic profit, and you didn't talk a lot about competitors pulling back, though the last recession pointed out to different things, and I think you were optimistic in your 2008 letter. Can you help me in understanding the difference the way you are seeing it?
Yeah, I don't know. I'd have to go back and read the prior letter. I don't know if I'm more or less optimistic. We're in the early innings of what is a very significant challenge. So far, I think there's certainly room for optimism when you look through the results from the first quarter. You have to remember, it's very, very early. This is something that is without precedent. We don't know how it's going to unfold. I think if it came through on my letter that I'm cautious, that is an accurate reflection of how I feel.
Okay. Do you see, say, unemployment going up, one thing? Unemployment went up in 2008 as well. Would this jump make you more cautious than last time just because the number is higher as it is right now?
Yeah, I think so. I think that crisis played out over a longer period of time. You had more time to react to what you were seeing. This crisis is much different. Not only is the magnitude much greater, but the time period has been greatly compressed. Again, I don't think there's a historical period you can look at and say, "Yep, it's going to play out exactly like that historical period." The financial crisis is as close as you get, but I don't think it's comparable enough to make me feel like caution isn't warranted.
Okay. Thank you.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Sanjay Sen with Bloomberg. Your line is now open.
Guys, just a couple of questions here. Brett, I know you said you didn't want to talk about pricing for you in specific, but if you could say anything at all about what you're seeing in the marketplace regarding pricing, that'd be interesting. I had a bit of a housekeeping question for Doug there on the question on covenants and the revolver and net income. I just wanted to know, I think, a couple of quarters ago, you mentioned how lenders were using your adjusted net income numbers. I think Doug alluded to that there. When we see the positive adjusted net income this quarter, is that really what they're going to use and therefore you're well on side of any covenant issues with the revolvers?
Yeah. I don't really have any insight. Go ahead, Doug.
No, you go ahead.
I mean, I don't really have any insight into how others are approaching their business from a pricing perspective. It's just too early. There's a lot going on. Customers have money because of the stimulus. You had a period where the dealerships were closed, so you might have some pent-up demand. You have dealers that were gradually opening during the latter part of April and May. You have the competitive environment. Breaking out all those factors at this point, I just don't have enough information to be able to give you much color on that.
Sure. Okay.
Relative to the adjusted numbers, the adjusted numbers are used to determine the value of the loan asset for our borrowing basis on our revolving credit facilities. They are not the basis for the covenant that John Rowan inquired about earlier, the dollar of minimum net income for two consecutive quarters. That's not the way that covenant is calculated.
Got you. All right. Thank you.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Robert Wildhack with Autonomous Research. Your line is now open.
Hey, guys. A question on borrower health and unemployment specifically. When we've gone through previous downturns, you'd have borrowers who could find work, just maybe not the ideal level or at lower levels. This time you have a different situation. Not only is unemployment significantly higher, but you're going to have people who are reluctant to return to work for safety reasons. You're going to have industries totally changing the way they operate. How do you think about those things in this new environment and factor that in when you're forecasting collections?
Yeah, I think your description of what's going to happen in the future is certainly one opinion. You say it with a lot more certainty than any opinion I would have on that. I don't really know how the economy's going to unfold. I don't even know how the health aspect of this crisis is going to unfold. I think it's very difficult to pick a specific scenario and say, "What do you think of that scenario?" I think you're in a period, as much as everyone would like to see first quarter results where we say, "Here's the number. This is the impact of the crisis. We got that all figured out." It's just not possible at this point. It's just one of those situations where we're going to have to see how this unfolds over time.
As the impact evolves, our forecasts will get more precise, and we'll be able to look back on it and say, "This is the impact." I think it's just too early to say that at this point.
Okay. Maybe to try and hit on the same thing in a different way. Is there any more color you can give us on how we can connect what you're seeing today quantitatively, qualitatively in the economy and in your borrowing base that can translate to the adjustments you've made to your collections?
Yeah. You'll have to ask that a different way. I didn't quite follow.
Okay. We can call up offline. Thanks.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Benjamin Weinger with 3-Sigma Value. Your line is now open.
Hi. I'm looking at your board of directors on your website, and it's comprised of four members. I see Brett, the CEO, two guys affiliated with Prescott General Partners, which is your largest and longest-standing investor for over 20 years, and Glenda, who's been with you since 2004. I guess my question is, as a Nasdaq-listed company, what are the requirements for the independence of a board of directors, and specifically for an audit committee?
You'd have to look that up on the Nasdaq website. I don't know what that is off the top of my head. I'm sure that we comply.
You're sure that you comply? How about, do you have anyone else on the line here who can confirm what the requirements are for independences?
No, that's not I mean, call your lawyer.
Is your lawyer on there? Nobody knows?
You're asking me a legal opinion. I mean, go look it up. I'm sure we comply.
Okay. Thanks. That's all I have.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Giuliano Bologna with BTIG. Your line is now open.
Good afternoon. Thanks for taking my questions. One of the other tests in your bond indentures is your fixed charge coverage ratio, which is impacted more so on a cumulative basis, looking back on a 12-month basis. It really is measured with an EBITDA metric that's really on a GAAP basis. If you saw another revision similar to the 2008 scenario, you would probably trigger that, which would dramatically restrict your ability to take on any debt. Is there any kind of way to think about that covenant and how you could navigate around it?
You're referring to our senior notes?
That's correct, yes.
Yeah. The covenants in the senior notes are based on the accounting that was in effect at the time of issuance for the first one. Well, for both of them. The operative GAAP there is the GAAP that we were operating under last year.
That makes sense. I guess one of the other things I'd be interested to get a little bit of perspective on, when we look at the securitization transactions, one of the levers that you do have is that you have the ability to over-collateralize certain transactions and effectively push more assets into certain transactions. Have you started doing that in any of the transactions at this point?
We've done that on a limited basis.
That makes sense. I guess on another different point. You have that table that I believe Moshe was referring to around your collection rates. One of the things that I'm trying to get a little bit of perspective on there, it looks like your average loan balance, if I run more of an average balance, is up 11%-12% in the first quarter of this year versus the first quarter of last year. You have that kind of adjustment that I guess levelizes it doesn't seem to kind of foot directly with the 12% number, I'm assuming that's more so related to kind of strong originations in the May timeframe. If we think about those numbers, with that in mind, it looks like 4.9% up is net.
Net may be down if your loan size is up 12% or so, in that ballpark. Kind of as a second point, if I look at a lot of the unemployment collections and the stimulus checks, most of that came in in April, and you had some very large catch-up payments for a lot of the deferred and delayed unemployment checks. Do you think that had more of an impact in terms of getting delinquent borrowers to temporarily re-perform, or was the impact different in terms of your ability to get better credit performance?
Yeah, I think it's very difficult to say. You had both of those occurring at the same time. You had customers that had missed their payments. You had the additional cash flow from the stimulus and potentially enhanced unemployment. As a result of all those factors, we saw a rebound in collections in the last half of April and in May.
That makes sense. The only other thing is, thinking about originations, is there any perspective on how you want to manage your originations going forward? The main reason why I ask that is that if you continue up 20% versus last year, just the allowances alone could significantly impair your earnings stream and kind of get you closer to that fixed charges covenant, in my model at least. Obviously not your numbers. I'd be interested in kind of seeing how you think about those types of impacts, and would you go out and try to do some sort of consent to change any of the covenants?
Doug, do you want to?
Yeah. We don't want to have the accounting dictate how we run the business. We want to run the business looking at the economics of the business. If running the business the right way would cause us to potentially encounter a covenant issue in our revolving credit facilities, then we'd prefer to run the business the right way and have a conversation with our lenders explaining why that's the prudent thing to do.
That makes sense. That's very helpful. I appreciate that, and thank you for answering my questions.
Thank you. Our next question comes with Thomas Shen with GoldenTree. Your line is now open.
Hi. In terms of repossessions, I guess, what are the kinds of things that you're looking for before you're going to feel comfortable going forward with that?
Well, certainly, one thing is in the several states that do have restrictions, you obviously want to make sure that those restrictions are lifted. I think the rest of that decision is a judgment call that we'll make internally, and we'll look at the degree to which the economy is open and people are employed in specific areas and try to make a subjective decision that is both right for ourselves and right for the borrowers. There's no scientific formula that would tell you precisely when you ought to start repossessing, and I don't think one approach works for everywhere.
Would you go state by state?
I think it's a customer-by-customer decision. In a lot of ways, it's not really different than what we have done historically. You're trying to work out an arrangement with the customer, if you can, that keeps them in the vehicle. That's always the best case for the customer and for us. If there comes a point where the customer is just unable to pay for the vehicle, at a certain point in time, you have to make the decision to repossess. The state-by-state certainly comes in. If there's specific orders in a given state, we obviously would follow those orders.
Got it. Thank you.
Thank you. Our next question comes from David Scharf with JMP Securities. Your line is now open.
Hi. Good afternoon, and thanks for taking my questions. Most have been answered. I was wondering if there was any color you could provide on the May volumes. There's likely to be some pent-up demand included in that increase. Brett, I'm wondering, do you get feedback from your dealers about, for lack of a better term, something the equivalent of a take rate? You're on a different origination kind of platform. You had mentioned it may be a little too early to make any comments or conclusions about whether the competitive environment may be easing up. Do you get a sense whether or not in the May volumes your dealers were finding kind of fewer alternative financing options and that competition may be easing?
You have an anecdotal sense, but I'm reluctant to comment on the competitive environment until you have data that you can look at. You have pent-up demand, you have stimulus money, you have dealerships reopening, and potentially you have a change in the competitive environment, but it's just too early to try to say how much of each impacted the May volumes. I guess even if you concluded the competitive environment had gotten easier in May, you still wouldn't know how long that would last. I'm not sure it would do you a lot of good.
No, obviously, we're all kind of grasping for early indicators. I guess as just a follow-up, similar topic, is there any anecdotal information to share on, I guess, the overall health of the dealer network, particularly the independents, maybe the roughly 2/3 of the base that are independents? Are you aware of any attrition thus far among independent dealers through the crisis? Is it still early and most are hanging on?
Yeah, I think it's still too early to say there. I'm sure that like every business there, or like most businesses, I should say, they're under a lot of stress because of the environment that we're in.
Got it. Okay. Thank you very much. That's all I have.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Vincent Caintic with Stephens. Your line is now open.
Hey, thanks for the follow-up. Two questions. First, for that six-month net income covenant, could you let us know what are the exclusions or what are the takeouts from net income to come to that covenant?
Basically, the biggest one would be non-recurring gains or losses. You've got a $7 million pre-tax number this quarter. There's a couple other things that are less significant. At the end of the day, it's not based on the current quarter's results. Those adjustments, excuse me, aren't real material.
Okay. That's helpful. Second follow-up. I understand that forecasts are difficult and the collections forecast is based at the end of March, and CECL makes things even more volatile. March volumes and payment collections were deteriorating. When I think about the disclosures you gave with May, it's getting a lot better. I'm wondering if we're using the data that we're seeing in May, could you actually see some of these numbers go in the positive direction? Meaning your forecasted collections being better than that 2.3% hit you're forecasting currently, and then from a CECL basis, maybe going the other direction with a release.
Conceivably, I think, again, it's just too early to tell. A lot of variables out there. As Brett said, I think it's really early. We'll just have to see how it goes. Certainly, results in the latter part of April and in May have been encouraging. There are a lot of variables out there, so we'll just have to see how that plays out.
Okay. Understood. Thanks very much.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Harold Levy with MCA Realty. Your line is now open.
Hi, guys. Thanks so much for the time. I just have one question on the financials. Looking at the cash flow statement, net cash from operating activities is pretty much equivalent to same time last year. Looking at the balance sheet, it looks like cash and cash equivalents have been drawn down significantly from $187 million to $25 million approximately. I'm just trying to tie out those two things and what's caused the significant cash decrease in the quarter.
I think the current quarter, if you look over a long period of time, is more reflective of how we've tended to run the business over time. We try to operate with less unrestricted cash as opposed to more because of the negative carry. We rely on our revolving credit facilities as our primary source of liquidity. I think, the amount we were sitting on in cash and cash equivalents last year is unusually high just due to some financing activity that occurred in the latter part of last year.
Got it. That makes sense. On the cash flow statement, which, if I'm reading this incorrectly, that's fine, but the net cash isn't really impacted, but the cash equivalents have gone down so much in the quarter. Am I missing something there, or how does that tie with one another?
I guess I don't really follow the question.
Yeah. It looks like you guys utilized a lot of cash in the quarter for deployment, which is great. The net cash slightly increased with the adjustment. Obviously, on an unadjusted basis, it would be a large negative number, but with the adjustment to the same time last year, it's pretty much the same or slightly higher. I'm just struggling to understand how so much cash has been utilized effectively-
Yeah.
I'm sure. The net cash has increased slightly.
Well, there were one unusual transaction that occurred during the quarter, and that's we repaid about $400 million in long-term debt. We also bought back about $300 million in stock during the quarter.
Okay. That's all. Thank you so much.
Thank you. Our next question comes from Mark Hammond with Bank of America. Your line is now open.
Thanks. Brett , Ken, and Doug. I noticed there was an increase in the share of the mix rather towards more purchase originations. I was just wondering what the cause of that was for the first quarter.
No specific reason. It could just be that franchise dealers got a little larger share of the consumer traffic during the pandemic. Franchise dealers, especially the larger franchise groups, tend to prefer the Purchase Program. That may be the reason, although we don't know that for absolute certain.
Cool. Yeah. That makes some sense. That's what happened. Lastly, I know you mentioned stock repurchases. Since I am a high-yield analyst, I have to ask if you've ever considered repurchasing some high-yield bonds with both of them around 90 as of yesterday.
Not really. Never say never, but I think our primary focus is investing in new loans and secondarily buying back stock. We think that's the best use of shareholders' capital.
Yeah. I appreciate the answer. Thanks, guys.
Thank you. As a reminder, to ask a question, you will need to press star then one on your touchtone telephone. To withdraw your question from the queue, please press the pound key. Our next question comes from John Rowan with Janney. Your line is now open.
Hey, guys. Thanks for the follow-up. Just connecting a couple of things you said, Doug. Why contribute more collateral on, as you said, on a limited basis to some facilities if you weren't close to triggering an early amortization event? As far as I know, that is the cure for a shortfall in that 90% collection threshold.
Well, you couldn't violate the early amortization test. If cumulative actual collections were less than 90% of cumulative forecast, that would lead to an early amortization event. You couldn't cure that by contributing additional collateral. You would have to basically proactively contribute excess collateral to securitizations to avoid breaching that trigger in the first place.
Is that why you contributed excess collateral to, as you said, a limited number of facilities during the quarter?
We contributed to the more recently issued securitizations. The reason being is they've been outstanding for a shorter period of time and have had less time to build up a cumulative cushion versus the forecast.
Does that create a liquidity event for you guys? If we continue to have negative revisions to forecasted collections, will you continue to build in additional collateral, and then with the potential breach of a covenant on the revolver, how does that end if you, in fact, need to lean back on your revolver for liquidity if you're losing advance out of the ABS facilities?
We have over $1 billion in unused and unencumbered collateral at the current time. We're in a very strong position in terms of excess collateral. All our securitizations are performing better than expected at this point. At this point, the securitizations aren't a near-term concern. Very happy with the performance there. As you suggested that minimum net income potentially may be a concern. If it is, we'll have a conversation with the banks about it.
Okay. Thank you.
Thank you. With no further questions in the queue, I would like to turn the conference over to Busk for any additional or closing remarks.
We'd like to thank everyone for their support and for joining us on our conference call today. If you have any additional follow-up questions, please direct them to our investor relations mailbox at ir@creditacceptance.com. We look forward to talking to you again next quarter. Thank you.
Once again, this does conclude today's conference call. We thank you for your participation.