Good morning. My name is Jesse. I'll be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the second quarter 2017 earnings conference call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speaker's remarks, there'll be a question and answer session. If you'd like to ask a question, please press star, then the number 1 on your telephone keypad. If you'd like to withdraw your question, please press the pound key. Thank you. Dennis McDaniel, Investor Relations Officer, you may begin your conference.
Hello, this is Dennis McDaniel from Cincinnati Financial. Thank you for joining us for our second earnings conference call. Late yesterday, we issued a news release on our results along with our supplemental financial package, including the quarter end investment portfolio. To find copies of any of these documents, please visit our investor website, cinfin.com/investors, and the shortest route to the information is the quarterly results link in the navigation menu on the far left. On today's call, you'll first hear from Steve Johnston, President and Chief Executive Officer, and then from Chief Financial Officer, Mike Sewell.
At that time, some responses may be made by others in the room with us, including Chief Insurance Officer for The Cincinnati Insurance Company, J.F. Scherer, Chief Investment Officer, Marty Hollenbeck, Chief Claims Officer for The Cincinnati Insurance Company, Marty Mullen, and Senior Vice President of Accounting for The Cincinnati Insurance Company, Theresa Hoffer. First, please note that some of the matters to be discussed today are forward-looking. These forward-looking statements involve certain risks and uncertainties. With respect to these risks and uncertainties, we direct your attention to our news release and to our various filings with the SEC. Our reconciliation of non-GAAP measures was provided with the news release. Statutory accounting data is prepared in accordance with statutory accounting rules, and therefore, it is not reconciled to GAAP. I'll turn over the call to Steve.
Good morning, and thank you for joining us today to hear more about our second quarter results. We are pleased to report second quarter 2017 operating results that outperformed last year's second quarter. Our 98.3% property casualty combined ratio for the second quarter of this year was a full point better than a year ago. It's also important to note that 98.3% was an improvement from the first quarter of 2017, despite an unfavorable effect from higher catastrophe losses. On a basis before catastrophe effects, our second quarter 2017 combined ratio was better than both the first quarter of this year and the fourth quarter of last year. We believe these improving trends bode well for the second half of 2017.
Other good news for the second quarter of 2017 includes another solid quarter for our investment results and premium growth that continues to outpace the industry. Our associates continue their steady efforts to support the outstanding local independent agents who represent Cincinnati Insurance as they carefully underwrite each policy and provide personal service to agents and their clients. We believe we'll continue to see benefits over the long term from our various initiatives designed to support profitable growth in each of our insurance segments. Our commercial line segment grew net written premiums 2% and returned to producing an underwriting profit in the second quarter and for the first half of the year. Overall, commercial lines estimated average pricing improved slightly from the first quarter of 2017, most notably for commercial auto. As Mike will explain further, our commercial casualty line of business returned to a more typical level of profitability.
Although a high level of catastrophe losses continues to challenge our personal line segment, it reported another quarter of nice growth for both middle market and high net worth premiums. Estimated average pricing for personal lines in total was in line with the first quarter of 2017, again, with significant personal auto rate increases where needed. Our excess and surplus line segment reported another excellent quarter, including a combined ratio of 66.2% and premium growth of 20%. Cincinnati Re logged another quarter of strong underwriting results with steady premium growth and a combined ratio just under 80%. The third quarter of 2017 marks 2 years since Cincinnati Re began assuming risks and generating premiums.
Through the second quarter of this year, its cumulative net underwriting profit totaled $20 million on $183 million of net written premiums and an estimated combined ratio of 81%. Our life insurance subsidiary continued its steady contribution to net income while growing second quarter 2017 term life insurance earned premiums by 8%. The steady growth of our life company, our E&S company, and our Cincinnati Re diversifies our business, helping to smooth results over time. Our primary measure of financial performance, the value creation ratio, was 3.2% for the second quarter and 7.0% for the first half of the year. We are on pace for another year that reaches our long-term target of 10% to 13% annual average. Each day brings new challenges to insurance companies.
We see them as opportunities for our associates to compete and to deliver value to agencies and policyholders. We know that can translate into long-term shareholder value. Next, our Chief Financial Officer, Mike Sewell, will highlight other key areas of our financial performance and financial condition.
Great. Thank you, Steve, thanks to all of you for joining us today. I'll start my remarks with some highlights of our investment results. Second quarter 2017 was our 16th consecutive quarter of investment income growth, rising 1% for the quarter and 2% for the first six months. As in recent quarters, both interest and dividend income growth contributed to growth. Our equity portfolio again reported growth in unrealized gains, up 6% for the quarter to nearly $2.6 billion. The bond portfolio's pretax average yield was 4.42% for the second quarter of 2017, down 22 basis points from last year's second quarter. Taxable bonds purchased during the second quarter of 2017 had an average pretax yield of 3.75%, and purchased tax-exempt bonds averaged 3.33%, for a blended yield of 3.53%.
Our bond portfolio's effective duration at June 30th was 5.2 years, matching March 31st, up slightly from five years at the end of December. Cash flow from operating activities continued to provide funds for our investment portfolio. Funds generated from net operating cash flows for the first six months of 2017 totaled $445 million, down $54 million or 11% from the first half of last year. An $85 million increase in catastrophe losses paid this year was a key contributor to the decrease. Careful management of expenses continues to be a priority, including investing strategically in our business. Our second quarter 2017 property casualty underwriting expense ratio improved slightly, and the six-month ratio was in line with a year ago. Next, I'll comment on reserves. We again experienced net favorable development on prior accident years as we apply a consistent approach to setting overall reserves.
For the second quarter of 2017, favorable reserve development benefited our combined ratio by 3.2 percentage points. That was down 1.2 points from a year ago, fairly close to the 3.5 points we averaged over the past three calendar years. Our largest line of business, commercial casualty, returned to experiencing favorable reserve development for the second quarter of 2017. With a ratio of 2.5%, that line was similar to its longer-term ratios, which averaged 2.6 points over the past three calendar years. Our commercial casualty second quarter 2017 loss and loss expense ratio of 57.7%, combined with an estimated underwriting expense ratio of 32 or so, indicates an estimated combined ratio of just under 90%.
Favorable reserve development for the first six months of 2017 continued to be spread over most of our major lines of business over several accident years, including 51% for accident year 2016, 12% for accident year 2015, 15% for accident year 2014, and 22% for 2013 and prior accident years. Touching briefly on capital management, our approach and financial strength remained stable. During the second quarter, we repurchased 800,000 shares at an average price per share of $69.73. As usual, I'll conclude with a summary of contributions during the second quarter to book value per share. They represent the main drivers of our value creation ratio. Property casualty underwriting increased book value by $0.09. Life insurance operations added $0.07. Investment income other than life insurance and reduced by non-insurance items contributed $0.41.
The change in unrealized gains at June 30th for the fixed income portfolio, net of realized gains and losses, increased book value per share by $0.29. The change in unrealized gains at June 30th for the equity portfolio, net of realized gains and losses, increased book value by $0.54. We declared $0.50 per share in dividends to shareholders. The net effect was a book value increase of $0.90 during the second quarter to a record $44.97 per share. Now I'll turn the call back over to Steve.
Thanks, Mike. In closing our prepared remarks, I'd like to share some additional positive news about our company. In June, S&P Global Ratings affirmed its A+ financial strength rating for our standard market and life insurance subsidiaries. In April, AM Best affirmed with a stable outlook its rating of A, Excellent, for The Cincinnati Life Insurance Company. We were also pleased to be recognized for a sixth time by Forbes magazine as one of the most trustworthy financial companies in America and to be included in the Fortune 500 for the second consecutive year. Our solid performance combined with this news gives us confidence that Cincinnati Financial is on track to deliver shareholder value far into the future. We appreciate this opportunity to respond to your questions and also look forward to meeting in person with many of you during the remainder of the year.
As a reminder, with Mike and me today are J.F. Scherer, Marty Mullen, Marty Hollenbeck, and Theresa Hoffer. Jesse, please open the call for questions.
At this time, I would like to remind everyone, in order to ask a question, please press star and then the number one on your telephone keypad. We will pause for just a moment to compile the Q&A roster. Your first question comes from Arash Soleimani with KBW. Your line is open.
Thanks. Good morning.
Good morning, Arash.
Morning. Do you have high net worth premiums in force? I think you had $7 million of new business, I just wanted to get the in-force number.
We have, let's see here, estimating for the first half of the year, we have about $180 million in the high net worth segment.
Thanks. I saw that commercial casualty, as you mentioned, turned favorable this quarter. I guess, just looking at the loss environment more broadly, are you seeing, year-over-year, any changes in inflation trends? Are you seeing juries awarding higher awards or any changes in that sense?
No, we haven't. We haven't noticed that, to tell you the truth.
Okay. All right, great. Thank you for the answers.
Thank you, Arash.
Your next question comes from Scott Heleniak with RBC Capital Markets. Your line is open.
Hi, thanks. Good morning.
Good morning.
I was just wondering, the E&S unit had a very good performance again. I just wonder if you could go into any detail on some of the lines or the industry sectors where you're seeing the performance where that's really standing out in terms of lines.
Did you say in the E&S segment?
Yes.
It's largely casualty and casualty driven. We do point out that, I don't know, with 40%, 45% of the risk that we write an E&S policy on, we might have a standard Cincinnati policy. There are a lot of situations where we'll write the property on a standard basis through Cincinnati Insurance, the casualty through the E&S company with appropriate terms and conditions. The largest percentage of the premium is in casualty in the E&S company.
Okay. Then just wondering, E&S too, if you could talk about some of the submission flow. I'd imagine you're getting a lot more looks at business given where the size of Cincinnati is. Just wondering if you might be able to comment on what you're seeing as far as new submission flow.
Scott, this is J.F. Scherer. Yeah, the submission flow is up this year. We're pleased about that. To tag onto Steve's comments a little bit earlier, I guess the classification, if you will, of the business we're writing is kind of reflective of a generalist approach that our agencies take. We don't really have a strategy of going after a line of business or an industry classification. We're pleased that 44% of what we write in the E&S is attached to a P&C account. Our agencies write closing in on $3 billion in E&S business in their agencies in total. What we're trying to do just with the model we have is just to continue to compete for primarily that book of business that they already have.
We think we've got a pretty good value proposition on the E&S side, and do what we can to write that seasoned business that's within those agencies right now. We're very pleased with the submission flow. There's a lot of competition, particularly in larger accounts in the E&S where carriers are taking accounts out of the E&S business into the standard market. We've got a pretty conservative appetite in this. I guess in some respects, we play on the fringe of E&S versus standard. It's not surprising that some of our accounts would go back into the standard market during a softer market the way that it is right now. Notwithstanding the fact we're losing some of that business to the standard market where the submission flow obviously has been very good, which has allowed us to grow nicely.
Okay. I'm just wondering on the commercial lines, the accident year loss ratio, it looked like that was up mostly because of property. Was there anything unusual in there? Was that just kind of an uptick in non-cat weather? Do you see any kind of large losses or anything in the quarter?
No, Scott, that was a good observation. I think if you compare the ex-cat accident year, we had a very favorable quarter a year ago in the property, with a 36.3% loss ratio. The 49.7% that we're posting this year is right in line with what you would normally expect. Maybe one other area where there would be some large losses if we look to the personal lines to the other- Category. We're up a little bit this year at 68.3% from where we were at 42% a year ago, and as we dig into that is some larger umbrella losses. I think those would be the two points to describe other than the non-cat weather.
I think I'd also like to make the point that if we just look at the ex-cat accident year for the quarter vis-a-vis longer term trends, including each of the full last three years, it's very much in line.
Mm-hmm. Okay. Just wanted to just make sure I wasn't missing anything there, but that makes sense. Just finally, the last question was the tax rate was lower than I had been tracking. Was that just the share-based compensation accounting change rule that came into effect? Or was there anything else one-timer in there?
This is Mike. What that really is when you take a look at what's driving that primarily is the underwriting profit for this quarter compared to other quarters. That's really what dropped it a little bit. You've got your preference items of the dividends received deduction, tax-exempt interest, et cetera. The more underwriting profit you have, the more that that's going to come in straight at the 35%, less underwriting profit, you'll have a little bit less or more. Therefore, you've got your change there.
Excuse me, I might add, we favored municipals over corporates to some degree over the last 12 to 18 months, that's started to have a little bit of an impact.
Okay. All right. Thanks a lot.
Thank you.
Again, if you'd like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. The next question comes from Joshua Shanker with Deutsche Bank. Your line is open.
Yeah, thank you. I'm interested in understanding how your model works in relation to the rise of insurance technologies. There's a lot of your competitors who are investing heavily in digital distribution platforms, artificial intelligence, claims handling, whatnot, and you guys have benefited for a long time of a decentralized claims and distribution model. Do insurance technologies help Cincinnati be competitive against peers, or is this going to be a time of change where Cincinnati is going to need to change to stay competitive?
Yeah. Good question, Josh. We do see it as an opportunity. We do see people have tremendous financial assets on the line when they enter into an insurance agreement, and we think that the, as you mentioned, the decentralized personal approach that we take to things both at the point of sale and during the claims is a competitive advantage. Having said that, we just don't want to see disruption happen, and we react to it. We have actively sent our strategy team out to Silicon Valley to the various incubators. We actually have one here in Cincinnati. We've been up to Detroit to talk to those that are actually making the automated cars.
We're keeping our thumb on the pulse, and really what I see us doing is to take away the things that we learn, try to find opportunities in the claims area or whatever area that it is that we could execute our personal touch business model better by better using technology.
Are there any specific investments that you're making right now?
We have some. I don't think I'd like to go into the details on those, but particularly in more efficient delivery in the claims area, maybe in the underwriting area as well. We are in the investment stage.
Okay. Thank you.
There are no further questions at this time.
Very good. Thank you, Jesse, and thanks to all of you for joining us today. We look forward to speaking with you again on our third quarter call. Thank you.
This concludes today's conference call. You may now disconnect.