Good morning. My name is Matt, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the fourth quarter and full year 2021 earnings call for The Bank of N.T. Butterfield & Son Limited. All participants will be in a listen-only mode. Should you need assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by zero. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star then one on a touch-tone phone. To withdraw your question, please press star then two. Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Noah Fields, Butterfield's Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
Thank you. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us. Today, we'll be reviewing Butterfield's fourth quarter and full year 2021 financial results. On the call, I'm joined by Butterfield's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Michael Collins, and Chief Financial Officer, Michael Schrum. Following their prepared remarks, we will open the call up for a question- and- answer session. Yesterday afternoon, we issued a press release announcing our fourth quarter and full year results. The press release and slide presentation that we will refer to during our remarks on this call are available on the investor relations section of our website at www.butterfieldgroup.com. Before I turn the call over to Michael Collins, I would like to remind everyone that today's discussions will refer to certain non-GAAP measures which we believe are important in evaluating the company's performance.
For a reconciliation of these measures to U.S. GAAP, please refer to the earnings press release and slide presentation. Today's call and associated materials may also contain certain forward-looking statements which are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by these statements. Additional information regarding these risks can be found in our SEC filings. I will now turn the call over to Michael Collins.
Thank you, Noah, and thanks to everyone joining the call today. I am pleased with Butterfield's performance over the past year, both in terms of our strong financial results and our continued development as a leading offshore bank and trust company. In Bermuda and the Cayman Islands, we benefited from our market-leading bank and trust businesses while we continue to grow our product offerings in the Channel Islands, specifically Guernsey and Jersey. These locations are complemented by our private trust platforms in the Bahamas, Switzerland, Singapore and in the United Kingdom, where we provide mortgage lending in high-end central London. The businesses are supported by our service centers in Canada and Mauritius, which have once again helped drive improvement in operating efficiency. Along with the rest of the world, Butterfield's island jurisdictions face health and safety challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Through various quarantines and work from home mandates, Butterfield continued to provide safe and uninterrupted services to our customers. Our Cayman Islands business had strong deposit and loan growth in 2021 and now represents our fastest growth sector. The resilience of our island jurisdictions was evident in our credit book, which had a net credit release of $3.1 million in 2021, reflecting lower levels of non-performing loans and an improved economic outlook. Turning now to slide four. I am pleased to report another year of excellent financial results with net income of $163 million and core net income of $164 million or $3.28 per diluted share. This translates to a return on common equity of 16.8% and core return on tangible common equity of 18.7%.
Net income and core net income are up year- over- year, 10.5% and 5.9% respectively. These results reflect the market leading position in banking and wealth and the strength of our fee-based businesses, which helped offset some of the impact of continued low interest rates. For the full year, Butterfield's net interest margin was 2.02%, with our cost of deposits at 11 basis points. We remain committed to actively managing our capital. Our strong earnings and ROEs allowed us to pay out quarterly dividends totaling $1.76 per share, or approximately 54% of net income for the year. We continue to target a through cycle dividend payout ratio of approximately 50%. In addition, we repurchased over 500,000 shares at an average price of $36.93.
I am also pleased to announce that the board has authorized a new share repurchase plan of up to 2 ,000,000 shares for 2022. I will now turn the call over to Michael Schrum to provide an overview of results for the fourth quarter.
Thank you, Michael. I'll begin with a quick summary of the quarter's performance. Butterfield reported net income and core net income for the quarter of $41.7 million or $0.84 per diluted common share. This represented a core return on average tangible common equity of 18.8%. NIM increased by 3 basis points to 2% compared to the prior quarter. I'll discuss the fee performance and expenses in a few minutes, but wanted to note here that during the fourth quarter we did record a loss of $1.1 million in the Channel Islands relating to balance transfers out of a legacy defined benefit plan. This is included in other gains and losses line, and we do not expect this level of impact to repeat. Turning now to slide seven, which provides a summary of net interest income and margin.
In the fourth quarter, we reported net interest income of $74.5 million. A decrease of $1.2 million due to lower volume of average interest-earning assets in the fourth quarter, partially offset by increased average yields, which improved with asset mix and were 4 basis points higher than the prior quarter. NIM of 2% was 3 basis points higher than 1.97% in the prior quarter due to lower deposit balances and deployment of cash into higher-yielding instruments. Loan yields were down 4 basis points, and during the fourth quarter, the blended rate for loan originations was 3.82% for $239 million of new loans, up from 3.42% for $278 million of originations in the third quarter of 2021 due to new Bermuda commercial loans.
We continued to deploy excess cash into the securities portfolio with a net average balance increase of $480.4 million for the quarter as we invested in U.K. gilts, U.S. Treasuries, and agency securities. New money yields averaged 1.08% in the fourth quarter of 2021, or 5 basis points lower than the 1.13% in the prior quarter. Consistent with the market view that longer-term rate outlook continues to improve, we temporarily invested in some shorter-term maturities to retain some flexibility and add some protection from unrealized marks in the available for sale portfolio. Going forward, we look to revert to reinvestment in traditional agency securities. Turning to slide eight.
Non-interest income was very strong in the fourth quarter of 2021, increasing 7.5% to $52.7 million compared to $49 million in the prior quarter. All business lines grew compared to the prior quarter, with seasonally elevated credit and debit card transaction activity, increase in banking fees, and trust revenue benefiting from new business and increased activity-based fees. The bank's higher non-interest income resulted in a fee income ratio of 41.2% in the fourth quarter of 2021. It compares favorably to our peer group and continues to represent a stable and capital-efficient revenue stream for the bank. Slide nine provides a summary of core non-interest expense, which decreased to $83.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2021 compared to $84.2 million in the prior quarter.
As we had expected, expenses moderated due to redundancy costs in the comparative quarter, as well as decreases in expenses for recruitment, technology, and consulting services expenses compared to the third quarter of 2021. The core efficiency ratio improved slightly during the quarter as a result. Slide 10 summarizes regulatory and leverage capital levels. Butterfield maintains conservative regulatory capital levels that continue to be strong and well above statutory requirements. The bank's elevated deposit levels maintained our TCE to TA ratio at 5.8%, which remains slightly below our targeted range of 6%-6.5%. We do expect interest rate-driven OCI marks in the available-for-sale portfolio to continue to keep this ratio below the target range for a period as U.S. dollar interest rates are increasing. Turning now to slide 11.
Butterfield's balance sheet continues to be strong and conservatively managed with a high degree of liquidity. Deposit levels have remained flat at $13.9 billion this quarter compared to the prior quarter and are above the $13.3 billion at year-end 2020. In the fourth quarter, we were once again able to deploy excess liquidity into the investment and loan portfolios. On slide 12, we show Butterfield's asset quality remains exceptionally high with low credit risk in the investment portfolio, which is 95% comprised of triple-A rated U.S. government-guaranteed agency securities. This is down from 99% in the prior quarter as we invested some sterling cash into double-A rated U.K. gilts. Consistent underwriting continues to result in 2/3 of loan assets in full recourse residential mortgages in Bermuda, Cayman, and the Channel Islands, and the U.K.
We continue to build out our residential mortgage offering in the Channel Islands and expect that book to build gradually to a target of $500 million over the next four to five years. Past due credit metrics improved during the quarter, and non-accrual loans have held steady from the prior quarter, representing 1.2% of gross loans. We remain vigilant and continue with outbound calling programs and are actively working with any borrowers who may experience difficulty. On slide 13, we discuss the average cash and securities balance sheet with a summary interest rate sensitivity analysis.
Butterfield's weighted average life in the AFS investment portfolio increased slightly to 5.4 years from 5.3 years last quarter due to slower prepayment speeds, with maturities of $285 million this quarter, down from $310 million in the prior quarter. Butterfield continues to expect a potential increase to net interest income in both up and down rate scenarios. I will now turn the call back to Michael Collins.
Thank you, Michael. During the first quarter of 2022, we have started to see a momentum shift towards the further opening of our island jurisdictions with improved airlift capacity and expect increased cruise ship visits in Bermuda and Cayman later in 2022. Throughout the pandemic, I've been pleased with the strong performance of our retail and commercial banking operations in Bermuda and the Cayman Islands. In the Channel Islands, we have increased our residential mortgage lending book, which has already grown to around $130 million. As the interest rate outlook is now more constructive, our rate sensitive balance sheet and prior experience suggests that higher rates will provide a meaningful uplift to net interest income and profitability. Since 2016, our ROEs have been in the range of approximately 15%-25% during a full rate cycle.
With our high-quality fees representing approximately 40% of revenues, we are able to generate high risk-adjusted returns without taking significant credit or investment risk. The majority of our growth in the past few years has come from acquisitions, including the 2016 purchase of private banking, investment management and trust business from HSBC Bermuda, Deutsche Bank's financial intermediary business in the Cayman Islands and Channel Islands, as well as a foothold in Singapore for trust. Most recently, the acquisition of ABN AMRO's Channel Islands business. We continue to evaluate deals and believe acquiring appropriately priced offshore trust or banking businesses can be an accretive way to expand our footprint and continue Butterfield's growth story.
Beyond M&A, we estimate our long-term organic balance sheet growth rate to move more in line with the blended GDP rate for our local jurisdictions of around 2%-4%, with additional potential earnings per share growth coming from share repurchases and strategic cost management. Butterfield's ability to create shareholder value continues to benefit from our strong balance sheet, leading market positions, robust infrastructure, efficient operations, and customer-centric culture. I would like to thank our staff, clients, the board of directors, and all of our stakeholders for their support and contributions that continue to drive Butterfield's success. Thank you. With that, we'd be happy to take your questions. Operator?
We will now begin the question-and-answer session. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your touch tone phone. If you are using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. If at any time your question has been addressed and you would like to withdraw your question, please press star then two. At this time, we will pause momentarily to assemble our roster. Our first question will come from David Feaster with Raymond James. Please go ahead.
Hey, good morning, everybody.
Good morning.
Maybe just starting on the fee income side, it's great to see the strength in the quarter. And just looking at the trust fees specifically, could you maybe just talk a bit about what drove the increase in AUM? You know, whether you made any new hires to help facilitate the new business generation, whether you're just seeing more asset flows to Bermuda and or what if there was a different geography that saw a strength. Then just, were there any other. You talked about some transaction fees. Just curious, you know, maybe was there anything more one time in nature, that added to the strength in the quarter?
Yeah, sure. Thanks for the question. I'll start off. I think with 41% fee income ratio, the best part about that is it's actually really across the board. It's really evenly distributed among banking fees, custody asset management, and trust, and FX. One thing we've done recently, we've hired some people on the FX side to really focus on the reinsurance industry, and that paid dividends this quarter. Just a lot of outbound calling. International business is still holding up really well through the pandemic. Obviously, they can work at home. We've done really well on the FX side, but I'll let Michael follow up.
Yeah. Thanks, David. Michael Schrum. Just specifically on the trust fee, it's really a combination, I would say of you know of new client onboarding. We've had a strong pipeline for a number of quarters, but it's been difficult to sort of convert the pipeline into new opening on each onboarding of trust clients just because typically these ultra-high net worth clients, they would like to have a meeting, obviously, before they sign up. This is finally sort of seemed to open up a little bit now, and we landed some decent amount of pipeline in the quarter.
The other part of the fees, which were really more activity-based, so these are sort of special review fees for trusts that are restructuring or want to restructure their assets, which is probably less repeatable. It's just nice to see coming out of the pandemic a bit that there's some activity there as well.
Yeah, that's terrific. Just thinking about the increased business development and the improving economic activity, would you expect marketing expenses to kind of return back towards more normalized levels this year? Just how do you think about inflationary pressures and overall expense growth, looking forward?
I think in terms of inflationary pressure, particularly on salaries, we are seeing what everyone else is seeing in terms of salary demands going up in our Halifax service center. Obviously part of North America, it's sort of what everyone else has experienced. We haven't seen that as much in our island jurisdictions, Bermuda, Cayman, Guernsey, and Jersey. It's a bit of a different market here. We do think that will happen a little bit, but we're not gonna see the double-digit kind of inflationary pressures on the salary side in the island jurisdictions. We will have to pay up a little bit more in Halifax, which is really a hot market in terms of a lot of companies setting up there.
David, it's Michael Schrum. Just a little bit more broadly on marketing and business development. Obviously, that is starting to pick up, which is a net positive for us. I think we still are able to manage. We have some decent tailwinds on the expenses line as well. And we'll just monitor that pretty closely. I think, you know, what we're looking at, sort of a little bit down the road, is there anything that we could pull forward that we sort of resequence during the low rate environment, such as branding, that we could pull forward and maybe kind of accelerate a bit as we come out of the pandemic here. Generally speaking, I think we still would wanna hold the line on expenses very much.
Okay. That makes sense. Just touching on new loan yields. Nice to see the improvement quarter-over-quarter. Sounds like it was somewhat of a mix issue, but just curious what you're seeing on the new loan yield front. Do you think new loan yields have at least stabilized and you might be seeing some modest improvement just given the movement in the curve and prospects of rising rates?
Yeah. Sorry, it's Michael Schrum again. I mean, if you look across the loan book, this quarter was refreshing to see some new originations of Bermuda Commercial, which was at a higher yield than the blended average. You know, if you look at the resi side, obviously just as a reminder, you know, we do have about GBP 1.4 billion sitting in sterling, which tied to the Bank of England base rate. You know, and then we have close to $1 billion of resi mortgages in Cayman, which is tied to U.S. prime. Again, that beta's gonna be you know, fairly high on the loan side.
Close to or just about $1 billion in Bermuda, which is tied to the Bermuda base rate, which is a rate that sort of is a managed rate, if you will, but typically triggers around the Fed funds change. I think going forward, we do have a good pipeline in all of the jurisdictions, actually, both on the resi and commercial side. I think we feel fairly optimistic. You know, again, we're not a big loan growth story. We're pretty selective, particularly in the commercial space around return on risk-weighted assets. It's good to see in all the jurisdictions that there's some demand in the market.
That's terrific. Thanks, everybody.
Thanks.
Our next question will come from Alex Twerdahl with Piper Sandler. Please go ahead.
Hey, good morning, guys.
Morning, Alex.
Just wanted to first drill in a little bit more on the rate sensitivity, which is certainly, I think, a big part of the story here. I know there's a lot of moving parts in the loan portfolio, but I guess my first question, you know, as we think about the sort of the outlook for the yield, you know, the yield curve going forward or for the forward curve, I guess, and the expectations for rates in the U.S., do you think we're gonna see similar symmetry in loan yields from kind of what we saw when rates were coming down in early 2020? I mean, can the loan yields get all the way back up to kind of the 5% range if we do in fact get 6% rate hikes in the next 12 months or so?
Yeah, I mean, it's just a great question on the loans. It's Michael Schrum, I'll start on the loan side. The there is a. Obviously, we've done a few acquisitions Michael referred to, particularly in the Channel Islands with ABN AMRO, which really shifted quite a lot of the balance sheet around the group. So less of a tying to the U.S. rate environment and slightly more to the U.K. environment, both in terms of deposits and loans. So there's kind of a mix shift a bit in terms of where this could peak out.
I certainly think if you think about the Cayman loans that are tied to U.S. p rime, you think about the Bermuda base rate and the Bermuda commercial base rate, you know, those would certainly revert to historic levels. I think, the slight nuance here is obviously the $1.5 billion of sort of resi mortgages that are ultimately gonna be originated at a lower margin, and so gonna blend down the loan yield overall a little bit.
Okay. Can you just remind us from the GBP 1.4 billion that's tied to the U.K. and tied to the Bank of England. If I'm not mistaken, a lot of those are sitting on floors. What do we need to see from Bank of England for those to start repricing higher?
Yeah. We're just at the floor right now, and some of them we're just starting to see a positive move on the yield side with the recent rate hike from the Bank of England.
Okay. If we get another one, we'll get pretty much the whole portfolio repricing higher, immediately.
Exactly.
Is the way that works?
Yeah.
Awesome. Sorry.
Sorry, Alex, go ahead.
In terms of the cash position, how much of that is tied to Fed funds versus other currencies?
We are tactically FX neutral. In a way, if you look at the deposit base, it's about 22% of sterling, and that is the equivalent of what's sitting in the cash balance effectively. That, and you saw that a bit coming through the reinvestment yield, which is obviously we purchased some two-year U.K. gilts, which are much lower absolute rate than the U.S. rates were at the moment. Essentially, you know, you got 22% of cash balances sitting in sterling, which is what's gonna be tied to the short end of the curve. Just again, as a reminder, our cash position. We don't have a lender of last resort or central bank, but the cash position we sort of manage on a three-month ladder basis. It's a slight lag in terms of coming up, but I think we feel fairly positive in terms of the outlook.
Okay. I guess said another way, like if you took the lag out of it, as rates go higher, you might see your beta be around 75%, with the Fed funds and that cash position, assuming the Bank of England does nothing.
Yeah. That's probably a good estimate. I would say if you look at the last cycle in terms of the beta assumptions for our demand deposits, there's typically an early outperformance on the betas, because it takes a little while for the market to sort of reprice the call deposits in particular, and we would expect that to be the case this time around as well.
Okay. You know, I know, I know you guys shortened up a bit in the securities portfolio. Can you just let us know what could be maturing in sort of the next couple quarters and then sort of what the plans are for the reinvestment? I know you said you're gonna revert back to a normalized securities strategy. You know, also kind of in terms of the cash deployment strategy with rates now the 10-year above 2%, you know, how does that change sort of the outlook for the laddering of any cash that you might wanna ladder at some point?
Yeah. I mean, we typically, the way we sort of manage the balance sheet is we typically look at the deposit level, and then you kind of need 20% of that, between the four banking jurisdictions to kind of manage your flows between customer flows and treasury flows. That's typically what we would look to target in terms of the cash balances. That would be your cash and reverse repurchase short-term investments. You know, looking at that, there's still about $400 million-$500 million of excess to deploy. You know, we would look to deploy that into MBS, traditional MBS or agency securities, which is kind of sitting at a three handle, close to a three handle now.
Again, it will be laddered out over time. We're not a mark-to-market shop, so we're just really using the securities book, you know, which is fixed-rate assets, to sort of offset some of the asset sensitivity that comes from the floating-rate nature of the loan book in our markets and the behavioralized deposits. I think what we did over the last couple of quarters was do a little bit shorter reinvestment in anticipation of rising rates, which will help us with the roll down, so to speak. You know, two-year treasuries, et cetera, obviously had an impact on yield, but it will certainly help in terms of re-laddering later on.
What we're seeing in terms of prepaid speeds, I think I've referenced them a little bit earlier, that they're down about 25% on the MBS book. We were sort of peaking out in Q2 last year at about $330 million quarter maturities. Obviously with the extension risk, now we're down to about $75 million a month-ish.
Okay. That's all very good color. Just final question for me, just going back to that fee question from earlier, just in terms of the trust, and I guess some of the other lines also, but is kind of what we saw for the core run rate in the fourth quarter, is that the right place to start 2022? I know there's some seasonality in banking, fee revenues, et cetera. As I look at trust, for example, and the new revenue, is that the right starting point? You kind of alluded to the pipeline having, you know, been growing for a couple quarters. You know, is there still a decent pipeline for new business on the trust, on the trust side?
Yeah. I mean, the trust side, we sort of separate the sort of annuity type fees that we get from the trust, which is sort of the management of the underlying trust. We have the sort of activity-based fees, which can either come when the trust is restructuring the underlying assets or when there's additional reporting, for example, to do on those trusts. I would say it's probably a little bit high for the fourth quarter just because of the activity-based fees.
On the banking side, you know, as you've seen in the prior years, I'd probably normalize that about $1.5 million of sort of seasonal adjustments in Q4, which are really related to Christmas shopping and credit card acquiring fees, as we've started to see an opening of both the Cayman and Bermuda economies for tourism.
Awesome. Thanks for taking my questions.
Thanks, Alex.
Our next question will come from Timur Braziler with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.
Hi, good morning.
Hi, Timur.
Maybe just following up on that last question, looking at the banking revenue, I mean, that's well ahead of pre-pandemic levels. I know you just said that about $1.5 million of that is the seasonal effect. I guess, what's driving such a strong level of banking revenue with the jurisdictions still not fully open? And if we back out that $1.5 million of seasonality getting us right around $14 million, is that the right run rate and that continues to grow as jurisdictions open up? Or is there something else there that kind of gets us back to a level more consistent with pre-pandemic levels?
Well, I think at a high level, actually, we continue to be pleasantly surprised in terms of how much domestic economic activity there is. Our credit and debit card volume has been really quite strong. And that's people just like in New York or anywhere else where people are, you know, ordering food in and, you know, buying purchases online and that sort of thing. That combined with staycations, I mean, the hotels in, you know, particularly in Bermuda during the winter season are not particularly full, but there's a lot of staycations, and Bermudians and Caymanians staying in hotels. It's just, you know, people aren't traveling as much, but they're doing spending just as much as they are used to spend basically domestically. It's been consistent.
Yeah. Team, it's Michael Schrum. I'd probably say there's a bit of put and take, you know, if you will, between the banking fee line and maybe the asset management fee starts to improve a little bit as we get off the bottom here. You know, as a reminder, we do run our own money fund, and obviously we're sort of forgiving the management fee on that. Historically, that's been higher. You know, banking fees, we did also do selective repricing on some of the periodic fees in banking, that we believe is all 50/50 loan beta on the Bermuda resi side with a 25 basis point lag, obviously. You know, that's what goes into the model.
It will kinda depend on what everybody else is doing in the market a little bit as well, and obviously affordability for us. We have a pretty seasoned book, and really, coming out of the pandemic, we just need to keep an eye on obviously, you know, loan performance, which continues to be very good, but just wanna keep that in mind as well.
Great. Okay. Last one for me, just sticking on the beta conversation. Last rising rate environment, I mean, you guys pretty drastically outperformed the published sensitivity given how strong the deposit base is. I guess the mix shift into the Channel Islands, will that drastically change the equation? Maybe give us kind of expectations on Channel Islands deposit betas versus Bermuda and Cayman. Then as we look at that kind of interest rate sensitivity today, maybe just talk us through kind of blended beta assumptions there relative to what we saw in the prior rising rate environment.
Yeah, sure. Yeah. You know, we've back tested on the last cycle beta assumptions for Bermuda and Cayman and the Channel Islands. Obviously, the ABN deposits are a little bit newer, and we're lower market share in Channel Islands, and the competition is a bit fiercer. Where we end up is sort of a 25% beta on call in Bermuda and Cayman, and about 70% on term, and about 50%-70% beta across the deposit products in the Channel Islands. If you think about the early part of the cycle, you know, the disclosures are parallel 100 and 200.
You know, the early part of the cycle is probably not a need to move as quickly on the deposit cost side. We just, as we talked about, loans already, and then later on in the cycle, you know, we peaked out in the last cycle in Q3 2019 at about 50 basis points on cost of deposits. I would say still fairly low, but again, subject to the competitive pressures that we're seeing in the market, which we expect to be, you know, pretty lagging on the first 100 basis points. I would say there's just a lot of liquidity, everyone's sitting on cash deposits, et cetera. You know, that's obviously our funding base.
On the other hand, it also needs to make sense from a risk-weighted asset perspective for us. That's again what goes into the model. I think the symmetry in the sensitivity is probably, you know, not quite reflecting how we expect that to happen in the early part of the cycle, probably outperform, and then later on we'll have to wait and see what happens.
Got it. Thanks for that.
Again, if you have a question, please press star then one. Our next question will come from Tim Switzer with KBW. Please go ahead.
Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking my question.
Hey, Tim.
You guys mentioned with the deposits that a lot of customers are starting to deploy their savings a little bit. Do you have any kinda insight forward looking on how deposits can trend this year and, like, how elevated do you think these deposit levels are, and will that normalize at some point?
Yeah, I mean. Sorry. It's Michael Schrum. I think we talked a couple of quarters, well, certainly with the onset of the pandemic about pension withdrawals that were allowed in some of our core markets, which was kind of a one-time election for folks to withdraw from their otherwise locked in, you know, pensions up to 25% in Cayman, 10% with some means testing in Bermuda. We saw certainly a lot of retail deposits come onto our balance sheet as a result of that. We believe ultimately those need to be redeployed into some form of pensionable asset class for those folks.
I think a lot of people took the election because of the uncertainty around how their financial position was gonna shape up during the pandemic. It's obviously turned out probably better, and the deposits hung around for a bit. We have some, you know, deposits in the retail side is probably $300 million-$400 million. On a corporate side, on non-financial corporate side, we also saw an inflow in deposits, particularly in Cayman. The overall inflow is probably about $1.2 billion in Q4 2020, and it's stuck around, I think trying to find a home.
You know, if I put it all together, we expect sort of $500 million-$600 million to still kind of leave the balance sheet over a period of time. Now it's still here, so I'm not sure exactly when, but it doesn't fit with our historical CAGR growth profile given the underlying economies. That is still the expectation.
I think, you know, other than the surge deposits, pandemic related, we have a lot more stability in the deposit base, because we had some very large concentrations in trust and family office deposits in Bermuda and hedge funds in Cayman, you know, over the years that have really dissipated somewhat. That creates a lot more stability in terms of our remaining deposit base. Some of the pandemic stuff will come off over time.
Okay. Yeah, that makes sense. If we're looking at expenses for this year, you mentioned holding the line and that there were maybe some cost levers you had to offset some of the inflation pressures. What can we expect for this year? Is there potential additional pressure on the expense line once we get some interest rate increases and NII starts improving?
I think Michael talked a bit about the inflation pressures across the different markets. I think we're pretty much in tune and keeping on top of how that's playing out and pretty sensitive obviously to turnover, et c. You know, I think you know, the overall expenses, we've previously talked about, you know, sort of a $82-$83 a quarter number. We're sort of almost there now, and I think we'll certainly be there very shortly. That's kind of where we're thinking we're gonna sort of end up this year as well. I would say we're still monitoring obviously the inflationary pressures that we're seeing on wages.
As I said before, I think if there's an opportunity for us to pull forward some of these projects, which are kind of must-do projects, whether it's the rebranding project. As you know, Butterfield rebranded about a year and a half ago, and we sort of resequenced that spend really as a result of very low interest rates and maybe there's an opportunity to accelerate that now. We are looking actively for those opportunities as well. We'll obviously be happy to talk about those as they're identified.
Yeah. Even with Halifax, so that's obviously our sort of lower cost service center, even with sort of 10%-15% inflationary wage increases, it's still 40% less expensive than Bermuda and Cayman and a great quality workforce. We'll continue to build out Halifax as we sort of get operations and call centers and things that we don't need in the various island jurisdictions. We'll continue to build out Halifax. You know, there won't be the cost differential that, you know, maybe we would have, you know, 10 years ago in Halifax. The combination of the high quality workforce plus the fact that it's still always gonna be a bit less expensive than Bermuda and Cayman will help over time.
You know, coming into this year, even though interest rates are rising, and that's obviously gonna do very well for us, we are focused on expenses and we will continue to see what we can do on the cost side, in addition to rising rates. We're not just gonna sit on our hands and wait for rates to rise. I think there's some efficiencies that we're gonna focus on this year.
Awesome. Thank you. With the M&A pipeline right now, how is that shaping up? Are discussions a bit more active than you know in the middle of the pandemic? I guess if you could differentiate this between the private trust businesses and the bank businesses.
Yeah, sure. I think, you know, we've talked about during the pandemic on Channel Islands in terms of banks 'cause obviously we've done some acquisitions there. We're pleased in the sense that ABN AMRO really diversified our balance sheet and revenue stream so that we're really our exposure is really a third Bermuda, a third Cayman, and a third Channel Islands. Strategically, we wanted that balance. We've achieved that. We will continue to look. I would say on the banking side that, you know, we were very hesitant during the pandemic because you couldn't value loan books. I think that's obviously changed somewhat. I wouldn't describe the banking side as being active. We continue to have constructive discussions on the trust side.
If you remember, you know, we're sticking with our core ideas in terms of basically it's gotta be in our existing jurisdictions, so we're not gonna start a new trust jurisdiction. It has to be 2/3 private trust. A lot of these entities are sort of a mix of trust private trust income plus corporate administrative income. We don't want that side of the business. We just want private trust and, you know, basically under $50 million, so these aren't huge acquisitions and basically looking for acquisitions that are less than 8x EBITDA. We are still in constructive discussions.
I'd say the reason it takes so long is that our risk appetite from an AML perspective, given perceptions and being a bank outside the U.S. or Europe, we have almost no tolerance on the AML, KYC side. When we get in these discussions and we start doing due diligence, typically there will be a few clients that we wouldn't wanna take on and maybe the vendor will take those back, and other times they won't, or there'll be some litigation. We look at a lot of stuff and walk away. I would say we are having some decent discussions and, you know, we'll just see where those go this year.
Great. Thanks for the color.
Thank you.
This concludes our question- and- answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Noah Fields for any closing remarks.
Thank you, Matt, and thanks to everyone for dialing in today. We look forward to speaking with you again next quarter. Have a great day. Thanks.
The conference is now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.