Good day, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the UVE first quarter 2018 earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later, we will conduct a question-and-answer session, and instructions will follow at that time. If anyone should require operator assistance during today's conference, please press star then zero on your touch-tone telephone. As a reminder, today's conference is being recorded. I would like to introduce your host for today's conference, Mr. Dean Evans, VP of Investor Relations. Sir, please go ahead.
Thank you, Michelle. Good morning, everyone. Welcome to the first quarter 2018 earnings conference call for Universal Insurance Holdings, Inc. My name is Dean Evans, and I'm the Vice President of Investor Relations here at Universal. With me in the room today are Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Sean Downes, President and Chief Risk Officer, Jon W. Springer, and Chief Financial Officer, Frank C. Wilcox. Following Sean's opening remarks, Jon W. will provide an update on several important current topics, and Frank C. will review financial results. The call will be reopened for questions. Yesterday afternoon, we issued our earnings release, which is available under the Press Releases section of our website at www.universalinsuranceholdings.com. A replay of this presentation will be available on the homepage of our website until May 9th, 2018. Before we begin, please note that this presentation may contain forward-looking statements about our business and financial results.
Forward-looking statements reflect our current view of future events and are typically associated with words such as believe, expect, anticipate, or similar expressions. We caution those listening, including investors, not to rely solely on forward-looking statements as they imply risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified, and future results can differ materially from our expectations. We encourage you to carefully consider the risks described in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which are available on the SEC's website or the SEC Filings section of our website. We do not undertake any obligation to update or correct any forward-looking statements. With that, I'd like to turn the presentation over to our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Sean Downes.
Thank you, Dean. Thank you, everyone, for joining us today. As usual, I'll begin by providing some highlights from the quarter and will then review our growth initiatives and strategy. Jon W. will cover several important current topics, and Frank C. will conclude by discussing financial results. We were pleased with our results for the first quarter. Overall, we report a net income of $40.1 million and diluted EPS of $1.12 for the first quarter of 2018, which equates to an annualized ROE of 34.6% for the quarter. We report an excellent top-line growth in the first quarter, with 10% growth in direct premiums written, including 7.2% growth within Florida and 32.7% growth in other states. Our underwriting profitability was strong, with a 76.5% combined ratio for the quarter.
The current year's quarter includes no weather losses beyond planned and a negligible reserve change. We highlight this because we have taken a conservative approach to our underlying loss pick in light of the increased level of catastrophic activity in recent years, coupled with the impact from current market conditions in Florida, most notably related to the assignment of benefits claims. Our service company subsidiaries continued to produce benefits in the aftermath of Hurricane Irma, as both Universal Adjusting Corporation and Blue Atlantic Reinsurance Corporation contributed positively to the first quarter results. Lastly, as Frank will discuss in more detail later in the call, our effective tax rate for the quarter benefited from the federal tax reform that was passed in late 2017, which had a meaningful positive impact on our net income for the quarter. I'd like to briefly discuss our growth outlook heading forward.
We believe we have positioned Universal well for the future by pursuing various organic growth avenues, which have resulted in a more stable, diversified, and balanced business. Our core Florida book continues to produce strong organic growth. We continue to believe that we can profitably grow on an organic basis in Florida using both our robust agency network and our direct-to-consumer platform, Universal Direct. Our 3.4% average statewide rate increase was approved by the Florida OIR in early December, and the new rates were effective for new business on December 7th and for renewals on January 26th. Our retention ratio on these impacted policies has continued to run over 90% during the first quarter.
We now actively write business in 17 states after writing our first policy in New Hampshire in early April. We have licenses in an additional three states, Illinois, Iowa, and West Virginia. Universal Direct, our unique direct-to-consumer online homeowners insurance platform, is available in all of our active states and continues to demonstrate a solid growth trajectory. Currently, we have approximately 8,700 policies in force for more than $10 million of in-force premium. We are off to a strong start in 2018 and continue to believe that Universal is extremely well-positioned going forward. We remain confident that our multipart organic growth strategy will enable us to deliver profitable premium growth in both Florida and the 16 other states where we write business.
We have a solid balance sheet with a conservative investment portfolio, minimal debt, and an appropriately set loss reserve position. We're protected by a comprehensive reinsurance program. Our unique vertically integrated structure positions us well to capitalize in the event of a disruptive industry catastrophe, as was highlighted by our performance during Hurricane Irma. Given these strengths, we are excited about what the future holds for Universal, and we expect to continue to deliver substantial value to our shareholders. With that, I will turn the call over to Jon Springer.
Thank you, Sean. I would like to first start with an update on Hurricane Irma and then discuss the current reinsurance environment as we are soon approaching our June 1 renewals. By way of background, on October 10th, roughly one month after landfall, we released a public estimate of $350 million-$450 million in gross losses from Hurricane Irma. We are now seven and a half months removed from when the storm first made landfall in Florida, and our information on the event continues to evolve on a daily basis. More importantly, as we advised previously, given our reinsurance tower extends to $2.8 billion per UPCIC, Hurricane Irma is a retention event. As we advised last quarter, the manner in which our reinsurance program responded reduced UPCIC's retention for this event to $27.2 million. None of that has changed.
At this time, following a comprehensive review of the event over the past few weeks, we are advising that we are prospectively increasing our estimate of gross losses relating to Hurricane Irma by $50 million. Again, to confirm, this change in gross loss estimate will have absolutely no impact on the financials of UPCIC. Our comprehensive reinsurance program performed as it was designed and will continue to limit total net loss and LAE from Hurricane Irma to the $27.2 million for UPCIC and the $2 million for APPCIC, which is below the combined retention of $37 million for both of our insurance subsidiaries due to additional recoveries received from our UPCIC Other States Reinsurance program. This change in gross loss estimate comes primarily due to the continuation of reported claims.
We had 10,173 new claims reported during the first quarter of 2018 and an additional 2,300 in the first three weeks of April, bringing our total claim count to date to 76,283. We have closed 68,487, roughly 90% of these claims, with an average loss and LAE severity across all claims of approximately $5,200, and an average loss and LAE severity of just over $7,500 on claims closed with payment. We can also report that the percentage of claims reopening with a resulting change in incurred loss is running just 14.5%. I believe this compares to the 35+% number announced previously by Citizens. All of this is a testament to the hard work of our employees, many of whom have been working long hours since the storm made landfall in early September.
As a result of Hurricane Irma, both the fourth quarter of 2017 and the first quarter of 2018 included the benefit of additional revenues within our service provider subsidiaries, which led to a higher level of profitability than would otherwise be the case in a normal quarter. Blue Atlantic Reinsurance Corporation received $600,000 of reinstatement commissions during the first quarter of 2018, and Universal Adjusting Corporation produced $10.4 million of pre-tax profit during the first quarter of 2018, the vast majority of which was related to additional revenues created due to the continued increased workload as a result of Hurricane Irma. Switching now to reinsurance. Over the course of the past two months, we've met face to face with the vast majority of our reinsurance partners to discuss our experiences in Hurricane Irma and the upcoming June 1 renewal.
I think the most important takeaway is the reinsurers' desire to truly differentiate the insurance companies that operate in Florida. As Hurricane Irma continues to evolve, it has become more evident to reinsurers the companies that had made a quality investment in their claims operation than those who had not. It is very difficult to catch up post-event, any lack of preparation will continue to manifest itself in higher severity numbers and a greater percentage of reopened claims. As we have stated many times since Hurricane Irma made landfall, we are very pleased with our reinsurance program design and the response of our professional reinsurance partners. Without a doubt, Hurricane Irma was a devastating event for many, from a professional reinsurer perspective, it was exactly the type of event that is modeled for, priced accordingly, and expected to occur.
From a reinsurance renewal perspective, when you take into account our previously discussed multi-year capacity and the coverage we purchased from the state-run FHCF, we have just 32% of our total reinsurance premium budget up for renewal this June 1. After receiving and evaluating quotes from our lead reinsurers, we entered the market with firm order terms last week on the core all states catastrophe tower for UPCIC. At this point in the process, I'm not going to comment on specific pricing levels, I will say that when you factor in all of the variables, including the rate change that Sean mentioned, the 2018 renewal is shaping up to be a year where we'll be keeping our catastrophe retention at the same level, buying catastrophe coverage to a higher level, and spending the same or less as a % of earned premium to do so.
With that, I'll turn the discussion over to Frank Wilcox for our financial highlights.
Thank you, Jon. For the first quarter of 2018, net income totaled $40.1 million, an increase of 28.4% compared to the first quarter of 2017. Diluted EPS was $1.12, up from $0.86 for the first quarter of 2017. We reported strong total revenue growth of 9.5% for the quarter, driven by growth in premium volume, the statewide rate increase of 3.4% in Florida, net investment income, commission revenue, policy fees, and other revenue. Direct premiums earned grew 11% to $262.3 million, offset by ceded premiums earned of $79.7 million, leading to growth in net earned premiums of 13% to $182.6 million. Ceded premiums earned as a % of direct premiums earned was 30.4% during the first quarter of 2018, compared to 31.7% in the first quarter of 2017. Commission revenue, policy fees, and other revenue each posted solid growth versus the prior year's quarter.
Included within commission revenue was $600,000 of fee income related to the reinstatement commissions received by Blue Atlantic during the first quarter of 2018. We generated a net combined ratio of 76.5% in the first quarter of 2018, compared to 78.9% in the first quarter of 2017. The net loss and LAE ratio improved to 41.6% from 43.7% in the prior year's quarter. First quarter of 2018 included no impact from weather events above plan, compared to $3 million or 1.9 percentage points of weather losses above plan in the first quarter of 2017. Prior accident year reserve movements were negligible in both the current and prior year's quarters. The first quarter 2018 loss adjustment expenses included a benefit of $10.4 million, or 5.7 percentage points from additional revenues earned by Universal Adjusting Corporation related to Hurricane Irma.
Our underlying loss in LAE ratio increased compared to the prior year, reflecting continued geographic expansion as non-catastrophe loss ratios in other states' books are generally higher than in Florida, an increased level of projected weather losses, and the marketplace dynamics within our home state of Florida, including the impact of AOB-related claims. Our net expense ratio was 34.9% in the first quarter of 2018, compared to 35.2% in the first quarter of 2017. Our net policy acquisition cost ratio increased to 20.8% compared to 20.1% in the prior year's quarter, with the increase largely driven by geographic expansion as our other states' book typically has a higher commission expense than within Florida. Our other operating expense ratio was 14.1% in the first quarter of 2018 versus 15.1% in the prior year's quarter, which generally reflects the benefits of economies of scale.
Net investment income was $4.8 million, growth of 77% from the first quarter of 2017. The increase is the result of higher returns from our available-for-sale debt securities driven by growth in total invested assets, favorable market trends, and actions taken to increase yield while maintaining high credit quality, as well as higher return from cash and cash equivalents due to actions taken to optimize treasury management, coupled with an increase in interest rates. We reported $2.6 million of realized investment losses during the quarter, compared to $63,000 of realized investment losses in the first quarter of 2017. We reported $5.1 million of unrealized investment losses during the first quarter of 2018, driven by a decline in our equity securities portfolio. Notably, this line item was added in the first quarter of 2018 as a result of the adoption of accounting guidance for equity securities.
The comparable number from our equity portfolio for the first quarter of 2017 was $1.7 million of pre-tax gains, which was not included in net income in the prior period, but was included in other comprehensive income on an after-tax basis. Total unrestricted cash and invested assets were $974.4 million as of March 31st, 2018, growth of 17.9% from March 31st of 2017. We take a conservative approach to managing our investments and maintain a high-quality investment portfolio comprised primarily of fixed maturity securities, which are 99% investment grade. The weighted average duration of the fixed maturity investments in our available-for-sale portfolio as of March 31st, 2018 was two and a half years. The effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2018 was 22.5%, compared to 34.1% in the prior year's quarter.
The decrease in our effective tax rate is primarily the result of the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which resulted in a reduction in the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018. The current year's quarter included a credit to income tax expense of $1.8 million for excess tax benefits resulting from stock-based awards that vested and/or were exercised during the first quarter, benefiting the current quarter's effective tax rate by three and a half percentage points. The prior year's quarter included $2.1 million of credits to income tax expense related to discrete items, benefiting that quarter's effective tax rate by 4.4 percentage points. We remain committed to actively managing our capital position. During the first quarter of 2018, we repurchased 92,749 shares for $2.7 million, an average cost of $29.61 per share.
Our current share repurchase authorization program has $17 million remaining and runs through December 31st, 2018. We paid a regular quarterly dividend in the first quarter of 2018 of $0.14 per share, which equates to an annualized dividend yield of 1.7% based on current share price levels. Stockholders' equity was $465.1 million at March 31st, 2018, growth of 5.7% from year-end 2017, while book value per common share was $13.28 as of March 31st, 2018, growth of 4.8% from December 31st, 2017, or 16.8% from the end of the first quarter in 2017. Combined surplus for our insurance subsidiaries was $338 million at March 31st, 2018, compared to $324 million at December 31st, 2017. Annualized return on average common equity was 34.6% for the first quarter of 2018, compared to 31.4% in the prior year's quarter.
We remain dedicated to providing value to our shareholders and believe this level of return on equity is an excellent result. At this point, I'd like to turn the call back to the operator.
Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, if you have a question at this time, please press star then the number one on your touch-tone telephone. If your question has been answered or you wish to remove yourself from the queue, please press the pound key. To prevent any background noise, we ask that you please place your line on mute once your question has been stated. Our first question comes from Arash Soleimani with KBW. Your line is open. Please go ahead.
Thanks. Just the first question was, in terms of the growth, it's been pretty strong, the premium growth. Is this kind of 10% level sustainable, or should we think of it as more kind of mid-upper, mid-single digits?
Good morning, Arash. This is Sean.
Morning.
Because of our geographic expansion, and our loyal agency force that continues to expand in Universal Direct, I think you should look at it as a bracket basically of between 7% and 10% going forward. That is definitely attainable.
Okay. Is commercial residential something you're kind of keeping an eye on but not really focusing on growing in the near term because of the rate environment there?
Exactly. We're definitely putting some business on. The current rate environment, we just don't believe is adequate at this time, and we're not in the business of chasing premium. We are set and ready to go in case there is a disruption in the marketplace. At this time, I just don't think that the environment is adequate enough for us to be putting on business.
Okay. I don't know if Jon had mentioned this, what are you seeing? I know there are only certain layers you have that are coming up for renewal. The others are on a multi-year basis, what's the, I guess, pricing environment for layers that were actually hit by losses?
Yeah, as I mentioned, Arash, in my opening remarks, given that we are literally right in the middle of the process, I don't think it's appropriate for us to comment on specific layers, pricing, that sort of thing. I made a general comment relative to where our overall reinsurance spend will end up relative to last year. We're not going to talk about specific layers.
Okay. That's fair. Then in terms of subrogation, would you say you've reached a point with subrogation where you're sort of at, I guess, a fair run rate going forward? Do you think there's still kind of improvement to be had in your subrogation operation?
Subrogation unit continues to improve because of the hard work of our employees and the material investments we've made over the last three or four years in that space. I think it's a little too early to determine basically what the critical mass level is and where we'd be bottoming out at as far as picking a percentage. We are continuing to improve going forward, and I believe that will continue specifically over the next year to two.
All right. Perfect. Thanks for the answers.
Thanks.
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Samir Khare with Capital Returns. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Samir, your line could be muted.
Good morning. Sorry about that. Just a quick question about Universal Direct. What was the premium volume that you guys actually wrote in this quarter, and what was the amount of premium you guys wrote Q4 as well?
I believe it's approximately $2 million in Q1 and a little bit under that in Q4, off the top of my head, Samir.
Okay, great. Recognizing that there was a benefit in this quarter on the tax rate, what's a good tax rate to use going forward?
Thanks. Samir, this is Frank. Good morning. Excluding discrete items, I'd put a range on the underlying effective tax rate between 25%-27%.
Got it. Okay. Any anticipation of more, I guess, income from adjusting Hurricane Irma claims coming in Q2?
There'll be some, but not as great as Q1. Obviously, we're seeing a reduction in the claims that we're receiving currently right now. I wouldn't expect anything such as what we put up in Q1.
Okay. The claims you said that were coming in Q1 and Q2, is there any reason you think that these claims came in much later? I'm just trying to better understand if there's a different complexion to them, say, higher severity, if they're more complex, or if there's higher attorney involvement versus notice of loss.
Well, first and foremost, you have obviously there's a lot of transient folks in Florida that have two different dwellings, live up north, et cetera. Sometimes you get a situation where folks come down, realize they've had a loss, turn it in. That causes a delay. Also, some of the AOB situation has to deal with it, where an individual insured would have had their claim handled and have been below deductible. Because of some certain situations that be it public adjusters or attorneys, et cetera, have been marketing, people then sign up with these folks and the claim would reopen. Our reopen rate is running significantly lower than everybody else, approximately right around 14%. I couldn't really give you a definitive answer, but I think it's a blending of those two situations.
Okay. That 14% number that you just quoted, does that include reopened claims for what we'll call supplemental payments? Is that kind of more the traditional reopened claims because of public adjusters and whatnot?
I didn't hear what you said. I heard you say reopens, you went a little bit radio silent on me there.
Sorry, I'm wondering about that 14% metric. Does that include claims that are reopened for supplemental payments?
Yes.
Okay.
It could be recoverable depreciation. Anything at all that's a supplement, all that goes into that same bracket.
Okay. Any update on the, I think the number that you gave last quarter was 12% of claims you expect to result in AOB from Irma losses. Any update to that number?
No, it's running about the same rate.
Okay. I think Jon said that the gross Hurricane Irma losses you expect to increase that by $50 million. Should I think of that, the whole range increasing by $50 million, or is it on top of the range of going from $450 to $500 million?
You should think of it as on top of the $450. $500 is a new number going forward.
Got it. Can you give me the split of the Hurricane Irma gross losses on HO-3 versus HO-6? What the paid severities are for each?
Well, right now I can tell you that 25% of the losses or a little bit under is HO-6, the HO-6 severity is running right around $4,200. The all other, let's just call it, is running right around $7,200.
Great. Thank you very much. Appreciate it.
All right, Samir. Thank you.
Thank you. I'm showing no further questions at this time, and I would like to turn the conference back over to Sean Downes for any further remarks.
Thank you. As always, in closing, I would personally like to thank all of our shareholders, employees, board of directors, policyholders, and my management team for their hard work and loyalty to Universal. This concludes the call. Thank you.
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for participating in today's conference. This does conclude the program, and you may all disconnect. Everyone, have a great day.