Good morning, and welcome to the Zebra Technologies fourth quarter and full year 2015 results conference call. All participants will be in listen-only mode. Should you need assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by zero. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your telephone keypad. To withdraw your question, please press star then two. Please note, this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Michael Steele, VP Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
Good morning, thank you for joining us. Today's conference call and slide presentation will include prepared remarks from Anders Gustafsson, our Chief Executive Officer, and Mike Smiley, our Chief Financial Officer. Anders will begin by discussing our 2015 accomplishments. Mike will then provide more detail on the financials and introduce our 2016 outlook. Anders will conclude with an overview of our strategic priorities in 2016 and elaborate on our outlook. Following the prepared remarks, Joachim Heel, our Senior Vice President of Global Sales, will join us as we take your questions. This presentation is being simulcast on our website at investors.zebra.com and will be archived there for at least one year. Before we begin, I need to inform you that certain statements made on this call include forward-looking statements, which are subject to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
These statements reflect the company's current expectations concerning future events and are subject to a number of factors and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially. A detailed discussion of these factors and uncertainties is contained in the company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. During this call, we will make reference to non-GAAP financial measures as we describe business performance. You can find reconciliations of our GAAP to non-GAAP results in today's earnings press release. In addition, year-over-year sales growth references for Enterprise, which was acquired in October 2014, and for total Zebra, will be on an estimated historical basis. Now I'll turn the call over to Anders.
Thank you, Mike, we're excited to have you on the team. Good morning, everyone, thank you for joining us. I am pleased to report fourth quarter sales and non-GAAP EPS in line with our guidance. For the quarter, we reported sales of $956 million adjusted for purchase accounting, reflecting 4% year-over-year constant currency growth and non-GAAP EPS of $1.51. After completing our first full year with the acquired Enterprise business, we delivered 2015 sales growth of 8% on a constant currency basis, an adjusted EBITDA margin of 16.6%. This transformative combination has positioned Zebra as the global leader in enterprise asset intelligence. This means delivering visibility solutions to help companies improve productivity and deliver better experiences for their customers. Our solutions enable our customers to sense, analyze, and act.
With sensing, we enable real-time operational visibility into people and things, such as packages moving through the supply chain, merchandise in a store, workflows in a medical facility. Analyzing this operational data, which can include status, condition, and location, results in actionable insights. This gives our customers the ability to make smarter decisions and act on those insights anytime and anywhere. Zebra's deep expertise and portfolio of innovative solutions have enabled us to be a strategic and trusted advisor to leading Enterprise customers and partners. Our breadth and depth of products, services, and technologies is unmatched in the industry. In short, as One Zebra, we are well positioned for success. On slide five, you will see the solid progress we made last year against our four strategic priorities.
We have delivered profitable growth, our first strategic priority, by capitalizing on secular growth trends through innovative solutions, solid execution, and cross-selling opportunities. As I mentioned, we finished a very successful year with total company sales growing 8% on a comparable constant currency basis. This includes 13% legacy Zebra growth and 5% growth for Enterprise. Sales of mobile computers, printers, and scanners were particularly strong as we extended our global market leadership in these product categories. With Enterprise now part of Zebra, 2015 was the first year in which organic Enterprise sales have grown since 2011. In services and wireless LAN, sales were lower than a year ago. We are focused on improving execution, launching new products, and developing our sales pipelines. In our overall business, solid growth in North America, EMEA, and Asia Pacific more than offset weakness in Latin America, especially Brazil.
From a vertical markets perspective, we saw strong sales growth in retail, transportation and logistics, and healthcare. Our customers continue to invest in technology to improve efficiencies and, in turn, profitability, a trend that benefits Zebra in both good times and bad. For example, we improved our win rate against consumer mobile devices in 2015, as customers realized the inherent advantages of our devices that can be tailored to specific work environments. We saw 150% growth in Android-powered devices as our broad offering resonated with customers' needs. We have also made great progress on our second strategic priority of realizing cost synergies. We realized approximately $130 million in the full year 2015, and remain on track to achieve $200 million of annualized cost synergies from the Enterprise acquisition by the end of 2016.
We saw most of this benefit in operating expenses as we integrated and rationalized our sales, marketing, and engineering teams. Our third strategic priority has been to de-lever our balance sheet. We are pleased to report the paydown of $165 million of debt associated with the acquisition in 2015. We are on track to decrease our financial leverage to less than three times net debt to adjusted EBITDA by the end of 2017. And finally, our fourth priority has been to operate effectively as One Zebra. Today, our customers consider us a more strategic partner. Our ability to provide solutions to meet our customers' long-term business objectives will further enable us to deliver the full value of the combined business. As an example, we won the business of a leading national food and beverage company through our Better Together value proposition, displacing a major competitor.
We were able to leverage the strength of our printer solutions to subsequently secure their mobile computing business with our TC70 Android device, and provide services to help them transition their legacy applications. Regarding our integration work, we are pleased with the progress we have made. However, we still have more work to do. To date, we have unified our organizational structure and have begun to establish a strong, common Zebra culture. We have migrated and consolidated engineering systems, implemented sales tools, rebranded the company, and reduced a number of real estate sites. Turning now to the fourth quarter highlights on slide six. As I mentioned, sales of $956 million for the quarter translated to 4% growth in constant currency. Continued strength in North America and Asia Pacific more than offset softness in EMEA and a decline in Latin America.
The underperformance of EMEA was primarily driven by macro factors, with particular weakness in Russia, Turkey, France, and the Middle East. However, we saw solid demand in Germany and the U.K. Asia Pacific growth continued to be propelled by the business in China. From a product perspective, sales were higher in mobile computing. Larger companies continued to be early adopters of Android. This is laying the foundation for our run rate business, as smaller customers, who have traditionally been served by our channel partners, determine how they will transition to next generation operating systems. Both data capture and printing performed well in the fourth quarter. The strength within our data capture business was broad-based and continued to be bolstered by 2D imaging. The printing business continued to be a strong performer in all product categories, with notable growth in mobile printing and the Link-OS software platform for device management.
We had a strong fourth quarter adjusted EBITDA margin of 17.3%. We continue to balance investments for growth with prudent expense control while realizing acquisition cost synergies. With this continued focus, we are confident in our ability to further expand margins over time. With that, I will turn the call over to our CFO, Mike Smiley, to review our financial results in more detail, our integration progress, and to introduce our 2016 outlook.
Thanks, Anders. Before I discuss the fourth quarter results shown on slide seven, I would like to remind you that we completed our acquisition of Motorola's Enterprise business on October 27th, 2014. As a result, with the exception of certain sales growth references, 2014 information reflects the financial results for the Enterprise business for the last two months of the year. Total GAAP sales for the fourth quarter were $953 million. Excluding the impact of purchase accounting, total sales for the fourth quarter were $956 million. Enterprise sales, excluding purchase accounting adjustments, were $636 million, up 2% year-over-year on a constant currency basis inclusive of estimated 2014 Enterprise sales. Data capture and mobile computing sales grew, and sales of wireless LAN and services declined. Pre-transaction Zebra sales were $321 million, up 7% in constant currency. Demand remains strongest in retail and transportation logistics verticals.
Momentum in healthcare also continues to grow. Top growth drivers, again, include e-commerce, mobility, share gains associated with the OS migration in mobile computing, the transition from scanning to 2D imaging in data capture, and the continuing refresh cycle in printing. From a regional perspective, on a comparable basis, sales in North America grew 7%. We experienced the strongest growth in the data capture business. Mobile computing continued to be driven by strong growth in our Android portfolio. Printing, tabletop, and mobile computers were our performers. EMEA continued to experience softness and was up 1% from a year ago on a constant currency basis. Scanning and printing sales grew, offset by lower mobile computing sales. Sales in Asia Pacific grew 9%. The region continued to be led by strong performance in China. Growth in mobile computers were driven by retail and transportation logistics, both supported by trends in e-commerce.
The printing business also performed well, with mobile printers posting very strong growth. In Latin America, sales declined 12%, a result of a difficult macroeconomic environment. The region experienced growth in printing, but currency devaluations continue to drive local currency prices higher, adversely impacting the overall demand environment. The region is stabilizing, and we remain focused on pursuing selective opportunities and improving demand generation. GAAP gross margin for the quarter was 44.9%. Excluding the impact of purchase accounting, gross margin was 45.1%, consistent with our guidance. Normalized for currency, gross margin was comparable to third quarter 2015 gross margin of 45.5%. Enterprise gross margin of 42.3% was down slightly compared to the third quarter. Improved services margin resulting from operational efficiencies was offset by the impact of a large mobile computing deal and currency changes. Pre-transaction Zebra gross margin was 50.7%, compared to 49.7% in the fourth quarter of 2014.
The impact of currency has been offset by lower product sales in hardware and supplies, the price increase in Europe, and the benefits of our hedging program. Operating expenses for sales and marketing, R&D, and G&A were $291 million, including $6 million of stock-based compensation expense. Operating expenses were favorable to our prior outlook due to good expense control and lower stock-based compensation expense. Other operating expenses include acquisition and integration and exit and restructuring costs of $54 million, and amortization of intangible assets of $61 million. In the quarter, the net loss per share on a GAAP basis was $0.13. Non-GAAP earnings per diluted share were $1.51, compared to $1.22 in the fourth quarter of 2014. Adjusted EBITDA increased 14% year-over-year to $165 million, or 17.3% of sales. Turning now to the balance sheet and cash flow highlights on slide eight.
We ended the year with $192 million in cash, which includes $166 million held outside the U.S. In the full year of 2015, cash was negatively impacted by significant integration costs associated with the Enterprise acquisition. This includes $51 million in working capital settlement payments to Motorola Solutions associated with the acquisition and $34 million of real estate capital expenditures, primarily related to the build-out of a leased facility to accommodate our Illinois-based employees. As of year-end, we had $3 billion of long-term debt, consisting of $1 billion of senior notes due in 2022 and a $2 billion term loan maturing in 2021. The debt was used to finance the October 2014 Enterprise acquisition, and we've been paying it down aggressively. With $165 million in total principal payments in 2015, year-end net debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio is approximately 4.7 times.
Subsequent to the end of the year, we made an additional $80 million in debt payments. For the full year 2015, we generated $103 million of cash flow from operations and made capital expenditures of $114 million. In 2016, we expect a significant improvement in free cash flow, primarily driven by sales growth and EBITDA expansion, approximately $90 million-$100 million less integration and restructuring costs, at least $75 million improvement in working capital, as well as approximately $30 million lower non-integration-related capital expenditures. We also expect to reduce our minimum target operating cash level by approximately $50 million. As a result, we are confident in our ability to reduce debt by at least $300 million this year. Roughly one-quarter of our total company sales are denominated in euros.
Given continuing elevated levels of currency fluctuations, we have been evaluating the options to cost effectively mitigate earnings and cash flow volatility associated with foreign exchange rates. As a result of that review in January, we implemented a hedge of approximately 80% of Zebra's net euro cash flow exposure for the entire year, effectively locking in a $1.09 euro rate. Finally, in light of the external focus over uncertainties on the macroeconomic environment, I'd like to point out that our liquidity levels are solid. We have no near-term debt maturities and an untapped $250 million revolving credit facility with no financial covenants triggered on our long-term debt unless we draw down more than $50 million. Before moving on to our guidance, I want to review our acquisition synergy program on slide nine.
As we discussed last quarter, we have a stated goal to achieve $200 million of cost synergies on a run-rate basis by the end of 2016. In 2015, we recognized significant synergy benefits and improved our operating leverage from a combination of organizational realignment, real estate consolidations, and other cost reductions. We realized approximately $130 million in cost synergies in 2015. We expect our P&L to benefit from realizing an incremental $50 million in cost synergies during 2016. $30 million of which will improve our gross margin and $20 million to reduce operating expenses. Finally, for 2017, we anticipate realizing an incremental $20 million of gross margin synergy benefits after reaching full run rate benefit as of the end of 2016. We are very pleased with the integration efforts thus far.
As we said in the past, given the size and scope of the transaction, the integration of the IT systems is very complex. Modernizing, simplifying, and integrating these systems into Zebra's IT network will increase efficiency and meet the demands of our growing business. Will also enable us to conclude our transition service agreements with Motorola Solutions. Consistent with our prior outlook, the rationalization and modernization of Zebra's IT platform and ecosystem will result in a remaining $130 million-$150 million of integration related costs over the next two years, of which approximately 20% will be in the form of capital expenditures. We expect the vast majority or roughly 80% of the remaining total integration costs to be incurred this year. The expense portion of these costs are one-time in nature and will be excluded from our non-GAAP P&L results.
These efforts are expected to drive additional operating expense efficiencies and reduce our ongoing capital expenditures once completed. I will now review our 2016 outlook, and in a few minutes, Anders will provide further perspective. Given the quarter-to-quarter volatility of our business, in addition to the quarterly outlook, we are providing an annual outlook to provide a longer-term view of our business. On slide 11, you'll see that for the first quarter, we expect net sales, excluding purchase accounting adjustments, to be flat to down 3% from the comparable net sales of $899 million in the first quarter of 2015. This expectation reflects a range of a negative 1% decline to positive 2% growth on a constant currency basis. First quarter 2016 adjusted EBITDA margin expect to be in the range of 16%-17%. non-GAAP earnings are expected to be in the range of $1.19-$1.34 per share.
Compared to the first quarter 2015, this outlook reflects growth in Asia Pacific and EMEA, offset by a decline in North America. While North America remained strong in the fourth quarter, we did experience some softening in December as the typical benefit we received from the year-end budget flush was not as significant as in past years. This softening was driven by a cautious tone around capital spending, resulting in a lower backlog as we entered the first quarter. In addition, we had an exceptionally strong first quarter of last year, with North America sales growth of 13% year-over-year, resulting in a challenging comparison for the first quarter of 2016. Our outlook also reflects a lower gross margin as compared to the first quarter of 2015, primarily due to a negative FX impact and changes in product mix. However, the gross margin should be higher than the fourth quarter.
Operating expenses are expected to be flat to slightly lower than the prior year period. For the full year, the company expects net sales, excluding purchase accounting adjustments, to grow 1%-4% from the comparable net sales of $3.7 billion for the full year 2015. This reflects an expectation of year-over-year growth of 2%-5% on a constant currency basis. Adjusted EBITDA margin is expected to be in the range of 17%-18% for the full year 2016, driven primarily by a higher gross margin and improved operating expense leverage compared to 2015. For the full year 2016, we have also assumed the following shown on slide 12. We expect capital expenditures of $70 million-$75 million, including $15 million-$20 million related to acquisition integration. Depreciation and amortization expense of $310 million-$315 million.
Interest expense of $195 million-$200 million, including amortization of debt issuance costs of $18 million-$20 million. Share-based compensation expense of $33 million-$35 million. A non-GAAP tax rate of approximately 22%-24%, and cash taxes of approximately $50 million-$60 million. I will now turn the call back to Anders.
Thank you, Mike. As we kick off 2016, we remain focused on extending our leadership within enterprise asset intelligence by executing on our four strategic priorities shown here on slide 12. I am confident that we can continue to deliver profitable growth for the full year 2016 as we capitalize on secular growth trends and prudently manage our cost structure. This confidence is supported by customers in all verticals recognizing the importance of technology in achieving their long-term strategic goals. We believe this focus will continue to be critical for customers, whether they are investing for growth or looking to streamline their operations and improve efficiencies. As we drive solutions-based selling, you can leverage our expertise and expand our share in key verticals such as healthcare, as investments by customers within this vertical continue to accelerate.
The dynamics of the retail industry, our largest vertical historically, are evolving as e-commerce and omni-channel are now top priorities. These initiatives require retailers to meet shoppers' growing expectations and provide product when, where, and how customers want it. This, in turn, requires further investments in technology to receive accurate and timely data on inventory availability. As e-commerce plays an increasingly more vital role in their businesses, Zebra is a trusted partner, helping them with the tools to drive productivity and efficiencies. As a related benefit to the evolution of retail, we are in a position to benefit from the extension of this trend in TNL, as the increased number of packages from retailers to consumers drives the need for additional investments in technology by package delivery companies. We feel very optimistic about the opportunities today, and in the future, within retail and TNL.
We are excited about our healthy pipeline of innovative products and solutions. For example, we launched our new mobile computer, the TC8000, which enables users to be 14% more productive through improved ergonomics and versatile capabilities. In addition, our new cartridge-based tabletop printer, the ZD420, has an ultra-compact design and provides Zebra an annuity revenue stream of aftermarket supplies. These high-margin, high-volume products demonstrate our ability to build on well-established staples within our portfolio and reinvent them to meet the changing needs of our customers. Both products contributed to very strong customer engagement and heavy booth traffic at the National Retail Federation Trade Show last month. In 2016, we are also investing in Windows 10 solutions, as legacy Windows mobile operating systems are expected to go end of life by 2020.
In our services business, we strengthened the leadership team and made changes that will make us more competitive and support meaningful improvements in 2016. For example, we are starting to benefit from increased attached and renewal rates on our product support plans. While we continue to invest in R&D to further extend our leadership position, we will also maintain prudent management of our cost structure as we further improve operating expense leverage. As Mike discussed in detail earlier, we expect to realize $50 million of incremental cost synergies in 2016, the majority of which will positively impact gross margin. Another top priority for us is to improve free cash flow in 2016 and 2017 and de-lever the balance sheet.
Lastly, we will continue to make meaningful progress on our transition to One Zebra as we execute the remaining steps of our integration and leverage the Zebra brand. Our teams are performing extensive IT systems integration work, including the start of our ERP system transition next quarter. We have the appropriate expertise and resources. In addition, a key customer-facing initiative is the implementation of our new channel partner program. This program is scheduled for a second quarter launch, which will simplify program administration for our partners, align our goals with theirs, and ultimately enable growth for Zebra and our partners. Now I would like to offer an additional perspective on our 2016 sales and EBITDA outlook. For the full year 2016, we are expecting sales growth of 2%-5% on a constant currency basis.
While our annual guidance does assume some continued headwinds from a macro perspective, we are not anticipating a meaningful change in the environment. As we have indicated, for the first quarter, we are expecting approximately flat sales year-over-year on a constant currency basis due to lower sales in North America. However, we have a healthy global pipeline in our core markets and consistent expectation of growth from across our reseller network. In North America, we expect growth beginning in the second quarter and through the end of 2016. We expect the strongest growth this year in Asia Pacific, driven by ongoing momentum in China and India, particularly in retail and TNL. In EMEA, we expect continued solid growth in Germany and the U.K., while Russia, Turkey, and the Middle East will likely remain soft. Latin America is stabilizing, and we could see some modest growth in the region.
As a result, for the full year, we feel confident in our expectation to continue to grow the business. With expanding margins, managing our overall cost structure, and increasing working capital efficiencies, we will generate increased free cash flow and reduce leverage. In conclusion, our business is performing well. We are positioned for long-term success and are reiterating our long-term financial goals, as shown on slide 13. We continue to see sales growth of at least 4%-5% over a cycle, which is faster than the market rate of growth. We also expect to achieve adjusted EBITDA margin of 18%-20% by the end of 2017, driven by growth, gross margin expansion, and operating margin leverage. This also assumes no material change to this recent global currency exchange environment.
Finally, we expect to achieve net debt to adjusted EBITDA of less than three times by the end of 2017. This will be driven by a total of at least $650 million of debt paydown over 2016 and 2017. With that, I'll hand the call back to Michael Steele.
Thanks, Anders. We've reserved the balance of the Q&A. We ask that you limit yourself to one question and one follow-up so that we can get to as many of you as possible. Operator, please let our callers know how to ask a question.
We will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your telephone keypad. If you are using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. To withdraw your question, please press star then two. At this time, we will pause momentarily to assemble our roster. The first question comes from Richard Eastman of Robert W. Baird. Please go ahead.
Hi, just, Anders, as we look out to 2016, against your constant currency growth forecast of what, 2%-5%, could you just kind of speak to the product lines and where you'd expect that continued growth to come from mobile computing printer, just kind of line them up relative to that LC growth rate? Then I have one follow-up.
Yeah. First, we feel confident about the full-year growth expectations that we have. We had a very strong 2015, and we built a lot of momentum across the business there. Our portfolio did very well in 2015. We gained share in most of our product lines globally. Three of our four regions had solid growth. We launched some new products in the beginning of 2016 that we are very excited about. The TC8000 is a great example of one of our highest-running products that we reinvented in a new fashion. We got great feedback on that product at the NRF and since. We also launched a new tabletop printer that's the highest volume of our printer portfolio, which has also a cartridge-based model, so you can make it very easy for customers to load ribbons, and that drives an annuity-based revenue stream for us.
As the year goes on, we have a number of other attractive new product releases. Our pipeline is very healthy. We have a very detailed approach to build up the pipeline that's both based on individual customer accounts, but also be looking at product. So far, we feel that we have a very solid outlook for the year.
Okay. Just one last question as a follow-up. There's been a number of additions here to the marketing team, to the global marketing team, all of which are right in front of the channel program adjustments that you're going to put in place in the second quarter. Could you just kind of walk through the structure there and maybe what the additions are intended to accomplish?
Yeah. We announced, I think it was early this week, right? That Jeff Schmitz will become our new Senior Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer. He will lead the overall marketing organization. He joined us on Monday officially. He also visited with us at one of our sales kickoff meetings to get a good view of what the entire business looks like. We're very excited to have Jeff on board. We think he will be a great addition to our team. Under Jeff, he has a number of different functions. One of those is a channel operations team. That channel operations team is the one that really own developing the channel program and make sure we work with the regions to launch it effectively into each of the regions. Jeff has the team that owns the development and implementation of the new channel program.
Clearly, they also work very closely with the regional sales teams to make sure that the region is ready to engage with the partners and be off to a good start.
Okay. Thank you very much.
Yep.
The next question comes from Saliq Khan of Imperial Capital. Please go ahead.
Great. Thank you. Hi, Anders. Hi, Mike.
Hey.
Hey.
Hi, guys. As I take a look at the overall product portfolio and the changes that you've made to it, you certainly brought a lot of sleekness and changed the ergonomics altogether to bring about a lot more ease to the end customer. However, if I take a look at what your competitors are doing, and I take a look at your product portfolio, are you merely trying to keep up with them, or are you trying to find a way to go ahead and become a lot more competitive, take customers away from them, and increase, theoretically, your market share?
If you look at our performance in 2015, we gained market share in most of our large product lines. We believe that we have a more competitive product lineup. We take great pride of the strength of our products and the innovation of our products. As we look into 2016, there's a lot of new, very attractive, you can say, extensions of existing products, but there are also some new product concepts that we are very excited about. We feel we are very dependent on having a vibrant product portfolio in order to demonstrate value to our customers. We feel that the portfolio we have should enable us to continue to gain market share and extend our leadership position in the industry.
As my follow-up, what you just noted is including with the fact that the business operations, the integration, and the rebranding initiatives that you've been working on throughout 2015, and it was very evident at the NRF conference as well. How does this improve your overall sales cycle, and how does it help you go ahead and have a more deeper and more of a integrated conversation with your end customer?
Yeah, I'll start, and then I'll let Joe Heel also add to this. I'd say our customers, when we talk to our customers, we hear two themes quite regularly. One, they feel that the combined business, the combined Zebra and Enterprise business, is more strategic to our customers. They see that the lineup we have now, the capability and competencies we have now, and the vision we have, make us a more strategic partner to them, and they tend to invite us in to be part of their more long-ranging plans to make sure that we can develop the right solutions for their needs. The other thing they have been saying, goes more to your point about rebranding, that from their perspective, the integration has been quite seamless. They haven't seen a lot of challenges from the integrational missteps in the integration.
They feel that we have actually been handling this quite well. Longer-term thinking. Maybe, Joe, you have some more thoughts.
Yeah. From a sales perspective, we see the benefits in many areas, but three that I would perhaps call out. The first is the confidence that the new brand and the new presence gives our customers is really essential to driving changes, like in our largest single opportunity around operating systems migration. That's what customers need. They need that confidence to interact with us, and we're projecting that now, and we're seeing that with our customers. They have that confidence, as Anders was saying, to elect us to be a strategic partner for them. The second is that the customers are feeling the better together that we're bringing to them. The fact that we can bring the full portfolio of our capabilities to them.
Anders was mentioning one of our large packaged goods customers that elected to go with us for precisely that reason, and we're seeing more and more of those opportunities. The third one, and I'm particularly excited about this, is our ability to bring solutions to the market, and customers are really believing that and seeing that now in some of the things that we're doing, where we're solving their business problems, and they have confidence that we can do that.
Thank you, guys. I look forward to speaking with you later on.
Thank you.
The next question comes from Jason Rogers of Great Lakes Review. Please go ahead.
Good morning.
Morning.
Morning.
Wonder if you could talk a little bit more about the ERP consolidation, if that's going as anticipated, and if you expect to remain on track as far as expected ops related to?
Yeah. The ERP integration is going as per plan. We feel it is going well. We have a strong team of people who've been working on this for quite some time now, and we have a robust product plan or project plan with lots and lots of detail behind it. We track it on a kind of hourly basis or daily basis as far as what progress and what deliverables we have. We are looking to implement the first phase of the ERP conversion in Q2 in Asia, and then we'll go live with the full global entity middle of 2017. We get a chance to road test it and then add some additional functionality for the full year rollout. We get great benefits from this. We get a much more of a rationalized modern IT platform.
What we've had so far has been a lot of disparate IT systems, which drives a lot of inefficiencies. If you have to enter data on two systems or sometimes three systems, and they don't transfer data between them very well. This streamlined IT platform for us, and they will drive also great cost benefits as we go into the future.
As a follow-up, did any large mobile computing deals have an impact on the fourth quarter, and what is the expectation for Q1?
Every quarter we have large deals. It would be bad if we didn't have large deals in our every quarter. We had large deals in fourth quarter. I wouldn't say that they were different from any other quarter, particularly.
This is Mike Smiley. I think one thing is, our actually our fourth quarter results were very comparable to the third quarter, excluding FX. It was really in line with our guidance. The euro was basically in Q3 about 111 versus 109 in the fourth quarter. Our service business had margin improvements offset by some of the large deals that Anders talked about. Our legacy Zebra printing margins were flat sequentially. Generally, the fourth quarter margins were really what we expected.
Okay.
Mr. Rogers, do you have anything else?
No, I'm just following up with that. Q1, there's no major mobile deals out there that are larger than normal that might impact margins?
No, I think the outlook for Q1 is also for normal rate or normal volume of larger projects. There's nothing that sticks out that's particularly bigger than normal. We have a good pipeline for large deals for the full year.
Got it. Thank you.
The next question comes from James Faucette of Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.
Thank you very much. Just a couple of questions from me. First, the strength in Motorola, I think you kind of mentioned this, but wanted to make sure, is that from new products and are we expected to gain steam as we head into 2016? And then talking about specific geographies, obviously, we had a big pickup in results this quarter with a bit of a downtick in North America, and you kind of spoke to some of the dynamics there. I'm wondering how much of that may be attributable to a couple of big customers, or is this something more broad-based and widespread? Thanks.
The first question was around the strength of the Enterprise business, and the second about the softness at the end of Q4. Is that right?
Yeah. That's right. Yeah.
Yeah. The strength of the Enterprise business, I think, it's multifaceted. We have worked hard on making sure we have a very competitive product lineup. Android has been a strong growth driver for us so far. We have, by far, the broadest portfolio of Android products of anybody in the industry. Our win rate in Android is very high, higher than the overall win rate, say, it is for us across all operating systems. I'd say, there's more than product. I think the integration, the combination of our two companies have helped both sides. I think the Better Together story is very much resonating with customers. We have seen many examples where we mentioned one in the script here, where printing led the way and one got into a new account first, we were able to pull in mobile computing afterwards.
We have many examples of where we've done the other way. Part of the growth is the Better Together. I'd say also, we have executed well. We have improved on our services performance, which was a bit of a drag before. I would say the culture of the combined company is good. I don't hear much talk about, say, us versus them and things like that. It's very much, we're all in this to try to make the company as successful as we can. I'll let Joe expand a little bit also.
I might support what Anders is saying in terms of the strength of the Enterprise business with two specific points. One, I already touched earlier on the subject of the OS migration, which is really where we have a leadership position, and we've been quite successful in 2015, we see that continuing here in the first quarter as we are driving that migration from legacy Windows operating systems to Android and to a certain extent, also onto Windows. The second one, as we saw really a broad strength in our scanning business as well. Our scanning business, as you probably know, is undergoing a transition in technology from 1D to 2D, and we've assumed a leadership position in that transition as well.
What's fundamental about that is that the Android transition is largely driven by large deals, whereas the scanning transition is also broad-based in the channel. We're really seeing that strength on the Enterprise business in two dimensions.
Yeah, maybe just to expand one more point on this. I think most of these comments were kind of North America centric, but if you look at the Enterprise business performance in 2015, the international markets were very strong. Asia was particularly strong. We had several large wins for mobile computing in Europe. This is very much a diversified business like Zebra's legacy business, where we have a broad portfolio of products selling to a diversified set of vertical markets and geographically also very diversified.
Yeah. That scanning growth I was talking about-
Yeah
Our biggest contribution came from China, for example.
Yep.
It is broad based.
Broad based, yeah.
As far as looking at North America and any weakness there, was that related to specific customers, or was that more broad based?
It flushed. That tends to be from many customers. It was more of, I think, a general cautiousness among our customers, and they were, I suspect, looking at what was going on with their share prices and wondering what that was meaning for 2016 and being a little more cautious on capital spend. It wasn't anything specific to any one customer, any large customer.
Have you seen that persist early in the year?
I think the start of January is always a bit weak, and I think that was commensurate with normal seasonality. As we look at the guidance we gave for the full year also, we expect basically normal seasonal increases quarter-over-quarter for the year. We're not assuming that there will be some form of heroic recovery. This is just based on looking at the last five to seven years of how much of our revenues coming Q1 versus Q2, Q3, Q4, and looking at how that should play out.
Thanks.
The next question comes from Keith Housum of Northcoast Research. Please go ahead.
Good morning, gentlemen. I guess I was hoping to spend a little bit of time talking about the supplies and services. As I look at perhaps what we're expecting and what you guys have done in quarters past, it looks like both of those have lagged a little bit here in the fourth quarter. What's your expectations for, I guess, your thoughts going into FY 2016?
Services is an area that we have spent a lot of effort to strengthen. We believe services should be a good growth driver for the business. We brought in some extra leadership, some new leadership in the business to augment the team we had. We could have more focus on both driving the sales side, but also driving the operational side. We made, I think, great improvements in our execution. The customer-facing performance of break-fix repair return statistics are much better than they were when we first assumed the business. We've reduced the cost basis for most of these services, and we've seen an increase in attach rates for new services. We feel quite good about where we are, and we feel confident that we should see good growth in 2016 from services. I'd like Joe to add on that, too.
Yeah. From a sales perspective, of course, you know that services is one of those that benefits from bookings that then deliver revenues over a longer period of time. What we've been very focused on, and I think successful with in 2015, is on the support side, increasing our attach and renewal rates. Those will deliver increasing revenues this year. On the managed and professional services, increasing our bookings. We actually had an exceptional year in terms of increasing our bookings last year in managed and professional services. That continues here in Q1. We've also been focused on migrating our managed and professional services to more higher value types of managed and professional services, ones where we have some unusual IP or unusual value added.
That's been the focus of that, which will help us with the margins that we can deliver from those services, in addition to the cost reductions that we're taking. I also wanted to make sure I heard you talk about services and supplies. Did I hear that correctly?
Yeah. I asked because supplies were down 8% in the quarter, year-over-year.
Okay.
I think supplies now for the year, supplies was up, I think it was 8% in constant currency. In Q4, I don't know, I don't have that data off the top of my head here, but constant currency was a lot better. Supplies has a higher proportion of supplies in Europe than we have for our normal products. Europe is a very large part of our overall supplies business. Let me see if we can find the number here. I don't see.
We can follow up with that offline as well.
Yeah. We can follow up offline.
Yeah. I didn't want to lump that in with services.
Yeah. Supplies is up.
Yeah. I'll follow up offline. That's fine.
Supplies for the full year, by the way, was up 1.2%.
In nominal.
Nominal currency. Now, by the way, I would also argue that we have been seeing very strong growth in supplies. I think that in 2015, we recognized the benefit of a lot of wristband products that I think makes the '15 to '14 comp a little bit more difficult.
Profitability of supplies has gone up because we have in-sourced some more of our wristband manufacturing, so that we've seen a great improvement in margins.
Thank you. If I could just follow up, I guess, on a previous question regarding some of the cautious commentary as you exited the fourth quarter. As you look at the demand going into FY 2016, your expectations, I guess, that you're hearing from the customers regarding your large projects going forward. Are anybody talking about deferring projects out in response to the macro demand?
At a high level, I'd say we aren't expecting any material changes to the macro environment or how our customers behave. We have had very good feedback, very encouraging feedback from our reseller communities. They certainly believe that 2016 should be a good year with good growth. I think the issues we saw in the end of Q4, beginning of Q1, were more isolated and we believe temporary, in that there was more, I think, driven by people looking at the stock market and getting cautious about what that meant for the business and didn't want to lean in to the same extent. Budgets gets pushed out a bit. It takes a little longer for companies to then hand out operating budgets to their different divisions and CapEx. Once that happens, things go back to more normal, we believe.
We have seen from end of last year, some deals got pushed from Q4 into all of 2016, and some customers may have looked at some larger deals, and instead of giving us one PO, they gave us one PO for P1 and P2 or Q2 and so forth. You should remember also that our value proposition is one that really works in good times and bad times. In good times, our customers are working with us to expand into new retail stores, new factories. In tougher times, they use our equipments to trade OpEx for CapEx.
We have very short and well-defined return on investment calculations. Normally, our products prove to have an ROI of less than, say one year to upwards of maybe two years. Even in tougher times, companies tend to be comfortable with those types of paybacks.
Yeah. One other thing that, or maybe two other things, that give us a perspective on this cautiousness that we may have seen at the end of Q4 is, number 1, our pipelines for Q2 and the rest of the year are very strong. That gives us a lot of good confidence. Also, as we speak with our reseller partners, they reflect a lot of confidence to us in terms of the growth prospects that they see for the year. That puts in perspective, I think, what we've seen.
Great. Thank you.
The next question comes from Josh Berman of William Blair. Please go ahead.
Hi. Good morning.
Morning.
Morning.
Just two quick ones. I know you gave some of the components that go into free cash flow, but I was wondering if there's a certain dollar amount you're targeting for 2016.
I think, again, our goal is to pay down $300 million of debt. We're confident in our ability to do that. Again, we expect some improvement from our EBITDA margin expansion and just regular business growth. We also know that we have improvements in our working capital, which should drive at least $75 million of additional cash flow from what we had last year. We will have $90 million-$100 million less integration spend from 2015. We also have our CapEx that's not related to integration, down by about $30 million. I think Anders mentioned the fact that we had some spending in Illinois to bring the facilities together for the two companies. We also expect to reduce our cash levels by about $50 million.
When you put it all together, we're very confident in reducing our debt by $300 million in 2016 and $350 million in 2017, again, to get our leverage below three times debt to EBITDA.
All right. Switching topics. I was wondering if you could dive a little bit more into the Windows 10 opportunity. Maybe how big is that, especially relative to the Android transition?
Yeah. There are no Windows 10 Mobile products on the market going on from an OS migration perspective. Today, virtually all our customers, or certainly most our customers, are well aware of the need to migrate to newer, more modern operating systems. Android has been the primary beneficiary of this so far. We were early investing in Android and saw that as a great opportunity for us. Microsoft is planning on coming out with Windows 10 later on this year. There will be some customers, we believe, that are very loyal to Microsoft and would like to have Windows 10. We have some Windows 8 products today, which we would upgrade to 10, then come out with some more products later on in the year. We want to be basically operating system agnostic when we talk to our customers.
We don't want them to feel that we are only supporting one operating system. We want to be able to go in and have a conversation with them about their unique situations and be able to offer the right type of solutions for them. Maybe Joe, you have some-
Well, what I would say is, first, we should recognize that still the majority of our revenues today come from Windows-based operating systems. The transition to Android is happening very fast as Windows 10 Mobile, right, the mobile version of Windows 10, hadn't been released for a very long time. With that now happening, we do see some customers, and it's very specific to the needs of individual customers. Logistics is a vertical where we see a bit more of it than others express the need and a desire, in fact, to be on a Windows 10 Mobile platform. As such, we're developing those devices, and we'll see that they'll occupy a significant portion of the market.
Great. Thank you.
The next question comes from Paul Coster of JP Morgan. Please go ahead.
Hey, Paul.
Hi. This is Paul Chung on for Paul Coster. Thanks for taking my question. Question on the core printing business. It's grown nicely, really, ever since 4Q 2013. You mentioned upgrade cycles have been a strong contributor. How much of that growth has been from existing customers? How much from market share gains from new business? And finally, can you confirm how cross-selling initiatives with the Enterprise business have been going? Has it been a material contributor? Thanks.
Yeah. I think the strength of the printing business is really driven by a number of different factors. Ultimately, I bring it back to, I think we've just executed well on our overall print strategy over many years. We've gained a lot of share. There's upgrades or refresh cycles, but we also gained a lot of share. I think according to VDC, we've gained about 1 percent of market share per year for the last several years. I would attribute that to us having a very compelling and competitive product lineup. Some of the new things we talked about, like Link-OS, is one that unifies the look and feel and the user interfaces and how you interact with the printer across our entire portfolio. Something that's very difficult to replicate for smaller suppliers.
I think the way we engage with the channel also gives us some benefits with the scale that we have there and how we can provide very compelling value propositions to our channels and our end users. I'd say it's not really one thing that's driving the strength in the printer business. It's really a number of different things. Joe might have some also comments here.
Yeah. I'd say we have seen a market share expansion in the printing business, I would attribute at least a part of that, a significant part of that, to the better together, to the ability to operate and cross-sell between them. I'll give you a generic example of that. The strongest vertical for the Enterprise business was, and is, retail, right? In which we have mobile computers and scanners, which we deploy. There are applications such as when you change the pricing at the retail level, where you would like to not only scan and understand the pricing on a item in the store through our technology of mobile printing, which goes very well with that scanning capability that we already have on the retail floor.
We've seen an expansion of solutions like this where we're able to put the two technologies together to a solution to solve a problem like price markdowns and changes.
Great. Thanks.
This concludes our question and answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Michael Steele for closing remarks.
Thank you all for your questions. Have a great day.
The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.