Dear ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Hugo Boss Second Quarter 2021 Results Conference Call. At our customer's request, this conference will be recorded. As a reminder, all participants will be in a listen-only mode. After the presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions via the telephone lines. If any participant has difficulties hearing the conference, please press star key followed by zero on your telephone for operator assistance. May I now lead you over to Yves Müller. Please go ahead.
Thank you, operator. This is not Yves Müller, this is Christian Stöhr speaking, and I would like to welcome everybody who dialed in for today's Q2 conference call. Thanks for dialing in, ladies and gentlemen. Good morning to all of you, and welcome to our second quarter 2021 financial results presentation. Today's conference call will be hosted by Yves Müller, CFO of Hugo Boss. In light of our pre-announcement from mid-July today's upcoming Capital Markets Day, we will keep our Q2 conference call somewhat shorter than usual and focus on the financial performance during the three-month period. Before we get started, I want to recall that all revenue-related growth rates will be discussed on a currency-adjusted basis unless otherwise specified. Let me also remind you that during the we kindly ask you to limit your questions to a maximum of two.
Please also keep more strategic questions for today's Capital Markets Day. Let's get started, and over to you, Yves.
Thank you, Christian, and welcome everybody from my side. In the next 15 minutes, I will present to you our Q2 operational and financial performance before discussing our outlook for the 2021 fiscal year. After that, we will open the floor to your questions. As announced already back in July, we have seen a strong acceleration in our business recovery during the second quarter, both from the top and bottom line perspective. In particular, it was well-balanced across all geographies, channels in both brands as the gradual easing of the pandemic-related restrictions as well as further progress made along vaccination campaigns fueled consumer sentiment across the globe. On average, around 20% of our global store network was temporarily closed during Q2 with a vast majority of owned retail stores back in operations towards the end of the quarter.
Consequently, revenues more than doubled as compared to the prior year period, with group sales totaling EUR 629 million. Since the strong rebound of our top line, as it translates into group sales remaining only 4% below the pre-pandemic level of Q2 2019, and a strong acceleration quarter on quarter. As our recovery was broad-based and clearly noticeable across all regions, let's take a quick look at our geographies first. While sales more than doubled in Europe and even more than quintupled in the Americas, revenues in Asia-Pacific were up by more than 50% in Q2. On a two-year stack basis, sales in Europe therefore remained only 4% below 2019 levels, as the lifting of lockdowns and temporary store closures over the course of the second quarter supported the business recovery.
On average, only 25% of our store base in Europe was closed in Q2 as compared to a closing rate of up to 50% in the first quarter. Performance was particularly strong in the U.K., where stores reopened mid-April, enabling our business to even exceed 2019 levels, up 7% on a two-year stack basis. While both Germany and France also recorded strong sequential improvements, I'm all the more encouraged that several markets in Eastern Europe, above all Russia as well as the Middle East, continued their strong double-digit growth trajectory compared to pre-pandemic levels. Also in the Americas, sales remained only 5% below 2019 levels benefiting from a further uptick in overall demand, limiting the market sales decline to 6%. In this context, it is particularly encouraging that our U.S. retail business returned to growth in Q2, posting a mid-single digit growth versus 2019.
This development was strongly supported by our initiatives to change the overall brand perception and product assortment at our points of sale, which is increasingly skewed towards casual wear. In order to complete the picture of the Americas, sales in Latin America accelerated to mid-double digit growth on a two-year stack basis, while business in Canada continued to be impacted by temporary store closures also in Q2. Finally, on Asia-Pacific, where sales were down only 3% as compared to 2019. In particular, mainland China continued its strong double-digit growth trajectory with revenues up 28% against the prior year period and 33% on the two-year stack basis.
This implies the further acceleration as compared to the and while also Australia exceeded pre-pandemic levels by mid-single digits, business recovery in markets such as Japan and Southeast Asia progressed comparatively more slowly, reflecting temporary lockdowns, as well as the ongoing lack of international tourism. Let's now turn to our sales channels and starting with own retail, where sales more than doubled as compared to the prior year. Consequently, own retail sales remain only 5% below 2019 levels with a sequential improvement recording throughout the quarter. With the vast majority of our own retail stores back in operations towards the end of the quarter, our own retail business even returned to growth in the month of June. Moving over to our online business, which continues its strong double-digit growth trajectory also in Q2.
Sales on hugoboss.com and on partner websites operated in the concession model, recorded growth of 27% against a particularly strong comparison base, translating into a triple-digit growth on 2 years stack with revenues up 122% as against 2019. On wholesale, where sales also more than doubled, up 170% versus the prior year, translating it to slight decline of 2% against 2019 levels. This performance first and foremost reflects our partner strong demand for the Pre-Fall and Fall-Winter 2021 collections of both BOSS and HUGO, and it's a great testimony to the success of our collections. In addition to that, the considering share is attributable to additional business generated selected high-quality off-price retailers in Europe. Entering into these additional partnerships not only allows us to further improve our inventory situation, but also to introduce our brands to a new, younger consumer. Make no mistake.
As with any partner we work with, also here, we will ensure that our brands and products are presented in a truly premium brand environment. Carefully selected the right partner is and will continue to be a clear prerequisite also going forward. This is no different in the case of these partnerships. Let's conclude on our top line with a brief review of the performance of brands. Revenues for both BOSS and HUGO more than doubled compared to Q2 2020. On a 2-year stack basis, sales for BOSS declined 5%, while HUGO returned to growth, posting 2% growth versus 2019. Momentum for both brands, casual wear offerings further accelerated in the 3-month period, with revenues up double-digit on 2-year stack. Formal wear sales also record a sequential improvement quarter-on-quarter benefiting from some pent-up demand for occasions and business wear.
With this, let's now move on to the main P&L items. Starting with the gross margin, which totaled at 61.2% in the second quarter. While this represents an increase of 670 basis points year-on-year, mainly reflecting the non-recurrence of negative inventory valuation effects recording in the prior-year quarter, gross margin remained basis points below the level of and a high sourcing cost, as well as some ongoing promotional activities in the marketplace, is also the aforementioned off-price wholesale business that limited the gross margins recovery to some extent. Moving over to the operating expenses, which grew by 25% on an underlying basis when excluding the prior-year's impairment charges. The increase is mainly attributable to the non-recurrence of rental and payroll cost savings that we realized in the course of last-year's global lockdowns.
While selling and distribution expenses increased 33% to last year, also reflecting higher marketing expenses, administration expenses were only up 4%. Compared to 2019 levels, however, operating expenses decreased 6% as we continued to tightly manage our costs in the quarter. Overall, our strong top-line growth as well as the ongoing strict cost control led to significant bottom-line improvement with EBIT totaling +EUR 42 million in the second quarter as compared to -EUR 250 million one year ago. Obviously, for the sake of transparency, the earnings development was also supported by the non-recurrence of impairment charges as well as negative inventory valuation effects recorded in the prior year quarter. Finally, net income totaled EUR 25 million in the second quarter. Let's now turn quickly to the balance sheet, starting with trade net working capital, which declined 12% versus the prior year.
An increase in trade receivables, mainly reflecting the recovery of our wholesale business in the second quarter, was more than compensated by higher trade payables as well as a lower inventory position. The latter saw a decrease of 3%, reflecting ongoing tight inventory management as well as positive effects resulting from the additional off-price business. Moving over to capital expenditure, where investment activity picked up noticeably over the course of the quarter. As a result, investments totaled EUR 27 million in Q2, which is almost 70% above the prior year level. As in previous quarters, investments were primarily related to our global store network as well as our digital capabilities. In this context, the particular highlight has been the opening of our first BOSS flagship store in Tokyo's popular Ginza district back in June. This brings me to free cash flow.
Driven by the strong bottom-line increase as well as the improvements in trade net working capital, free cash flow significantly improved and returned to pre-pandemic levels, totaling EUR 134 million in Q2. To finish on our financial position, net financial liabilities decreased 42% to EUR 138 million when excluding lease liabilities in the context of IFRS 16. Finally, I would also like to highlight that the additional loan commitments totaling EUR 275 million that we secured back in 2020 expired in June without having been drawn at any point of time. Now, ladies and gentlemen, before opening the floor to your questions, allow me to briefly comment on our outlook for the remainder of the year. In light of the strong performance in the second quarter, we are confident that our overall business recovery will all continue also in the second half of 2021.
This said, we must not forget that the environment we operate in continues to be confronted with elevated uncertainty. Accurately predicting the further course of the pandemic and its impact on our business during the next six months is virtually impossible, in particular with regard to the ongoing global spread of the Delta virus variant. Right as we speak, the global resurgence of COVID-19 has led to renewed store closures in several markets in Asia Pacific. No one knows which markets around the world might experience similar restrictions during the next couple of months. While our guidance for fiscal year 2021 might be perceived as rather conservative by some of you, it reflects our confidence of continuing our strong business recovery also in the second half of 2021, while at the same time factoring in the uncertainty that remains elevated for the time being.
Overall, we anticipate group sales in fiscal year 2021 to increase by between 30% and 35%, with a strong contribution expected from all regions. At the same time, EBIT is forecast to amount to between EUR 125 million and EUR 175 million. To complete the picture, CapEx is set to increase to a level of between EUR 100 million and EUR 130 million, while we expect trade net working capital as a percentage of sales to improve to between 21% and 23%. Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes my prepared remarks for today. I am already very much looking forward to welcome all of you at our virtual Hugo Boss Investor Day later on today. First of all, I'm now happy to take your questions.
Thank you. We will now begin our question and answer session. If you have a question for our speakers, please dial zero one on your telephone keypad now to enter the queue. Once your name has been announced, you can ask a question. If you find your question is answered before it is your turn to speak, you can dial zero two to cancel your question. If you're using speaker equipment today, please lift the handset before making your selection. One moment please, for the first question. The first question is coming from Elena Mariani from Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.
Hi. Good morning, Yves. Thanks very much. I will stick to two questions as requested. My first question is on gross margin. In the second quarter, you've talked about quite a few moving parts. Of course, we have the non-recurrence of the inventory valuation effects from last year, which we know about. I was wondering whether you could elaborate a little bit more on the higher sourcing costs and the higher level of markdown activity. Of course, gross margin remains quite a lot below 2019 levels. How much do we have to think about the different weightings for these elements? Is this headwind going to continue in the second half of the year? Is this the reason why your second half of the year EBIT guidance was not upgraded when you upgraded your top line?
My second question is about still your guidance for the second part of the year, but more on the top line. As you mentioned in your remarks, some of us might have perceived the guidance to be slightly conservative. Of course, it implies a slowdown in your top-line development in the second half. Is this more the result of you being quite conservative given the macro picture, or have you already observed some sequential slowdown in the first weeks of the third quarter? Thank you.
Yes. Good morning, Elena. Thank you very much for your questions. Talking about the gross margin first. If you would say, clearly we have these kind of improvements versus 2020 that were related, of course, because of the inventory devaluations that we did last year. This had, of course, a tremendous effect. If you compare the deterioration versus 2019, I would assume that two-third of the effect, the deterioration versus 2019, is coming from markdown and wholesale business, and one-third is coming from higher sourcing costs, mainly related to higher freight costs. Regarding the top-line development for the second half of the year, I think, like I said during my short presentation, I think we have to view the second half of the year, because we all know that the uncertainty still remains.
You might have noticed from other competitors that, especially in the Asia Pacific regions, we have noticed some lockdown situations in countries like Thailand, like Malaysia, and some parts of Australia. For the time being now, the store opening rate for us in Asia Pacific is around 90%. I think we have to be prudent because the pandemic is not yet over. I think we have to always consider this in our guidance. On the other side, I can say that regarding our current trading, if we see the month of July, I have said during my short presentation that the development in retail was even positive in the month of June in terms of exit rate, and I can confirm today that we kept this kind of development in July.
Great. Thank you. Just a small follow-up. On the gross margin moving parts, should we expect the same headwinds to affect the second half of the year as well, and is this incorporated in your guidance? Thank you.
Like we always said, in terms of where we see us overall in terms of 2021 margin, we see that we come in between the March gross margin of 2020 and 2019, and this has somewhat not changed after the call we had back in May. This is, I think, the overall orientation that we have, because we see that actually the higher freight costs, that this will not disappear in the next six months to come.
Understood. Thank you very much. Thank you.
Thank you, Elena.
The next question is coming from Thomas Chauvet from Citi. Please go ahead.
Good morning, Yves and Christian. My first question on your admin expenses. They've been down versus 2019 level in each of the 4 quarters of last year, but also in Q1. In Q2, they're returning to slightly above 2019 level. Is this the way we should think about H2 in going forward, that your admin costs now have reached a floor, and they're going to start to increase slightly again as obviously the business recovers and you need to also to invest in some form of central cost? Secondly, on the wholesale performance, Q2 was broadly in line with the 2019 levels. Well done for that. You're talking about new business with European on and offline retailers. Can you indicate which are these key new accounts and perhaps how much they contributed to the EUR 190 million in sales in the period?
Just to follow up on Elena Mariani's question on gross margin, you've reiterated the guidance halfway between 2019 and 2020 level, 61%-65% was those two limits. The consensus is halfway, exactly in the middle at 63%. Looking at H1, gross margin's marginally above 2020 levels. That looks perhaps 63% a little bit high. Would you agree, Yves? Thank you.
Thank you very much. [Non-English content] Thomas. Thank you very much for your questions. First of all, regarding admin expenses. First of all, you have to consider that, in these kind of lockdown periods that we alluded to in Q1 and the prior periods, we had some short-time work, these kind of effects helped us. On the other side, rest assured that we expect overall going forward that we keep tight cost control as well in administration expenses. If you can see it is from an absolute point of view, it's just a slight increase in comparison to the prior year period. There might be some effects coming from higher share prices that relates to some bonus payments as well, as you might expect. These were the drivers actually of the increase in Q2.
Nothing that I worry about and more a kind of reflection of the share price development that we had to include because of our LTI program. Regarding Q2, in terms of a new business regarding wholesale. The two dominant players, that we have was BestSecret and Veepee. These are the two major off-price wholesalers which are new, and like we said, we recorded a low double-digit number with this regard in the wholesale. Regarding gross margin, I just can repeat myself. We are guiding to between 2019 and 2020. It's a rough number because the second half of the year, there was still a lot of moving parts, especially when it comes to the business. We expect a strong holiday season and back of the year.
There are still ongoing moving parts, and for the time being, we stick to this orientation number between 2019 and 2020.
Thank you.
Thank you.
The next question is coming from Jürgen Kolb from Kepler Cheuvreux. Please go ahead, sir.
Yes, good morning, guys. Thanks very much. Two questions. First one, again, coming back on these off-price retailers. Is that a rather short-term strategy in order to clear excess inventories, or where you have actually done a good job in Q2, or is that something where you want to be positioned longer term as well as a kind of a second distribution channel for inventories? Secondly, I was wondering, you talked about a good demand and a good order book for fall/winter. Have you noticed already retailers asking for pre-shipments or earlier shipments, especially for the fall/winter collection? Thank you.
Yes. Good morning, Jürgen. Thank you very much for your questions. Regarding off-price wholesale business, I think it has two major effects. One is clearly that we want to clear excess inventories, which has been the case because of the situation of the unexpected long-lasting lockdown in Europe. This is point one. Point two is, with these two customers that I just alluded to, you clearly have the possibility as well to have the opportunity to sell products to younger customers. We can broaden our customer base there as well. For the time being, we had good experience and no negative repercussions on other customers and actually working in a good premium brand environment. Secondly, regarding the wholesale pre-orders, yes, I can confirm that we had really very strong pre-orders for the second half not wholesale partners that are requesting earlier shipments.
We are more or less what we have planned so far when it comes to deliveries.
Very good. Thank you very much. Looking forward to hear from you later on again.
Thank you very much, Jürgen.
The next question is coming from Antoine Belge from Exane BNP Paribas. Please go ahead.
Good morning. It's Antoine at Exane. Two questions. First of all, I'd like to follow up, sorry, on this Vente-Privée, on BestSecret development in Q2. You don't seem to want to quantify them. To what extent they boosted the performance and, maybe that would be a reason why you would not expect a huge acceleration in the second half. Maybe some kind of quantification on how much they counted. Again, to what extent it was really a way of clearing inventory, then they would be used, but in a more moderate way. My second question relates to the online performance up 27%. Is that a good number? First of all, or is it just because the slowdown is more that you no longer have the sort of external factor, which would be the conversion from a wholesale account to e-concession?
Yes. [Non-English content] Antoine. Thank you very much for your questions. First of all, regarding Veepee and BestSecret, I just can repeat myself that this was a low double-digit million EUR number in the wholesale numbers. Clearly this was related to excess inventories, and I expect this, that we continue the cooperation with those partners, but that we will reduce the scale in the ongoing quarters. This is the qualitative remark that I can do. Regarding online sales, I think you always have to consider that we have had a very, very strong comparison base. If you might recall, Q2 2020 was the quarter of the lockdown. That was actually the only channel where we could sell. If you might recall that was plus 74% versus 2019. If we compare our performance on the 2-year stack, there's only a slight deceleration from 133% - 122%.
Clearly, I think a very high number, but rest assured that really we want to push the pedal to the metal regarding our online net sales. We always said we want to increase at least at 40% CAGR each year, this is actually the direction that we are taking. For the time being, we are above this mark if you take the first half-year results. Overall, I think much more potential regarding online if you talk to the Managing Board, I think we make big progress here. I think one number that has to be considered, you will see this during our Capital Markets Day as well, this afternoon. I think digital online sales will be of great importance. You can see that already if our digital sales, wholesale combining retail, was at 21% of group net sales.
Clearly we more than doubled the net sales in comparison to 2019 to increase here our digital performance, and I think we're making big steps. On the other side, we still see a lot of potential when it comes to digital sales in both channels.
Maybe just one follow-up or much more clarification of what you said earlier regarding July. You say it was positive. Do you mean it is positive, so the total sales in July were above 2019 level? Is that how we should understand it?
When we talk about retail, I can confirm that this was positive versus 2019.
Thank you very much.
The next question is coming from Volker Bosse from Baader Bank. Please go ahead.
Hello, Yves Müller. Thanks for taking my question. Volker Bosse, Baader Bank. Congratulations on the great second quarter. On China. Have you seen a sales downswing in April on the back of the consumer ban versus some Western brands? For clarification, are your influencers in the moment allowed to promote Hugo Boss products again as normal? Is your growth dynamic in China as of today, in line to your normal expectations? To put it that way, to get a feeling where do we stand here regards to China. The second question would be on your partnerships and capital connections with Russell Athletic and NBA in the second quarter, not just in regards to sales, also in regards to brand awareness.
Do you have any results or data on hand which underpins the success of the Capital Markets Day in order to strengthen the relationship to younger consumer group, for example? Thank you.
Yes. Good morning, Volker. Thank you very much for your questions. Regarding Mainland China, I can just clearly confirm, and you have seen our numbers in the second quarter, that the positive momentum that we overall have is continuing. If you look at it as a kind of Q2, or if you look at our growth rates, our growth rate in Q2 was even higher in comparison to Q1. On a two-year stack basis, we were growing by 33%. We view this as very positive. This is above our own expectations, and we still have very positive momentum when it comes to China. Regarding the partnership with Russell and NBA. What we can clearly say is that we, for example, with the NBA in the U.S., we had a full price sell through above 60%.
I think this was very positive in terms of commercial success of this NBA. There's more to come in the second half of the year. We have a new second capsule together with NBA that will only be sold in the U.S., but also in Europe, because basketball, especially in the younger audience, is en vogue. We expect more sales with this regard. Actually, if you look especially to the new cohorts, the new customer that you generate, clearly, especially with NBA and Russell, we see that more than two-third of the net sales that we are doing are below 35 years. This is clearly, I think, a positive result.
You can see if you talk about the U.S. specifically, because that was related to the NBA, you can see that actually our retail sales were mid-single digit growing in the U.S. also in Q2, whereas wholesale was still clearly negative. You can see that in retail, we can react much faster in terms of what we can sell, and this kind of change towards casual wear can be very fast executed with retail. Actually, that NBA was as well a trigger, and Russell was a trigger that we returned to mid-single digit growth in the U.S. in this market. A big contributor for us.
Okay. Thank you very much. Sounds promising and looking forward to hear your data again. Thank you.
Thank you, Volker.
The next question has come from Rogerio Fujimori from Stifel. Please go ahead.
Oh, hi. It's been Rogerio f rom Stifel. Thanks for taking my question. I have just one on marketing expenses, which were, I think, EUR 86 million in H1 or 7.6% of sales, obviously higher than H1 2020. How should we think about marketing to sales in H2 to drive brand heat in the top line? Is 8% a reasonable level for the full year, or should we expect any intensification of marketing activities? Any thoughts would be appreciated. Thank you.
Yes. Good morning, Rogerio. Thank you for your question. Regarding, I think, to take this kind of marketing expenses to net sales, I think it's, for the time being, still difficult because in the first half of the year, you might notice, of course, there a lot of lockdowns in brick-and-mortar business. I think it's the question of the denominator. Clearly, in the second half of the year, we want to invest into our brands, and you will hear this afternoon actually where we are going in terms of our brand expenditures for the next five years. You will notice already in the second half of the year that we can expect some further marketing investments. I think you will see a kind of gradual development from the former 6% - 8% in the next five years to come.
More to come this afternoon.
Understood. Thank you.
The next question is coming from Philipp Frey over at Warburg Research. Please go ahead.
Hello, gentlemen. Just one question. Can you elaborate a bit on the extent to which temporary cost savings reduced your cost base in the second quarter? How much, said otherwise, how much would your cost base go up just if you back out temporary savings for store closures, short-term labor whatsoever, temporary rent reductions, all this kind of stuff?
Good morning, Philipp. [Non-English content]
[Non-English content]
Actually, what we can say is that, of course, this kind of short-time work, this very short-term related cost savings, that they were fading out already at the end of Q1, and they were only in the beginning of Q2. Actually, it's getting to a negligible amount. You can see that this is already a normal run rate that we have seen. As a matter of fact, for example, in our headquarters, we stopped the short-time work with the 1st of April. You could see that here we were already back on full speed, actually on 1st of April for the full second quarter. If you look, for example, in our retail in Germany, it was still closed for the first 6 weeks. The people were still on short-term work regarding, for example, in Germany.
This is now completely fading out and the effect getting more and more neglectable.
Great. Thanks a lot.
Thank you.
The next question is coming from Manjari Dhar over at RBC. Please go ahead.
Hi. Morning. Thank you for taking my questions. I just had a couple. Firstly, you've mentioned the new customer cohort for the NBA and Russell collaboration. Are you seeing those new customers also buying in the main BOSS collection? Secondly, on the dividend, is there a likelihood of a dividend payment this year? Thank you.
Good morning, Manjari. Thank you very much for your questions. Yes, we can clearly see that the younger customers, that they put a lot of units into their BOSS basket because it's very much online related as well. The good thing is we know the data, we know how the consumer behaves. Actually, after their first purchase, where we're retargeting them and they are now becoming very satisfied BOSS customers. We are really very happy with this new cohort that we generate new and fresh momentum into our brand. Actually, this was the full intention that we were doing. Regarding a dividend, I think this is something we will talk about this afternoon. Please perhaps be a little bit patient in order to put this into the context of the full strategy.
Thank you.
The last question for this session is coming from Carina Schuster over at Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.
Hi. Thank you. Just two brief follow-up questions from me, please. Firstly, you've talked a little bit about the U.S. and how it's gone back to positive growth in the retail channel in the quarter. Can you just give us a little bit more color on the trends by category, casual wear versus formal wear, and also an update on the retail conversions that you're doing in the region? Secondly, on online. You've already talked about the 3-digit growth on a 2-year stack. Could you give us any more color in terms of your own website versus marketplace partners and the performance there? Thank you.
Yes. Good morning, Carina. Thank you very much for your questions. The first question was related to retail trends, right? U.S. retail trends, right?
Yes.
Casual versus formal. What you can clearly see is, we want to be a clear 24/7 brand in the U.S. and overall globally. I think this is what we intend to do. In the U.S., and this is what we did already in the past, we changed our product offering in retail. If you now look at the sales team that we have, especially in the U.S., we reduced our offering in formal wear and increased casual wear. There have been really some tectonic shifts because this is regarding retail 50%-25%, and casual wear is now at around 50% coming from 25%. We just flipped these kind of numbers in the U.S. market. This was a big driver, of course, of the performance that we're having in retail.
I have to conclude that wholesale is lagging behind because they were still buying this formal wear 6 to 9 months ago. Right now, when I look at the selling periods going further and what we've sold now in terms of pre-spring and spring/summer 2022, we are very satisfied with the wholesale orders that we received. This clearly underlines that we are on the right way regarding the U.S. market. Regarding online, we have overall concession. The overall business was in the high teens, like for like positive.
Very good. Well, thank you, Yves, very much for your detailed answers. Thanks, ladies and gentlemen, for dialing in. We are running out of time because in 15 minutes from now, we will distribute our press release on our strategic priorities and ambition for the years to come. Please look at that. As Yves already mentioned, we are very much looking forward to speaking to you again later today as part of our virtual investor day this afternoon. Thanks very much and speak to you later. Thank you.
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for your attendance. This conference has been concluded.